Search

Ulusal tarih anlayışından dolayı devletler tarih ders kitaplarında önceliği kendi millî tarihleri üzerine vermektedir. Ancak ortak geçmişe sahip, birbiriyle bağlantılı ve bölgesel anlamda yakın milletlerin tarihi olarak benzer yanları ve ortak geçmişleri bulunmaktadır. Bu olguyu kolaylaştıran bir öge de büyük coğrafyalara egemen olan tarihteki büyük devletlerdir. Bu anlamda Büyük Selçuklu Devleti gerek Türk tarihinde gerekse kurulduğu ve hâkimiyeti altındaki coğrafyada anılan bir devlet olma özelliğine sahiptir. Bu çalışmada günümüzde Selçuklu coğrafyasında yer alan İran, Azerbaycan, Türkmenistan, Irak ve Türkiye ortaokullarında yakın tarihlerde okutulan tarih ve sosyal bilgiler ders kitaplarındaki Selçuklu tarihi konularının içerik olarak analizi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada sosyal bilimlerde yaygın olarak kullanılan betimsel tarama yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Büyük Selçuklu Devleti’nin tarihi konuları dönemlere ayrılarak ders kitapları arasında karşılaştırma yapılmıştır. Ders kitaplarında Büyük Selçuklu tarihi üzerine; hangi konulara değinildiği ve belirtilenlerin nasıl bir imaj ile tasvir edildiği üzerinde durulmuştur. Tarihi konuların pekişmesi ve öğrencilerin başarı ölçümlerinin yapıldığı sorulara yer verilmiş mi, öğrencinin tarihi konuları daha iyi anlayabileceği okuma parçalarına ve görsellere yer verilmiş mi vb. soruların cevapları bulunmaya çalışılmıştır. Çalışmada elde edilen bulgular tablolaştırılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucunda; Malazgirt Savaşı gibi bazı temel konuların dışında yer alan bilgilerde, üzerinde durulan konularda ve ders kitaplarının öğretimsel düzeninde farklılıklar göze çarpmaktadır., Due to the understanding of national history, states give priority to their national history in history textbooks. However, nations with a common past, interconnected and regionally close have historically similar aspects and common pasts. Another factor that facilitates this phenomenon is the great states in history that dominated large geographies. In this sense, the Great Seljuk State has the feature of being a state that is mentioned both in Turkish history and in the geography where it was founded and under its rule. In this study, it is aimed to analyze the Seljuk history subjects in the history and social studies textbooks recently taught in Iran, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Iraq, and Turkey secondary schools located in the Seljuk geography. In the research the descriptive screening method, which is widely used in the social sciences, was used. The historical subjects of the Great Seljuk State were divided into periods and a comparison was made between the textbooks. On the history of the Great Seljuks in the textbooks, it has been focused on which subjects are mentioned and how the subjects are depicted with an image. Are questions that reinforce historical subjects and measure students' success included in the textbooks? Are there reading passages and visuals, where the student can better understand historical subjects, etc. The answers to the questions were sought. The results obtained in the study are tabulated. As a result of the study, there are differences in the information outside of some basic topics such as the Battle of Manzikert, the topics focused on, and the educational layout of textbooks.

The aim of this study is to investigatewhether students from 6 departments of the Faculty of Agriculture have adequateinformation about pesticides and their environmental effects. This study wascarried out in the third and fourth grades belonging to Süleyman DemirelUniversity Agricultural Faculty, Plant Protection, Field Horticulture,Agricultural Economics, Agricultural Biotechnology, Soil Science and PlantFeeding Departments in 2017-2018 education period. Survey was conducted on atotal of 64 questions, 32 for diagnostic criteria for harmful organisms, 25 forpesticides and 7 for environmental effects of these pesticides. 60 questionsthat were not open ended were evaluated and the right answer was scored as"1". When the average score was taken into consideration, the PlantProtection Department (42,68 ± 7,20) was ranked first, followed by AgriculturalBiotechnology (32,44 ± 8,01), Field Crops (31,33 ± 4,27) Agricultural Economy(29,25 ± 6,78), Soil Science and Plant Nutrition (27,10 ± 7,06) and Departmentof Horticulture (21,19 ± 9,44). This study is the first study about thepre-graduation knowledge levels of students about the harmful organisms,diagnostic criteria, pesticides and the environmental effects of thesepesticides, and it is believed that it is necessary to repeat this researchperiodically at all the departments that have been training in AgriculturalEngineering., Pestisitlerinbilinçsiz ve kontrolsüz kullanımı sonucu zararlı organizmalarda dirençgelişmesi ve kalıntılar yoluyla insan sağlığına ve çevreye olumsuz etkileriortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Ziraat Fakültesi bünyesinde yer alan 6bölüme ait öğrencilerin pestisitler ve bunların çevre üzerindeki etkilerihakkında yeterli bilgi birimine sahip olup olmadıklarını araştırmaktır. Buçalışma, 2017-2018 eğitim ve öğretim döneminde Süleyman Demirel ÜniversitesiZiraat Fakültesi Bahçe Bitkileri, Bitki Koruma, Tarla Bitkileri, TarımEkonomisi, Tarımsal Biyoteknoloji, Toprak Bilimi ve Bitki Besleme bölümlerineait 3. ve 4. Sınıfta bulunan toplam 146 öğrenci üzerinde, zararlıorganizmaların teşhis kriterleri için 32, pestisitler için 25 ve bupestisitlerin çevre üzerindeki etkileri için 7 adet soru olmak üzere toplamda64 sorudan oluşan bir anket uygulanarak yürütülmüştür. Açık uçlu olmayan 60soru değerlendirmeye alınmış, doğru yanıt “1” olarak puanlanarak değerlendirmeyapılmıştır. Puan ortalamaları ele alındığında ilk sırada Bitki Koruma Bölümü(42,68±7,20) yer alırken, sırası ile Tarımsal Biyoteknoloji (32,44±8,01), TarlaBitkileri (31,33±4,27), Tarım Ekonomisi (29,25±6,78), Toprak Bilimi ve BitkiBesleme (27,10±7,06) ve Bahçe Bitkileri Bölümü (21,19±9,44) gelmektedir. Tarımalanında çalışan bireyler bitki koruma ürünlerinin çevre ve insan sağlığıüzerindeki etkileri ile ilgili eğitilmelidirler. Bu çalışmada yer verilenzararlı organizmalar, teşhis kriterleri, pestisitler ve bu pestisitlerin çevreüzerindeki etkileri konuları hakkında öğrencilerin mezuniyet öncesi bilgiseviyelerinin ölçümü ile ilgili ilk çalışma olup, Ziraat Mühendisliği eğitimiverilen tüm fakültelerde belirli aralıklarda bu araştırmanın tekrarlanmasınıngerekli olduğuna inanılmaktadır.

