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Kusnadi Kusnadi,1,2 Yedi Herdiana,1 Emma Rochima,3 Okta Nama Putra,1,4 Amirah Mohd Gazzali,5 Muchtaridi Muchtaridi1,6 1Department of Pharmacy Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia; 2Department of Pharmacy, Politeknik Harapan Bersama, Tegal, Central Java, 52147, Indonesia; 3Department of Fishery, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, West Java, 45363, Indonesia; 4Research Center for Agroindustry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, Jawa Barat, 16911, Indonesia; 5School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Penang, 11800, Malaysia; 6Research Collaboration Centre for Radiopharmaceuticals Theranostic, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Sumedang, West Java, 45363, IndonesiaCorrespondence: Muchtaridi Muchtaridi, Email muchtaridi@unpad.ac.idBackground: Conventional wound dressings often adhere to wounds and can cause secondary injury due to their lack of anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties. In contrast, collagen-based nanoparticles (NPs) as drug delivery systems exhibit both biocompatibility and biodegradability, presenting a promising avenue for accelerating wound healing processes.Aims of Study: This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms involved in wound healing, description of the attributes of ideal wound dressings, understanding of wound healing efficacy of collagen, exploring NPs-mediated drug delivery mechanisms in wound therapy, detailing the synthesis and fabrication techniques of collagen-based NPs, and delineating the applications of various collagen-based NPs infused wound dressings on wound healing.Methodology: This review synthesizes relevant literature from reputable databases such as Scopus, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and PubMed.Results: A diverse array of collagen-based NPs, including nanopolymers, metal NPs, nanoemulsions, nanoliposomes, and nanofibers, demonstrate pronounced efficacy in promoting wound closure and tissue regeneration. The incorporation of collagen-based NPs has not only become an agent for the delivery of therapeutics but also actively contributes to the wound healing cascade.Conclusion: In conclusion, In brief, the use of collagen-based NPs presents a compelling strategy for expediting wound healing processes.Keywords: wound healing, biodegradability, nanoparticles, fabrication techniques, collagen

Artikel ini bertujuan menjelaskan relasi antara kandungan makna al-Qur’an dengan nama-nama surah, khususnya dalam juz ‘Amma. Agar penjelasan tidak terlalu meluas, penulis hanya memfokuskan pada empat surah yaitu al-Naba’, al-Takwir, al-Insyirah dan al-Nashr. Dengan menggunakan jenis penelitian kepustakaan murni secara content analysis, hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa munasabah al-Qur’an dalam kajian ‘Ulum al-Qur’an merupakan sebuah ilmu yang membahas keterkaitan antara ayat satu dengan ayat lainnya, atau ayat satu dalam suatu surah dengan ayat lainnya dalam surah yang berbeda. Keterkaitan ini tidak lain untuk saling melengkapi sebuah pemahaman kandungan makna sehingga rahasia cakrawala al-Qur’an dapat tersingkap, dan hal-hal yang dimaksudkan oleh Allah dapat terungkap. Sementara relasi antara kandungan makna dengan nama surah yang ada dalam Juz ‘Amma, dapat diketahi dari penjelasan nama-nama surah secara bahasa yang mengandung korelasi kuat dengan penjelasan ayat-ayat berikutnya. Meskipun nama-nama surah Juz ‘Amma sering diambil dari ayat pertama, tetapi ketika dipahami kandungan maknanya secara keseluruhan, tampak adanya keserasian (munasabah) antar keduanya. Dengan demikian, penulis berasumsi bahwa adanya keterkaitan antara kandungan makna dengan nama-nama surah Juz ‘Amma ini, dapat menambah khazanah macam-macam munasabah al-Qur’an berupa munasabah antara nama surah dengan kandungan makna kelompok surah pertama.

Crab is an exotic marine fishery commodity whose demand is increasing significantly in Indonesia. However, the industry also produces much waste in the form of crab shells, reaching 52.59% of its total weight. This waste (often called by-product) can be processed into several products with economic value such as chitosan, liquid organic fertilizer, and animal feed. This study assesses the environmental impact of crab shells processed into chitosan, liquid organic fertilizer, and animal feed. The study was carried out using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach with cradle-to-gate scope. The environmental impacts were observed consisting of some aspects such as Global Warming Potentials (GWP), Acidification Potentials (AP), Eutrophication Potentials (EP), and Cumulative Energy Demand (CED). The three-alternative utilization of crab shells produces environmental impacts resulting from fishing, transportation, and processing of the crab shells into these products. Afterward, the results of this study indicate that the crab shells processed into liquid fertilizer have the highest emission according to the GWP, AP, and CED values compared to the other by-product alternatives (i.e., chitosan and fertilizer). Whilst, the highest EP is produced by the processing of CS-based animal feed. These results can potentially become a consideration in making environmental policy by the local government, especially in Karawang Region.

The persistent challenges within the social environment remain a critical area of inquiry, particularly given the intertwined relationship between humanity and the environment that necessitates protection. Integrating Maqasid Al-Shariah with social environmental issues is essential for developing a comprehensive framework for safeguarding this environment (hifz al-bi'ah al-ijtima'iyyah). This study attempts to delineate the scope of maintaining the social environment and to identify actionable steps that can be synergized between society, government, and the guiding principles of Maqasid Al-Shariah. Utilizing a literature-based research methodology, this study employs analytical techniques in data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing from primary references on Maqasid Al-Shariah and selective studies on the social environment. The findings reveal the critical importance of contextualizing Qur'anic and Hadith arguments related to the social environment, emphasizing care, protection, and the development of both natural and human resources. This approach leverages the inherent qualities of human beings as God's creations, including their intellect and spirit, to promote collective benefit. Novel contributions of this research include the application of Islamic values to control social and environmental degradation, an understanding of human nature's interaction with the social environment, and the implementation of amar ma'ruf nahi munkar within this context, supported by government intervention. The implications of this study underscore the need for a comprehensive and mutually agreed-upon concept of environmental protection, aligned with Islamic values, between government and society.

This article aims to explore the concept of religious tolerance through the interpretation of the Qur'an by analyzing Kim Knott's thoughts about insider/outsider. This is motivated by a social fact that is being polemic and viral regarding the request of one Christian to the Indonesian Ministry of Religion to reform the interpretation of the Qur'an. By using qualitative methods and content analysis techniques as well as Kim Knott's insider/outsider perspective approach, this article concludes that the insider/outsider perspective on the open letter of Christians sent to the Indonesian Ministry of Religious Affairs to reform the interpretation of the Qur’an, is seen as dividing religious communities in Indonesia. Although it received support from the majority of Christians (outsiders) and claimed that its request to the Ministry of Religious Affairs specifically to revise the interpretation of QS. al-A’raf [7]: 157 is an act of tolerance, in fact what he did was an act of intolerance that could damage harmony between Muslims and Christians. In the insider's perspective, the request is seen as too interfering with Islamic teachings and ignoring one of the indicators of religious moderation promoted by the Indonesian Ministry of Religious Affairs, namely tolerance. Some posts uploaded related to the request to reform the interpretation of the Qur’an on social media have indirectly become an embryo of intolerance of interfaith harmony, especially between Muslims and Christians.

