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The effectiveness of using a new biopreparation for the decomposition of wheat straw, which consists of cellulolytic bacteria CA3 and CU6 and strains-antagonist of the phytopathogenic fungi Pseudomonas laurentiana ANT 17 and Paenibacillus peoriae ANT 13, has been studied. AND 17 and ANT 13 additionally have growth-stimulating activity and the ability to mobilize inorganic phosphates. The greatest degree of decomposition of straw was observed when combined the biopreparation and ammonium nitrate (50.8% versus 25.2% in the control). At the end of the field experiment carrots were grown in soil with decomposed straw. When biopreparation and ammonium nitrate were used for straw processing, the weight of the carrot root crop was 14.4% more than in the control, and the diameter of the root was 55.6% bigger.

An important role in ensuring sustainable development is assigned to the transport system. This is due to the fact that transport is the most important tool for solving social, economic and technological problems, and its functioning is accompanied by a negative impact on the environment, the occurrence of road accidents, causing harm to health. Planning as the most important management function allows to increase the socio-environmental safety and economic efficiency of the activities of railway transport enterprises, which means improving the quality of work. In the article, the authors compared approaches to strategic planning in the context of the concept of sustainable development of transport companies. The mechanism for the implementation of the ecological strategy of railway transport, which meets the requirements of economic efficiency, environmental safety and social responsibility, is disclosed. A block diagram of planning the socio-economic efficiency of the activities of railway transport enterprises in the system of environmental management is presented.

Transport is the main source of environmental pollution. The ecology of transport determines the extent of the negative impact on nature and the environment. The authors present a block diagram of the interaction between the interests of public security and the economic entity. The mechanism of interaction between public and commercial interests of a transport enterprise is considered from the standpoint of payment for nature management. The article proposes a scheme for ensuring the quality and efficiency of the railway transport enterprise. The influence of external and internal factors on the quality and efficiency of the transport enterprise is described.

The digital transformation of transport systems is one of the priority areas of the country’s strategic development, and requires joint participation and interaction of the state, transport industry enterprises, innovative companies - developers of new technologies and equipment. Constant price pressures and growing customer demands for product and service quality complicate the challenges faced by rail organizations. All these organizations, and first of all JSC Russian Railways, within the framework of the ongoing structural reform, cannot increase the efficiency of their activities using the traditional set of technological, organizational and management solutions to reduce costs for all business processes and divisions of the company. The current state of the Russian economy already allows us to note positive shifts in the field of digitalization. The digitalization of transport as one of the social sectors, the use of modern technical means and programs, makes it possible to increase the efficiency of the transport complex, to ensure high quality services. The authors considered digital technologies in JSC “Russian Railways” used to increase flexibility, efficiency and quality of service provision. The key electronic platforms used by Russian Railways in its work are presented. Disclosed telematic systems used in railway transport to improve safety. Methods are proposed for improving the quality of passenger service at railway stations in the Russian Federation.

The article is devoted to the problem of fundamentalism and the crisis of the education system in Russia. The authors demonstrate the subjective perception of the crisis of education either as a public institution in general or as a specific education system in specific historical circumstances. The study aims to establish or refute the existence of fundamentalist tendencies in the contemporary Russian educational discourse, as well as to identify the validity of using the term “fundamentalism” with regard to the philosophy of education and pedagogy. The research methods included case studies, comparative textual analysis, as well as historical-cultural and comparative methods. The authors note that the term “fundamentalism” was coined in science at the end of the 19th century. It had a completely different meaning, namely, a literal interpretation of a religious text within the framework of a particular tradition. The authors analyze a set of specific situations associated at first glance with the erroneous use of the term “fundamentalism” in Russian scientific articles to mean a generalization of the fundamental and academic nature of education, as well as substantiate the attitude according to which the application of this characteristic is not erroneous at all, but is a manifestation of some features of a specific form of fundamentalism, namely, academic fundamentalism.

Business decisions, transport organizations are guide by the principles of maximizing economic efficiency, reducing costs, and corporate social responsibility. Nevertheless, in the production and economic activities of transport enterprises, there are non-productive costs associated with their environmental activities: payment for excess and permissible pollution, costs of eliminating the consequences, accumulated damage, etc. To minimize this type of costs, it is propose to build a model of the activity of transport organizations from the standpoint of a systematic approach, which includes production processes, elements of production processes, management functions, and components of transport impact and aspects of corporate and social liability. The developed model can find its application in planning organizational and technical measures during their formation. The article presents information on unproductive excess costs of the transport industry of the Russian Federation in the period 2013-2016 y.o. The components of transport impact in transport organizations are considered. A model of production and economic activity of transport organizations from the standpoint of a systematic approach is proposed.

Biological remediation of agricultural soils contaminated with oil is complicated by the presence of residual amounts of chemical plant protection products, in particular, herbicides, which, like oil, negatively affect the soil microbiome and plants. In this work, we studied five strains of bacteria of the genera Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter, which exhibited a high degree of oil biodegradation (72–96%). All strains showed resistance to herbicides based on 2,4-D, imazethapyr and tribenuron-methyl, the ability to fix nitrogen, phosphate mobilization, and production of indole-3-acetic acid. The presence of pollutants affected the growth-stimulating properties of bacteria in different ways. The most promising strain P. citronellolis N2 was used alone and together with oat and lupine plants for soil remediation of oil, including herbicide-treated oil-contaminated soil. Combined contamination was more toxic to plants and soil microorganisms. Bacterization stimulated the formation of chlorophyll and suppressed the synthesis of abscisic acid and malonic dialdehyde in plant tissues. The combined use of bacteria and oat plants most effectively reduced the content of hydrocarbons in the soil (including in the presence of herbicides). The results obtained can be used to develop new methods for bioremediation of soils with polychemical pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most chemical pesticides, in addition to their main functions (protection against diseases, weeds, and pests), also have a noticeable inhibitory effect on target crops. In a laboratory experiment and two-year field experiments (Russia, Trans-Urals), a study was made of the effect of the biopreparation Azolen® (Azotobacter vinelandii IB-4) on plants of the Ekada 113 wheat variety under conditions of drought and stress caused by the exposure to the herbicide Chistalan (2.4-D and dicamba). The biopreparation and the herbicide were used separately and together on wheat during the tillering phase. Treatment with the biological preparation under stressful conditions had a significant effect on the hormonal balance of plants (a decrease in the amount of abscisic acid and a normalization of the balance of indolyl-3-acetic acid and cytokinins in shoots and roots of plants was noted), while the osmoprotective, antioxidant, and photosynthetic systems of plants were activated. In drought conditions, the treatment of plants with biological preparation prevented the inhibition of root growth caused by the use of the herbicide. This, in turn, improved the absorption of water by plants and ensured an increase in wheat yield (1.6 times). The results obtained give reason to believe that microbiological preparations can be used as antidotes that weaken the phytotoxic effect of herbicidal treatments, including in drought conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims to analyze the development of critical thinking skills in ESL classrooms as an essential factor for effective students' learning and providing competence in the professional environment. Critical thinking ability is mental processes, techniques, and comprehension skills that can be applied to question, analyze, and make critical decisions while appropriately learning new concepts. It also involves effective communication, managing emotions, and judging resources. While estimating the effect of developing critical thinking skills on students' reading comprehension performance, the authors have applied the following methods: performed data collection, data analysis, non-probability sampling method and comparison method. The non-probability sampling method is based on age range, education level, professional training and language proficiency. The results of the experiment indicate the relationship between critical thinking skills and reading competence. The analysis of the research results testifies the effectiveness of critical thinking skills development to improve reading comprehension while taking the Business English Certificate reading test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]