The main purpose of this paper is to give explicit relations and identities for the parametric type Bernoulli polynomials. Further, we give some relations for the generalized Bernoulli polynomials. The present investigation was supported, by the Scientific Research Project Administration of Akdeniz University. Publisher's Version

Yeryüzü kaynaklarının araştırılması ve incelenmesi araştırmacılar için her zaman ilgi çekici bir konu olmuştur. Bu araştırmaların daha geniş ölçekli ve verimli yapılabilmesi için ilk yer gözlem uydusu olan LANDSAT-1 yörüngeye fırlatılmış ve uydu görüntüleri ile çalışmalar başlamıştır.LANDSAT-1 'in yörüngeye fırlatılmasından bu yana birçok optik uydu daha yörüngeye fırlatılmıştır. Yörüngeye gönderilen her bir uyduda daha gelişmiş optik algılayıcılara yer verilmiştir. Ancak teknolojik kısıtlamalar ve gelişmiş algılayıcı üretimindeki yüksek maliyetler nedeniyle optik uydularda hem farklı frekans aralıklarını algılayarak yüksek spektral bilgi sağlayan hem de yüksek mekânsal çözünürlük sunan algılayıcı kullanımı tercih edilmemektedir. Bunun yerine sadece yüksek mekânsal çözünürlük sunan algılayıcılar ile sadece yüksek spektral bilgi sunan algılayıcıların beraber kullanımı benimsenmiştir.Optik bir uydudan elde edilen tek bantlı fakat yüksek mekânsal çözünürlüğe sahip olan pankromatik görüntü ile çok bantlı fakat düşük mekânsal çözünürlüğe sahip görüntü birleştirilerek hem yüksek mekânsal çözünürlüğe sahip hem de yüksek spektral bilgiye sahip görüntü elde etmek görüntü birleştirme yöntemleri ile mümkündür. Ancak bu görüntü birleştirme yöntemlerinde hem hesaplama maliyeti hem de birleştirme kalitesi açısından sorunlar vardır.Bu çalışma kapsamında paralel programlama ve yerel Fourier filtreleri kullanılarak en iyi ve en hızlı görüntü birleştirme algoritmalarının oluşturulması, oluşturulan bu algoritmaların hesaplama maliyetleri ve birleştirme kalitesi açısından karşılaştırılarak detaylı analizlerin ortaya koyulması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultuda modülasyon tabanlı yöntemlerden Brovey dönüşümü, bileşen değişimi yöntemlerinden IHS dönüşümü ve CIE L*a*b* dönüşümü, çoklu çözünürlük analizi yöntemlerinden HFM, frekans uzayı analizi yöntemlerinden DFT ve karma yöntem olarak DFT + IHS dönüşümü ile DFT + CIE L*a*b* dönüşümleri kullanılarak görüntü birleştirme yapılmıştır. Ayrıca çeşitli Fourier uzayı süzgeçleri ve histogram eşleme yöntemleri kullanılarak birleştirme başarımının arttırılması amaçlanmıştır.Bu çalışmada görüntü birleştirme için SPOT 6 uydusu tarafından algılanan tek bant pankromatik ve üç bant multispektral görüntüler kullanılmıştır. Kocaeli Gebze bölgesine ait şehir görüntüsü, İstanbul kuzey ormanlarına ait orman görüntüsü ve Urfa kırsal bölgesine ait tarım arazisi görüntüsü olarak sınıflandırılmış üç veri seti üzerinde çalışmalar gerçekleştirilmiştir.Elde edilen birleştirilmiş görüntüler topluluk tarafından kabul edilmiş yaygın kullanıma sahip olan kalite değerlendirme yöntemleri ile test edilmiştir.Bu çalışma ile farklı bölgelere ait farklı fiziksel özelliklere sahip uydu görüntülerinin yerel Fourier filtreleri kullanılarak en başarılı görüntü birleştirme yöntemlerinin bant tabanlı paralel programlama ile daha hızlı çalışmasını sağlayacak algoritmanın oluşturulması ve oluşturulan bu algoritmaların hesaplama maliyetleri ve birleştirme kalitesi açısından karşılaştırılarak detaylı analizlerin ortaya konması hedeflenmiştir. Research on earth surface resources is always one of the most popular topics in society. First modern remote sensing applications started during Cold War between U.S.A and S.S.C.B for determining soviet military activity in Cuba in 1960s. After that, researches in remote sensing was spreaded and technics ares developed. In purpose of having more accurate and useful researches on remote sensing, LANDSAT-1 was launched into orbit in 1972. After launching LANDSAT-1 into orbit, researchers started to work with satellite images.Many optical satellites also were launched into orbit after LANDSAT-1 was launched. Each optical satellite had more technologically developed sensors than launched before that. However, having a single sensor that provides both high spectral information gathered in several frequency ranges and high spatial resolution is hard in meaning of financial and technology. Because of that reason, different approach is accepted in optical satellites. Optical satellites have two type of sensor. One of these sensors provides high spectral information and other provides high spatial resolution.The sensor, which provides high spatial resolution, generates panchromatic image. Panchromatic image consists of only one band. The sensor, which provides high spectral information, generates multispectral image. Multispectral image consists many bands but resolution of multispectral image is lower than panchromatic image. Fusion of panchromatic and multispectral image gives us a fused image named as pansharpened image that has both high