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1. Decadal increases in carbon uptake offset by respiratory losses across northern permafrost ecosystems

Author

See, Craig R, Virkkala, Anna-Maria, Natali, Susan M, Rogers, Brendan M, Mauritz, Marguerite, Biasi, Christina, Bokhorst, Stef, Boike, Julia, Bret-Harte, M Syndonia, Celis, Gerardo, Chae, Namyi, Christensen, Torben R, Murner (Connon), Sara June, Dengel, Sigrid, Dolman, Han, Edgar, Colin W, Elberling, Bo, Emmerton, Craig A, Euskirchen, Eugénie S, Göckede, Mathias, Grelle, Achim, Heffernan, Liam, Helbig, Manuel, Holl, David, Humphreys, Elyn, Iwata, Hiroki, Järveoja, Järvi, Kobayashi, Hideki, Kochendorfer, John, Kolari, Pasi, Kotani, Ayumi, Kutzbach, Lars, Kwon, Min Jung, Lathrop, Emma R, López-Blanco, Efrén, Mammarella, Ivan, Marushchak, Maija E, Mastepanov, Mikhail, Matsuura, Yojiro, Merbold, Lutz, Meyer, Gesa, Minions, Christina, Nilsson, Mats B, Nojeim, Julia, Oberbauer, Steven F, Olefeldt, David, Park, Sang-Jong, Parmentier, Frans-Jan W, Peichl, Matthias, Peter, Darcy, Petrov, Roman, Poyatos, Rafael, Prokushkin, Anatoly S, Quinton, William, Rodenhizer, Heidi, Sachs, Torsten, Savage, Kathleen, Schulze, Christopher, Sjögersten, Sofie, Sonnentag, Oliver, St. Louis, Vincent L, Torn, Margaret S, Tuittila, Eeva-Stiina, Ueyama, Masahito, Varlagin, Andrej, Voigt, Carolina, Watts, Jennifer D, Zona, Donatella, Zyryanov, Viacheslav I, and Schuur, Edward AG

Subjects
Agricultural, Veterinary and Food Sciences, Biological Sciences, Ecology, Forestry Sciences, Atmospheric Sciences, Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, Environmental Science and Management
Abstract

Tundra and boreal ecosystems encompass the northern circumpolar permafrost region and are experiencing rapid environmental change with important implications for the global carbon (C) budget. We analysed multi-decadal time series containing 302 annual estimates of carbon dioxide (CO2) flux across 70 permafrost and non-permafrost ecosystems, and 672 estimates of summer CO2 flux across 181 ecosystems. We find an increase in the annual CO2 sink across non-permafrost ecosystems but not permafrost ecosystems, despite similar increases in summer uptake. Thus, recent non-growing-season CO2 losses have substantially impacted the CO2 balance of permafrost ecosystems. Furthermore, analysis of interannual variability reveals warmer summers amplify the C cycle (increase productivity and respiration) at putatively nitrogen-limited sites and at sites less reliant on summer precipitation for water use. Our findings suggest that water and nutrient availability will be important predictors of the C-cycle response of these ecosystems to future warming.

Published
2024

3. The ABCflux database: Arctic–boreal CO2 flux observations and ancillary information aggregated to monthly time steps across terrestrial ecosystems

Author

Virkkala, Anna-Maria, Natali, Susan M, Rogers, Brendan M, Watts, Jennifer D, Savage, Kathleen, Connon, Sara June, Mauritz, Marguerite, Schuur, Edward AG, Peter, Darcy, Minions, Christina, Nojeim, Julia, Commane, Roisin, Emmerton, Craig A, Goeckede, Mathias, Helbig, Manuel, Holl, David, Iwata, Hiroki, Kobayashi, Hideki, Kolari, Pasi, López-Blanco, Efrén, Marushchak, Maija E, Mastepanov, Mikhail, Merbold, Lutz, Parmentier, Frans-Jan W, Peichl, Matthias, Sachs, Torsten, Sonnentag, Oliver, Ueyama, Masahito, Voigt, Carolina, Aurela, Mika, Boike, Julia, Celis, Gerardo, Chae, Namyi, Christensen, Torben R, Bret-Harte, M Syndonia, Dengel, Sigrid, Dolman, Han, Edgar, Colin W, Elberling, Bo, Euskirchen, Eugenie, Grelle, Achim, Hatakka, Juha, Humphreys, Elyn, Järveoja, Järvi, Kotani, Ayumi, Kutzbach, Lars, Laurila, Tuomas, Lohila, Annalea, Mammarella, Ivan, Matsuura, Yojiro, Meyer, Gesa, Nilsson, Mats B, Oberbauer, Steven F, Park, Sang-Jong, Petrov, Roman, Prokushkin, Anatoly S, Schulze, Christopher, St. Louis, Vincent L, Tuittila, Eeva-Stiina, Tuovinen, Juha-Pekka, Quinton, William, Varlagin, Andrej, Zona, Donatella, and Zyryanov, Viacheslav I

Subjects
Earth Sciences, Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, Atmospheric Sciences, Geoinformatics, Geochemistry, Atmospheric sciences, Physical geography and environmental geoscience
Abstract

Past efforts to synthesize and quantify the magnitude and change in carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems across the rapidly warming Arctic-boreal zone (ABZ) have provided valuable information but were limited in their geographical and temporal coverage. Furthermore, these efforts have been based on data aggregated over varying time periods, often with only minimal site ancillary data, thus limiting their potential to be used in large-scale carbon budget assessments. To bridge these gaps, we developed a standardized monthly database of Arctic-boreal CO2 fluxes (ABCflux) that aggregates in situ measurements of terrestrial net ecosystem CO2 exchange and its derived partitioned component fluxes: gross primary productivity and ecosystem respiration. The data span from 1989 to 2020 with over 70 supporting variables that describe key site conditions (e.g., vegetation and disturbance type), micrometeorological and environmental measurements (e.g., air and soil temperatures), and flux measurement techniques. Here, we describe these variables, the spatial and temporal distribution of observations, the main strengths and limitations of the database, and the potential research opportunities it enables. In total, ABCflux includes 244 sites and 6309 monthly observations; 136 sites and 2217 monthly observations represent tundra, and 108 sites and 4092 observations represent the boreal biome. The database includes fluxes estimated with chamber (19% of the monthly observations), snow diffusion (3%) and eddy covariance (78%) techniques. The largest number of observations were collected during the climatological summer (June-August; 32%), and fewer observations were available for autumn (September-October; 25%), winter (December-February; 18%), and spring (March-May; 25%). ABCflux can be used in a wide array of empirical, remote sensing and modeling studies to improve understanding of the regional and temporal variability in CO2 fluxes and to better estimate the terrestrial ABZ CO2 budget. ABCflux is openly and freely available online (Virkkala et al., 2021b, 10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1934). Copyright:

Published
2022

4. Earlier snowmelt may lead to late season declines in plant productivity and carbon sequestration in Arctic tundra ecosystems

