Search

We examine the determination of the gluon distribution of the proton in the low-$x$, low-$Q^2$ domain of deep inelastic electron-proton scattering (DIS). Adopting two-gluon exchange as the dominant interaction in the low-$x$, low-$Q^2$ domain implying the known result of scaling of the photoabsorption cross section in terms of the scaling variable $\eta(W^2,Q^2)$, we deduce a reliable result for the gluon distribution at leading order of the perturbative QCD improved parton model that differs significantly from the widely spread results from big collaborations based on evolving from a starting scale of $Q_0^2\cong 2$ GeV$^2$. The validity of evolution upon adopting its quantitative modification at low-$Q^2$ without any modification at larger values of $Q^2$ leads to a quantitative improvement of the extraction of the gluon distribution based on evolution from a starting scale of $Q^2$ conventionally chosen as $Q^2= Q_0^2\cong 2$ GeV$^2$.

Employing the representation of the experimental data on deep inelastic electron-proton scattering (DIS) in the color-dipole picture (CDP), we determine the gluon distribution of the proton at small Bjorken $x$. At sufficiently large momentum transfer, $Q^2$, the extracted gluon distribution fulfills the standard evolution equation for the proton structure function. For low values of $Q^2$, e.g. for $Q^2 = 1.9 {\rm GeV}^2$, the evolution equation for the proton structure function is violated. The standard procedure of adopting a low-$Q^2$ starting scale for the extraction of the gluon density is questionable and requires further investigations.

We report a combined study of imaging the antiferromagnetic (AFM) spin structure and measuring the spin Hall magnetoresistance (SMR) in epitaxial thin films of the insulating non-collinear antiferromagnet SmFeO$_3$. X-ray magnetic linear dichroism photoemission electron microscopy measurements reveal that the AFM spins of the SmFeO$_3$(110) align in the plane of the film. Angularly dependent magnetoresistance measurements show that SmFeO$_3$/Ta bilayers exhibit a positive SMR, in contrast to the negative SMR expected in previously studied collinear AFMs. The SMR amplitude increases linearly with increasing external magnetic field at higher magnetic field, suggesting that field-induced canting of the AFM spins plays an important role. In contrast, around the coercive field, no detectable SMR signal is observed, indicating that SMR of AFM and canting magnetization components cancel out. Below 50~K, the SMR amplitude increases sizably by a factor of two as compared to room temperature, which likely correlates with the long-range ordering of the Sm ions. Our results show that the SMR is a sensitive technique for non-equilibrium spin system of non-collinear AFM systems., Comment: Accepted for publication in Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter. This is the version of the article before peer review or editing, as submitted by an author to Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter. IOP Publishing Ltd is not responsible for any errors or omissions in this version of the manuscript or any version derived from it

We investigate the mass range of the quark-antiquark fluctuations of the photon that are active in producing the total photoabsorption cross section in the color dipole picture, emphasizing the notion of color transparency and saturation. We consider the implications of measurements at future extensions of the available electron-proton-scattering energy., Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure., Minor changed of sentences and Appendix A and B added

We have found the possible region of parameters of the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) within the bounds from the experimental results of the Higgs mass, the rare decay mode of $b$-quark, the muon $g-2$, the dark matter abundance, and the direct searches for the lighter stop (i.e., one of the supersymmetric partners of top quark) at the LHC. We present numerical results of calculations for the one loop effects of supersymmetric particles in the processes of $\tau^+ \tau^-$, $b \overline{b}$, $t \overline{t}$, and $Z h$ production at the ILC by using benchmark points within the possible region of the MSSM parameters., Comment: 11 pages, 16 figures; Talk presented at the International Workshop on Future Linear Colliders (LCWS2016), Morioka, Japan, 5-9 December 2016. C16-12-05.4

The information age challenges computer technology to process an exponentially increasing computational load on a limited energy budget - a requirement that demands an exponential reduction in energy per operation. In digital logic circuits, the switching energy of present FET devices is intimately connected with the switching voltage, and can no longer be lowered sufficiently, limiting the ability of current technology to address the challenge. Quantum computing offers a leap forward in capability, but a clear advantage requires algorithms presently developed for only a small set of applications. Therefore, a new, general purpose, classical technology based on a different paradigm is needed to meet the ever increasing demand for data processing., Comment: in Nano Letters (2015)