spectral information and high spatial resolution. Although pansharpened image has high spectral information and high resolution, there are some problems must be handled like fused image quality and compute time.In purpose of achieving to have high quality fused image, several image fusion methods used in this study. These methods can be summoned to five main categories. Used fusion methods are Brovey transformation that is one of the modulation based methods, IHS transformation and CIE L*a*b* transformation that are in component substitution methods, HFM that is one of the multi resolution analysis methods, DFT methods that is one of the frequency domain analysis methods, DFT + IHS transformation and DFT + CIE L*a*b* transformation from hybrid methods.Brovey method is a modulation based image fusion algorithm. This method is a very simple methods. The fact that Brovey method 's calculations do not have complex equations, it does not require much computational resources. Pansharpanned images that are made using Brovey method have low image quality and low parallel computing performance.IHS transformation method is one of the component substitution based methods. IHS is a color space. Multispectral images in RGB color space can be transformed into IHS color space using IHS transformation matrices. In this study, this transformation matrices are reorganized and simplified. So that computational performance increased. However, because of this method has limited band independent calculations, parallel computing performance has low scores in this study.CIE L*a*b* transformation method is another component substitution based method used in this study. CIE L*a*b* is also a color space similar to IHS. An image in RGB color space cannot be transformed directly into CIE L*a*b* color space unlike an image in IHS color space. Firstly, The image in RGB color space has to be transformed into XYZ color space, then it can be transformed into CIE L*a*b* color space. The CIE L*a*b* method has many band independent calculations. So that applying parallel computing in this methods results in a high computing performance score.The HFM fusion method is a simple algorithm that is applied in Fourier domain. Pansharpenned images that are made using HFM methods has low image quality scores despite the fact that the method has high parallel computing score.DFT method is a frequency analysis method. It basic principal is filtering frequency components of panchromatic and multispectral images and combining them. Panchromatic image has high spatial information. This spatial information is concentrated in higher frequency components in Fourier domain. Multispectral image has high spectral information. This spectral information is concentrated in lower frequency components in Fourier domain. Spatial information of panchromatic image can be obtained using local high pass filters and spectral information of multispectral image can be obtained using local low pass filters. Summing of these frequency components gives pansharpenned image. DFT method has good scores on both image quality and parallel computing performance.DFT fusion method can be combined with conventional methods like IHS and CIE L*a*b*. Combination of DFT method and conventional methods is named as hybrid methods. In this study, DFT + IHS and DFT + CIE L*a*b* methods are used. Both fusion methods has good image quality and good parallel computing performance. But DFT + IHS hybrid fusion method has slightly better image quality than others.In this study, band based multi-threaded parallel programing approach applied to achieve to decrease computation time. Tasks of each multispectral bands shared by individual threads. Thanks to multi-threaded parallel programming, computation time significantly decreased. Fusion methods that have more independent band related tasks have more successful results than others did.In addition, some frequency domain filters like ideal filter, Gaussian filter, Butterworth filter, Hanning window and Hamming window are used to filter information from panchromatic and multispectral images. To increase fusion quality, histogram-matching operation applied in fusion methods.SPOT 6 panchromatic and multispectral imagery dataset is used in this study. Dataset consists of three image pairs that have different geographic characteristics. First image pair is city image from city Gebze of Kocaeli in Turkey. Second image pair is forest image which covers little piece of Istanbul North Forest in Turkey. Third image pair is an agricultural filed from Urfa city in Turkey.Fused images are analyzed using quality testing methods like SAM, RMSE, ERGAS and RASE which are commonly used by society.In this study, it is aimed that to speed up best fusion algorithms that use local Fourier filters and band based parallel programming for optical satellite images which has different geographic characteristics and also aimed to show detailed analysis of compute and image quality. 95