Author

Zona, Donatella, Lafleur, Peter M, Hufkens, Koen, Bailey, Barbara, Gioli, Beniamino, Burba, George, Goodrich, Jordan P, Liljedahl, Anna K, Euskirchen, Eugénie S, Watts, Jennifer D, Farina, Mary, Kimball, John S, Heimann, Martin, Göckede, Mathias, Pallandt, Martijn, Christensen, Torben R, Mastepanov, Mikhail, López-Blanco, Efrén, Jackowicz-Korczynski, Marcin, Dolman, Albertus J, Marchesini, Luca Belelli, Commane, Roisin, Wofsy, Steven C, Miller, Charles E, Lipson, David A, Hashemi, Josh, Arndt, Kyle A, Kutzbach, Lars, Holl, David, Boike, Julia, Wille, Christian, Sachs, Torsten, Kalhori, Aram, Song, Xia, Xu, Xiaofeng, Humphreys, Elyn R, Koven, Charles D, Sonnentag, Oliver, Meyer, Gesa, Gosselin, Gabriel H, Marsh, Philip, and Oechel, Walter C

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Ecology, Life on Land, Arctic Regions, Carbon Dioxide, Carbon Sequestration, Climate Change, Ecosystem, Plants, Seasons, Soil, Tundra
Abstract

Arctic warming is affecting snow cover and soil hydrology, with consequences for carbon sequestration in tundra ecosystems. The scarcity of observations in the Arctic has limited our understanding of the impact of covarying environmental drivers on the carbon balance of tundra ecosystems. In this study, we address some of these uncertainties through a novel record of 119 site-years of summer data from eddy covariance towers representing dominant tundra vegetation types located on continuous permafrost in the Arctic. Here we found that earlier snowmelt was associated with more tundra net CO2 sequestration and higher gross primary productivity (GPP) only in June and July, but with lower net carbon sequestration and lower GPP in August. Although higher evapotranspiration (ET) can result in soil drying with the progression of the summer, we did not find significantly lower soil moisture with earlier snowmelt, nor evidence that water stress affected GPP in the late growing season. Our results suggest that the expected increased CO2 sequestration arising from Arctic warming and the associated increase in growing season length may not materialize if tundra ecosystems are not able to continue sequestering CO2 later in the season.

Published
2022

6. Arctic permafrost

Author

Boike, Julia, primary, Abramov, Andrey, additional, Bennett, Katrina E., additional, and Kutzbach, Lars, additional

Published
2023
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7. Large loss of CO2 in winter observed across the northern permafrost region

Author

Natali, Susan M, Watts, Jennifer D, Rogers, Brendan M, Potter, Stefano, Ludwig, Sarah M, Selbmann, Anne-Katrin, Sullivan, Patrick F, Abbott, Benjamin W, Arndt, Kyle A, Birch, Leah, Björkman, Mats P, Bloom, A Anthony, Celis, Gerardo, Christensen, Torben R, Christiansen, Casper T, Commane, Roisin, Cooper, Elisabeth J, Crill, Patrick, Czimczik, Claudia, Davydov, Sergey, Du, Jinyang, Egan, Jocelyn E, Elberling, Bo, Euskirchen, Eugenie S, Friborg, Thomas, Genet, Hélène, Göckede, Mathias, Goodrich, Jordan P, Grogan, Paul, Helbig, Manuel, Jafarov, Elchin E, Jastrow, Julie D, Kalhori, Aram AM, Kim, Yongwon, Kimball, John S, Kutzbach, Lars, Lara, Mark J, Larsen, Klaus S, Lee, Bang-Yong, Liu, Zhihua, Loranty, Michael M, Lund, Magnus, Lupascu, Massimo, Madani, Nima, Malhotra, Avni, Matamala, Roser, McFarland, Jack, McGuire, A David, Michelsen, Anders, Minions, Christina, Oechel, Walter C, Olefeldt, David, Parmentier, Frans-Jan W, Pirk, Norbert, Poulter, Ben, Quinton, William, Rezanezhad, Fereidoun, Risk, David, Sachs, Torsten, Schaefer, Kevin, Schmidt, Niels M, Schuur, Edward AG, Semenchuk, Philipp R, Shaver, Gaius, Sonnentag, Oliver, Starr, Gregory, Treat, Claire C, Waldrop, Mark P, Wang, Yihui, Welker, Jeffrey, Wille, Christian, Xu, Xiaofeng, Zhang, Zhen, Zhuang, Qianlai, and Zona, Donatella

Subjects
Agricultural, Veterinary and Food Sciences, Biological Sciences, Forestry Sciences, Climate Action, Atmospheric Sciences, Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, Environmental Science and Management
Abstract

Recent warming in the Arctic, which has been amplified during the winter1-3, greatly enhances microbial decomposition of soil organic matter and subsequent release of carbon dioxide (CO2)4. However, the amount of CO2 released in winter is highly uncertain and has not been well represented by ecosystem models or by empirically-based estimates5,6. Here we synthesize regional in situ observations of CO2 flux from arctic and boreal soils to assess current and future winter carbon losses from the northern permafrost domain. We estimate a contemporary loss of 1662 Tg C yr-1 from the permafrost region during the winter season (October through April). This loss is greater than the average growing season carbon uptake for this region estimated from process models (-1032 Tg C yr-1). Extending model predictions to warmer conditions in 2100 indicates that winter CO2 emissions will increase 17% under a moderate mitigation scenario-Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5-and 41% under business-as-usual emissions scenario-RCP 8.5. Our results provide a new baseline for winter CO2 emissions from northern terrestrial regions and indicate that enhanced soil CO2 loss due to winter warming may offset growing season carbon uptake under future climatic conditions.

Published
2019

8. FLUXNET-CH4 Synthesis Activity: Objectives, Observations, and Future Directions FLUXNET-CH4 Synthesis Activity: Objectives, Observations, and Future Directions

Author

Knox, Sara H, Jackson, Robert B, Poulter, Benjamin, McNicol, Gavin, Fluet-Chouinard, Etienne, Zhang, Zhen, Hugelius, Gustaf, Bousquet, Philippe, Canadell, Josep G, Saunois, Marielle, Papale, Dario, Chu, Housen, Keenan, Trevor F, Baldocchi, Dennis, Torn, Margaret S, Mammarella, Ivan, Trotta, Carlo, Aurela, Mika, Bohrer, Gil, Campbell, David I, Cescatti, Alessandro, Chamberlain, Samuel, Chen, Jiquan, Chen, Weinan, Dengel, Sigrid, Desai, Ankur R, Euskirchen, Eugenie, Friborg, Thomas, Gasbarra, Daniele, Goded, Ignacio, Goeckede, Mathias, Heimann, Martin, Helbig, Manuel, Hirano, Takashi, Hollinger, David Y, Iwata, Hiroki, Kang, Minseok, Klatt, Janina, Krauss, Ken W, Kutzbach, Lars, Lohila, Annalea, Mitra, Bhaskar, Morin, Timothy H, Nilsson, Mats B, Niu, Shuli, Noormets, Asko, Oechel, Walter C, Peichl, Matthias, Peltola, Olli, Reba, Michele L, Richardson, Andrew D, Runkle, Benjamin RK, Ryu, Youngryel, Sachs, Torsten, Schäfer, Karina VR, Schmid, Hans Peter, Shurpali, Narasinha, Sonnentag, Oliver, Tang, Angela CI, Ueyama, Masahito, Vargas, Rodrigo, Vesala, Timo, Ward, Eric J, Windham-Myers, Lisamarie, Wohlfahrt, Georg, and Zona, Donatella

Subjects
Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Sciences, Climate Change Science, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences, Atmospheric sciences, Climate change science
Abstract

We describe a new coordination activity and initial results for a global synthesis of eddy covariance CH4 flux measurements.

