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Background Petersen's hernia, which occurs after minimally invasive surgery for gastric cancer, can be reduced by defect closure. This study aimed to demonstrate the incidence of bowel obstruction above Clavien–Dindo classification grade III due to Petersen's hernia between the mesenteric fixation method(MEFIX) and the conventional methods during the 5-year follow-up period after laparoscopic gastric cancer surgery. Methods This prospective, single-blind, non-inferiority randomized controlled trial and multicenter study was conducted at hospitals in Korea. Patients with histologically diagnosed gastric cancer of clinical stage I, II, or III who underwent Roux-en-Y or B- II gastrojejunostomy anastomosis after laparoscopic gastrectomy were enrolled in this study. Patients who met the inclusion criteria were randomly assigned to two groups: a CLOSURE group that underwent Petersen's defect closure method and a MEFIX group that underwent the mesenteric fixation method. Discussion This trial is expected to provide high-level evidence showing that the MEFIX method can quickly and easily close Petersen's defect and reduce postoperative complications compared to the conventional method. It is also expected to be applicable not only after gastric cancer surgery but also after bariatric surgery. Trial registration The MEFIX study protocol was registered in htrp://register.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT05105360 (registration date: November 3, 2021)

A prediction model was developed for the wildfire fuel load of Korean red pine (Pinus densiflora) stands with susceptibility to forest fire based on the forest-growth model. Furthermore, a time-series analysis was performed on the variation in forest-fire fuel load according to forest management. National Forest Inventory stand data of 1434 plots for P. densiflora stands were used, and the final forest-fire fuel load prediction model was developed using the Weibull function and mortality model. The fit index of the diameter distribution model ranged from 0.58 (0th percentile) to 0.96 (50th percentile), and that of the mortality model was 0.68. The prediction of the stand growth variation after 20 years based on the growth data of managed and unmanaged stands indicated a mean stand density of 1518 trees per ha for unmanaged stands, and 885 trees per ha for managed stands. Regarding the variation in the available canopy fuel load distribution, the predicted annual increase was approximately 0.7 ton/ha for unmanaged stands and approximately 0.5 ton/ha for managed stands. These findings will contribute to setting fuel management criteria to prevent forest fire spread while providing the quantitative data of the characteristics of stand growth variation and the predicted wildfire fuel load.

Objectives It is well known that type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is dramatically improved after bariatric surgery, although the mechanisms have not been clearly identified. The skill required for gastric surgery for gastric cancer is very similar to that needed in bariatric surgery. In this study, we evaluated the immediate improvement of T2DM after gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Methods A total of nine patients who were diagnosed with early gastric cancer (EGC) and already had T2DM underwent a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) before surgery and within two weeks after gastrectomy. Glucose, insulin, and c-peptide were measured before, and 30 and 60 minutes after ingesting 75 g of glucose. From these trials, we calculated the HOMA-IR, insulinogenic index, Matsuda index, and area under the curve (AUC). Results The mean age of participants was 57.23 ± 11.08 years and eight of them were men. HOMA-IR (4.2 vs. 2.3, P = 0.012) levels were decreased after surgery. There were no significant differences of insulinogenic index, fasting blood sugar before and after surgery. The Matsuda index (3.3 vs. 8.3, P = 0.002) was significantly increased and AUC (512.9 vs. 388.7 mg-hr/dL, P > 0.001) upon 75 g OGTT was significantly decreased after surgery. Conclusions Insulin sensitivity was immediately improved after gastrectomy for early gastric cancer in patients with T2DM.

