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Various nanoparticles have been used to increase the heat transfer characteristics (HTC) of nanofluids in the heated tube. The use of various shapes of the same nanoparticle can have major impact on the HTC. In this study, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of the impact of particle shape (Brick and Platelet) and Reynolds (Re) number (4,500, 6,000, 7,500, and 9,000) on the HTC of nanofluid in the heated tube was carried out in accordance with Taguchi method. Heat transfer coefficient, Nusselt (Nu) number, performance evaluation criteria, and average static pressure drop were chosen as HTC. CFD analyses for 1% Fe3O4 nanofluids in ANSYS Fluent software were performed in accordance with L8 orthogonal array. Particle shape and Re number were selected as the first and second factors, respectively. Signal/noise analysis was used to decide optimum levels and impact direction on HTC for each factor, whereas analysis of variance was implemented to define the importance levels and percentage impact ratios of the factors. According to the results obtained from the study, the nanofluids with platelet nanoparticles have a higher impact on the heat transfer coefficient compared to Brick nanoparticles. Although the increase in the Re number causes an increase in the heat transfer coefficient, Nu number, and average static pressure drop, it does not have any effect on the performance evaluation criteria. The results obtained from this study can be used as a guidance for experimental studies.

The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) is one of the most widely consulted reference works that define international standards for the learning, teaching, and assessment of languages. Since its appearance in 2001, the CEFR has been translated into more than 40 languages, including Turkish, making it the second most-translated document of the Council of Europe (CoE) after the European Convention of Human Rights. The CEFR was complemented by the Companion Volume with New Descriptors in 2018. This provisional version was later replaced by the CEFR Companion Volume (CV) in 2020, which includes added descriptors for mediation, online interaction, plurilingual/pluricultural competence, and sign language competences, ensuring modality-inclusive formulations in adapted illustrative descriptors for sign languages and gender-neutrality in all descriptors. The CEFR CV has already been translated into French, Arabic, Italian, Spanish, and Turkish, and translations to several other languages are underway and expected to become available shortly. The Turkish translation was completed in October 2021 by a committed team of scholars with the initiative and coordination of the Turkish Ministry of National Education (MoNE) in cooperation with the CoE. The translation of the CEFR Companion Volume into Turkish is an excellent example of how hard work and perseverance pay off. The translation team and others who have contributed to the work have demonstrated a fine example of sheer dedication, patience, and multidisciplinary collaboration to create a reader-friendly text to guide anyone involved in language teaching and testing--from teachers, learners, and material developers to educational institutions, researchers, and employers. This paper uncovers the background story, events, and actions behind this text for users to better understand its intricacies, nuances, and complexities. It is anticipated that the "backstage information" shared here will provide insights for prospective translators of the CEFR CV into other languages.

It is significant to immerse tech-savvy English language learners in interactive learning environments in order to maximize their comprehension and verbal communication. This quasi-experimental study set out to elucidate the effect of a learning management system (LMS) on speaking fluency and listening skill development among intermediate students. A total of 50 Turkish-speaking students from two intact classes were assigned into a control and an experimental group that utilized an interactive platform for learning English in 8 weeks. The study adopted a pre and posttest design. The mean listening and speaking posttest scores of both groups were compared according to effect size, analysis of covariance, paired sample t-test, and independent samples t-test. In addition, students' perceptions regarding the impact of LMS on these two skills were investigated with a questionnaire and an interview. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups as the experimental group surpassed the control group in both speaking fluency and listening posttest. Participants also reported from the questionnaire and the interviews that they held positive evaluations of LMS as a result of elevating both language skills. The contribution of the study lies in providing an innovative solution to promote learners' speaking fluency and listening skill.

