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The electrical and thermal properties of composite cathode materials Pr1−xSrxFe1−yCoyO3 (x= 0.3,0.4; y = 0.2): GDC and La2Ni1-xCoxO4+δ (x= 0.2): GDC for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) were investigated. As the second component of the composites, GDC electrolyte was chosen. The reason for this choice is that GDC has greater chemical inertness in relation to cathode materials compared to YSZ. Additionally, GDC is characterized by higher ionic conductivity, which makes it preferable for use in composites. The sintering kinetics of composite materials differs significantly from that of pure cathode materials, with the sintering temperature being several degrees lower for composite materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The design of metal-supported solid oxide fuel cells (MS-SOFCs) has again aroused interest in recent years due to their low cost of materials, strength, and resistance to thermal cycling, as well as the advantages of manufacturability. MS-SOFCs are promising electrochemical devices for hydrogen energy. Compared to SOFCs, where ceramic electrodes or electrolytes are used as a carrier base, they are of great interest due to their fast start-up capability, greater reliability, mechanical stability, and resistance to the thermal cycle. MS-SOFCs have many advantages over conventional ceramic-based SOFCs, with the selection of metal-based electrode materials (anode, cathode) and their degradation processes being some of the biggest challenges facing researchers. Therefore, this review reports on the state of the latest research on MS-SOFCs with various structures, discusses the corresponding electrode materials and their existing problems, and puts forward topical issues that need to be addressed in MS-SOFCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The demand for energy has increased tremendously around the whole world due to rapid urbanization and booming industrialization. Energy is the major key to achieving an improved social life, but energy production and utilization processes are the main contributors to environmental pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. Mitigation of the energy crisis and reduction in pollution (water and air) difficulties are the leading research topics nowadays. Carbonaceous materials offer some of the best solutions to minimize these problems in an easy and effective way. It is also advantageous that the sources of carbon-based materials are economical, the synthesis processes are comfortable, and the applications are environmentally friendly. Among carbonaceous materials, activated carbons, graphene, and carbon nanotubes have shown outstanding performance in mitigating the energy crisis and environmental pollution. These three carbonaceous materials exhibit unique adsorption properties for energy storage, water purification, and gas cleansing due to their outstanding electrical conductivity, large specific surface areas, and strong mechanical strength. This paper reviews the synthesis methods for activated carbons, carbon nanotubes, and graphene and their significant applications in energy storage, water treatment, and carbon dioxide gas capture to improve environmental sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

EPR study of TE from teeth donors in KOSHKAR–ATA region. During the first year we received22 tooth samples from local people in KOSHKAR–ATA region; the teeth were removed by dentists in accordance with their medical prescriptions. Obtained data showed that radiation signal in the analyzed samples corresponds to doses not exceeding 0.3 Gy; only one sample carriers the signal of (0.35±0.15)Gy.

In the present study, the temperature dependences of the thermoelectromotive force (thermo–emf) in copper selenide, substituted in a small concentration, were studied. The results of the measurements showed that the thermo–emf coefficient of the samples increases, and the conductivity decreases with increasing silver concentration in its composition. These results allow – with optimal selection of the doping regime and protective coatings – to develop on the basis of nanostructured copper selenide an effective thermoelectric for use at temperatures of 20–500°C as p–type semiconductors suitable for increasing the efficiency of thermoelectric generators.

In order to estimate radiation effects on uranium enterprise staff and population teeth samples were collected for EPR tooth enamel dosimetry from population of Stepnogorsk city and staff of uranium mining enterprise in Shantobe settlment (Akmola region, North of Kazakhstan). By measurements of tooth enamel EPR spectra, the total absorbed dose in the enamel samples and added doses after subtraction of the contribution of natural background radiation are determined. For the population of Stepnogorsk city average added dose value of 4 +/- 11 mGy with variation of 51 mGy was obtained. For the staff of uranium mining enterprise in Shantobe settlment average value of added dose 95 +/- 20 mGy, with 85 mGy variation was obtained. Higher doses and the average value and a large variation for the staff, probably is due to the contribution of occupational exposure.

This paper deals with the study of the optical properties of one-dimensional SrTiO 3 /PAN-based photocatalysts with the addition of metal oxide particles and the determination of their bandgaps. One-dimensional photocatalysts were obtained by the electrospinning method. Particles of metals such as iron, chromium, and copper were used as additives that are capable of improving the fibers' photocatalytic properties based on SrTiO 3 /PAN. The optimal ratios of the solutions for the electrospinning of fibers based on SrTiO 3 /PAN with the addition of metal oxide particles were determined. The transmission and reflection of composite photocatalysts with metal oxide particles were measured in a wide range of spectra, from the ultraviolet region (185 nm) to near-infrared radiation (3600 nm), to determine the values of their bandgaps. Thus, the introduction of metal oxide particles resulted in a decrease in the bandgaps of the obtained composite photocatalysts compared to the initial SrTiO 3 /PAN (3.57 eV), with the following values: -3.11 eV for SrTiO 3 /PAN/Fe 2 O 3 , -2.84 eV for SrTiO 3 /PAN/CuO, and -2.89 eV for SrTiO 3 /PAN/Cr 2 O 3 . The obtained composite photocatalysts were tested for the production of hydrogen by the splitting of water-methanol mixtures under UV irradiation, and the following rates of hydrogen evolution were determined: 344.67 µmol h -1 g -1 for SrTiO 3 /PAN/Fe 2 O 3 , 398.93 µmol h -1 g -1 for SrTiO 3 /PAN/Cr 2 O 3 , and 420.82 µmol h -1 g -1 for SrTiO 3 /PAN/CuO.