Published
2019

9. Vegetation type is an important predictor of the arctic summer land surface energy budget

Author

Oehri, Jacqueline, Schaepman-Strub, Gabriela, Kim, Jin-Soo, Grysko, Raleigh, Kropp, Heather, Grünberg, Inge, Zemlianskii, Vitalii, Sonnentag, Oliver, Euskirchen, Eugénie S., Reji Chacko, Merin, Muscari, Giovanni, Blanken, Peter D., Dean, Joshua F., di Sarra, Alcide, Harding, Richard J., Sobota, Ireneusz, Kutzbach, Lars, Plekhanova, Elena, Riihelä, Aku, Boike, Julia, Miller, Nathaniel B., Beringer, Jason, López-Blanco, Efrén, Stoy, Paul C., Sullivan, Ryan C., Kejna, Marek, Parmentier, Frans-Jan W., Gamon, John A., Mastepanov, Mikhail, Wille, Christian, Jackowicz-Korczynski, Marcin, Karger, Dirk N., Quinton, William L., Putkonen, Jaakko, van As, Dirk, Christensen, Torben R., Hakuba, Maria Z., Stone, Robert S., Metzger, Stefan, Vandecrux, Baptiste, Frost, Gerald V., Wild, Martin, Hansen, Birger, Meloni, Daniela, Domine, Florent, te Beest, Mariska, Sachs, Torsten, Kalhori, Aram, Rocha, Adrian V., Williamson, Scott N., Morris, Sara, Atchley, Adam L., Essery, Richard, Runkle, Benjamin R. K., Holl, David, Riihimaki, Laura D., Iwata, Hiroki, Schuur, Edward A. G., Cox, Christopher J., Grachev, Andrey A., McFadden, Joseph P., Fausto, Robert S., Göckede, Mathias, Ueyama, Masahito, Pirk, Norbert, de Boer, Gijs, Bret-Harte, M. Syndonia, Leppäranta, Matti, Steffen, Konrad, Friborg, Thomas, Ohmura, Atsumu, Edgar, Colin W., Olofsson, Johan, and Chambers, Scott D.

Published
2022
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11. ORCHIDEE-PEAT (revision 4596), a model for northern peatland CO2, water, and energy fluxes on daily to annual scales

Author

Qiu, Chunjing, Zhu, Dan, Ciais, Philippe, Guenet, Bertrand, Krinner, Gerhard, Peng, Shushi, Aurela, Mika, Bernhofer, Christian, Brümmer, Christian, Bret-Harte, Syndonia, Chu, Housen, Chen, Jiquan, Desai, Ankur R, Dušek, Jiří, Euskirchen, Eugénie S, Fortuniak, Krzysztof, Flanagan, Lawrence B, Friborg, Thomas, Grygoruk, Mateusz, Gogo, Sébastien, Grünwald, Thomas, Hansen, Birger U, Holl, David, Humphreys, Elyn, Hurkuck, Miriam, Kiely, Gerard, Klatt, Janina, Kutzbach, Lars, Largeron, Chloé, Laggoun-Défarge, Fatima, Lund, Magnus, Lafleur, Peter M, Li, Xuefei, Mammarella, Ivan, Merbold, Lutz, Nilsson, Mats B, Olejnik, Janusz, Ottosson-Löfvenius, Mikaell, Oechel, Walter, Parmentier, Frans-Jan W, Peichl, Matthias, Pirk, Norbert, Peltola, Olli, Pawlak, Włodzimierz, Rasse, Daniel, Rinne, Janne, Shaver, Gaius, Schmid, Hans Peter, Sottocornola, Matteo, Steinbrecher, Rainer, Sachs, Torsten, Urbaniak, Marek, Zona, Donatella, and Ziemblinska, Klaudia

Subjects
Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Sciences, Earth sciences
Abstract

Peatlands store substantial amounts of carbon and are vulnerable to climate change. We present a modified version of the Organising Carbon and Hydrology In Dynamic Ecosystems (ORCHIDEE) land surface model for simulating the hydrology, surface energy, and CO2 fluxes of peatlands on daily to annual timescales. The model includes a separate soil tile in each 0.5° grid cell, defined from a global peatland map and identified with peat-specific soil hydraulic properties. Runoff from non-peat vegetation within a grid cell containing a fraction of peat is routed to this peat soil tile, which maintains shallow water tables. The water table position separates oxic from anoxic decomposition. The model was evaluated against eddy-covariance (EC) observations from 30 northern peatland sites, with the maximum rate of carboxylation (Vcmax) being optimized at each site. Regarding short-term day-to-day variations, the model performance was good for gross primary production (GPP) (r2 Combining double low line 0.76; Nash-Sutcliffe modeling efficiency, MEF Combining double low line 0.76) and ecosystem respiration (ER, r2 Combining double low line 0.78, MEF Combining double low line 0.75), with lesser accuracy for latent heat fluxes (LE, r2 Combining double low line 0.42, MEF Combining double low line 0.14) and and net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE, r2 Combining double low line 0.38, MEF Combining double low line 0.26). Seasonal variations in GPP, ER, NEE, and energy fluxes on monthly scales showed moderate to high r2 values (0.57-0.86). For spatial across-site gradients of annual mean GPP, ER, NEE, and LE, r2 values of 0.93, 0.89, 0.27, and 0.71 were achieved, respectively. Water table (WT) variation was not well predicted (r2

Published
2018

12. Partitioning biota along the Elbe River estuary: where are the community transitions?

Author

Branoff, Benjamin, primary, Grueterich, Luise, additional, Wilson, Monica, additional, Tobias-Hunefeldt, Sven Patrick, additional, Saadaoui, Youssef, additional, Mittmann-Goetsch, Julian, additional, Neiske, Friederike, additional, Lexmond, Fay, additional, Becker, Joscha, additional, Grossart, Hans-Peter, additional, Porada, Philipp, additional, Streit, Wolfgang, additional, Eschenbach, Annette, additional, Kutzbach, Lars, additional, and Jensen, Kai, additional

Published
2024
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13. SINOMA - A new approach for estimating linear relationships between noisy serial data streams