This research investigates the capacity of incorporating indigenous knowledge into the traditional craft of Batik Pekalongan to promote character education and facilitate learning. Batik Pekalongan, an Indonesian textile, is a cultural legacy extending beyond its conventional fabric use. UNESCO has officially designated it as an intangible cultural treasure. The study technique used is a qualitative literature review. The results indicate that including Batik Pekalongan in the curriculum may successfully cultivate robust character attributes in children, including honesty, collaboration, and responsibility. Engaging in partnerships with local batik communities and artists may further enrich students' educational experience via their direct involvement in the batik-making process. This research emphasizes the possibility of using indigenous wisdom in traditional craftsmanship to foster desirable personality qualities and provides a viable alternative to standard character education methods. By integrating indigenous knowledge, education may become more context-specific, pertinent, and efficient in fostering persons with strong moral values and principles.

Human activity is one of the causes of environmental damage on earth. Prevention of environmental damage can be done by increasing ecological knowledge, problem-solving skills, and attitudes such as sustainability insights and environmental awareness. One way to improve these competencies is by learning about ecosystems and environmental change. This study aims to map out effective strategies for teaching ecosystems and environmental materials so that it can more optimally develop the expected competencies. The literature review method is used to map the learning strategies used to analyze patterns of effective strategy tendencies. Literature reviews were analyzed from scientific publications indexed by Google Scholar in the 2014-2023 range. The results of the analysis show that learning about ecosystems and environmental change is recommended (1) integrating technology; (2) raising the potential of local wisdom; (3) based on contextual problems; (4) improving problem-solving skills, ecological literacy and sustainable awareness; and (5) in the form of active learning. The recommended learning strategies for ecosystem materials and environmental change are environmental approaches and process approaches, problem-based learning models, learning methods in practice or field studies, and learning media in the form of real objects or phenomena that can be analyzed by students.

Penelitian ini bertujuan membuat rancang bangun ensiklopedia digital mamalia berbasis Citizen Science Project (CSP). Perancangan ensiklopedia digital dilakukan dengan menggunakan MySQL untuk mengoperasikan sistem database dan menggunakan bahasa pemograman PHP version 8.2.4. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kuantitatif yang menjabarkan pengembangan model ADDIE yaitu Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui angket respon mahasiswa terhadap 30 mahasiswa semester 5. Hasil penelitian ini berupa ensiklopedia digital mamalia berbasis CSP dilengkapi dengan fitur-fitur home, spesies, CSP, FGD, mini project dan news, yang digunakan sebagai bahan tambahan pada mata kuliah zoologi vertebrata. Berdasarkan hasil ujicoba menunjukkan 60% dari aspek kebahasaan menyatakan kalimat yang digunakan mudah dipahami, 67% dari aspek tampilan menyatakan gambar jelas dan komposisi warna menarik, 83% mudah diakses dan mudah dalam mengoperasikan, dan 67% menyatakan bahwa materi yang disajikan bersifat informatif.

This article discusses the important role of national politics in strengthening the pillars of education, focusing on the views and contributions of Dr. Soetomo, an Indonesian national figure who played a key role in the independence movement. This article aims to explain how the national politics promoted by Dr. Soetomo can be a relevant alternative to strengthen the education system in the Indonesian context. The method used in this research is a qualitative approach with a literature study method. Dr. Soetomo emphasized the importance of forming character, ethics, and national values to strengthen the education pillar. This article describes how the principles of national politics can be applied in the formation of curriculum and teaching, and how this can influence students' intellectual and emotional development. In conclusion, this article highlights the central role of national politics in strengthening national education, by discussing the views and contributions of Dr. Soetomo as a relevant alternative to advance the pillars of education in Indonesia. Education based on national values, equality, and inclusiveness can help create a young generation with a strong national identity that is ready to face future challenges.

Basis data menjadi hal yang penting untuk membantu mempercepat proses pada suatu sistem informasi yang membuat bangunan data dapat memberi informasi kepada organisasi atau lembaga dalam batas waktu tertentu. Bagian penting dari teknologi informasi yang harus dimiliki oleh semua organisasi untuk memiliki suatu sistem informasi terpadu yang akan membantu menjalankan operasi dan mencapai tujuannya. Hal ini juga dapat membantu menyimpan dan mengolah data yang sangat besar. Selain itu, dirancang untuk menjadi mudah digunakan oleh pengguna dan menghindari kekacauan. Maka dari itu, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengganti proses pelayanan manual menjadi pelayanan secara komputerisasi, dalam hal ini kami membuat sistem basis data pada Mr. Cuci Laundry dan memudahkan pelayanan yang prima. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu deskriptif kualitatif dengan mengamati secara langsung kebutuhan dari pelanggan dan dilakukan beberapa tahapan seperti survey perusahaan, identifikasi masalahan, dan melakukan analisis. Berbagai software pendukung dapat digunakan untuk membuat rancangan informasi otomatis; salah satunya adalah Microsoft Access yang digunakan untuk membuat rancangan sitem transaksi untuk Mr. Cuci Laundry ini. Sehingga, hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini yaitu terbentuknya rancangan sistem transaksi pada Mr. Cuci Laundry yang masih manual menjadi menggunakan bantuan sistem. Oleh karena itu, adanya sistem basis data diharapkan dapat memberikan layanan terbaik dan nyaman untuk pelanggan dengan mengganti proses pelayanan manual dengan layanan komputerisasi. Kata kunci: Entity Relationship Diagram, Microsoft Access, Sistem Informasi, System Requirement, Usaha Laundry

Upon previous research, the matrilineal system seems to oppose Islamic teaching. However, the matrilineal system practiced by the Minangkabau society in West Sumatra, Indonesia has its uniqueness. Thus, this study aims to examine the correlation between the Qur’an and gender roles within the context of Minangkabau customs, specifically focusing on the matrilineal aspect. The present study employs qualitative methods for conducting library research through critical analysis. This study discovered that the matrilineal system practiced by the Minangkabau society aligns with Qur’anic teachings that respect the position of women in Islam. In the matrilineal system of Minangkabau, women hold significant strength and play an influential role in cultural and traditional practices. The Minangkabau tribe’s matrilineal system encompasses three key elements: marriage, inheritance and offspring. The marriage system is exogamous. Additionally, the practice of marriage is localised, with the husband typically residing in the wife’s household. Their inheritance is divided into pusako tinggi [from ancestors from generation to generation] and pusako randah (from the efforts of married couple). Women get pusako tinggi as they serve as protectors and a symbol of their community. In comparison, men take the responsibility of overseeing its preservation to prevent any form of misuse. Pusako randah is distributed as Islamic teaching. Lineage determination is primarily based on paternal lineage, aligning with Islamic teaching. Upon comprehensive analysis, it becomes evident that there is no conflict between the matrilineal system and Islamic teachings, particularly concerning principles of gender equality. Both women and men have significant roles, as the Qur’an provides extensive explanations regarding gender equality. Contribution: This research holds significant findings in establishing a great relation between Islamic teachings based on the Qur’an and the matrilineal principles practiced by the Minangkabau tribe.