Objective: Bullying that influences health and manyhealth related behaviors in adolescences can lead to negative changes on theirbehaviors even in the later periods of life. The aim of this study is toevaluate the cases of exposure to bullying, depression, anxiety state,relations with the family and school success among the students in a middleschool in Adana.Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried outamong middle school students at 6th, 7th and 8thgrade in the city of Adana. The survey form applied to the students includedsocio-demographic attributes, Child Depression Scale, STAI Scale, CaliforniaBullying Victimization Scale, Family Assessment Scale and Conners TeacherRating Scale.Results: The number of students at 6th, 7thand 8th grade was 53 (44,5%), 29 (24,4%) and 37 (31,1%) respectively. 33 of the students (27,7%) in the study were victims of peer bullying.Students who were subject to violence at home, at lower year levels and withnon-graduate mothers were more exposed to bullying. The ones exposed tobullying were detected to have high levels of depression anxiety andhyperactivity. Discussion: School bullying is an issue which iscommon all over the world and should not be underestimated. This study hasascertained that children exposed to bullying have high levels of anxiety andincidence of depression, also these children were found to be more hyperactive., Amaç: Ergenlerde sağlık ve birçoksağlıkla ilgili davranışları etkileyen zorbalık, yaşamın sonraki dönemlerindebile davranışlarda olumsuz değişikliğe neden olabilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı,Adana'daki ortaokul öğrencilerinde zorbalık, depresyon, kaygı durumu, aileyleilişkiler ve okul başarısı ile ilgili olguların değerlendirilmesidir.Yöntem: Kesitsel tipteki bu çalışma, Adanailinde 6., 7. ve 8. sınıflarda ortaokul öğrencileri arasında yürütülmüştür.Öğrencilere uygulanan anket formu, sosyodemografik özellikler, Çocuk DepresyonÖlçeği, Durumluk Kaygı Ölçeği, Kaliforniya Zorbalık Mağduriyet Ölçeği, AileDeğerlendirme Ölçeği ve Öğretmenlik Derecelendirme Ölçeği'dir.Bulgular: 6., 7. ve 8. sınıf öğrencilerininsayısı sırasıyla 53 (% 44,5), 29 (% 24,4) ve 37 (% 31,1) idi. Araştırmada 33öğrenci (% 27,7) akran zorbalığı kurbanıydı. Evde şiddete maruz kalan, dahadüşük sınıfta okuyan ve anneleri okulbitirmemiş olan öğrenciler, zorbalığa daha çok maruz kalmıştı. Zorbalığa maruzkalanlarda yüksek düzeyde depresyon, kaygı ve hiperaktivite saptanmıştır.Tartışma: Okul zorbalığı, tüm dünyada yaygınolan ve göz ardı edilmemesi gereken bir konudur. Bu çalışma, zorbalığa maruzkalan çocukların yüksek düzeyde kaygı ve depresyon sıklığı taşıdığını ve buçocukların daha hiperaktif olduklarını tespit etmiştir.

Aim:The meaning of the metaphor, 'to explain something more clearly' has been thesubject of many field work, especially education. AIDS; when the concept isexamined in terms of social identity loaded; awareness, prejudice, lack ofinformation, etc. In this study, it was aimed to reveal the metaphors of thestudents of Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University Faculty of Medicine on theconcept of AIDS and to determine the cognitive structures. Method:The raw data obtained by completing each of the students' "AIDS is like.......... because ..." was analyzed using qualitative data analysistechniques. Free word association test was also used to collect the data. Theobtained data were divided into categories according to the content analysis.Results: According to the findings of the research, students produced a totalof 98 valid metaphors regarding the concept of "AIDS". Thesemetaphors were then grouped into 5 different conceptual categories, which wereexamined in terms of their common features. In particular, these fiveconceptual categories did not differ significantly in terms of the presence ofAIDS patients in the family or in the immediate vicinity. According to theanalysis results, a total of 10 categories were determined by free word associationtest. In this context, it has been determined that the cognitive structuresrelated to AIDS of physician candidates concentrate mostly in the categories of"AIDS transmission routes". At the end of the study, relatedproposals were mentioned.Conclusions:The results indicate that the cognitive structures of the candidates of AIDSshould be developed more consciously and purposefully. Today, AIDS is a diseasethat threatens every individual in the world. Careful planning of theeducational process is necessary., Amaç: Anlamı, ‘bir şeyidaha anlaşılır olanla açıklamak’ olan metafor kelimesi başta eğitim olmak üzerepek çok alanda çalışma konusu olmuştur. Edinsel BağışıklıkYetmezliği Sendromu [Acquired Immun Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)], kavrama yüklenentoplumsal kimlik açısından irdelendiğinde; farkındalık, önyargı, bilgieksikliği gibi pek çok alanda aşılması gereken sorunları barındıran birhastalıktır. Bu çalışmada, Ankara Yıldırım BeyazıtÜniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi öğrencilerinin AIDS kavramına ilişkin sahipoldukları metaforları ortaya çıkarmak ve bilişsel yapılarını tespit etmekamaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Öğrencilerin herbirinin “AIDS ........ gibidir, çünkü .......” ibaresini tamamlamasıyla eldeedilen ham veriler, nitel veri çözümleme teknikleri kullanılarak analizedilmiştir. Verilerin toplanmasında bağımsız kelime ilişkilendirmetesti de kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler içerik analizine göredeğerlendirilerek kategorilere ayrılmıştır. Bulgular: Araştırmada,öğrenciler “AIDS” kavramına ilişkin olarak toplam 98 adetgeçerli metafor üretmiştir. Bu metaforlar daha sonra ortak özellikleribakımından irdelenerek 6 farklı kavramsal kategori altında toplanmıştır. Sözkonusu bu 6 kavramsal kategori ailede ya da yakın çevrede AIDS hastası bulunmadurumları bakımından önemli derecede farklılık göstermemiştir.Analiz sonuçlarına göre, bağımsız kelime ilişkilendirme testiyle toplam 10kategori belirlenmiştir. Bu kapsamda hekim adaylarının AIDS ile ilgili bilişselyapılarının en fazla “AIDS’in bulaşma yolları” kategorilerinde yoğunlaştığıtespit edilmiştir. Sonuç: Elde edilensonuçlar hekim adaylarının AIDS kavramına yönelik bilişsel yapılarının dahabilinçli ve amaçlı olarak geliştirilmesi gerektiğine işaret etmektedir.Günümüzde, AIDS’in tüm dünyadaki her bireyi tehdit eden bir hastalık olduğu gözardı edilmeyerek eğitim sürecinin dikkatlice planlanması gerekmektedir.