Author

Thees, Barnim, Buras, Allan, Jetschke, Gottfried, Zorita, Eduardo, Wilmking, Martin, Liebscher, Volkmar, and Kutzbach, Lars

Subjects
Statistics - Applications
Abstract

Reconstructions of past climates are based on the calibration of available proxy data. This calibration is usually achieved by means of linear regression models. In the recent paleo-climate literature there is an ongoing discussion on the validity of highly resolved climate reconstructions. The reason for this is that the proxy data are noisy, i.e. in addition to the variability that is related to the climate variable of interest, they contain other sources of variability. Inadequate treatment of such noise leads to a biased estimation of regression slopes, resulting in a wrong representation of the real amplitude of past climate variations. Methods to overcome this problem have had a limited success so far. Here, we present a new approach - SINOMA - for noisy serial data streams that are characterized by different spectral characteristics of signal and noise. SINOMA makes use of specific properties of the data streams temporal or spatial structure and by this is able to deliver a precise estimate of the true regression slope and, simultaneously, of the ratio of noise variances present in the predictor and predictand. The paper introduces the underlying mathematics as well as a general description of the presented algorithm. The validity of SINOMA is illustrated with two test data-sets. Finally we address methodological limitations and further potential applications., Comment: 52 pages, 6 figures

Published
2016

14. Increasing contribution of peatlands to boreal evapotranspiration in a warming climate

Author

Helbig, Manuel, Waddington, James Michael, Alekseychik, Pavel, Amiro, Brian D., Aurela, Mika, Barr, Alan G., Black, T. Andrew, Blanken, Peter D., Carey, Sean K., Chen, Jiquan, Chi, Jinshu, Desai, Ankur R., Dunn, Allison, Euskirchen, Eugenie S., Flanagan, Lawrence B., Forbrich, Inke, Friborg, Thomas, Grelle, Achim, Harder, Silvie, Heliasz, Michal, Humphreys, Elyn R., Ikawa, Hiroki, Isabelle, Pierre-Erik, Iwata, Hiroki, Jassal, Rachhpal, Korkiakoski, Mika, Kurbatova, Juliya, Kutzbach, Lars, Lindroth, Anders, Löfvenius, Mikaell Ottosson, Lohila, Annalea, Mammarella, Ivan, Marsh, Philip, Maximov, Trofim, Melton, Joe R., Moore, Paul A., Nadeau, Daniel F., Nicholls, Erin M., Nilsson, Mats B., Ohta, Takeshi, Peichl, Matthias, Petrone, Richard M., Petrov, Roman, Prokushkin, Anatoly, Quinton, William L., Reed, David E., Roulet, Nigel T., Runkle, Benjamin R. K., Sonnentag, Oliver, Strachan, Ian B., Taillardat, Pierre, Tuittila, Eeva-Stiina, Tuovinen, Juha-Pekka, Turner, Jessica, Ueyama, Masahito, Varlagin, Andrej, Wilmking, Martin, Wofsy, Steven C., and Zyrianov, Vyacheslav

Published
2020
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20. Environmental Impacts—Terrestrial Ecosystems

Author

Hölzel, Norbert, Hickler, Thomas, Kutzbach, Lars, Joosten, Hans, van Huissteden, Jakobus, Hiederer, Roland, Bolle, Hans-Jürgen, Series editor, Menenti, Massimo, Series editor, Rasool, S. Ichtiaque, Series editor, Quante, Markus, editor, and Colijn, Franciscus, editor

Published
2016
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21. FLUXNET-CH4 Synthesis Activity: Objectives, Observations, and Future Directions

Author

Knox, Sara H, Jackskson, Robert B, Poulter, Benjamin, McNicol, Gavin, Fluet-Chouinard, Etienne, Zhang, Zhen, Hugelius, Gustaf, Bousquet, Philippppe, Canadell, Josep G, Saunois, Marielle, Papale, Dario, Chu, Housen, Keenan, Trevor F, Baldocchi, Dennis, Torn, Margaret S, Mammarella, Ivan, Trotta, Carlo, Aurela, Mika, Bohrer, Gil, Campbell, David I, Cescatti, Alessssandro, Chamberlain, Samuel, Chen, Jiquan, Chen, Weinan, Dengel, Sigrid, Desai, Ankur R, Euskskirchen, Eugenie, Friborg, Thomas, Gasbarra, Daniele, Goded, Ignacio, Goeckede, Mathias, Heimann, Martin, Helbig, Manuel, Hirano, Takashshi, Hollinger, David Y, Iwata, Hiroki, Kang, Minseok, Klatt, Janina, Kraussss, Ken W, Kutzbach, Lars, Lohila, Annalea, Mitra, Bhaskskar, Morin, Timothyhy H, Nilsssson, Mats B, Niu, Shuli, Noormets, Asksko, Oechel, Walter C, Peichl, Matthias, Peltola, Olli, Reba, Michele L, Richardson, Andrew D, Runkle, Benjamin R. K, Ryu, Youngryel, Sachshs, Torsten, Schäfer, Karina V. R, Schmid, Hans Peter, Shurpali, Narasinha, Sonnentag, Oliver, Tang, Angela C. I, Ueyama, Masahito, Vargas, Rodrigo, Vesala, Timo, Ward, Eric J, Windham-Myers, Lisamarie, Wohlfahrt, Georg, and Zona, Donatella

Subjects
Meteorology And Climatology
Abstract

This paper describes the formation of, and initial results for, a new FLUXNET coordination network for ecosystem-scale methane (CH4) measurements at 60 sites globally, organized by the Global Carbon Project in partnership with other initiatives and regional flux tower networks. The objectives of the effort are presented along with an overview of the coverage of eddy covariance (EC) CH4 flux measurements globally, initial results comparing CH4 fluxes across the sites, and future research directions and needs. Annual estimates of net CH4 fluxes across sites ranged from −0.2 ± 0.02 g C m(exp -2) yr(exp -1) for an upland forest site to 114.9 ± 13.4 g C m(exp -2) yr(exp -1) for an estuarine freshwater marsh, with fluxes exceeding 40 g C m(exp -2) yr(exp -1) at multiple sites. Average annual soil and air temperatures were found to be the strongest predictor of annual CH4 flux across wetland sites globally. Water table position was positively correlated with annual CH4 emissions, although only for wetland sites that were not consistently inundated throughout the year. The ratio of annual CH4 fluxes to ecosystem respiration increased significantly with mean site temperature. Uncertainties in annual CH4 estimates due to gap-filling and random errors were on average ±1.6 g C m(exp -2) yr(exp -1) at 95% confidence, with the relative error decreasing exponentially with increasing flux magnitude across sites. Through the analysis and synthesis of a growing EC CH4 flux database, the controls on ecosystem CH4 fluxes can be better understood, used to inform and validate Earth system models, and reconcile differences between land surface model- and atmospheric-based estimates of CH4 emissions.