We have been developing a program package called GRACE/SUSY-loop which automatically calculates the MSSM amplitudes in one-loop order. We present numerical results of calculations for pair-production and three-body decay of the lighter stop ($\widetilde{t}_1$) at the International Linear Collider (ILC) using GRACE/SUSY-loop. Since the distributions of missing transverse energy (MET) depend on mass spectrum of SUSY particles, we consider two scenarios on three-body decay of $\widetilde{t}_1$. In these scenarios, both QCD and EW corrections have positive sign for decay widths and cross sections., Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures (7 eps files), Prepared for the Proceedings of International Workshop on Future Linear Colliders, LCWS11, 26-30 September 2011, Palacio de Exposiciones y Congresos, Granada, Spain

GRACE/SUSY-loop is a program package for the automatic calculation of the MSSM amplitudes in one-loop order. We present features of GRACE/SUSY-loop, processes calculated using GRACE/SUSY-loop and an extension of the non-linear gauge formalism applied to GRACE/SUSY-loop., Comment: 7 pages, 2 figures, Talk presented at LCWS10/ILC10

The 1-loop corrected decay widths of sparticles (charginos, neutralinos, gluino and sfermions) in the framework of the MSSM are calculated systematically using GRACE/SUSY-loop, which is the program package for the automatic calculation of the MSSM amplitudes in the 1-loop order. We present the renormalization scheme used in our system and show some numerical results of decay widths of sfermions and gluino using the SPS1a' parameter set and other SUSY parameter sets., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, added references, contribution to the proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Radiative Corrections (RADCOR 2009), October 25-30 2009, Ascona, Switzerland

The features of the $IV$ characteristics of metallic carbon nanotubes (m-NTs) in different experimental setups are studied using semi-classical Boltzmann transport equation together with the heat dissipation equation to account for significant thermal effects at high electric bias. Our model predicts that the shape of the m-NT characteristics is basically controlled by heat removal mechanisms. In particular we show that the onset of negative differential resistance in free standing nanotubes finds its origins in strong transport nonlinearities associated with poor heat removal unlike in substrate-supported nanotubes., Comment: 3 pages, 3 figures

We show that the local temperature dependence of thermalized electron and phonon populations along metallic carbon nanotubes is the main reason behind this non-linear transport characteristics in the high bias regime. Our model that considers optical and zone boundary phonon emission as well as absorption by charge carriers is based on the solution of the Boltzmann transport equation that assumes a local temperature along the nanotube, determined self-consistently with the heat transport equation. By using realistic transport parameters, our results not only reproduce experimental data for electronic transport, but also provide a coherent interpretation of thermal breakdown under electric stress. In particular, electron and phonon thermalization prohibits ballistic transport in short nanotubes., Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures

We have developed the system for the automatic computation of cross-sections, {\tt GRACE/SUSY}, including the one-loop calculations for processes of the minimal supersymmetric extension of the the standard model. For an application, we investigate the process $e^+ e^- \to Z^0 h^0$ ., Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure, Talk presented by Jimbo, M. at ACAT-03

We calculate the spin relaxation time of conduction electrons in n-doped bulk gallium arsenide. We consider the Elliot-Yafet spin-relaxation mechanism, driven by Coulombic-impurity and electron-electron scattering. We find that these two scattering mechanisms result in relaxation times of equal order of magnitude, but with disimilar dependences on doping density and temperature. Our theoretical results are compared with experimentally measured spin relaxation times in gallium arsenide., Comment: 14 pages, 4 figures