Background The aim of this multicenter cohort study was to compare the clinical courses between open and laparoscopic Petersen’s hernia (PH) reduction. Method We retrospectively collected the clinical data of patients who underwent PH repair surgery after gastrectomy for gastric cancer from 2015–2018. Forty patients underwent PH reduction operations that were performed by six surgeons at four hospitals. Among the 40 patients, 15 underwent laparoscopic PH reduction (LPH), and 25 underwent open PH reduction (OPH), including 4 patients who underwent LPH but required conversion to OPH. Results We compared the clinical factors between the LPH and OPH groups. In the clinical course, we found no differences in operation times or intraoperative bowel injury, morbidity, or mortality rates between the two groups (p > 0.05). However, the number of days on a soft fluid diet (OPH vs. LPH; 5.8 vs. 3.7 days, p = 0.03) and length of hospital stay (12.6 vs. 8.2 days, p = 0.04) were significantly less in the LPH group than the OPH group. Regarding postoperative complications, the OPH group had a case of pneumonia and sepsis with multi-organ failure, which resulted in mortality. In the LPH group, one patient experienced recurrence and required reoperation for PH. Conclusion Laparoscopic PH reduction was associated with a faster postoperative recovery period than open PH reduction, with a similar incidence of complications. The laparoscopic approach should be considered an appropriate strategy for PH reduction in selected cases.

Introduction Petersen's hernia (PH) is a potentially fatal complication of bowel infarction that is difficult to treat by laparoscopic reduction. Aim To define predictive computed tomography (CT) profiles to identify PH patients who would be suitable for laparoscopic reduction by a comparative analysis between patients treated by laparoscopic and open reduction. Material and methods We retrospectively collected the clinical data of patients (n = 28) who underwent PH reduction surgery after minimally invasive gastrectomy for gastric cancer in the period 2015-2018 at four training hospitals. We examined the preoperative CT scans to identify the indications for laparoscopic PH reduction. Results We compared the laparoscopic reduction group (laparoscopic group, n = 15) and the open reduction group (open group, n = 13). Patients in the laparoscopic group were younger (55.7 ±10.4) than those in the open group (69.3 ±9.1), but there were no differences in clinical or laboratory findings. We found that there were two CT profiles with significant differences between the open and laparoscopic groups: superior mesenteric vein (SMV) narrowing and small bowel dilation. We found that small bowel dilatation was an independent factor on multivariate analysis for laparoscopic PH reduction. Conclusions We found that small bowel dilatation is the most important CT profile for identifying PH patients contraindicated for laparoscopic reduction. Despite the retrospective design of this study, these CT profiles are expected to define the scope of laparoscopic reduction in PH patients and to establish indications for the laparoscopic approach.

This study aims to develop performance evaluation criteria for safety shoes to secure safety and improve work efficiency of forest firefighting crews. Currently there are no standards for safety shoes of forest firefighting crews in South Korea, this research was based on the criteria for safety shoes of firefighters operated by the Korea Fire Equipment Inspection Corporation (KFI). Ten items were selected and tested out of 20 test items through the collection of relevant opinions and review of foreign standards. The test results show that safety shoes and hiking boots had excellent thermal protection performance on the soles. Some of the included polyurethane and shambles fiber materials were found to be not heat resistant. By comparing the judging criteria of ISO 16073, NFPA 1977, NFPA 1971, and BS EN ISO 20345, ten test items and criteria were found suitable for the work environment of firefighting workers in South Korea. This research is expected to contribute to the prevention of human casualties and the improvement of work efficiency of forest firefighters by preparing standards for personal protective equipment.

Thinning is known as an important method not only for promoting healthy forest but for preventing crown fire transition and spread. However, if you do not collect thinning slash, it may serve as a factor in the spread of forest fires. In this study, we attempted to observe the effects of thinning slash on fire behavior. The results of this study showed that total surface-fuel loads including thinning slash were estimated approximately 38.92 ton/ha in the study area, which was about 2.7 times more than that of Ⅳ Pinus densiflora stand in South Korea. Surface fire intensity (SFI) was measured at 8,956.33 kW/m with thinning slash, but 4,454.95 kW/m without thinning slash, which indicates a significant effect of thinning slash on SFI. The estimation of passive crown fire intensity showed that the fire spread rate was calculated as 0.4 km/h in Gunwi but calculated as 0.06 km/h in the study area. The results from this study could serve as a good example to explain the effects of thinning slash on wildfire fuel type.