Recently, the degenerate Bernoulli numbers and polynomials and the degenerate Euler numbers and polynomials have been studied by several authors. In this paper, we consider the modified Apostol-Bernoulli polynomials and the modified Apostol-Euler polynomials. We give explicit relation for the modified degenerate Bernoulli polynomials and the modified degenerate Euler polynomials. Also, we prove some identities between the modified Apostol-Bernoulli polynomials and the degenerate Stirling numbers of two kinds., Son yıllar da dejenere Bernoulli sayıları, polinomları ve dejenere Euler sayıları, polinomlarını birçok yazarlar tarafından çalışılıyor. Bu makale de modifiye Apostol-Bernoulli polinomları ve modifiye Apostol-Euler polinomlarını tanımladık. Modifiye dejenere Bernoulli polinomları ve modifiye dejenere Euler polinomları için kesin bağıntı verdik. Ayrıca, ikinci çeşit dejenere Stirling sayıları ve modifiye Apostol-Bernoulli polinomları arasında bazı özellikler ispatlandı.

Objective:The aim of this study is; to investigate theknowledge, attitudes and behaviors of primary health care providers againstorgan donation.Materialsand Methods: This research is a cross-sectional descriptivestudy. After obtaining the necessary permits, Public Health Agencyof Turkey sent questionnaire form by internet from 21 June to 31 August 2017 toall primary health care workers in Konya province. A total of 1125 participantsparticipated in the target group of 1400 (80.4%). SPSS program was usedin the statistical evaluation of the data.Results: The rate of those who think that they hadsufficient information about organ donation was 52.4%. 55.6% informed aboutorgan donation from textbooks and seminars, 49,1% from internet and 43,1% fromtelevision. 47.1% were considering organ donation. However, only 6.8% werefound to have organs donated. 70.1% stated that they would accept organtransplantation.Conclusion:Healthcare workers have a key role inincreasing organ donation due to close communication with patients and theirrelatives. It seems possible to increase the activities in this area by knowingthe approach of health workers to organ donation., Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı; birinci basamak sağlıkçalışanlarının organ bağışına karşı bilgi, tutum ve davranışlarınıaraştırmaktır.Gereç veYöntem: Bu çalışma, kesitsel tipte tanımlayıcı bir araştırmadır. Gerekli izinler alındıktan sonra, anket formu Türkiye Halk SağlığıKurumu tarafından 21 Haziran-31 Ağustos 2017 tarihleri internetüzerinden Konya ilinde çalışan tüm birinci basamak sağlık çalışanlarınagönderilmiştir. Toplam1400 kişilik hedef kitleden 1125’i katılım sağlamıştır (%80,4) Verilerin istatistikseldeğerlendirilmesinde SPSS programı kullanılmıştır. Bulgular:Organ bağışı hakkında yeterli bilgisiolduğunu düşünenlerin oranı %52,4 idi. %55,6’sı organ bağışı ile ilgilibilgilerini ders kitabı ve seminerlerden, %49,1’i internetten ve %43,1’i detelevizyondan edindiklerini bildirmişti. %47,1’i organ bağışında bulunmayıdüşünüyordu. Buna rağmen sadece %6,8’inin organ bağışında bulunmuştu. %70,1’ikendisine organ nakli yapılmasını kabul edeceğini beyan ediyordu.Sonuç: Sağlık çalışanları hasta ve hasta yakınlarıile olan yakın iletişimlerinden dolayı organ bağışının arttırılmasıçalışmalarında anahtar role sahiptirler. Sağlık çalışanlarının organ bağışıkonusuna yaklaşımlarının bilinmesi ile bu alandaki etkinliklerini artırmakmümkün olabilecek gibi görünmektedir.