The study aims to develop a Project-Based Learning (PBL) blended learning strategy to enhance the human literacy skills of students taking Citizenship Education in higher education. The research uses the Research Development (RD) method combined with the ASSURE model, which involves six stages: analyzing students, expressing goals, selecting methods, media, and materials, using media and materials, requiring student participation, and evaluating and revising. The study uses expert validation, questionnaires, interviews, and a pretest-posttest design to evaluate the effectiveness of the PBL-based blended learning approach. The results indicate that the PBL-based blended learning approach effectively develops humane literacy among Citizenship Education students. The article discusses the importance of human literacy as a 21st-century skill and the development of a blended learning model using the ASSURE model to foster human literacy.

Etika berasal dari bahasa Yunani yakni Ethos yang berarti tempat tinggal yang biasa, padang rumput, kandang, kebiasaan dan adat, akhlak perasaan serta tata berpikir. Dalam filsafat etika adalah ilmu yang bisa disebut sebagai ilmu mengenai adat kebiasaan mengenai hal yang biasa dilakukan orang yang telah melakukan pelanggaran etika telah diberikan label oleh masyarakat yang dikenal sebagai teori labeling dalam sosiologi seperti yang diungkapkan oleh Edwin M. Lemert. Media sosial oleh masyarakat dianggap sebagai pengganti komunikasi yang dilakukan secara langsung (komunikasi primer) yang terjadi antara orang per orang dengan melakukan tatap muka secara langsung tanpa melalui perantara. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui etika-etika dalam bermedia sosial di era globalisasi dan untuk mengetahui dan mempraktikkan perbuatan yang sesuai dengan etika dalam bermedia sosial di era globalisasi. Globalisasi berasal dari dua kata global yang berarti seluruh dunia dan artinya adalah proses, sehingga globalisasi adalah proses yang menyatukan seluruh dunia. Pembahasan dilakukan secara kualitatif dengan mengumpulkan fakta-fakta dan fenomena sosial yang terjadi dan kemudian oleh penulis dilakukan analisis peristiwa secara yuridis normatif yaitu dengan melakukan analisis dengan berbasis pada ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan yang mengatur mengenai hal ini yakni Undang-Undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2016 yang adalah perubahan dari Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik. Dengan demikian analisis penulis sehubungan dengan menggunakan media sosial harus dilakukan dengan memperhatikan etika dalam bermedia sosial.

Indonesia adalah negara maritim dengan panjang garis pantai sepanjang 108.000 km. Profesi nelayan menjadi pilihan masyarakat yang tinggal dikawasan pesisir. Wanita nelayan adalah istri nelayan yang berperan dalam keberlangsungan rumah tangga nelayan. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah menggambarkan peran wanita nelayan dalam upaya sanitasi serta kesehatan dan keselamatan keluarga. Metode penelitian adalah observasional dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Data dianalisa secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Responden penelitian ini adalah wanita nelayan dengan kepala rumah tangga nelayan yang masih aktif melaut sebanyak 60 orang responden dan berdomisili di Desa Jangkar, Kabupaten Situbondo, Jawa Timur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rerata usia responen adalah 35 tahun dengan pendidikan sebagian besar lulus Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP), memiliki aktivitas ekonomi untuk membantu keuangan keluarga. Responden memiliki harapan yang tinggi untuk anak anak mereka untuk dapat bersekolah hingga perguruan tinggi, lebih memilih pendidikan berbasis agama, dan ingin memiliki 3 orang anak pada setiap keluarga. Pelayanan kesehatan yang dipilih keluarga adalah puskesmas, serta melakukan pemantauan kelengkapan imunisasi anak. Responden berperan dalam upaya keselamatan kepala keluarga saat melaut dengan mengingatkan penggunaan Alat Pelindung Diri, waktu istirahat, mempersiapkan kelengkapan melaut, menyediakan menu yang bergizi maupun suplemen supaya tetap bugar saat melaut. Kondisi sanitasi dan hygiene masih kurang, karena masih membakar sampah, dan memiliki aluran air limbah tidak sanitair. Perlu peningkatan pendidikan supaya mampu mendukung diversitas usaha yang lebih menguntungkan secara ekonomi, serta peningkatan sarana sanitasi, serta perlu pelatihan cara mengolah sampah rumah tangga berbasis peningkatan ekonomi untuk menurunkan beban pencemaran lingkungan pesisir sekaligus dapat membantu peningkatan pendapatan.

This study aims to develop an inquiry laboratory skill assessment on 21st Century Biological Problems. The assessment tool developed is a non-test assessment in the form of tasks and rubrics. The research and development method (R&D) was used in this study. The subjects of this research were 30 students from one of the public high schools in Banten Province. This research instrument used performance assessment tools in tasks and rubrics, while the data analysis technique used descriptive statistics and data collection purposive sampling. The study showed that the validity of Aiken's V is 0.53. It can be said that the performance assessment tool is declared valid. The reliability value had an average measure value of 0.778. Moreover, the ICC (Interclass Correlation Coefficient) value assessed by three raters was categorized as moderate or moderate reliability. Based on the results of data analysis, the resulting instrument is ready to be used directly in measuring learning outcomes or as an assessment prototype for further development, especially in measuring students' laboratory inquiry abilities.

This study explores the effect of mini research project learning on high school students critical thinking skills in household waste management activities. To achieve this goal, this study used a pre-experiment method with one group pre-test post-test design. Data were taken from first-grade students in one of the senior high schools in Bandung as research subjects for the experimental class without a control class. The test instrument (essay) adapted from Facione (2011) was used to measure students' critical thinking skills. The results showed that there was an increase in students' critical thinking skills after learning the mini research project with an average N-gain score of 0.55 (medium). The criteria for critical thinking skills had also changed from the average critical thinking score achievement which was very low (not manifested) to high (strong) which was seen based on the results of the initial and final tests.