Published
2020
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28. Author Correction: Large loss of CO2 in winter observed across the northern permafrost region

Author

Natali, Susan M., Watts, Jennifer D., Rogers, Brendan M., Potter, Stefano, Ludwig, Sarah M., Selbmann, Anne-Katrin, Sullivan, Patrick F., Abbott, Benjamin W., Arndt, Kyle A., Birch, Leah, Björkman, Mats P., Bloom, A. Anthony, Celis, Gerardo, Christensen, Torben R., Christiansen, Casper T., Commane, Roisin, Cooper, Elisabeth J., Crill, Patrick, Czimczik, Claudia, Davydov, Sergey, Du, Jinyang, Egan, Jocelyn E., Elberling, Bo, Euskirchen, Eugenie S., Friborg, Thomas, Genet, Hélène, Göckede, Mathias, Goodrich, Jordan P., Grogan, Paul, Helbig, Manuel, Jafarov, Elchin E., Jastrow, Julie D., Kalhori, Aram A. M., Kim, Yongwon, Kimball, John S., Kutzbach, Lars, Lara, Mark J., Larsen, Klaus S., Lee, Bang-Yong, Liu, Zhihua, Loranty, Michael M., Lund, Magnus, Lupascu, Massimo, Madani, Nima, Malhotra, Avni, Matamala, Roser, McFarland, Jack, McGuire, A. David, Michelsen, Anders, Minions, Christina, Oechel, Walter C., Olefeldt, David, Parmentier, Frans-Jan W., Pirk, Norbert, Poulter, Ben, Quinton, William, Rezanezhad, Fereidoun, Risk, David, Sachs, Torsten, Schaefer, Kevin, Schmidt, Niels M., Schuur, Edward A. G., Semenchuk, Philipp R., Shaver, Gaius, Sonnentag, Oliver, Starr, Gregory, Treat, Claire C., Waldrop, Mark P., Wang, Yihui, Welker, Jeffrey, Wille, Christian, Xu, Xiaofeng, Zhang, Zhen, Zhuang, Qianlai, and Zona, Donatella

Published
2019
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29. Pan‐Arctic soil moisture control on tundra carbon sequestration and plant productivity

Author

Zona, Donatella, primary, Lafleur, Peter M., additional, Hufkens, Koen, additional, Gioli, Beniamino, additional, Bailey, Barbara, additional, Burba, George, additional, Euskirchen, Eugénie S., additional, Watts, Jennifer D., additional, Arndt, Kyle A., additional, Farina, Mary, additional, Kimball, John S., additional, Heimann, Martin, additional, Göckede, Mathias, additional, Pallandt, Martijn, additional, Christensen, Torben R., additional, Mastepanov, Mikhail, additional, López‐Blanco, Efrén, additional, Dolman, Albertus J., additional, Commane, Roisin, additional, Miller, Charles E., additional, Hashemi, Josh, additional, Kutzbach, Lars, additional, Holl, David, additional, Boike, Julia, additional, Wille, Christian, additional, Sachs, Torsten, additional, Kalhori, Aram, additional, Humphreys, Elyn R., additional, Sonnentag, Oliver, additional, Meyer, Gesa, additional, Gosselin, Gabriel H., additional, Marsh, Philip, additional, and Oechel, Walter C., additional

Published
2022
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31. Simulated methane emissions from Arctic ponds are highly sensitive to warming.

Author

Rehder, Zoé, Kleinen, Thomas, Kutzbach, Lars, Stepanenko, Victor, Langer, Moritz, and Brovkin, Victor

Subjects
PONDS, PLANT growing media, METHANE as fuel, BODIES of water, METHANE, EBULLITION, VASCULAR plants
Abstract

The Arctic is warming at an above-average rate, and small, shallow waterbodies such as ponds are vulnerable to this warming due to their low thermal inertia compared to larger lakes. While ponds are a relevant landscape-scale source of methane under the current climate, the response of pond methane emissions to warming is uncertain. We employ a new, process-based model for methane emissions from ponds (MeEP) to investigate the methane emission response of polygonal-tundra ponds in northeastern Siberia to warming. MeEP is the first dedicated model of pond methane emissions which differentiates between the three main pond types of the polygonal-tundra, ice-wedge, polygonal-center, and merged polygonal ponds and resolves the three main pathways of methane emissions – diffusion, ebullition, and plant-mediated transport. We perform idealized warming experiments, with increases in the mean annual temperature of 2.5, 5, and 7.5 ∘ C on top of a historical simulation. The simulations reveal an approximately linear increase in emissions from ponds of 1.33 g CH 4 yr -1 ∘ C -1 m -2 in this temperature range. Under annual temperatures 5 ∘ C above present temperatures, pond methane emissions are more than 3 times higher than now. Most of this emission increase is due to the additional substrate provided by the increased net productivity of the vascular plants. Furthermore, plant-mediated transport is the dominating pathway of methane emissions in all simulations. We conclude that vascular plants as a substrate source and efficient methane pathway should be included in future pan-Arctic assessments of pond methane emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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34. Introduction of a guideline for measurements of greenhouse gas fluxes from soils using non‐steady‐state chambers

Author

Maier, Martin, primary, Weber, Tobias K. D., additional, Fiedler, Jan, additional, Fuß, Roland, additional, Glatzel, Stephan, additional, Huth, Vytas, additional, Jordan, Sabine, additional, Jurasinski, Gerald, additional, Kutzbach, Lars, additional, Schäfer, Klaus, additional, Weymann, Daniel, additional, and Hagemann, Ulrike, additional

Published
2022
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35. The ABCflux database: Arctic–boreal CO2 flux observations and ancillary information aggregated to monthly time steps across terrestrial ecosystems

