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Teknolojinin,yaşam şartlarının, güç unsurlarının, çalışma biçimlerinin ve daha pek çokfarklı olgunun değişmesiyle ofis mimarisi zaman içerisinde seri bir dönüşüm geçirmiştir.21. yüzyıl başlarında ortaya çıkan yeni iş tanımları nedeniyle ‘istediğin yerdeistediğin zaman çalışmak’ eğilimi ve kurumdan bağımsız bir ofis olgusu gündemegelmiştir. Ortak bir mekânı paylaşan bireylerin belirgin olmayan sürelerde vezaman aralıklarında çalışabilmelerine imkân sunan ve yeni nesil çalışma biçimiolarak gündeme gelen ortak çalışma (co-working) kavramı, özellikle bağımsızçalışan bireyler tarafından yoğun biçimde benimsenmiştir. Bu eğilimin birsonucu olarak enformel çalışma mekânları çeşitli düzeylerde toplu kullanımlarıngerçekleştiği kamusal alanlara yayılarak çeşitlenmiştir. Bu çalışmada öncelikleortak çalışma (co-working) olgusunun ortaya çıkışı ve gelişiminden bahsedilmiş,İstanbul’un Kadıköy ve Karaköy gibi merkezi semtlerinde yaygın olarak gözlenen “kafedeçalışma” olgusu belirli mekânlar üzerinden değerlendirilmiştir. Kafelerde yerbulan enformel çalışma alanları gözlem, görüşme ve anket yöntemlerikullanılarak kullanıcı profilleri, kullanıcı ihtiyaçları, tercih edilmenedenleri ile mimari tasarımları ve kullanım biçimleri üzerinden irdelenmiş, bazısonuç ve önerilere yer verilmiştir., Officearchitecture has undergone a series of transformations over time with thechanges to technology, living conditions, power elements, working patterns andmany other things. At the beginning of the 21st century, due to new jobdescriptions, there was a tendency to 'work whenever and wherever you want' andbrought, an office concept independent from the institution, to the agenda. Theconcept of “co-working” as a new generation of work which allows individualswho share a common place to work in unspecific times and time periods, has beenheavily adopted by independent workers. As a result of this tendency, informalworking spaces have been diversified by spreading to public areas where massuse takes place at various levels. In this study, firstly the emergence anddevelopment of the “co-working” phenomenon was mentioned, and the "studyin the cafe" phenomenon commonly observed in the central districts ofIstanbul such as Kadıköy and Karaköy was evaluated in certain places. Theinformal work areas found in cafes were examined through user profiles, userneeds, preference reasons, architectural designs and usage patterns by usingobservation, interview and questionnaire methods and some results andsuggestions were given.

World’s population today, most of them living in cities, have been isolated from the natural environment, combat with the physical and mental health problems like the loss of productivity, chronic fatigue, depression etc. due to stress-related disorders. Moving from the estimation that 70% of the world’s population will be living in the cities in the coming years, re-establishing the human-nature relationship and presentation of the experience possibilities of nature as a therapy tool for urbanists can be expected to be significant. The concept of biophilia defined by social psychologist Erich Fromm in 1964 for the first time defends that there is an instinctive connection need between human and other living systems. In the case of rupture of this connection, occurrence of various physical and psychological drawbacks in human health has been proven by several scientific investigations. Biophilic architecture arising from the implementation of a psychological originated concept to the architecture, took place as an intense-studied area in the literature especially in 2000 and beyond. Biophilic design draws attention to the emotional aspect of the interaction need with the natural environment while sustainable design approaches physical and material-oriented to the natural processes required by people. Sustainable architecture focuses on reducing the environmental impact of the buildings and remains insufficient to re-establish the human-nature relationship. Biophilic design aims to fill his gap becoming the architectural design of life. In this study, biophilia phenomenon is examined approaching sustainability by putting the protection of the human and humans’ physical/psychological health in center. Main design principles of the biophilic architecture are discussed through current scientific studies and architectural projects.

The sites of primary schools in particular are of great importance in terms of the opportunities they provide for students, such as getting fresh air, establishing relations with nature and external environments, and learning about nature through experience. In this context, the sustainable design criteria of school sites becomes an important factor. The Eco-Schools International Programme aims to introduce environmental management systems into primary schools within the scope of ISO 14001/EMAS. It has a crucial task of educating new generations and promoting sustainable development throughout the world. This study examines primary eco-schools located in Istanbul. A questionnaire-based survey was administered on the theme of school sites and the findings of the study were examined. Questionnaire findings were categorised under five main themes. According to the topics of the questionnaire study, eco-schools in Istanbul often exhibit a successful performance in terms of sustainable transport and parking ar...

