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Most measures of psychotherapy outcome focus on symptomatic change. However, clients often report other changes through therapy, such as increased self-acceptance. This study reports on the development and validation of the Complementary Measure of Psychotherapy Outcome (COMPO) that assesses different areas of psychological functioning deemed important by clients and therapists. Items were written based on a literature review of client-reported change and feedback from experienced therapists. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted on the initial 42-item COMPO administered to 264 psychotherapy clients. Iterative item reduction resulted in the final 12-item, four-factor solution, with factors named self-acceptance, self-knowledge, relationship quality, and consideration of others. This factor structure, along with a bifactor model that contains a general factor and the four domain-specific factors, was replicated on a sample of 571 adults in the community. The 12-item COMPO exhibits convergent validity with measures of self-esteem, insight, social support, and empathy; demonstrates 2-week test-retest reliability; and predicts life satisfaction. The 12-item COMPO was further administered to 28 clients in short-term psychodynamic therapy for depression. Except for consideration of others, COMPO subscales and total scale scores improved from pre- to posttherapy. Posttherapy COMPO scores were also higher among clients who experienced clinically significant change compared to those who did not. The COMPO was negatively associated with depressive symptoms and impairments in functioning across the three samples. The brevity of the COMPO makes it a convenient tool to supplement symptom-based measures for a more comprehensive assessment of outcome in psychotherapy. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

This exploratory study assesses the use and quality of therapeutic immediacy in short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy for depression. We aimed to identify what constitutes effective here-and-now discussions of the therapeutic relationship by examining a sample of four treatment cases drawn from a previous randomized clinical trial for depression. Transcripts of 16 treatment sessions (four time points per treatment) were analyzed using the consensual qualitative research for case study method. The therapists' contributions to therapeutic immediacy were assessed qualitatively by independent judges and then quantitatively analyzed in relation to immediate session outcome as well as overall treatment outcome (reduction in depressive symptoms). A total of 41 immediacy events were identified across 16 sessions, of which 35 were therapist-initiated and subsequently organized into 18 discrete categories. High-quality immediacy events (as assessed by the judges) were associated with higher patient involvement. Two immediacy categories were significantly different between good and poor outcome cases. Therapists "acknowledged their patient's progress in therapy" more often in good outcome cases, whereas they "assessed patients' feelings about the overall progress of therapy" more often in poor outcome cases. No significant relationship was found between frequency, rated quality of immediacy events, and treatment outcome. Four immediacy events rated by the judges as high- and low-quality are presented as clinical examples illustrating positive and negative therapists' contributions to therapeutic immediacy. Therapist behaviors that may improve the effectiveness of therapeutic immediacy are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Previous studies have shown that individuals with personality disorder (PD) suffer from significant interpersonal distress. Some PDs, such as avoidant personality disorder (AvPD), have been characterized with a clear homogeneous interpersonal profile. Other PDs, such as obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD), have shown significant heterogeneity rather than a distinct profile. Our study aimed to compare these two PDs and determine their interpersonal profiles. Analyses included 43 patients with OCPD and 64 with AvPD recruited in 2 clinical trials. They completed the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems at baseline (Alden, Wiggins, & Pincus, 1990). Structural summary and circular statistic methods were used to examine group interpersonal profile. Cluster analysis was used to identify subtypes within the OCPD and AvPD samples. The AvPD sample demonstrated a homogeneous interpersonal profile placed in the socially avoidant octant of the circumplex. In contrast, the OCPD group exhibited a heterogeneous interpersonal profile, with two subtypes on opposite sides of the circumplex: (a) "aggressive" (i.e., vindictive-domineering) and (b) "pleasing" (i.e., submissive-exploitable). Both clusters demonstrated homogeneous, prototypical, and distinct interpersonal profiles. Our findings show that individuals with either OCPD or AvPD exhibit significant interpersonal distress. Although AvPD may be inherently an interpersonal PD, OCPD cannot classified into one homogenous profile, but rather two distinct interpersonal subgroups. The heterogeneity may be explained by the presence of interpersonal subtypes. Detection of subtypes can inform future research on treatment targets as well as personalized interventions, tailored to patients' specific interpersonal difficulties. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Das grundsätzliche Verbot des Erfolgshonorars gilt nicht für Inkassounternehmen. Anwältinnen und Anwälte dürfen dagegen nur in Ausnahmefällen ein Erfolgshonorar vereinbaren. In der Lexfox- bzw. Wenigermiete.de-Entscheidung des BGH hat dieser Widerspruch keine Rolle gespielt (BGH, AnwBl Online 2020, 63). Die Begründung für eine Diff erenzierung vermisst man allerdings. Das könnte schlicht daran liegen, dass es keine (verfassungsrechtlich ausreichende) gibt. So wird der Beitrag der Autorin und des Autors zum Plädoyer, über eine Neuordnung des Erfolgshonorars nachzudenken.