Highlight Research • Fish and shellfish on the coast of Payangan and Puger • Several types of microplastics were detected in their gastrointestinal tract • There were microplastic types of fiber, fragments, granules, and filaments Abstract Every year, it is estimated that the Indonesian seas receive 100,000-400,000 tons of plastic waste used for human consumption. Indiscriminate disposal of plastic waste will have an impact in the future. The problem of microplastics is an illustration that the use of plastic in daily activities will cause environmental ecological damage. The purpose of the study was to describe microplastic contamination in marine fish and shells in the coastal areas of Jember Regency, Indonesia. The method used is to detect and identify the type and numbers of microplastic particles in the gastrointestinal tract content of sea fish and shells obtained from fishermen around Payangan and Puger coastal Jember, Indonesia. The gastrointestinal tract was extracted with peroxide oxidation method (WPO). A light microscope was used to examine microplastic particles of types and numbers. The results showed that marine fish and shells in the coastal area of Jember Regency, Indonesia have been contaminated with microplastic. The microplastic in each marine fish and shells sample has a different type. There were microplastic types of fiber, fragments, granules, and filaments in the shells sample, while in the marine fish samples, there were all these types except granules. Fish and shellfish on the coast of Payangan and Puger had several types of microplastics detected in their gastrointestinal tract.

This article discusses the eco-sufism that Hamka built in his book Tafsir al-Azhar. This is motivated by the issue of environmental damage caused by, among other things, the anthropocentric paradigm, namely the notion that views humans as the center of the universe and has the right to exploit nature without considering its sustainability. Meanwhile, the hallmark of Hamka's interpretation of the verses of the Qur'an, which has a Sufi tendency, is trying to respond to environmental damage by offering sustainable environmental conservation efforts. Using a descriptive-explorative thematic method, Hamka built five efforts in preserving the environment with a Sufism approach, namely: paying attention to nature will strengthen faith in Allah; natural order is a form of God's existence; contemplation of nature will cause ‘isyq (longing) to God; managing nature as a provision to return to the presence of God; and being grateful for the results of natural resources by sharing them with others. In the interpretation of the verses about the five efforts, it appears that Hamka's interp retation tries to respond to environmental damage with a Sufi approach, which is seen as contributing to environmental conservation in a sustainable manner. Hamka provides a paradigm for balancing human rights and obligations to nature based on the holy book al-Qur'an so that it can be used as a guide for all Indonesians to realize a polite and moderate Islam towards nature by paying attention to environmental conservation.

This research is motivated by what happened at the Sakura Waste Bank, apart from dealing with other similar waste banks, they also faced unstable conditions due to the Covid 19 Pandemic. This caused sales at the waste bank to experience significant declines. With the issuance of government regulations not to leave the house, of course this has a big impact. This will hinder the marketing process of the Sakura waste bank, which can normally carry out marketing activities directly to consumers, but with this crowd restriction, the waste bank cannot do so, so it has to change its marketing strategy in order to survive during the current pandemic. With the formulation of the problem, namely (1) What are the obstacles faced by the Sakura Garbage Bank during the pandemic? (2) what marketing strategy was implemented by the Sakura Waste Bank during the Pandemic? This research uses descriptive qualitative which consists of observation, documentation and interviews as data collection techniques sourced from primary data and secondary data. The data analysis technique uses data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. From the results of the implementation of this study, implementing a marketing strategy at the Sakura Palembang Waste Bank during the pandemic, namely using a SWOT analysis marketing strategy. The inhibiting factor of this research is the lack of awareness of human resources including millennials towards the Waste Bank business. Keywords: Marketing Strategy, Marketing, Waste Bank, Covid -19

Purpose: Landslides are hydrometeorological disasters frequently occurring in many places, particularly during the wet season. Slope stability analysis is the initial stage in defining countermeasures to prevent slope failure and mitigate the negative consequences. This study aims to apply the Limit Equilibrium Method (LEM) to examine the slope stability of the Dufadufa - Jambula road, with the SLIDE version 6.0 application serving as an analytical tool. Design/methodology/approach: Researchers use field measurement data to build a slide application slope model. The soil data used as input parameters are derived using the Robertson chart to interpret the sonder test findings. Findings: According to the results, the minimal slope factor of safety (fs) at the area under consideration is 0.247. It demonstrates that the road slope, which is the study location, is in critical condition; in other words, the slope of the Jambula-Dufadufa road segment has the potential to undergo a slide. Paper type: Research paper

Pungki Afifah Asyraf,1 Ivanna Fauziyah Kusnadi,1 Jonathan Stefanus,1 Miski Aghnia Khairinisa,1,2 Rizky Abdulah1,2 1Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia; 2Center of Excellence in Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, IndonesiaCorrespondence: Miski Aghnia Khairinisa, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung Sumedang KM. 21, Bandung, Jatinangor, 45363, Indonesia, Email miski.aghnia@unpad.ac.idAbstract: Drug hypersensitivity is an inflammatory or immune reaction induced by drugs. It can be fatal if not appropriately treated and cause the risk of long-term complications. Sulfonamides are classified as antimicrobial drugs with a broad spectrum effective for gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. This antibacterial agent works by competitively inhibiting folic acid synthesis, which prevents the growth and proliferation of microorganisms. In its use as antibiotics, sulfonamides can also cause adverse reactions in specific individuals. It has been widely reported that sulfonamide antimicrobials cause hypersensitivity reactions mediated by IgE or T cells. This review identifies symptoms or signs that can appear, as well as genes associated with sulfonamide hypersensitivity reactions, as sulfonamide may cause hypersensitivity in the form of uveitis, skin rash, Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS)/toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), parotitis, angioedema, drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), and pruritus. In addition, several genes were found to be associated with sulfonamide hypersensitivity, including HLA-A29, HLA-B12, HLA-DR7, HLA-B44, and HLA A*11:01.Keywords: sulfonamide, hypersensitivity, genetic influence

The in vitro gas production technique is one of the feed evaluation methods that capture the characteristics of rumen microbial fermentation in response to the gas produced by feed ingredients. The gas production response is related and modelled to a unit of time with several parameters using non-linear regression mathematical equations. To facilitate this task, a script program in R has been developed that can perform the intended calculations. The calculation process uses nonlinear mathematical equations with intercepts. The equation shows that gas production (P) (mL) is influenced by several constants that indicate the share of gas production from the soluble fraction (FA) (mL), gas production from the potentially soluble part (FB) (mL), gas production rate (KC) (mL/h) and incubation time (T) (h). In addition to P and T, the three constants are tried to be derived by the program created. The data set is taken from several in vitro gas production studies that have been conducted previously. The Neway Software program of curve fitting calculations was used to validate the results, as the mean difference was tested using an unpaired T-test. Both programs showed the same calculation results for FA (P=0.9996), FB (P=0.9998), and KC (P=0.9962). The residual standard error (RSE) and R-square (R2) values of both programs also came with the same result they were RSE (P =0.9978), and R2 (P=0.6087) respectively. This shows that the R program script made can carry out the calculation process of making a model of the gas production equation for modeling in vitro gas production from rumen fermentation.