This article aims at demonstrating which translation strategies are preferred in order to deal with the translation of culture-specific items in Latife Tekin's Sevgili Arsiz Ölüm (1983) and its English translation entitled "Dear Shameless Death" (2001). To achieve this primary aim, a comparative analysis is carried out between Sevgili Arsiz Ölüm and "Dear Shameless Death," translated into English by Saliha Paker and Mel Kenne, and a sample set consisting of 100 conspicuous examples for culture-specific items is created. Subsequently, the culture-specific items in the sample set is classified according to Newmark's (1988) categorization of culture-specific items. These culture-specific items are assessed according to Venuti's (1995) domestication and foreignization methods in broad sense. Finally, a common strategy group is created based on Eirlys E. Davies (2003) and Javier Franco Aixelá's (1996) taxonomies proposed for translation of culture-specific items and the samples are analyzed according to these taxonomies. When the sample group of 100 culture-specific items are analyzed, it has been seen that the translators used both foreignization strategies such as addition, preservation, orthographic adaptation and domestication strategies such as omission, globalization and localization in order to deal with translation of various culture-specific items. The most frequently used strategy among others has been determined to be globalization strategy. In this article, 28 of 100 culture-specific items will be exemplified in order to provide an insight into the study.

Although many studies have investigated writing apprehension among students of different education levels during the last decades, several of its aspects have remained uninvestigated in different contexts. One of these contexts is North Cyprus. For this reason, this study aimed to measure the level of writing apprehension experienced by English as a foreign language (EFL) postgraduate students at this particular context when writing in English. The study also tried to explain whether variables such as age, gender, academic level, and socioeconomic status were correlated with writing apprehension. To achieve these aims, the researchers adopted Daly and Miller's questionnaire called Writing Apprehension Test. A total of 37 EFL postgraduate students belonging to different ages, genders, academic levels, and socioeconomic statuses took part in the study. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS program to reveal whether there was a significant correlation between the aforementioned variables. Mean scores, standard deviations, Pearson correlation, frequencies, and percentages were employed to reveal the results. The study demonstrated that, though almost nearly half of the students were highly apprehensive, the majority of them experienced a moderate level of apprehension when writing in English and the relationship between writing apprehension levels and the variables was not statistically significant, that is, the results showed that age, gender, academic level, and socioeconomic status did not have any influence on writing apprehension.

The aim of this study is to provide an overview of the current state-of-the-art in the fabrication of bioceramic scaffolds for bone tissue engineering, with an emphasis on the use of three-dimensional (3D) technologies coupled with generative design principles. The field of modern medicine has witnessed remarkable advancements and continuous innovation in recent decades, driven by a relentless desire to improve patient outcomes and quality of life. Central to this progress is the field of tissue engineering, which holds immense promise for regenerative medicine applications. Scaffolds are integral to tissue engineering and serve as 3D frameworks that support cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation. A wide array of materials has been explored for the fabrication of scaffolds, including bioceramics (i.e., hydroxyapatite, beta-tricalcium phosphate, bioglasses) and bioceramic–polymer composites, each offering unique properties and functionalities tailored to specific applications. Several fabrication methods, such as thermal-induced phase separation, electrospinning, freeze-drying, gas foaming, particle leaching/solvent casting, fused deposition modeling, 3D printing, stereolithography and selective laser sintering, will be introduced and thoroughly analyzed and discussed from the point of view of their unique characteristics, which have proven invaluable for obtaining bioceramic scaffolds. Moreover, by highlighting the important role of generative design in scaffold optimization, this review seeks to pave the way for the development of innovative strategies and personalized solutions to address significant gaps in the current literature, mainly related to complex bone defects in bone tissue engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Abant Social Sciences / Abant Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi is the property of Journal of Abant Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The many distortions in solid material that are most easily triggered by factors like pressure are called its structural degrees of freedom. Zeolites, perovskites, coordination polymers and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are all members of the extensive and significant family of solids known as framework materials. In the last decade, it has been shown that perovskite-like framework materials have great potential applicable in solar panel cell production. The Perovskite-like framework, [(C3H7)4N][Mn(N(CN)2)3] ([TPrA][Mn(dca)3], in short), has recently attracted scientists, due to its magnetism, ferroelectricity, luminescence, switchable dielectric behaviour, multiferroic behaviour, non-linear optical properties and also photovoltaic properties. Exerted pressure causes changes in the structural, optical, and electronic properties of perovskite and perovskite-like compounds. As a result of these effects, these compounds present phase transitions at certain pressures. The [TPrA][Mn(dca)3] compound also exhibits two structural phase transitions at 0.3 GPa and 3.0 GPa pressure. In this study, we calculated some important thermodynamic parameters, which are the isothermal Grüneisen value, isothermal compressibility, and Bulk modulus, as a function of pressure to analyse phase transition dynamics by using observed volume and frequency values from the literature. The Bulk modulus values were determined at 9.86 GPa for the Pcnb - phase and 36 GPa for the P21/n -phase by using calculated isothermal compressibility values. Our results confirm that the perovskite-like [TPrA][Mn(dca)3] compound is a good candidate for solar panel cell production, as corroborated in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses a study conducted in the Ledra/Lokmaci Milieu in Cyprus, the area in the centre of the divided walled city of Nicosia where Greek and Turkish Cypriots have to use English to communicate with one another. The aim of the study was to locate the effects of a learning space on language learners, teachers and syllabus designers. Both quantitative and qualitative data analysis procedures were carried out for the interpretation of the collected data. The findings reveal that the Ledra/Lokmaci Milieu has become an open-air classroom, a learning space, for language learners who often spend time there to practise and relate what they have studied in their English classes. The results also illustrate that the Ledra/Lokmaci Milieu has influenced the structure of the local English course syllabi with inclusions of place-specific materials, tasks, activities and homework. In brief, the study uncovers the influence of a learning space on learning or/and practising English language and attests how spaces can shape English language course syllabi and foster ownership and participation in learning English. The study also verifies the significance of integrating spaces into language learning syllabi and suggests that syllabus designers consider specifying learning spaces as a design principle in the process of syllabus design.