A dissertação apresenta como objetivo descrever o processo de composição coreográfica de Henrique Amoedo, mentor e diretor artístico da companhia Dançando com a Diferença (Cia DD), e que concebe obras incisivas em temáticas impactantes, protagonizadas por elencos compostos por bailarinos com e sem deficiência, sendo estas duas das dimensões estruturais do seu trabalho como criador (temáticas e elencos). Foi pioneiro na criação da primeira companhia profissional de Dança Inclusiva em Portugal; resultante da sua trajetória profissional e académica, iniciada anteriormente no Brasil, com as companhias Roda-Viva e Mão na Roda, em 1994. A pesquisa apresenta-se como um Estudo de Caso, cuja metodologia é de natureza qualitativa, com abordagem fenomenológica. São usadas entrevistas semiestruturadas, observação não participante, registos de vídeo dos ensaios e fontes documentais sobre o coreógrafo e a companhia. Em conclusão, o processo de composição coreográfica é inerente ao coreógrafo, métodos utilizados e à capacidade em materializar as ideias iniciais em movimento dançado, a coreografia. The present dissertation aims to describe Henrique Amoedo's choreographic composition process. Mentor and artistic director of the company Dançando com a Diferença (Cia DD), he designs incisive works on impactful themes, featuring castings composed by dancers with and without disabilities, these being the structural dimensions of his work as a creator (themes and castings). He was a pioneer in the creation of the first professional Inclusive Dance company in Portugal, but with a professional and academic trajectory started in Brazil, with the companies Roda-Viva and Mão na Roda, in 1994. The research is presented as a Case Study, whose methodology is of a qualitative nature, with a phenomenological approach. Instruments: semi-structured interviews, non-participant observation, video recordings of the essays and documentary sources about the choreographer and the company were used. Conclusion: the choreographic composition process is inherent to the choreographer, the methods used and the ability to materialize the initial ideas in the dance movement: the choreography.

ObjectiveHematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) survivors may show evidence of objective cognitive impairment; however, perceived cognitive problems and their impact on quality of life are less well-understood. The purpose of this study was to explore HSCT survivors’ perceptions of cognitive impairment and its effect on daily life functioning.MethodSixty-nine autologous and allogeneic HSCT survivors nine months to three years posttransplant experiencing mild survivorship problems completed a brief structured interview regarding perceived cognitive impairment since transplant. Data were coded and content analyzed. The frequency of participants reporting cognitive problems by domain and associations between reports of cognitive problems and age, depressed mood, anxiety, and health-related quality of life were examined.ResultOverall, 49 of the 69 participants (71%) reported cognitive impairments after transplant: 38 in memory (55%), 29 in attention and concentration (42%), and smaller numbers in other domains. There were no significant differences in problems reported by transplant type. Of the 50 participants who worked before transplant, 19 (38%) did not return to work following transplant, with 12 citing cognitive and health problems as being the reason. There were significant associations between reports of cognitive impairment and younger age (p = 0.02), depressed mood (p = 0.02), anxiety (p = 0.002), and health-related quality of life (p = 0.008).Significance of resultsA large proportion of survivors reported cognitive impairment following HSCT that impaired daily life functioning. Perceived cognitive impairment was associated with younger age, greater distress and reduced health-related quality of life.