Fruit shape and size in Solanaceae family plays an important role in the determining the economic value and agronomic traits of the crop. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the genetic regulation of some Solanaceae fruit morphology, focusing on the role of CLAVATA1 (CLV1), OVATE family protein (OFP), SUN family gene (SUN), locule number (LC), and fasciated (FAS) genes. The aim of this article is to explore previous studies that reveal how the complex interactions between these genes regulate fruit shape. The SUN and OVATE genes have important roles in regulating fruit elongation, with the SUN gene affecting longitudinal and transverse cell growth, while mutations in the OVATE gene change the fruit shape from round to pear. In addition, the FAS and LC genes contribute to increasing the number of loci in the fruit, while the CLAVATA1 gene controls fruit size by regulating stem cell activity. This review paper provides a deep insight into the current understanding of the genes that regulate fruit shape and presents them in the context of current research. It is hoped that this article will provide a strong foundation for future research to improve the quality and productivity of tomato plants.

This study aims to determine the profile of the ability of senior high school biology teachers in designing and testing local material-based bacteria and fungi cultivating practices during the Covid-19 pandemic. The method used in this study is a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. The participants in this study were 33 senior high school biology teachers at West Java province, Bandung. The data collection technique used the lesson plan assessment rubric, student worksheet, and practicum trial reports, besides that used both teacher profile and activities and obstacles questionnaires during the training. The research data analysis technique used data triangulation, data presentation, and conclusions. The data validity test includes data testing, data reliability testing, external validity/generalization. The results show that the profile of Senior High School biology teachers regarding teaching experience, as many as 63% of teachers had more than 10 years of teaching experience. The achievement of eligibility obtained a score of 85% (good category). These criteria include content, presentation, language, graphics, ease of usage, suitability of appearance, and usability of student worksheet features. The results of the questionnaire show that 91% of participants thought that the design and practical trial activities are very useful, 83% of participants thought that the material that had been delivered could be applied in schools. So that biology teachers can innovate further by using local materials to carry out practicum activities.

Tulisan ini menjelaskan makna hijrah dalam tafsir fi Zhilal al-Qur’an karya Sayyid Quthb. Dengan memakai metode deskriptif-kualitatif dan dibantu pendekatan tafsir maudhu’i, didapatkan kesimpulan bahwa makna hijrah menurut Sayyid Qutub mengandung berbagai arti, antara lain: hijrah dalam arti berpindah atau meninggalkan negeri yang mayoritas ahli bid’ah dan orang-orang kafir, meninggalkan negeri atau tempat yang dipenuhi oleh hal yang merugikan baik itu demi keselamatan jiwa, kesehatan tubuh agar terhindar dari penyakit, dan melarikan diri untuk menyelamatkan harta benda. Sayyid Quthb juga menjelaskan jenis hijrah yang bisa dilakukan pada masa sekarang, antara lain: dapat dilakukan dengan menempuh pendidikan (menuntut ilmu), perjalanan untuk menegakkan agama Allah (jihad) dan membela negara, serta perjalanan untuk menjemput rezeki.

The steel-making process begins with a reduction process carried out in a blast furnace (BF) then continues with the refining process in the converter. In the refining process, there is a slag foam formed from the reaction of oxygen with hot metal. An additive called a slag depressant is needed to reduce foam formation in the slag. Slag depressants are made using paper mill waste, limestone, and slag blast furnaces. This study aims to increase the compressive strength of the slag depressant by varying the composition and shape variations. Variations in the composition used were with and without the addition of BF slag, while variations in the shapes used were cylinder, round, and cube. Making slag depressants begins with the stages of mixing, compacting, and drying. Slag depressant drying is carried out in the sun for ± eight days. The slag depressant raw material was analyzed using the XRF method to see the chemical composition of the raw material. The resulting slag depressant was then analyzed for proximate analysis, compression test, drop test, and porosity test. In this study, the best quality slag depressant with high compressive strength and low porosity values is the slag depressant in a cylindrical shape, and the ratio of paper waste to limestone is 80:20%. The resulting compressive strength value is 1207.5 N/cm2 and has a porosity of 34.7%. The addition of BF slag in this study was proven to affect the compressive strength of the slag depressant. The highest compressive strength value was achieved by adding 10% slag blast furnace to 10%, which was 862.08 N/cm2. Proses pembuatan baja diawali dengan proses reduksi yang dilakukan dalam blast furnace (BF) kemudian dilanjutkan dengan proses pemurnian dalam converter. Dalam proses pemurnian, terdapat gelembung/busa slag (slag foam) yang terbentuk dari reaksi oksigen dengan hot metal. Untuk mengurangi pembentukan busa pada slag maka diperlukan bahan aditif yang disebut dengan slag depressant. Slag depressant dibuat dengan menggunakan limbah pabrik kertas, batu kapur dan slag blast furnace. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kekuatan tekan slag depressant dengan melakukan variasi komposisi dan variasi bentuk. Variasi komposisi yang digunakan yaitu dengan dan tanpa penambahan slag BF sedangkan variasi bentuk yang digunakan yaitu silinder, bulat dan kubus. Proses pembuatan slag depressant diawali dengan tahapan mixing, kompaksi dan pengeringan. Pengeringan slag depressant dilakukan di bawah sinar matahari ±8 hari. Bahan baku slag depressant dianalisis dengan metode XRF untuk melihat komposisi kimia bahan baku tersebut. Slag depressant yang dihasilkan kemudian dilakukan analisis proksimat, uji tekan, uji jatuh dan uji porositas. Pada penelitian ini didapatkan slag depressant dengan kualitas paling baik dengan nilai kuat tekan tinggi dan porositas rendah yaitu pada slag depressant bentuk silinder dan perbandingan limbah kertas dengan batu kapur sebesar 80: 20 %. Nilai kuat tekan yang dihasilkan sebesar 1207,5 N/cm2 dan porositas sebesar 34,7%. Penambahan slag BF dalam penelitian ini terbukti mempengaruhi kuat tekan slag depressant. Nilai kuat tekan tertinggi dicapai pada penambahan 10% slag blast furnace 10% yaitu sebesar 862,08 N/cm2.