Author

Virkkala​​​​​​​, Anna-Maria, Natali, Susan M., Rogers, Brendan M., Watts, Jennifer D., Savage, Kathleen, Connon, Sara June, Mauritz, Marguerite, Schuur, Edward A. G., Peter, Darcy, Minions, Christina, Nojeim, Julia, Commane, Roisin, Emmerton, Craig A., Goeckede, Mathias, Helbig, Manuel, Holl, David, Iwata, Hiroki, Kobayashi, Hideki, Kolari, Pasi, López-Blanco, Efrén, Marushchak, Maija E., Mastepanov, Mikhail, Merbold, Lutz, Parmentier, Frans-Jan W., Peichl, Matthias, Sachs, Torsten, Sonnentag, Oliver, Ueyama, Masahito, Voigt, Carolina, Aurela, Mika, Boike, Julia, Celis, Gerardo, Chae, Namyi, Christensen, Torben R., Bret-Harte, M. Syndonia, Dengel, Sigrid, Dolman, Han, Edgar, Colin W., Elberling, Bo, Euskirchen, Eugenie, Grelle, Achim, Hatakka, Juha, Humphreys, Elyn, Järveoja, Järvi, Kotani, Ayumi, Kutzbach, Lars, Laurila, Tuomas, Lohila, Annalea, Mammarella, Ivan, Matsuura, Yojiro, Meyer, Gesa, Nilsson, Mats B., Oberbauer, Steven F., Park, Sang-Jong, Petrov, Roman, Prokushkin, Anatoly S., Schulze, Christopher, St. Louis, Vincent L., Tuittila, Eeva-Stiina, Tuovinen, Juha-Pekka, Quinton, William, Varlagin, Andrej, Zona, Donatella, Zyryanov, Viacheslav I., Virkkala​​​​​​​, Anna-Maria, Natali, Susan M., Rogers, Brendan M., Watts, Jennifer D., Savage, Kathleen, Connon, Sara June, Mauritz, Marguerite, Schuur, Edward A. G., Peter, Darcy, Minions, Christina, Nojeim, Julia, Commane, Roisin, Emmerton, Craig A., Goeckede, Mathias, Helbig, Manuel, Holl, David, Iwata, Hiroki, Kobayashi, Hideki, Kolari, Pasi, López-Blanco, Efrén, Marushchak, Maija E., Mastepanov, Mikhail, Merbold, Lutz, Parmentier, Frans-Jan W., Peichl, Matthias, Sachs, Torsten, Sonnentag, Oliver, Ueyama, Masahito, Voigt, Carolina, Aurela, Mika, Boike, Julia, Celis, Gerardo, Chae, Namyi, Christensen, Torben R., Bret-Harte, M. Syndonia, Dengel, Sigrid, Dolman, Han, Edgar, Colin W., Elberling, Bo, Euskirchen, Eugenie, Grelle, Achim, Hatakka, Juha, Humphreys, Elyn, Järveoja, Järvi, Kotani, Ayumi, Kutzbach, Lars, Laurila, Tuomas, Lohila, Annalea, Mammarella, Ivan, Matsuura, Yojiro, Meyer, Gesa, Nilsson, Mats B., Oberbauer, Steven F., Park, Sang-Jong, Petrov, Roman, Prokushkin, Anatoly S., Schulze, Christopher, St. Louis, Vincent L., Tuittila, Eeva-Stiina, Tuovinen, Juha-Pekka, Quinton, William, Varlagin, Andrej, Zona, Donatella, and Zyryanov, Viacheslav I.

Abstract

Past efforts to synthesize and quantify the magnitude and change in carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems across the rapidly warming Arctic–boreal zone (ABZ) have provided valuable information but were limited in their geographical and temporal coverage. Furthermore, these efforts have been based on data aggregated over varying time periods, often with only minimal site ancillary data, thus limiting their potential to be used in large-scale carbon budget assessments. To bridge these gaps, we developed a standardized monthly database of Arctic–boreal CO2 fluxes (ABCflux) that aggregates in situ measurements of terrestrial net ecosystem CO2 exchange and its derived partitioned component fluxes: gross primary productivity and ecosystem respiration. The data span from 1989 to 2020 with over 70 supporting variables that describe key site conditions (e.g., vegetation and disturbance type), micrometeorological and environmental measurements (e.g., air and soil temperatures), and flux measurement techniques. Here, we describe these variables, the spatial and temporal distribution of observations, the main strengths and limitations of the database, and the potential research opportunities it enables. In total, ABCflux includes 244 sites and 6309 monthly observations; 136 sites and 2217 monthly observations represent tundra, and 108 sites and 4092 observations represent the boreal biome. The database includes fluxes estimated with chamber (19 % of the monthly observations), snow diffusion (3 %) and eddy covariance (78 %) techniques. The largest number of observations were collected during the climatological summer (June–August; 32 %), and fewer observations were available for autumn (September–October; 25 %), winter (December–February; 18 %), and spring (March–May; 25 %). ABCflux can be used in a wide array of empirical, remote sensing and modeling studies to improve understanding of the regional and temporal variability in CO2 fluxes and to better estimate th

Published
2022

36. A new dynamic land cover classification of the Arctic Lena Delta for scaling methane fluxes

Author

Grosse, Guido, Runge, Alexandra, Lisovski, Simeon, Heim, Birgit, Jordan, P., Shevtsova, Iuliia, Kutzbach, Lars, Nitze, Ingmar, Knoblauch, Christian, Morgenstern, Anne, Juhls, Bennet, Grosse, Guido, Runge, Alexandra, Lisovski, Simeon, Heim, Birgit, Jordan, P., Shevtsova, Iuliia, Kutzbach, Lars, Nitze, Ingmar, Knoblauch, Christian, Morgenstern, Anne, and Juhls, Bennet

Published
2022

37. Lateral carbon export has low impact on the net ecosystem carbon balance of a polygonal tundra catchment

Author

Beckebanze, Lutz, Runkle, Benjamin R.K., Walz, Josefine, Wille, Christian, Holl, David, Helbig, Manuel, Boike, Julia, Sachs, Torsten, Kutzbach, Lars, Beckebanze, Lutz, Runkle, Benjamin R.K., Walz, Josefine, Wille, Christian, Holl, David, Helbig, Manuel, Boike, Julia, Sachs, Torsten, and Kutzbach, Lars

Abstract

Permafrost-affected soils contain large quantities of soil organic carbon (SOC). Changes in the SOC pool of a particular ecosystem can be related to its net ecosystem carbon balance (NECB) in which the balance of carbon (C) influxes and effluxes is expressed. For polygonal tundra landscapes, accounts of ecosystem carbon balances in the literature are often solely based on estimates of vertical carbon fluxes. To fill this gap, we present data regarding the lateral export rates of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from a polygonal tundra site in the north Siberian Lena River delta, Russia. We use water discharge observations in combination with concentration measurements of waterborne carbon to derive the lateral carbon fluxes from one growing season (2 June–8 September 2014 for DOC, 8 June–8 September 2014 for DIC). To put the lateral C fluxes into context, we furthermore present the surface–atmosphere eddy covariance fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) from this study site. The results show cumulative lateral DIC and DOC fluxes of 0.31–0.38 and 0.06–0.08 g m−2, respectively, during the 93 d observation period (8 June–8 September 2014). Vertical turbulent fluxes of CO2-C and CH4-C accumulated to −19.0 ± 1.2 and 1.0 ± 0.02 g m−2 in the same period. Thus, the lateral C export represented about 2 % of the net ecosystem exchange of (NEE) CO2. However, the relationship between lateral and surface–atmosphere fluxes changed over the observation period. At the beginning of the growing season (early June), the lateral C flux outpaced the surface-directed net vertical turbulent CO2 flux, causing the polygonal tundra landscape to be a net carbon source during this time of the year. Later in the growing season, the vertical turbulent CO2 flux dominated the NECB.