We examine the total cross section of virtual photons on protons, $\sigma_{\gamma^* p}(W^2,Q^2)$, at low $x \cong Q^2/W^2 \ll 1$ and its connection with ``elastic'' diffractive production $\gamma^*_{T,L}p \to X^{J=1}_{T,L} p$ in the two-gluon exchange dynamics for the virtual forward Compton scattering amplitude. Solely based on the generic structure of two-gluon exchange, we establish that the cross section is described by the (imaginary part of the) amplitude for forward scattering of $q \bar q$ vector states, $(q \bar q)^{J=1}_{T,L} p \to (q \bar q)^ {J=1}_{T,L} p$. The generalized vector dominance/color dipole picture (GVD/CDP) is accordingly established to only rest on the two-gluon-exchange generic structure. This is explicitly seen by the sum rules that allow one to directly relate the total cross section to the cross section for elastic diffractive forward production, $\gamma^*_{T,L} p\to (q \bar q)^{J=1}_{T,L} p$, of vector states., Comment: 24 pages, latex file with three eps figures. BI-TP 2002/21

We explore the consequences for diffractive production, gamma* p --> X p, in deep inelastic scattering at low values of x\sim Q^2/W^2 <<1 that follow from our recent representation of the total photoabsorption cross section, sigma_{gamma* p}, in the generalized vector dominance/ color dipole picture(GVD/CDP) that is based on the generic structure of the two-gluon-exchange from QCD. Sum rules are derived that relate the transverse and the longitudinal (virtual) photoabsorption cross section to diffractive forward production of q q-bar states that carry photon quantum numbers ("elastic diffraction"). Agreement with experiment in the W^2 and Q^2 dependence is found for M_X^2/Q^2<<1, where M_X is the mass of the produced system X. An additional component ("inelastic diffraction"), not actively contributing to the forward Compton amplitude, is needed for diffractive production at high values of M_X. Our previous theoretical representation of the total photoabsorption cross section sigma_{gamma* p}=sigma_{gamma* p}(eta), in terms of the scaling variable eta=(Q^2+m_0^2)/Lambda^2(W^2) is extended to include the entire kinematic domain, x=<0.1 and all Q^2 with Q^2>=0, where scaling in eta holds experimentally., Comment: 19 pages with 4 figures,(eps and ps files), Latex

The empirical scaling law, wherein the total photoabsorption cross section depends on the single variable eta=(Q^2+m_0^2)/Lambda^2(W^2), provides empirical evidence for saturation in the sense of sigma_{gamma* p}(W^2,Q^2)/sigma_{gamma p}(W^2) --> 1 for W^2 --> infinity at fixed Q^2. The total photoabsorption cross section is related to elastic diffraction in terms of a sum rule. The excess of diffractive production over the elastic component is due to inelastic diffraction that contains the production of hadronic states of higher spins. Motivated by the diffractive mass spectrum, the generalized vector dominance/color dipole picture (GVD/CDP) is extended to successfully describe the DIS data in the full region of x=<0.1, all Q^2>=0, where the diffractive two-gluon-exchange mechanism dominates., Comment: 7 pages with 3 figures,(eps files), Latex. Talk presented by D. Schildknecht at DIS2002, Cracow, Poland, 30 April to 4 May

For the study of reactions in High Energy Physics (HEP) automatic computation systems have been developed and are widely used nowadays. GRACE is one of such systems and it has achieved much success in analyzing experimental data. Since we deal with the cross section whose value can be given by calculating hundreds of Feynman diagrams, we manage the large scale calculation, so that effective symbolic manipulation, the treat of singularity in the numerical integration are required. The talk will describe the software design of GRACE system and computational techniques in the GRACE., Comment: 6 pages, Latex, ICCP5

This report summarises the results of the four-fermion working group of the LEP2-MC workshop, held at CERN from 1999 to 2000. Recent developments in the calculation of four-fermion processes in electron-positron collisions at LEP-2 centre-of-mass energies are presented, concentrating on predictions for four main reactions: W-pair production, visible photons in four-fermion events, single-W production and Z-pair production. Based on a comparison of results derived within different approaches, theoretical uncertainties on these predictions are established., Comment: 150 pages, 73 figures, 45 tables

The results obtained by the Working Group on Supersymmetry at the 1999 Les Houches Workshop on Collider Physics are summarized. Separate chapters treat "general" supersymmetry, R-parity violation, gauge mediated supersymmetry breaking, and anomaly mediated supersymmetry breaking., Comment: LaTeX, 110 pages with numerous .ps and .eps files. proc.tex is main tex file