Radiationhas two sources as natural and artificial. Basically environment contains aquantity of radiation. We are exposed to radiation even from air, food andother natural environments. For the measurement of the exposure, themillisievert (mSv) term is used.The ionizing radiation form is the more dangerous type and causes nucleardamage in the cells. As a result of this damage, mutations may occur.Sensitivity to radiation is different according to the types of tissues. Cellswith more reproductive activity are more sensitive to X-rays. For example,radiation in pregnancy may cause serious anomalies such as fetal birth defects,adult or childhood cancers, and mental retardation.Medical imaging laboratories and other medical workers, security officers inbaggage imaging, workers at nuclear facilities, pilots and flight crewincluding radon exposure in miners are part of occupational exposure.Protection: The International Commission on Radiological Protection recommendslimiting occupational radiation exposure to 50 mSv (5 rem) per year and 100 mSv(10 rem) over 5 years. Occupational exposures in our country have beenofficially restricted in accordance with this requirement. For this reason, itis very important to use a dosimeter suitable for the position of the person.ALARA "As Low As Reasonably Achievable" principle used to reduceoccupational exposures, also used to reduce radiation exposure;Time: Decreasing the exposure time will directly reduce the dose.Distance: Increasing the distance with the radiation source will reduce theradiation to the square of the distance.Shielding: According to the type of radiation, it is an effective way ofreducing exposure.In addition, with good hygiene practices, we can reduce exposure to radioactiveenvironment by minimizing contamination by food, beverages and labelingmethods.Keywords:exposure,occupational, radiation

Objective:As a result of exposure to biocidal products, various acute and chronic healthproblems are known to occur. In agricultural areas, this exposure is higher.Our aim is to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and behavior about the productsin product sellers in Havutlu district of Adana province where biocides areheavily used.Methods: A questionnaire consisting of 16 questions was applied to a total of62 individuals by interview with biocidal sellers in the Havutlu district ofAdana province. The type of study is descriptive. SPSS 19.0 was used in theanalysis of data.Results: The average age of participants is 40.3, the youngest participant is20 years old, the oldest is 60 years old. When asked about an ideal biocidal,31 people (50%) stated that it should be harmless to human and other organisms.All participants think biocidal products are harmful to human health. 29participants (46.8%) participated in the training program on biocides, and 33(53.2%) did not anytime before. In the biocidal product sellers, 52 of them(83.9%) reported that they informed the buyer and 10 (16.1%) did not. 44 of thesellers (71%) followed legal developments related to biocides and 18 sellers(29%) could not. While 56 people (90,3%) read the content of the products, 6(9,7%) do not read it. Conclusion: Biocidal product sellers are playing a major role in marketing bothproducts, as well as in consumers' use and in the cycle as primary usersthemselves. Therefore, participation in training programs, having a sufficientlevel of knowledge, transferring them to the consumer and pursuing legaldevelopments are very important for the protection of the health of workers andconsumers.Keywords:biocidal,occupational health, sellers&nbsp

Deathsoriginating from excessive, intense and overworked work were first described inJapan in the late 1970s, so the literature was referred to in Japanese as"karoshi". Such that, people who end up suffering from brainhemorrhage or heart attack are losing their lives in Japan due to long andheavy working conditions. Karoshi is death of worker depending on working foraverage of 65 hours or more per week for 4 weeks or more, or 60 hours or moreper week for 8 weeks for more.Symptoms include extreme fatigue, headache, headache, malaise, flu symptoms,and neck pain. As it is understood from these indications, the existence ofkaroshi cases is closely related to physical and mental fatigue, working latehours, not enough rest.When karoshi cases were examined, all workers without gender, white / bluecollar distinction were found to have similar karoshi risk. Health workers,metal and chemical workers, restaurant-hotel employees,bank-advertising-newspaper-office workers, teachers, truck drivers, call centeremployees are considered as important risk groups.In Japan, 328 workers died in 2005 due to karoshi. In New York City, the numberof compensation cases from karoshi is about 200 to 300 every year. There areover 2,000 cases in South Korea.In Turkey, 48 workers died in 2013, 121 in 2014, 155 in 2014, and 68 workers inthe first four months of 2016 lost their lives by having a heart attack orbrain hemorrhage. According to this, it is thought that the deaths caused by"possible karoshi" have increased rapidly in the last four years.What to do to prevent karoshi:1. Reduce working hours and excessive work,2. Provide adequate medical support and treatment,3. Promote an active and effective dialogue among workers and to provide anefficient and healthy working environment for the employer.Keywords:overwork,death, causes

TheCrimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever is common in eastern and western Africa and iscaused by RNA virus. Carriers are mostly hyalomonic tick species. The firstcase was seen in Crimea in 1944. The disease was first seen in 2002 in Turkey.The disease can be transmitted by ticks or by contact with blood, tissues andsecretions of infected patients or animals. Hemorrhage and agitation are seenafter 3-5 days of flu-like symptoms. It is reported that the mortality rate ofthe disease is around 10%. According to the health ministry; in 12 years therewere 440 deaths in 9069 cases. The case-mortality rate is 4.85%.There is no FDA-approved specific treatment, but symptomatic treatments areavailable. The use of ribavirin is controversial. Therefore, protection in riskgroups is gaining importance.In our country, the north of the Central Anatolia Region and the south of theBlack Sea Region are frequently encountered. Risk groups in terms of diseaseare; Farmers, livestock farmers, butchers, slaughterhouse workers,veterinarians, health personnel and patient relatives.Those living in this area and those engaged in agriculture should be consciousand the following measures should be taken;1- Outdoor workers and agricultural workers should wear fully covered and lightcolored clothes,2- The risk group should check for ticks in the body when they return home,3- The tick card should be distributed to the people working and living in theregion,4- If the person cant pull out the tick when noticed, he should apply to adoctor immediately,5- In April and October, when the farms are active, agricultural workers mustbe examined,6- Protective chemicals against ticks and insecticides should be used incertain areas where the ticks are dense.Keywords:agriculturalworkers, crimean congo hemorrhagic fever, measures

TheInternational Labor Organization (ILO) has defined psychosocial factors as"interactions between job satisfaction, business organization andmanagement, environmental and organizational conditions and workers' expertiseand needs".Job stress is harmful physical and emotional responses that occur when there isa mismatch between the needs of the worker and the skills, resources, or needsof a worker who changes the psychological and / or physical behaviors thatdiverge from the normal functions of the individual.Stress is the second most common health problem after work-relatedmusculoskeletal disorders. Work stress can affect the state of well being andproduction capacity.According to a survey conducted across Turkey, more than half of employees(59%) stated that their stress levels had risen in the last year. The mainreasons for working stress in Turkey are business (61%), customers (44%) andindividual finance (42%). 66% of respondents said that working flexibly reducesstress.Potential sources of work stress are:• Environmental factors (physical, technical, general environment)• Organizational factors (Task, role, structure, participation, leadership, rules)• Individual factors (incompetence, family, death, divorce, lack of money)• Individual differences (work experience, personality, age, gender, socialeconomic status)As a result of them:• Physiological manifestations (Headache, heart, blood pressure)• Psychological symptoms (sleep deprivation, depression, dissatisfaction)• Behavioral symptoms (discomfort, accident, alcohol consumption)• Organizational symptoms (absenteeism, reduced performance) arise.Measures to be taken in the fight against work stress of employees:1. Identifying stress sources correctly2. Reducing and eliminating stress sources3. Providing employees with stress experience4. Giving employees information about stress results5. Helping to be more effective in struggle with stressKeywords:workpsychology, stress, coping

Introductionand Purpose: Health workers are at occupational risk due to the work they do.The purpose ofthis study is;to investigate the occupational risks of family health workersworking in Adana province.Materials-Methods: Our survey was applied to family health workers who worked in provinces anddistricts in Adana.461 people(86.1%)from 535 employees participated in oursurvey.16 participants(3.5%)were male and 445(96.5%)were female. The averageage of the respondents was 38.6±7.1.Of the respondents,11(2.4%)said work affected their health were very positively,86(18.7%)were positively,94(20.4%)no changes,230(49.9%)were adversely,40(8.7%)were veryadversely affected.242 people(52.5%)had illnesses or complaints that they thought originated fromwork. Seven people(5.9%)were worried about job accidents,53(11.5%)were worriedlowly,226(49.0%) were middlely and 155(33.6%)were highly.When asked about status of risk and sense of safety against theaccident,151(32.8%) answered no,54(11.7%)were low,210(45.6%)were middle and46(10%)high.265 people(57.5%)were injured with cutting-piercing-sinking objects whileworking.During these injuries,165 people used personal protective equipment.182 people answered yes(39.5%)and 279 people gave no(60.5%)when they werequestioned about the status of exposure to blood and other body fluids duringthe study. There was no significant difference between men and women in termsof exposure(p = 0.493).When asked about exposure to violence at work,198 people(43%)answered yes, and263 people(57%)gave no response.196 people(42.5%)were exposed to verbal attacksand 44 people(9.5%) were exposed to physical violence and ill-treatment.Therewas no significant relationship between gender and both physical and verbalexposure(p>0.05).When we assess the relationship between age and exposure toviolence, young workers under 30 are more exposed to violence(p = 0.028).Whenwe looked at the relationship between verbal aggression and age, verbalviolence exposure was significantly higher in young people(p=0.045).There wasno significant relationship between physical violence and age(p>0.05).Conclusion: All healthcare professionals are at occupational risk.Especiallyyoung employees are more sensitive to occupational risks and need to be carefulwhen working.Keywords:workaccident, violence, health&nbsp