Bud primordia of Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. remain ice free at subzero temperatures by supercooling. Once ice forms inside the primordium, it is immediately injured. Supercooling capacity increases seasonally from ~−5 °C to as much as −50 °C by currently unknown mechanisms. Among other prerequisites, dehydration of tissues over the winter months has been considered to play a key role in freezing tolerance. In this regard, the water content of bud primordia may be crucial, especially in reference to supercooling. In order to assess the role of dehydration in supercooling capacity, seasonal changes in supercooling capacity and the water potential of bud primordia of Picea abies (L.) H. Karst were measured at two sites that differed by 1298 m in elevation, after artificial frost hardening and dehardening treatments and after controlled bench drying. The extent of supercooling of bud primordia varied from −7 °C in summer to −24.6 °C in winter, a difference of 17.6 –19.3 K. Total actual water potential (Ψtact) of bud primordia was −2 MPa in summer and decreased to a mean of −3.8 MPa in midwinter. The decline involved dehydration, and to a lesser extent, osmoregulation. At decreased Ψtact values (

The photoprotective mechanisms of desiccation tolerance and freezing toler- ance and their relation to molecular mobility (cell vitrification) were assessed in a single model: the exceptional subalpine and resurrection plant Ramonda myconi. Dehydrated leaves showed a drop in maximal photochemical effi- ciency of PSII (Fv/Fm) accompanied by synthesis of zeaxanthin (Z), even in the dark, which was limited by cell vitrification after complete desiccation. The recovery of Fv/Fm after a severe drying treatment (7 days at 50% rela- tive humidity) confirmed the tolerance of R. myconi leaves to desiccation. In winter, R. myconi plants showed a highly dynamic component of pho- toinhibition. Interestingly, the potential activity of the enzyme violaxanthin de-epoxidase (VDE) occurred at −7∘C, below the freezing temperature range of the leaves (−2 ± 2∘C) and even in the dark. This suggests that, in nature, the enzyme can still be active in frozen leaves, as long as they are above the glass transition temperature. The drop in Fv/Fm and increase in Z were reversible upon rehydration and thawing, respectively, but were not perfectly matched, suggesting that both Z-independent and Z-dependent forms of sustained dissi- pation are occurring. Overall, our data reinforce the light-independent activity of the VDE enzyme under stress and suggest that Z-accumulation could occur in darkness in a scenario when temperatures drop dramatically in the night under natural conditions Financial support from Basque Government (UPV/EHU IT-1018-16 and UPV/EHU IT-718-13); Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) and the ERDF (FEDER) (CTM2014 – 53902-C2 – 2-P) to J.G.-P., A.V. and B.F.-M.; “Juan de la Cierva-Incorporation” postdoctoral fellowship IJCI-2014-22489 to B. F-M.; and Univer- sity of St. Thomas Sabbatical Assistance Grant to A. V. are acknowledged

Organische Abfalle und im Speziellen Lebensmittelabfalle und Speisereste (SPR) fallen in grosen Mengen und zum Teil mit starken Schwankungen an. Die Schwankungen sind sowohl in der Abfallzusammensetzung als auch dem Aufkommen, u. a. bedingt durch saisonale Gegebenheiten, zu finden. SPR werden zumeist einer biologischen und uberwiegend anaeroben Abfallbehandlung (Vergarung) zugefuhrt, wodurch diese Abfalle sowohl als stoffliche (Garrest, Dunger, Bodenverbesserer) als auch energetische Ressource (Biogas, elektrische und thermische Energie) genutzt werden. Durch eine dezentrale Aufbereitung und Lagerung von SPR sollen neue Losungen zur Ressourcen- und Energiespeicherung als auch fur den Ausgleich der Schwankungen gefunden werden. Im Labormasstab erfolgte die Vorbehandlung und Aufbereitung von SPR. Anschliesend wurde der Einfluss der Lagerung von SPR uber einen Zeitraum von bis zu 28 Tagen bei 5, 20 und 30 °C untersucht. Es konnte festgestellt werden, dass es zu einer sofortigen Versauerung verbunden mit einer Absenkung des pH-Werts der gelagerten SPR kam. Mit steigender Temperatur nahmen die Versauerung und gleichermasen die Konzentration der organischen Sauren zu. Um die Auswirkungen der Lagerung auf den Energietrager SPR zu analysieren, wurde das Biogaspotenzial in Abhangigkeit von Lagerungsdauer und Temperatur bestimmt. Weder die Dauer noch die Temperatur wiesen einen signifikanten Einfluss auf den Gasertrag aus. Durch die Versauerung, welche auch als eine Art chemischer Aufschluss betrachtet werden kann, kam es nach der Lagerung der SPR zu einer um bis zu 20 % erhohten Gasausbeute im Vergleich zum Ursprungssubstrat. Nicht vermeidbare Speisereste konnen somit als Energietrager und -speicher angesehen werden und zu einer effizienten und bedarfsgerechten Energiebereitstellung beitragen.