The environmentally friendly lightweight material is a concept for developing construction material technology. One way is to reduce density by using plastic waste such as Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) as the concrete aggregate. Although on the other hand, the mechanical value has decreased significantly. This research explains the development of lightweight concrete, EPS (BREA), which uses Modified EPS waste as coarse aggregate and pumice sand as fine material, obtained locally from Tidore Island. The mixture composition used in this study was 1 Cement: 2 Sand: 3 MEPS, where the compressive strength test was carried out to see its mechanical behaviour. The research shows that the composition above reduces the volume weight and compressive strength values by 56.12% and 78.46%, respectively, compared to normal concrete.

Ficus spp. belongs to the tribe Ficeae in the Moraceae family. Many members of this genus have been collected and grown in Bogor Botanic Gardens. There are 519 living collections of Ficus conserved since 1817, and 13 of them have not been identified until the species level. This research aimed to identify the Ficus sp. originated from Kaur Selatan (Bengkulu) using morphological and molecular approaches. Morphological characterization and herbarium specimen observation have been carried out to identify the Ficus sp. The molecular approach was conducted through DNA barcoding using ITS primer. The molecular identification using ITS sequence showed that Ficus sp. is Ficus crassiramea with 99.87% similarity to the sequence in NCBI. Morphological observation through herbarium specimen showed that there are 9 vegetative characters specific to Ficus crassiramea.

The technology development of electrochemical energy storage devices including lithium-ion battery is urgently needed to support the increased demand for renewable energy and production growth of portable electronic devices. Extensive research on nanostructural engineering aims to improve battery performance in terms of capacity, energy density, cycling ability, and Coulombic efficiency. This review describes the concept of atomic layer deposition (ALD) and focuses on ALD for Li-ion battery. Within the last few years, interest in the nanostructured materials synthesized by ALD to enhance battery performance has rapidly improved. Given the urgent requirement for reliable materials for high battery performance, ALD is a robust method for developing and fabricating nanostructure materials for next-generation Li-ion batteries, especially in the design of anode and cathode electrodes of the batteries.

The ability to think creatively and self regulated learning is very important in learning mathematics, in order to train students to develop their creativity. But in reality, mathematics learning that is currently happening has not been able to develop mathematical creative thinking skills and increase students’ self-regulated learning. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between the open-ended approach and the ability to think creative mathematically and self-regulated learning and how to implement it in school in the perspective of literature review. The type of research used is literature review, where articles are collected using search engines such as EBSCO, Science direct, and Scopus. Based on the articles collected, the results show that: 1. Mathematics learning to use an open-ended approach has an effect on increasing students ‘creative thinking skills and self-regulated learning, 2. The open-ended approach is higher in increasing students’ creative thinking abilities compared to using a conventional approach, 3. The open-ended approach to learning has the following steps: a) the teacher organizes students in learning activities; b) the teacher exposes students to open problems; c) the teacher guides and directs students in solving problems with various solutions and various answers; d) students present their work and compare with the work of other students in front of the class; and e) students conclude the subject matter, which is guided by the teacher. 4. To apply open-ended learning, it is necessary to prepare learning that requires high creativity for a teacher.

Tingkat pemahaman masyarakat di Kota Cirebon mengenai mental yang sehat dan cara penangannya masih rendah karena minimnya sosialisasi sehingga banyak mitos, stigma negatif, anggapan sepele, dan mispersepsi. Pengetahuan penanganan kesehatan mental merupakan faktor yang penting untuk dipahami karena menurut data kementrian kesehatan Indonesia masyarakat modern di perkotaan dan usia remaja lebih rentan mengalami resiko gangguan mental. Salah satu solusi untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut adalah dengan membangun chatbot sebagai media informasi edukasi pada platform LINE yang bertujuan untuk mensosialisasikan kesehatan mental pada masyarakat dan membantu masyarakat dalam mendapatkan informasi layanan konsultasi offline (tatap muka) yang berlokasi di Cirebon dan konsultasi online yang merupakan konsultasi dengan konselor secara online melalui WhatsApp, LINE, E-mail, atau website diluar Cirebon. Metode yang diterapkan pada chatbot adalah algoritma jaro-winkler sebagai pemrosesan string pencocokan kata antara keyword dengan input user. Metode yang digunakan untuk mengembangkan perangkat lunak adalah SDLC model waterfall. Metode perancangan yang digunakan adalah analisis berorientasi objek menggunakan Unified Modeling Language (UML). Bahasa pemrograman yang digunakan adalah PHP dengan MySQL sebagai database yang perlu dihostingkan. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah sebuah chatbot informasi dan edukasi kesehatan mental yang dapat memberikan sosialisasi dengan mudah, cepat, terkini, dan praktis kepada masyarakat untuk meningkatkan pemahaman, kewaspadaan, dan kesadaran masyarakat terhadap hal yang berkaitan dengan kesehatan mental.

(English Version) Readymix concrete is a common product that produce in plant that called batching plant, every batching plant must have Operational Performance required by design to ensure that product received well at the right time and the right grade to the project. This research purpose is to analyze work characteristic (1), compensations (2), and leading style (3) compare with operational Operational Performance (4) starts from raw material receiving to concrete delivery. Technic sampling method is using quota technics sampling with 80 respondence. This research population collected from PT XYZ readymix concrete company in Regional Banten that have 8 batching plants across. This need to be analyse in a written research due operational production activity needs to improve Operational Performance at PT XYZ company. Indo (Version) Beton siap pakai adalah produk umum yang diproduksi di pabrik yang disebut batching plant. Semua pabrik campuran harus memiliki kinerja operasional yang diperlukan untuk memastikan bahwa produk diterima dengan baik pada waktu dan kualitas yang tepat untuk proyek tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan karakteristik pekerjaan (1) penghargaan (2) gaya kepemimpinan (3) dan kinerja manajer (4), mulai dari penerimaan bahan baku hingga pengiriman beton. Sebagai metode pengambilan sampel, kami mengadopsi metode pengambilan sampel kuota sebanyak 80 responden. Subyek penelitian ini berasal dari perusahaan beton siap pakai PTXYZ di pedesaan Banten, dimana terdapat delapan mixing plant yang tersebar. Hal ini perlu dianalisis dalam sebuah studi tertulis karena operasi manufaktur perlu meningkatkan kinerja operasional di PTXYZ.

Infrastruktur MI Miftahul Ulum sangat memprihatinkan untuk menerima siswa, tetapi minat masyarakat sekitar untuk menyekolahkan anak-anak mereka ke madrasah ini cukup besar. Hal ini terlihat dari jumlah siswa yang stabil setiap tahun. Sehingga kami berupaya untuk merenovasi infrastruktur sekolah dengan metode gotong royong dalam kegiatan (1) renovasi atap teras yang hampir runtuh, (2) pengecoran lantai teras yang telah retak karena getaran peralatan pengerukan gunung batu kapur,(3) pemasangan sel surya sebagai sumber listrik untuk penerangan teras dan (4) pelatihan kepada guru untuk memperkenalkan sel surya sebagai sumber listrik alternatif selain PLN. Hasilnya, kondisi MI Miftahul Ulum menjadi lebih baik dan lebih terang dengan adanya lampu teras bersumber solar sel.