Itis reported that the majority of the world-wide working population is involvedin the agricultural sector by the international working organization. InTurkey, about 19% of the workforce with 26 million 275 thousand employees isagricultural labor force.Agricultural work can bring various health problems. Allergic diseasesincluding respiratory system diseases and dermatological problems are commonhealth problems. Major allergic risks in the agricultural environment are;Organic-inorganic powders, chemicals, gases, pollen and some infections.Cereal dusts, fungal antigens, dust mites and organic phosphorus insecticides,organic dusts causeallergic asthma and allergic rhinitis. Actinomycetes andaspergillusin moldy hay and cereals cause hypersensitivity pneumonia (farmer'slung). Dry fertilizers, vegetables and pesticides are the causes of contactdermatitis. Agricultural workers exposed to pesticides intensively; has highrisk of allergic contact dermatitis.In the study of Mazurek JM et al., 5.1% of farm workers had asthma; 15.4% ofthem were related to the farm environment and 33.3% of those who had asthmaattack in the previous 12 months had a crisis during farm work.Michel S et al. found that exposure to farm media factors in children withgenetic predisposition may affect DNA methylation; It is emphasized that it mayplay an important role in the emergence of asthma and atopic diseases.ResultAllergic diseases commonly found in all societies; is one of the importantproblems in terms of public health because it is both occupational disease andprotectable. Protecting agricultural workers against risks as it is thoughtthat the majority of the world's working population is in agriculture; is animportant approach to protecting public health.Keywords:agriculturalworkers, allergy, occupational diseases&nbsp

Objective:Theaim of this study is to determine the sources of chronic stress in the workingenvironment.Method: After the necessary official permissions were obtained, studywas carried out in Adana/Karatas between March and June 2016. Karatas districtcenter has 6580 population over 18 years of age and we reached to 363 peoplewith systematic sampling. Questionnaire and short symptom inventoryquestionnaires were applied by the researcher using face-to-face interviewmethod. The data were analyzed on computer using the SPSS 19 program. P

Endocrinedisruptors are mixtures of exogenous substances or substances that alter thedevelopment and function of the endocrine system. These substances effect onhormone production, release, attachment, transport, activity, destruction andbody excretion.Compounds with endocrine disrupting effect can be examined in three groups.1. Synthetic endocrine disruptors are found in some products used in theindustry, agriculture and at home. Diethylstilbestrol(DES) is the most known.2. Natural endocrine disruptors do not usually cause significant side effectsbecause they are excreted in the body without accumulating in the tissues. 3. Environmental endocrine disruptors are chemicals and various environmentalpollutants developed for use in the industrial field. Enviromental pollutantsdeveloped of the mineralization of biocides, intecticides, herbicides,fungicides, industrial chemicals (bisphenol A, polyvinyl carbon ) and otherchemicals get involved in this group.The studies show that endocrine disruptors have different effect mechanisms andpathogenesis on many periods of women’s life, from puberty to menopause.(Diamanti-Kandarakis et al.,2010)Endocrine disruptors in women can lead to early/late puberty, polycystic ovarysyndrome, decreased fertility, infertility, endometriosis, early ovaryinsufficiency, uterine tumors, aneuploidia, pregnancy complications, breasttumors and endometrial tumors. (Diamanti-Kandarakis et al.,2009)The studies show that endocrine disruptors can be lead to infertility, declinein sperm quality, urogenital tumors (hypospadias, cryptorchidism) andtesticular germ cell tumors.(Sharpe and Skakkabaek et al.,2003)Many studies have shown that endocrine disruptors have health-damaging effects.Many endocrine disruptors have the ability to accumulate in our body as theycan be stored in the fat tissue. Today, it is impossible to be completelyprotect against endocrine disrupting agents. For this reason, lifestyle changesbecome important in order to minimize the effects of endocrine disruptors onour health.Adequate and balanced nutritional habits should be developed to protect againstthe effects of endocrine disruptors.Keywords:Endocrine,Disruptors, Reproductive System&nbsp

Introductionand Aim: Today,health workers are facing different business risks due to nature of work theyare doing, as well as business risks they are exposed to in other sectors. Thisstudy was planned to identify occupational risks to health workers and tocontribute to planning of health services for health workers.Method: Population of study consisted of a community health center inAkçadağ district of Malatya and all health personnel working in four familyhealth centers. It is aimed to reach all personnel without using any samplingmethod. A questionnaire of 19 questions was applied to all employees.Findings: Of 49 health personnel participating in study,10 werephysicians, 28 were midwives or nurses, 7 were health officers, 3 were medicalsecretaries, and 1 was a servant.Of 11 people (22.4%) who had disease or complaint that they thought were due towork, 5 (45.4%) complained with psychological problems and stress,3 (27.3%)waist and neck stool, 2 (18.2%) varicosis, 1 (9.1%) muscle pain.Within past year;11 (22.4%) had experienced cutter-penetrating sunken object injury. 6 of them(54.5%) were needle punctures, 4 (36.4%) bulb incisions, and 1 (9.1%) weresurgical instrument injuries.8 (16.3%) were exposed to transmission. 6 of them (75%) had blood, 1 (12.5%)had spit, 1 (12.5%) had contact with feces, leap and so on.5 (10.2%) were exposed to violence in workplace.All of these were verbalattacks and threats from patient and their relatives.Only 1 (2.0%) was exposed to situations of workplace slips, falls etc.Conclusion: Since health of health worker is also considered as a factoraffecting health of community, it is suggested that a wide range ofoccupational health and safety practices, including public and private healthsector, which is determined by national laws and procedures, is urgentlyreviewed.Keywords:Primarycare, health worker, occupational risk