We review the results on representing the differential cross section for W-pair production, including W decay and hard-photon bremsstrahlung, in terms of a Born-form approximation of fairly simple analytic form., Comment: 16 pages with 3 figures,(eps files), Latex. Invited talk at the XXII International School of Theoretical Physics, Ustron '99, Poland, September 1999

A recently suggested high-energy Born-form representation of the one-loop helicity amplitudes for e^+e^- to W^+W^- is supplemented by including W^+- decay and hard-photon radiation. Results for the differential and the total cross section for e^+e^- to W^+W^- to 4 fermions + gamma are given for the high-energy region of sqrt(s) > 500 GeV., Comment: 20 pages, Latex

A brief derivation of the lagrangian of the minimal supersymmetric theory is given and the complete expression of the lagrangian in terms of mass eigenstates is presented., Comment: 58 pages, misprints corrected

A simple Born-form approximation at the one-loop level for e^+e^- to W^+ W^- at high energies is given in analytic form. The different contributions to the three invariant one-loop amplitudes, S_I^{(-)}(s,t) and S_Q^{(\pm)}(s,t), determining the Born-form helicity amplitudes are thoroughly investigated analytically and numerically. At energies above 500 GeV, the accuracy of the simple Born-form approximation for the differential production cross section is better than 1% for almost all W^+W^- production angles, independently of whether the W^+W^- polarization is summed over, or whether a longitudinal or a transverse polarization is selected for both the W^+ and the W^-., Comment: 27 pages, 3 Postscript figures, uses epsf.sty

\susy23 is a Monte-Carlo package for generating supersymmetric (SUSY) processes at $e^+e^-$ colliders. Twenty-three types of SUSY processes with 2 or 3 final state particles at tree level are included in version 2.0. {\susy23} addresses event simulation requirements at $e^+e^-$ colliders such as LEP. Matrix elements are generated by GRACE with the helicity amplitude method for processes involving massive fermions. The phase space integration of the matrix element gives the total and differential cross sections, then unweighted events are generated. Sparticle widths and decay branching ratios are calculated. Each final state particle may then decay according to these probabilities. Spin correlations are taken into account in the decays of sparticles. Corrections of initial state radiation (ISR) are implemented in two ways, one is based on the electron structure function formalism and the second uses the parton shower algorithm called QEDPS. Parton shower and hadronization of the final quarks are performed through an interface to JETSET., Comment: 36 pages, LaTeX

Algorithm of constructing Feynman amplitudes in the framework of minimal supersymmetic extension of the standard model is presented, which can be easily implemented in GRACE, the program of automatic generation of Feynman amplitudes. The equivalence of our method with the prescription given by Denner et al. is proved., Comment: 24 pages, TeX with psfig.sty. The original version is published in Meiji Gakuin Ronso, 594(1997)1

Using the SU(2) gauge coupling, $g_{W^\pm} (M^2_{W^\pm})$, at the high-energy scale of $M_{W^\pm}$, defined by the (theoretical value of the) leptonic W-width, rather than using the low-energy value, defined via the Fermi coupling, $G_\mu$, in the Born approximation, and supplementing with Coulomb corrections and initial state radiation, errors with respect to the exact one-loop results for the differential cross section of $e^+e^-\to W^+W^-$ are below 1% at LEP 2 energies at all $W^+W^-$ production angles. A similar procedure is suggested to incorporate leading bosonic loop effects into four-fermion production in the fermion-loop scheme. The resulting accuracy below 1% is sufficient for LEP 2 experiments., Comment: 12 pages, LaTeX including 1 postscript figure, submitted to Phys. Lett. B

We propose a rather general description of residual New Physics (NP) effects on the top quark couplings. These effects are described in terms of 20 gauge invariant $dim=6$ operators involving gauge and Higgs bosons as well as quarks of the third family. We compute their implications for the $\gamma t\bar t$, $Z t \bar t$ and $tbW$ vertices and study their observability in the process $e^-e^+ \to t\bar t$ with $t\to bW \to b\ell^+\nu_\ell$. We present results for the integrated cross section, the angular distribution and various decay distribution and polarization asymmetries for NLC energies of $0.5-2~TeV$. Observability limits are discussed and interpreted in terms of the NP scales associated to each operator through the unitarity constraints. The general landscape of the residual NP effects in the heavy quark and bosonic sectors is also presented., Comment: 36 pages (9 figures available through email in .uu form, e-mail: renard@lpmsun2.lpm.univ-montp2.fr)