In this study, the effects of Bi substitution for Mn on the magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of La0.60Dy0.10Sr0.30Mn(1−x)BixO3 manganites (x = 0, 0.01, 0.03, and 0.10) synthesized using the sol–gel method ​​were investigated. The samples x = 0, 0.01, and 0.03 had been indexed in an orthorhombic structure (space group Pnma), while sample x = 0.10 had been indexed in a hexagonal structure (space group R3c). The thermomagnetic measurements showed an increase in the Curie temperature (TC) with increasing Bi content, as well as an increase in magnetization at low temperatures. The TC values were determined as 322, 318, 327, and 360 K for x = 0, 0.01, 0.03, and 0.10 samples, respectively. Maximum magnetic entropy change ( - Δ S M max ) values ​​obtained from isothermal magnetization measurements showed an increase with the amount of Bi. The - Δ S M max value of 3.80 Jkg−1K−1 at 5 T for the x = 0 sample increased to 4.12 Jkg−1K−1 for the x = 0.10 sample with the highest Bi content. From the Arrott curves, it was observed that all samples exhibited a second-order magnetic phase transition. The obtained values of relative cooling power (RCP), which is an important factor in determining the performance of cooling material, are in the range of 282, 262, 251, and 232 Jkg−1 for x = 0, 0.01, 0.03, and 0.10, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University Journal of Faculty of Education / Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University Journal of Faculty of Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The main aim of this study was to investigate and discover whether going through the process of reflection by keeping reflective design journals (RDJ) enhances architecture students' metacognition and whether this enhanced metacognition improves their design understandings and skills. The study was a mixed-methods design and utilised content analysis method to identify the metacognitive actions of the participants. The study also investigated participants' attitudes towards RDJs and their views regarding the effect of enhanced metacognition on their design understandings and skills. Twenty college students registered to an undergraduate course offered by the department of Architecture participated in the research. The findings of the study revealed that by writing in their RDJs, participants were able to progressively enhance their metacognitive skills and performed several metacognitive actions by using the four main metacognitive strategies: awareness, organisation and planning, monitoring, and evaluation. The results also disclosed that participants found RDJ keeping exceptionally effective and stated that their enhanced metacognition improved their design understanding and abilities.