As in all building types, water conservation is important in various ways in primary education buildings that see intensive use. In addition to environmental and economic benefi ts, systematic application of sustainable water management in elementary education buildings also makes a positive contribution to the education of future generations. The ‘Eco-Schools International Programme’, which is an organization established for achieving these goals, was established in 1994 with European Union support. The programme aims to introduce environmental management systems into primary schools within the scope of ISO 14001/EMAS. It has a crucial task of educating new generations and sustainable development throughout the world. All the previous studies conducted on eco-schools indicate that they are healthier places to learn and work, they have minimal negative impact on the environment and they have lower operating costs compared to conventional schools. This study examines elementary schools in Istanbul, which are part of the Eco-Schools International Programme. A questionnaire study was administered on the theme of water management within elementary schools located in the Asian and European parts of Istanbul city, and the fi ndings of a fi eld survey were examined. Questionnaire fi ndings were gathered according to these headings under two main categories: water use and water conservation policies at outdoor environments of eco-schools (landscape water conservation measures at eco-schools, irrigation technology and irrigation timing and frequency) and water use and water conservation policies at indoor environments of the eco-schools (types of water conservative components and equipments, hot water, water and energy conservation features (eco-label) of electrical appliances and maintenance of water-related equipment). According to these topics of questionnaire study, eco-schools at Istanbul often exhibit a successful performance in terms of water conservation policies. However insuffi cient use of collected rainwater, treated wastewater and advanced and environmentally friendly irrigation technologies at outdoor environments of eco-schools have been observed. Similarly, it has been observed that usage of different technological enhancements towards conservative wares usage like hand-basin taps of the push-on or self-stopping types are used at a very low rate at indoor environments of the eco-schools.

The present age provides that the new production technologies are in a continuous experimental production in terms of both quantitative and rapidness criteria. Thinking and testing speed comes closer with these experiences. Knowledge management systems begin to be more important when knowledge and experience generated in the virtual environment with the increased processing of information exceeds the individual’s processing capacity. The continuous transformation process with new technologies, organizational models and cross-distance communication, installs a variety of responsibilities to both academic and professional environment. In this study, based on Aristotle’s fundamental “theory” (theoria), “practice” (praxis), “poetik” (poiesis), parser for disciplinary point of view will be discussed related to “thinking”, “doing” and “creating” actions. The different nature of design disciplines in relation to theoretical knowledge, practical knowledge, and creative knowledge will also be discussed.

Approximately 50% of the energy produced on earth is used by buildings. As for all building types, ensuring the energy conservation in primary school buildings is important in many ways. In addition to environmental and economic benefits, the systematic application of sustainable energy consumption in primary school buildings also makes a positive contribution to the education of future generations. The “Eco-Schools International Programme” aims to introduce environmental management systems into primary schools within the scope of ISO 14001/EMAS. This study examines primary schools in Istanbul that are part of the Eco-Schools International Programme. A questionnaire-based survey was administered on the theme of energy management within primary schools located in Istanbul city, and the findings of a field observation were examined. Questionnaire findings were categorized under three main themes: energy usage and conservation policies at the eco-schools’ buildings’ envelope, energy usage and conservation policies in the indoor environments of eco-schools; and types of energy sources used at eco-schools. According to the main results of the study; solar control elements on the facades, methods aimed at energy conservation from windows, energy-effective woodwork applications and independent control of energy systems (which are used in a small proportion of eco-schools) should be discussed and integrated in all eco-school buildings. It is seen that natural gas is used by 100% of survey respondents and that renewable energy resources are used only at low levels for testing purposes and/or to make small contributions to energy gain. In this context, expanded use of renewable energies at all the eco-schools should be considered.

In addition to environmental and economic benefits, systematic application of sustainable waste management in elementary education buildings also makes a positive contribution to the education of future generations. This study examines elementary schools in Istanbul, which are part of the Eco-Schools International Programme. This programme was established in 1994 with European Union support and it aims to introduce environmental management systems into primary schools within the scope of ISO 14001/EMAS. A questionnaire study was administered on the theme of litter management and sustainable waste management within elementary schools located in the Asian and European parts of Istanbul city, and the findings of a field survey were examined. Questionnaire findings were gathered under five themes: litter management, composting of organic waste, re-use of school materials, reducing consumption–selection of recycled products, waste management and sorting of recyclable materials.