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Ambient air pollution, especially from fine particles, contributes to human mortality from cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, for which high blood pressure (BP) is a major modifiable risk factor. This study aimed to analyze the influence of ambient particulate matter (PM2.5) on the risk of high BP leading to hypertension. This study used a cross-sectional design on 118 adult women living in Central Jakarta, Indonesia. Participants were selected from a 1-km radius of the nearest air quality monitoring station with available data PM2.5. Linear regression was analyzed to examine the relationship between PM2.5 and systolic and diastolic BPs adjusted for potential confounders. The annual means of PM2.5 concentration was 36±5.74 µg/m3. The linear regression model showed that PM2.5 exposure was associated with systolic BP after controlling with age and body mass index (r = 0.408; R2 = 0.167). The second model showed that exposure to PM2.5 concentration could explain about 10.9% variation of diastolic BP after controlling with age, length of stay, body mass index, smoking status, and diabetes mellitus record. Ambient air PM2.5 has a risk of BP and hypertension among adult women in Central Jakarta. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia still faces some challenges in the field of water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) especially in Jakarta. Environmental disease such as diarrhea becomes the cause of death on toddlers in Indonesia. The region with the most cases of diarrhea is Johar Baru Subdistrict with proportion 17% of all Subdistricts in Central Jakarta area and becomes the region with the most populous place in Jakarta. This analysis aims to determine the source of potential pollution of diarrhea in Johar Baru Subdistrict. The research method used was cross sectional study design. The research results show that mothers’ education, the habit of washing the hand by using soap, family income, type of clean water sources, facility of waste disposal, and risk of clean water source pollution influence the occurance of diarrhea on toddlers. The dominant factor of diarrhea case on toddlers is the risk of clean water source pollution and the habit of washing the hand by using soap. The effort of diarrhea prevention is such as conducting city water security at slums of the city with high populous and makes washing the hand with soap as the habit in the society completed with the facility of hand washing.

The increasing greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere contribute to increasing average temperature earth’s surface. This research investigated relationship between variation of GHGs and human thermal comfort based on humidity index (humidex). This study applied humidex, an indices to assess the thermal comfort. The analysis was done by examining the observational data from two different monitoring stations in Serpong and Bogor. The result showed that the average CO2 concentration per month ranged between 422 and 453 ppm in Serpong, whereas in Bogor the average CO2 concentration per month was 413-426 ppm. The average CH4 concentration per month variation in Serpong was 2.05-2.65 ppm. While in Bogor, the average CH4 concentration per month variation ranged between 1.92 and 2.08 ppm. The difference of GHGs concentration in each location might be influenced by meteorological parameters and environmental characteristics. The comfort level according to humidex in Serpong was 30.5-41.5 whereas in Bogor was 29.4-38.5. The correlation between GHGs concentration and air temperature in urban areas in both stations showed a significant and strong but negative relationship. The relationship between GHGs concentration and humidex was indirectly indicated by the relationship of GHGs concentration on air temperature as indicator of humidex.

Building efficiency policy has implemented Indonesia. However, energy consumption in building sector remains significantly increased. Jakarta Government relied on AC in providing a comfortable condition for its service it consumed 57% of its total energy consumption. Current available energy monitoring method based on the expensive electrical device, so a new method using regional budget expenditure is developed in this research. This study established: Field study (6 buildings), regional budget expenditure analysis (313 buildings) on thermal comfort and building energy in 112 administrative office building equipped with Natural air ventilated (NV) and Air Conditioned (AC) and 224 building occupants/building manager were taking part in this research. Quantitative method used in this research with variables: thermal comfort (Air temperature, Relative humidity, radiant temperature, Air velocity, and personal clothing index) with Fanger’s Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) method calculation. Another variable used in this research is government standard for Building Energy Consumption Index (IKE) through regional government budget analysis. During an early stage, the budget analysis shows 6 out of 112 office buildings energy consumption (electricity) categorised as ‘extravagant.’ Field study higher IKE caused by too cold temperature setting, underperformed Air Conditioning System, building envelope and ventilation or ‘inappropriate’ building orientation (facing east-west).

Polymorphisms in the Aminolevulinic Acid Dehydratase (ALAD) gene responsible for the ALAD1 and ALAD2 alleles have been implicated in susceptibility to lead toxicity. This study aimed to determine the allelic frequency of ALAD2 among children living in Bogor District, Indonesia, and its association with blood lead levels (BLLs) and lead toxicity. A cross-sectional study involving 128 children was conducted during September-October 2019 in the former ULAB area in Cinangka Village. The ALAD polymorphism, BLLs, and hematological parameters were evaluated. Blood samples were taken for dried blood spotting on filter paper, blood film, and BLL measurement. The PCR amplification and sequencing of the genomic DNA revealed the presence of two forms of the ALAD2 allele: 177C and 177T with a frequency of 0.05. Analysis of the correlation between the ALAD2 allele, BLLs, and basophilic stippling revealed that ALAD2 carriers had a five times higher risk of high BLLs, (OR = 5.359, p-value = 0.155) and had a slightly higher risk of exhibiting basophilic stippling (OR = 1.09, p-value = 1.000). Although not statistically significant, these findings suggested that the ALAD genotype may modify BLLs and lead to toxicity. The ALAD2 allele (177T) is firstly reported in any population in the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]