Published
2022
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38. Vegetation type is an important predictor of the arctic summer land surface energy budget

Author

Environmental Sciences, Afd Marine and Atmospheric Research, Spatial Ecology and Global Change, Sub Algemeen Marine & Atmospheric Res, Oehri, Jacqueline, Schaepman-Strub, Gabriela, Kim, Jin-Soo, Grysko, Raleigh, Kropp, Heather, Grünberg, Inge, Zemlianskii, Vitalii, Sonnentag, Oliver, Euskirchen, Eugénie S., Reji Chacko, Merin, Muscari, Giovanni, Blanken, Peter D., Dean, Joshua F., di Sarra, Alcide, Harding, Richard J., Sobota, Ireneusz, Kutzbach, Lars, Plekhanova, Elena, Riihelä, Aku, Boike, Julia, Miller, Nathaniel B., Beringer, Jason, López-Blanco, Efrén, Stoy, Paul C., Sullivan, Ryan C., Kejna, Marek, Parmentier, Frans-Jan W., Gamon, John A., Mastepanov, Mikhail, Wille, Christian, Jackowicz-Korczynski, Marcin, Karger, Dirk N., Quinton, William L., Putkonen, Jaakko, van As, Dirk, Christensen, Torben R., Hakuba, Maria Z., Stone, Robert S., Metzger, Stefan, Vandecrux, Baptiste, Frost, Gerald V., Wild, Martin, Hansen, Birger, Meloni, Daniela, Domine, Florent, te Beest, Mariska, Sachs, Torsten, Kalhori, Aram, Rocha, Adrian V., Williamson, Scott N., Morris, Sara, Atchley, Adam L., Essery, Richard, Runkle, Benjamin R. K., Holl, David, Riihimaki, Laura D., Iwata, Hiroki, Schuur, Edward A. G., Cox, Christopher J., Grachev, Andrey A., McFadden, Joseph P., Fausto, Robert S., Göckede, Mathias, Ueyama, Masahito, Pirk, Norbert, de Boer, Gijs, Bret-Harte, M. Syndonia, Leppäranta, Matti, Steffen, Konrad, Friborg, Thomas, Ohmura, Atsumu, Edgar, Colin W., Olofsson, Johan, Chambers, Scott D., Environmental Sciences, Afd Marine and Atmospheric Research, Spatial Ecology and Global Change, Sub Algemeen Marine & Atmospheric Res, Oehri, Jacqueline, Schaepman-Strub, Gabriela, Kim, Jin-Soo, Grysko, Raleigh, Kropp, Heather, Grünberg, Inge, Zemlianskii, Vitalii, Sonnentag, Oliver, Euskirchen, Eugénie S., Reji Chacko, Merin, Muscari, Giovanni, Blanken, Peter D., Dean, Joshua F., di Sarra, Alcide, Harding, Richard J., Sobota, Ireneusz, Kutzbach, Lars, Plekhanova, Elena, Riihelä, Aku, Boike, Julia, Miller, Nathaniel B., Beringer, Jason, López-Blanco, Efrén, Stoy, Paul C., Sullivan, Ryan C., Kejna, Marek, Parmentier, Frans-Jan W., Gamon, John A., Mastepanov, Mikhail, Wille, Christian, Jackowicz-Korczynski, Marcin, Karger, Dirk N., Quinton, William L., Putkonen, Jaakko, van As, Dirk, Christensen, Torben R., Hakuba, Maria Z., Stone, Robert S., Metzger, Stefan, Vandecrux, Baptiste, Frost, Gerald V., Wild, Martin, Hansen, Birger, Meloni, Daniela, Domine, Florent, te Beest, Mariska, Sachs, Torsten, Kalhori, Aram, Rocha, Adrian V., Williamson, Scott N., Morris, Sara, Atchley, Adam L., Essery, Richard, Runkle, Benjamin R. K., Holl, David, Riihimaki, Laura D., Iwata, Hiroki, Schuur, Edward A. G., Cox, Christopher J., Grachev, Andrey A., McFadden, Joseph P., Fausto, Robert S., Göckede, Mathias, Ueyama, Masahito, Pirk, Norbert, de Boer, Gijs, Bret-Harte, M. Syndonia, Leppäranta, Matti, Steffen, Konrad, Friborg, Thomas, Ohmura, Atsumu, Edgar, Colin W., Olofsson, Johan, and Chambers, Scott D.

Published
2022

39. The ABCflux database:Arctic-boreal CO2flux observations and ancillary information aggregated to monthly time steps across terrestrial ecosystems

Author

Virkkala, Anna Maria, Natali, Susan M., Rogers, Brendan M., Watts, Jennifer D., Savage, Kathleen, Connon, Sara June, Mauritz, Marguerite, Schuur, Edward A.G., Peter, Darcy, Minions, Christina, Nojeim, Julia, Commane, Roisin, Emmerton, Craig A., Goeckede, Mathias, Helbig, Manuel, Holl, David, Iwata, Hiroki, Kobayashi, Hideki, Kolari, Pasi, López-Blanco, Efrén, Marushchak, Maija E., Mastepanov, Mikhail, Merbold, Lutz, Parmentier, Frans Jan W., Peichl, Matthias, Sachs, Torsten, Sonnentag, Oliver, Ueyama, Masahito, Voigt, Carolina, Aurela, Mika, Boike, Julia, Celis, Gerardo, Chae, Namyi, Christensen, Torben R., Bret-Harte, M. Syndonia, Dengel, Sigrid, Dolman, Han, Edgar, Colin W., Elberling, Bo, Euskirchen, Eugenie, Grelle, Achim, Hatakka, Juha, Humphreys, Elyn, Järveoja, Järvi, Kotani, Ayumi, Kutzbach, Lars, Laurila, Tuomas, Lohila, Annalea, Mammarella, Ivan, Matsuura, Yojiro, Meyer, Gesa, Nilsson, Mats B., Oberbauer, Steven F., Park, Sang Jong, Petrov, Roman, Prokushkin, Anatoly S., Schulze, Christopher, St. Louis, Vincent L., Tuittila, Eeva Stiina, Tuovinen, Juha Pekka, Quinton, William, Varlagin, Andrej, Zona, Donatella, Zyryanov, Viacheslav I., Virkkala, Anna Maria, Natali, Susan M., Rogers, Brendan M., Watts, Jennifer D., Savage, Kathleen, Connon, Sara June, Mauritz, Marguerite, Schuur, Edward A.G., Peter, Darcy, Minions, Christina, Nojeim, Julia, Commane, Roisin, Emmerton, Craig A., Goeckede, Mathias, Helbig, Manuel, Holl, David, Iwata, Hiroki, Kobayashi, Hideki, Kolari, Pasi, López-Blanco, Efrén, Marushchak, Maija E., Mastepanov, Mikhail, Merbold, Lutz, Parmentier, Frans Jan W., Peichl, Matthias, Sachs, Torsten, Sonnentag, Oliver, Ueyama, Masahito, Voigt, Carolina, Aurela, Mika, Boike, Julia, Celis, Gerardo, Chae, Namyi, Christensen, Torben R., Bret-Harte, M. Syndonia, Dengel, Sigrid, Dolman, Han, Edgar, Colin W., Elberling, Bo, Euskirchen, Eugenie, Grelle, Achim, Hatakka, Juha, Humphreys, Elyn, Järveoja, Järvi, Kotani, Ayumi, Kutzbach, Lars, Laurila, Tuomas, Lohila, Annalea, Mammarella, Ivan, Matsuura, Yojiro, Meyer, Gesa, Nilsson, Mats B., Oberbauer, Steven F., Park, Sang Jong, Petrov, Roman, Prokushkin, Anatoly S., Schulze, Christopher, St. Louis, Vincent L., Tuittila, Eeva Stiina, Tuovinen, Juha Pekka, Quinton, William, Varlagin, Andrej, Zona, Donatella, and Zyryanov, Viacheslav I.

