1. Lower Extremity Peripheral Artery Disease: Contemporary Epidemiology, Management Gaps, and Future Directions: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
- Author
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Criqui, Michael H, Matsushita, Kunihiro, Aboyans, Victor, Hess, Connie N, Hicks, Caitlin W, Kwan, Tak W, McDermott, Mary M, Misra, Sanjay, Ujueta, Francisco, and Council, on behalf of the American Heart Association Council on Epidemiology and Prevention Council on Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention Council on Lifestyle and Cardiometabolic Health Council on Peripheral Vascular Disease and Stroke
- Subjects
Clinical Research ,Health Services ,Heart Disease ,Prevention ,Cardiovascular ,4.2 Evaluation of markers and technologies ,Detection ,screening and diagnosis ,Good Health and Well Being ,American Heart Association ,Atherosclerosis ,Combined Modality Therapy ,Diagnostic Tests ,Routine ,Disease Management ,Disease Susceptibility ,Female ,Humans ,Lower Extremity ,Male ,Mass Screening ,Peripheral Arterial Disease ,Prevalence ,Prognosis ,Public Health Surveillance ,Risk Assessment ,Risk Factors ,Socioeconomic Factors ,Treatment Outcome ,United States ,AHA Scientific Statements ,diagnosis ,epidemiology ,peripheral artery disease ,prognosis ,risk factors ,American Heart Association Council on Epidemiology and Prevention ,Council on Arteriosclerosis ,Thrombosis and Vascular Biology ,Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention ,Council on Lifestyle and Cardiometabolic Health ,Council on Peripheral Vascular Disease ,and Stroke Council ,Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology ,Clinical Sciences ,Public Health and Health Services ,Cardiovascular System & Hematology - Abstract
Lower extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD) affects >230 million adults worldwide and is associated with increased risk of various adverse clinical outcomes (other cardiovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease and stroke and leg outcomes such as amputation). Despite its prevalence and clinical importance, PAD has been historically underappreciated by health care professionals and patients. This underappreciation seems multifactorial (eg, limited availability of the first-line diagnostic test, the ankle-brachial index, in clinics; incorrect perceptions that a leg vascular disease is not fatal and that the diagnosis of PAD would not necessarily change clinical practice). In the past several years, a body of evidence has indicated that these perceptions are incorrect. Several studies have consistently demonstrated that many patients with PAD are not receiving evidence-based therapies. Thus, this scientific statement provides an update for health care professionals regarding contemporary epidemiology (eg, prevalence, temporal trends, risk factors, and complications) of PAD, the present status of diagnosis (physiological tests and imaging modalities), and the major gaps in the management of PAD (eg, medications, exercise therapy, and revascularization). The statement also lists key gaps in research, clinical practice, and implementation related to PAD. Orchestrated efforts among different parties (eg, health care providers, researchers, expert organizations, and health care organizations) will be needed to increase the awareness and understanding of PAD and improve the diagnostic approaches, management, and prognosis of PAD.
- Published
- 2021