Bud primordia of Picea abies, despite a frozen shoot, stay ice free down to −50 °C by a mechanism termed supercooling whose biophysical and biochemical requirements are poorly understood. Bud architecture was assessed by 3D—reconstruction, supercooling and freezing patterns by infrared video thermography, freeze dehydration and extraorgan freezing by water potential measurements, and cell‐specific chemical patterns by Raman microscopy and mass spectrometry imaging. A bowl‐like ice barrier tissue insulates primordia from entrance by intrinsic ice. Water repellent and densely packed bud scales prevent extrinsic ice penetration. At −18 °C, break‐down of supercooling was triggered by intrinsic ice nucleators whereas the ice barrier remained active. Temperature‐dependent freeze dehydration (−0.1 MPa K−1) caused accumulation of extraorgan ice masses that by rupture of the shoot, pith tissue are accommodated in large voids. The barrier tissue has exceptionally pectin‐rich cell walls and intercellular spaces, and the cell lumina were lined or filled with proteins, especially near the primordium. Primordial cells close to the barrier accumulate di, tri and tetrasaccharides. Bud architecture efficiently prevents ice penetration, but ice nucleators become active inside the primordium below a temperature threshold. Biochemical patterns indicate a complex cellular interplay enabling supercooling and the necessity for cell‐specific biochemical analysis., Mechanisms of freeze avoidance and supercooling are poorly understood, although they are widely present frost survival mechanisms in tissues of woody plants. Despite a frozen shoot, vegetative bud primordia of Picea abies are able to supercool down to −50 °C. This is achieved by a sophisticated bud architecture, which insulates the bud primordium from external and internal ice penetration. The ice barrier tissue and adjacent cell layers show a highly differentiated chemical composition facilitating supercooling of Picea abies bud primodia.

Extracellular ice nucleation usually occurs at mild subzero temperatures in most plants. For persistent supercooling of certain plant parts ice barriers are necessary to prevent the entry of ice from already frozen tissues. The reproductive shoot of Calluna vulgaris is able to supercool down to below -22°C throughout all developmental stages (shoot elongation, flowering, fruiting) despite an established xylem conductivity. After localization of the persistent ice barrier between the reproductive and vegetative shoot at the base of the pedicel by infrared differential thermal analysis, the currently unknown structural features of the ice barrier tissue were anatomically analyzed on cross and longitudinal sections. The ice barrier tissue was recognized as a 250 μm long constriction zone at the base of the pedicel that lacked pith tissue and intercellular spaces. Most cell walls in this region were thickened and contained hydrophobic substances (lignin, suberin, and cutin). A few cell walls had what appeared to be thicker cellulose inclusions. In the ice barrier tissue, the area of the xylem was as much as 5.7 times smaller than in vegetative shoots and consisted of tracheids only. The mean number of conducting units in the xylem per cross section was reduced to 3.5% of that in vegetative shoots. Diameter of conducting units and tracheid length were 70% and 60% (respectively) of that in vegetative shoots. From vegetative shoots water transport into the ice barrier must pass pit membranes that are likely impermeable to ice. Pit apertures were about 1.9 μm x 0.7 μm, which was significantly smaller than in the vegetative shoot. The peculiar anatomical features of the xylem at the base of the pedicel suggest that the diameter of pores in pit membranes could be the critical constriction for ice propagation into the persistently supercooled reproductive shoots of C. vulgaris.