Abstract

Past efforts to synthesize and quantify the magnitude and change in carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems across the rapidly warming Arctic-boreal zone (ABZ) have provided valuable information but were limited in their geographical and temporal coverage. Furthermore, these efforts have been based on data aggregated over varying time periods, often with only minimal site ancillary data, thus limiting their potential to be used in large-scale carbon budget assessments. To bridge these gaps, we developed a standardized monthly database of Arctic-boreal CO2 fluxes (ABCflux) that aggregates in situ measurements of terrestrial net ecosystem CO2 exchange and its derived partitioned component fluxes: gross primary productivity and ecosystem respiration. The data span from 1989 to 2020 with over 70 supporting variables that describe key site conditions (e.g., vegetation and disturbance type), micrometeorological and environmental measurements (e.g., air and soil temperatures), and flux measurement techniques. Here, we describe these variables, the spatial and temporal distribution of observations, the main strengths and limitations of the database, and the potential research opportunities it enables. In total, ABCflux includes 244 sites and 6309 monthly observations; 136 sites and 2217 monthly observations represent tundra, and 108 sites and 4092 observations represent the boreal biome. The database includes fluxes estimated with chamber (19% of the monthly observations), snow diffusion (3%) and eddy covariance (78%) techniques. The largest number of observations were collected during the climatological summer (June-August; 32%), and fewer observations were available for autumn (September-October; 25%), winter (December-February; 18%), and spring (March-May; 25%). ABCflux can be used in a wide array of empirical, remote sensing and modeling studies to improve understanding of the regional and temporal variability in CO2 fluxes and to better estimate the te

Published
2022

41. Assessing methane emissions for northern peatlands in ORCHIDEE-PEAT revision 7020

Author

Salmon, Elodie, primary, Jégou, Fabrice, additional, Guenet, Bertrand, additional, Jourdain, Line, additional, Qiu, Chunjing, additional, Bastrikov, Vladislav, additional, Guimbaud, Christophe, additional, Zhu, Dan, additional, Ciais, Philippe, additional, Peylin, Philippe, additional, Gogo, Sébastien, additional, Laggoun-Défarge, Fatima, additional, Aurela, Mika, additional, Bret-Harte, M. Syndonia, additional, Chen, Jiquan, additional, Chojnicki, Bogdan H., additional, Chu, Housen, additional, Edgar, Colin W., additional, Euskirchen, Eugenie S., additional, Flanagan, Lawrence B., additional, Fortuniak, Krzysztof, additional, Holl, David, additional, Klatt, Janina, additional, Kolle, Olaf, additional, Kowalska, Natalia, additional, Kutzbach, Lars, additional, Lohila, Annalea, additional, Merbold, Lutz, additional, Pawlak, Włodzimierz, additional, Sachs, Torsten, additional, and Ziemblińska, Klaudia, additional

Published
2022
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45. Version 1

Author

Fiedler, Jan, Fuß, Roland, Glatzel, Stephan, Hagemann, Ulrike, Huth, Vytas, Jordan, Sabine, Jurasinski, Gerald, Kutzbach, Lars, Maier, Martin, Schäfer, Klaus, Weber, Tobias, and Weymann, Daniel

Subjects
ddc:631.4
Abstract

This Best Practice Guideline was been initiated by the Working Group Soil Gases (AG Bodengase) of the German Soil Science Society (Deutsche Bodenkundliche Gesellschaft). Our intention was to collect and aggregate the expertise of different working groups in our field. As a compendium, this guideline may help both beginners and experts to meet the practical and theoretical challenges of measuring soil gas fluxes with non-steady state chamber systems., German Soil Science Society, Working Group Soil Gases, manual

Published
2022
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46. Introduction of a guideline for measurements of greenhouse gas fluxes from soils using non-steady-state chambers

Author

Maier, Martin, Weber, Tobias K. D., Fiedler, Jan, Fuss, Roland, Glatzel, Stephan, Huth, Vytas, Jordan, Sabine, Jurasinski, Gerald, Kutzbach, Lars, Schäfer, Klaus, Weymann, Daniel, and Hagemann, Ulrike

Subjects
Environmental Management, Climate Research, Environmental Sciences (social aspects to be 507)
Abstract

Method Soils represent a major global source and sink of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Many studies of GHG fluxes between soil, plant and atmosphere rely on chamber measurements. Different chamber techniques have been developed over the last decades, each characterised by different requirements and limitations. In this manuscript, we focus on the non-steady-state technique which is widely used for manual measurements but also in automatic systems. Although the measurement method appears very simple, experience gained over the years shows that there are many details which have to be taken into account to obtain reliable measurement results. Aim This manuscript aims to share lessons learnt and pass on experiences in order to assist the reader with possible questions or unexpected challenges, ranging from the planning of the design of studies and chambers to the practical handling of the chambers and the quality assurance of the gas and data analysis. This concise introduction refers to a more extensive Best Practice Guideline initiated by the Working Group Soil Gases (AG Bodengase) of the German Soil Science Society (Deutsche Bodenkundliche Gesellschaft). The intention was to collect and aggregate the expertise of different working groups in the research field. As a compendium, this Best Practice Guideline is intended to help both beginners and experts to meet the practical and theoretical challenges of measuring soil gas fluxes with non-steady-state chamber systems and to improve the quality of the individual flux measurements and thus entire GHG studies by reducing sources of uncertainty and error.

Published
2022

47. Sensitivity of Arctic CH4emissions to landscape wetness diminished by atmospheric feedbacks

Author

de Vrese, Philipp, Beckebanze, Lutz, Galera, Leonardo de Aro, Holl, David, Kleinen, Thomas, Kutzbach, Lars, Rehder, Zoé, and Brovkin, Victor

Abstract

Simulations using land surface models suggest future increases in Arctic methane emissions to be limited by the thaw-induced drying of permafrost landscapes. Here we use the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model to show that this constraint may be weaker than previously thought owing to compensatory atmospheric feedbacks. In two sets of extreme scenario simulations, a modification of the permafrost hydrology resulted in diverging hydroclimatic trajectories that, however, led to comparable methane fluxes. While a wet Arctic showed almost twice the wetland area compared with an increasingly dry Arctic, the latter featured greater substrate availability due to higher temperatures resulting from reduced evaporation, diminished cloudiness and more surface solar radiation. Given the limitations of present-day models and the potential model dependence of the atmospheric response, our results provide merely a qualitative estimation of these effects, but they suggest that atmospheric feedbacks play an important role in shaping future Arctic methane emissions.

Published
2023
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