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Infectious bronchitis (IBV) is an economically important acute, highly contagious disease affecting poultry worldwide. The primary place of IBV replication is the upper respiratory tract from where infection can spread to reproductive organs causing a decrease in egg production and the occurrence of misshapen eggs, changes in shells, and watery albumen leading to lowquality eggs. In our study, samples were submitted to determine causative agents that resulted in respiratory signs of hens and altered egg quality. The hen carcass was inspected by gross pathology and histopathology. Based on pathological findings, tissue samples of the trachea, kidney, ovary, and tracheal and cloacal swabs were tested by rtRT-PCR using two sets of primers. Histopathology findings and the first set of primers confirmed the presence of coronavirus in the tracheal tissue sample. This sample was further tested with an IBV-specific set of primers which undoubtedly confirmed the presence of IBV RNA. Although IBV vaccination in our country is common practice, this study shows that despite vaccines it can come to breach of IBV infection that could cause substantial economic losses. Eggs are considered one of the primal sources of protein, and shells as the primal barrier against microorganisms, must not have any defects to secure eggs' quality and safety. IBV infection does not represent a risk to public health, but its occurrence in production may result in low egg quality and difficulties in the placement of the product on the market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION Immunization is healthcare attainment and the most cost-effective protection for the individual and the entire population. However, despite increased COVID-19 vaccine supplies, there is hesitancy and refusal to vaccinate. We aim to assess medical and non-medical students’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding vaccination and COVID-19, at two major universities. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study, surveying students at two universities in Sarajevo Canton and Rijeka, from 18 February to 1 May 2021 for sociodemographic characteristics, vaccine knowledge, attitudes, and practices. An anonymous self-administered questionnaire was used, and the data were statistically processed. RESULTS There was a significant difference among groups of participants’ attitudes toward vaccination (p=0.001). Significant differences in vaccine knowledge were revealed between two groups of students: medical and non-medical (p=0.001). The primary information sources for immunization among students were healthcare professionals, followed by the Internet and social networks, professional literature, TV and media, friends and families, and magazines. CONCLUSIONS Our findings confirmed potential areas where targeted interventions could be implemented to improve knowledge about immunization and COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of MESO is the property of Zadruzna Stampa D.D. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of MESO is the property of Zadruzna Stampa D.D. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Campylobacters are the most commonly reported bacterial gastrointestinal pathogens in humans. In the EU, the number of reported and confirmed human campylobacteriosis cases was 48.6 per 100,000 population in 2010. Poultry is considered to be the main reservoir of Campylobacter because they persist in the gastrointestinal tract of birds in industrial poultry flocks; Campylobacter-contaminated poultry meat and meat products are an important risk factor for campylobacteriosis in humans. The aim of this study was to establish the prevalence, genetic diversity and geographical relationships of Campylobacter isolates from an assortment of broiler flocks in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The calculated Campylobacter prevalence in faecal samples, based on isolation of Campylobacter spp. from selected broiler farms in the period from October 2009 to June 2010, was 62.0 %. At slaughter line, skin/carcass samples were positive in 18 out of 31 Campylobacter-positive farms (58.1 %). A total of 44 isolates (35 Campylobacter jejuni and nine Campylobacter coli) from caecal contents (n=31) and skin/carcasses (n=13) of chicken were genotyped by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) using Sma I. In general, the obtained C.jejuni and C. coli isolates exhibited limited genetic diversity. Only isolates with identical or very similar profiles were found on individual Campylobacter-positive farms. In addition, skin/carcass isolates showed the same or very similar profiles to campylobacters isolated from pooled caecal content originating from the same broiler batch. Accordingly, carcass cross contamination could not be observed in slaughter line samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]