TRAINING AND WEBSITE DEVELOPMENT AT KEDAWUNG VILLAGE GOVERNMENT AND SMES. Some Kedawung villagers own several UKM (Small and Medium Enterprises) such as Opak business to ginger cultivation. One of the lucrative business opportunities is the high market interest in home-based business products or Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). However, the lack of attention and attention by the local government, and the absence of promotional activities carried out by business actors have resulted in some SMEs in Kedawung Village being less developed. The analysis carried out in Kedawung Village includes, analysis of village needs and analysis of village business needs. The research method used in this research is work plan planning, UI design, database design and user flow design and usage procedures. The results of this research are the creation of village websites and UMKM websites, the existence of a good village management information system and the increased skills and abilities of village officials.

This study aims to analyze the influence of corporate fundamental factors such as ROA (Return on Assets), ROE (Return On Equity), EPS (Earning per Share), NPM (Net Profit Margin), DER (Dept to Equity Ratio) and CR (Current Ratio) of financial sector stock returns listed in the Daftar Efek Syariah (DES). The sample of this study were determined using the saturated sampling method in which all populations were sampled. The research sample consisted of 5 companies with an observation period of 2015-2017 to obtain 15 observational data. Data analysis used multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that ROA, ROE, EPS, NPM, DER and CR together had a positive and significant effect on stock returns. While partially ROA, ROE, NPM, and CR have no significant effect on stock returns. Only EPS and DER have a positive and significant effect on stock returns. While the most dominant variable influencing stock returns is DER. The theoretical implication of this research was that investors need to consider EPS and DER by looking at the ups and downs of the ratio. Practically, in determining investor stock returns, do not only pay attention to the company's internal factors, but must pay attention to the company's external factors. Keywords: Fundamental Factors, ROA, ROE, EPS, NPM, DER, CR, Stock Return.

ABSTRACT Alumni satisfaction survey is one of the way to carried out by Informatics Engineering Study Program at CIC University in the effort to provide maximum learning and service to its students. As a study program that has the highest number of students and graduates in CIC University, Informatics Engineering Study Program routinely conducts alumni satisfaction surveys during graduation registration. Where the survey results are obtained, then analyzed the level of satisfaction and expectations. However, there is a problem, process of collecting survey data is still using paper, then the results have recapitulated for analysis through by SPSS program, so it takes a lot time to analyze. Therefore it need a system to handle these problems. The purpose of this research is to build a web-based alumni satisfaction analysis system using Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) and Importance Performance Matrix (Matrix IPA) methods. After system has successfully implemented, alumni can fill out the survey by logging in first using their respective NIM. System will produce an analysis in the form of information on the level of overall alumni satisfaction and display the attributes that must be improved which can be taken into consideration by the Informatics Engineering Study Program in improving learning and service. Based on the results of the user accepting test on 3 lecturers of the Informatics Engineering Study Program, the percentage is 79,16 %, it means that alumni satisfaction analysis system is in accordance with the needs. Keywords: alumni satisfaction, CSI, importance performance matrix, satisfaction analysis ABSTRAK Survei kepuasan alumni merupakan salah satu cara yang dilakukan Program Studi Teknik Informatika Universitas CIC Cirebon dalam upaya untuk memberikan pembelajaran dan pelayanan yang maksimal kepada mahasiswanya. Sebagai program studi yang memiliki jumlah mahasiswa dan lulusan terbanyak di Universitas CIC, Program Studi Teknik Informatika rutin mengadakan survei kepuasan alumni pada saat pendaftaran wisuda. Dimana hasil survei yang didapat kemudian dianalisis tingkat kepuasan dan tingkat harapannya. Namun terdapat permasalahan yaitu proses pengumpulan data survei yang masih menggunakan kertas, kemudian hasil yang didapat direkap untuk dianalisis melalui program SPSS. Dengan cara tersebut tentu akan memakan waktu yang cukup lama untuk menganalisisnya. Oleh karena itu diperlukan suatu sistem untuk menangani permasalahan tersebut. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini adalah membangun sistem analisis kepuasan alumni dengan metode analisis Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) dan Importance Performance Matrix (Matrix IPA). Setelah sistem berhasil diimplementasikan, alumni dapat mengisi survei dengan login terlebih dahulu menggunakan NIM masing-masing. Sistem akan menghasilkan analisis berupa informasi tingkatan kepuasan alumni secara keseluruhan dan menampilkan atribut yang harus ditingkatkan yang dapat menjadi bahan pertimbangan Program Studi Teknik Informatika dalam meningkatkan pembelajaran dan pelayanan. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian User Acceptance Test (UAT) terhadap 3 dosen Program Studi Teknik Informatika, didapat persentase sebesar 79,16% yang artinya sistem analisis kepuasan alumni ini sudah sesuai dengan kebutuhan. Kata Kunci: kepuasan alumni, csi, importance performance matrix, analisis kepuasan

This study aims to determine the differences learning outcomes and self-efficacy in students are given feedback after the use of Quizizz with Plickers. This research used a quasi-experimental method with a nonequivalent control group research design. Subjects in this research are the students of eleven grade of SMAN 10 Bandung. XI IPA 6 as an experimental class 1 was treated by giving feedback after using Quizizz, XI IPA 5 as an experimental class 2 was treated by giving feedback after using Plickers, and XI IPA 1 as a control class. The instrument in this research uses multiple-choice pre-test and post-test questions to measure cognitive learning outcomes and questionnaire statements to measure self-efficacy and saw students' responses to learning activities and evaluation tools used. The result of this research showed that there were differences learning outcomes and self-efficacy in students are given feedback after the use of Quizizz with Plickers. The class that were given feedback after using Quizizz showed higher average learning outcomes and higher percentage of self-efficacy compared to other classes. In addition, students' responses to learning activities and evaluation tools used were more positive in the class given feedback after using Quizizz compared to other classes.

A company definitely wants maximum profit in its business. High productivity is needed from employees who work in order to get maximum profit. But lately CV. Mulia Tata Sejahtera in meeting the needs of its consumers sometimes experiences delays from the predetermined schedule due to the large number of orders received, it is necessary to calculate the standard time with the downtime method for one of the products, namely the CPM knife. The purpose of this research is to identify working hours and effective working hours so that companies can increase their productivity and determine their daily production. The results of the research carried out obtained that the total standard time in making CPM Knives products was 70.86 minutes and employee productivity in making CPM Knives products was that a worker could complete 6.7 units of CPM Knives in 8 hours/day. Based on the calculation of the standard time it was decided to be 6 units/day so that there was a reduction in working hours for 49.79 minutes from 8 hours/day to 7 hours 10.21 minutes/day.