We refine our recent analysis of the electroweak precision data at the \PZO\ pole by including the hadronic decay modes of the \PZO. Within the framework of an effective Lagrangian we parametrize $SU(2)$ violation by the additional process-specific parameters $\De y_\nu$, $\De\yh$, and $\De\yb$ (for the $\PZO\nu\bar\nu$, $\PZO\Pq\bar\Pq$, and $\PZO\Pb\bar\Pb$ vertices) together with the previously introduced parameters $\De x$, $\De y$, and $\eps$. We find that a six-parameter analysis of the experimental data is indeed feasible, and it is carried out in addition to a four-parameter fit for $\De x$, $\De y$, $\eps$, and $\De\yb$ only. We reemphasize that the experimental data have become sensitive to the (combined) magnitude of the vertex corrections at the $\PWp\Pl\bar\nu$ ($\PWm\nu\bar\Pl$) and $\PZO\Pl\bar\Pl$ vertices, $\De y$, which is insensitive to the notion of the Higgs mechanism but dependent on the non-Abelian, trilinear vector-boson coupling. Full explicit analytical results for the standard one-loop predictions for the above-mentioned parameters are given, and the leading two-loop top-quark effects are included. The analytic formluae for the analysis of the experimental data in terms of the parameters $\De x$, $\De y$ etc.\ are presented in order to encourage experimentalists to persue such an analysis by themselves with future data., Comment: 28 pages latex, 9 figures in uuencoded form, trivial misprint corrected

We elaborate on a recently suggested effective Lagrangian for charged-current and neutral-current electroweak interactions which in comparison with the standard electroweak theory contains three free parameters $\Delta x, \Delta y$, $\varepsilon$ which quantify different sources for violations of $SU(2)$ symmetry. Within the standard $SU(2)_I \times U(1)_Y$ electroweak theory, we present both exact and very much refined approximate analytical one-loop expressions for these parameters in terms of the canonical input, $G_\mu, \MZ$, $\alpz$, the top-quark mass, $\Mt$, and the Higgs-boson mass, $\MH$. We reemphase the importance of discriminating between the {\it empirically well-known purely fermionic} (vacuum polarization) contributions to $\Delta x, \Delta y$, $\varepsilon$ and the {\it empirically unknown bosonic} ones with respect to present and future electroweak precision tests. The parameters $\Delta x$ and $\varepsilon$ are hardly affected by standard bosonic corrections, while the full one-loop results for $\Delta y$ differ appreciably from the ones obtained by taking into account fermion loops only. A detailed comparison with the experimental data on $\MWpm/\MZ$, $\bar\sw^2$, $\Gamma_l$ shows that these data start to become accurate enough to be sensitive to standard (bosonic) contributions to $\Delta y$ beyond fermion loops., Comment: 23 pages LATEX, 6 figures appended in uuencoded form; Bielefeld preprint BI-TP 94/09

The recent precision electroweak data on $\Gamma^l, \bar s^2_W$ and $M_W/M_Z$ are compared with the tree-level and the dominant-fermion-loop as well as the full one-loop standard-model predictions. While the tree-level predictions are ruled out, the dominant-fermion-loop predictions, defined by using $\alpha (M^2_Z)\cong 1/128.9$ in the tree-level formulae, as well as the full one-loop predictions are consistent with the experimental data. Deviations from the dominant-fermion-loop predictions are quantified in terms of an effective Lagrangian containing three additional parameters which have a simple meaning in terms of $SU(2)$ symmetry violation. The effective Lagrangian yields the standard one-loop predictions for specific values of these parameters, which are determined by $m_t$ and $m_H$., Comment: Preprint BI-TP 93/46 (September 1993), to be published in Phys. Lett. B, LaTeX, 10 pages, (figures are not included)