Jakarta Bay is located in the north of Jakarta City and is potentially polluted by hazardous chemical substances. Monitoring of water quality in this bay was carried out in March (west monsoon) and August (east monsoon) by the government of Jakarta. This monitor aims toknow the quality of Jakarta Bay and the importance of marine organisms, recreation and port area importance. The water sample is taken by using a watersampler in 19 stations. Water quality parameters collected were temperature, acidity (pH), dissolved oxygen (DO), salinity, transparency, turbidity, phosphate, nitrate and heavy metals mercury (Hg), Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Nickel (Ni), As, and Chromium (Cr), and we compare the data with seawater quality standards stated by Ministry of Environment of Indonesia. We determined the status of water quality using the Storet method. The results showed that, generally, the water quality in this water was insufficient to support the lifeof the marine organisms, recreation, and port area. According to the analysis ofwater quality status, this water was included in the C category (moderately polluted).

CV. Mulia Tata Sejahtera is a company that produces metal and wood parts using machines such as lathe, milling, drilling and CNC. The company has a production target of 2450 pcs in the 1st period, while the realization of the output produced in the 1st period production process is 2427 pcs. This shows the low level of company productivity. Therefore, this study is aimed at identifying the causes of the low level of productivity by taking into account the resources used. In addition, to provide suggestions for improvements that can be made to increase production efficiency and company productivity. To determine the productivity of CV. Mulia Tata Sejahtera for one period throughout 2020, the measurement of productivity is carried out with Marvin E. Mundel. In this study, three measurement criteria were carried out, namely, labor productivity index, labor absenteeism and production output. The lowest labor productivity index was found in the 6th period with 94.19, while the highest was in the 5th period with 105.98. The lowest labor absentee productivity index was in the 12th period with 69.44, while the highest was in the 6th period with 166.67. The productivity index of the lowest production output level was in the 12th period with 90.97, while the highest was in the 11th period with 110.49. In measuring the company's productivity, the trend is increasing and decreasing or fluctuation.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji kompos daun jati, air kelapa, limbah cair ampas tahu terhadap pertumbuhan rimpang dan kadar kurkumin temulawak. Dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap pola faktorial dengan 3 faktorial dan 3 kali ulangan, Faktor I : Konsentrasi kompos daun jati dengan 3 level, yaitu J0 = 0 %, J1 = 25 %, J2 = 50 %. Faktor II adalah pemberian air kelapa terdiri dari 3 taraf yaitu : K0 : (0 %), K1: 25 % dan K2 : 50 %. Faktor III adalah pemberian, limbah cair ampas tahu terdiri dari 3 taraf yaitu : T0 : (0 %), T1: 25 % dan T2 : 50 %. Perlakuan dengan menggunakan air kelapa j1k2t2 dan j2k2t2 menghasilkan tinggi tumbahan temulawak yang lebih tinggi dengan hasil masing-masing adalah 37,70 cm dan 37,60 cm. Kadar kurkumin yang dihasilkan dari perlakuan j1k2t2 dan j2k2t2 masing-masing adalah 59,94 mg/100 g dan 60,26 mg/100 g.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh penerapan model pembelajaran PDEODE (Predict-Discuss-Explain-Observe-Discuss-Explain) terhadap penguasaan konsep dan sikap ilmiah siswa pada pembelajaran konsep pencemaran lingkungan. Jenis penelitian adalah quasi experimental dengan desain non equivalent control goup pretest-posttest. Penelitian dilakukan di salah satu SMA Negeri di Bandung, terdiri dari dua kelas yaitu kelas eksperimen dan kontrol. Teknik penentuan sampel dilakukan melalui cluster random sampling. Berdasarkan uji statistika independent t test , hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model pembelajaran PDEODE berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap peningkatan penguasaan konsep siswa pada α0,05. Skor N-gain yang didapatkan kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol berada pada kategori yang sama yakni kategori sedang,yakni 0,58 pada kelas eksperimen dan 0,43 pada kelas kontrol. Persentase sikap ilmiah pada kelas eksperimen (83,13%%) lebih besar dibandingkan kelas kontro ((79,26%). Respon siswa terhadap pembelajaran PDEODE memberikan respon positif. Berdasarkan temuan dan hasil penelitian ini, maka model pembelajaran PDEODE dapat dijadikan salah satu alternatif model pembelajaran yang dapat diterapkan di sekolah yang berpusat pada siswa.

The socio-economic condition of the traditional fishermen in Blimbingsari Village is considered to be less than the optimum. This problem has happened due to the diminishing revenue from fishing activities. The opportunity to work in the off-fishing sectors available are also limited, thus this creates a problem for the fishermen when it comes to earning an additional income. The objective of this article is to explore the alternative economic resources’ potential, with the aim of increasing the fishermen's revenue, to overcome poverty, and to improve their welfare. This study used a qualitative method to analyse the data. The results of the study reveal that the diminishing revenue of the fishermen is caused by the scarcity of the fishery resources, the unstable weather conditions that affect the ability to sail, and the limited seafaring coverage. On the other hand, the marine eco-tourism sector may have the opportunity to assist in the improvement of the business diversification of fishing. Although the marine eco-tourism sector is running at a limited capacity, this sector is able to accommodate the development of tourism services. The fishermen's family members are able to be involved in their business activities. For instance, by becoming a helper in the fish stall business or even having the chance to establish their own business. The need for a fish supply for the fish stall business can be obtained from the local fishermen. Therefore, a mutual synergy between the eco-tourism and fishing sectors can be created by involving village-owned business, particularly when it comes to organising the local economic potential. This synergy can provide the chance to develop economic opportunities at a wider range. The rearrangement of the coastal area is also necessary to provide an opportunity for the local people to participate in coastal-based economic activities.

This article discusses the analysis of Islamic law against the distribution of the community's heirs in Sai Batin Marga Pasar Krui. The system used by the native people in Sai Batin Pesisir Barat is divided into two forms: first, the native peoples in Pasar Krui use the matriarchal major division system. Women are only entitled to live in the house and manage the garden, but not to sell it. If they do not have a daughter, the boy is also allowed to get the heirs. Second, the native peoples in Way Napal use the patrilineal division system. The absolute decision is possessed by the heirs as the owner and the absolute decision-maker. To whom the treasure will be distributed and the amount of it is determined by the decision of the testator. The way used in this distribution is washiyah (will). This is because they are still hard with the customary rules and their lack of understanding of the Islamic inheritance law that part of Islamic religious rules.