Incisional hernia is one of the most common complications after abdominal surgery conducted through a midline incision. Considerable debate remains regarding the design, comorbidity, suture material, and method. We investigated the risk factors for incisional hernia after laparoscopic colorectal surgery in the presence of limited surgery-related factors.A retrospective study was designed with 541 patients who underwent laparoscopic colorectal surgery performed by a single operator from January 2015 to December 2017. Due to open conversions, other abdominal operations, or follow-up loss, only 445 patients were included in the study. After propensity score matching, 266 patients were included. The study was based on diagnosis of incisional hernia on computed tomography at 6 and 12 months postoperatively.Of the 266 total patients, 133 underwent abdominal closure using PDS (Ethicon), while the remaining 133 underwent closure with Vicryl (Ethicon). Of these patients, nine were diagnosed with incisional hernia at the 12-month follow-up six (4.5%) in the Vicryl group and three (2.3%) in the PDS group (BMI of25 kg/m

Obesity is associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, one of the most common causes of chronic liver disease. We aimed to demonstrate the effectiveness of bariatric surgery for hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in Korean patients.A total of 32 consecutive patients were enrolled in this study. Hepatic steatosis and liver fibrosis were assessed before surgery and 6 months after surgery using transient elastography and serologic panels.Thirteen patients (40.6%) were male and 19 (59.4%) were female, with a mean age of 39.3 ± 11.3 years. The body mass index was significant at the 6th month: 39.1 ± 6.7 and 30.3 ± 4.7 kg/mThese results suggest that bariatric surgery is associated with a significant improvement in liver steatosis and fibrosis. Bariatric surgery has a beneficial effect on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with morbid obesity in Korea.

Purpose Laparoscopic antireflux surgery is not widely used in Korea, but published data suggest that its results are comparable to those of Western countries. The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical characteristics, medical utilization, and medical costs of antireflux surgery and proton pump inhibitor (PPI) treatments. Methods We used Korean patients who underwent fundoplication (n = 342, surgery group) and a 25% random sample of all patients diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) who were prescribed PPIs for more than 12 weeks (n = 130,987, medication group) between 2007 to 2016. We compared medical costs and utilization between the 2 groups. Results The average cost of fundoplication was $4,631. The costs of GERD treatment in the first year after surgery and during the follow-up period were $78.1 and $50.1 per month, respectively. In the surgery group, the average monthly medical expenses decreased as the year progressed, but the average monthly medical expenses ($137.5 per month) did not decrease in the medication group. After stratifying by age group, the medical costs of the surgery group were lower than those of the medication group for all ages except for patients between the ages of 70 and 79. The cost difference between the 2 groups was prominent between the ages of 20 and 49. Conclusion This study showed that a significant decrease in cost was observed 1 year after surgery, and it was more apparent in younger patients. Further research is needed to determine the appropriateness of antireflux surgery for each group of patients.

Background: Most patients who undergo liver transplantation (LT) have advanced cirrhosis and poor nutritional status. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of enteral nutrition (EN) on the clinical outcomes after LT. Methods: From 2015 to 2019, the medical records of recipient of LT at Kosin University Gospel Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Results: Thirty-seven patients underwent LT. Nineteen patients underwent living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) and 18 patients underwent deceased donor liver transplantation (DDLT). One LDLT patient was excluded because transplantation was done within 1 month. Five DDLT patients were excluded either because they died within 1 month (n=4) or received transplantation within 1 month. (n=1). Therefore, 31 patients were analyzed. Psoas-muscle index (P=0.715) and serum albumin (P=0.111) were not statistically different between the LDLT and DDLT groups. Four patients (4/31) were readmitted because of infection. One LDLT patient was diagnosed with genitourinary infection. The three DDLT patients were diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis (n=1), diverticulitis (n=1), and sepsis (n=1). Readmission caused by infection was not statistically different between LDLD and DDLT patients (P=0.284). Preoperative EN

This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of totally laparoscopic total gastrectomy (TLTG) with esophagojejunostomy by comparing left dorsal wall anastomosis (LDA) with parallel-line anastomosis (PA) methods.We retrospectively reviewed 28 patients who underwent laparoscopic total gastrectomy (LTG) for gastric cancer from January 2017 to September 2018. The patients were divided into two groups according to type of operation: 15 patients underwent PA and 13 underwent LDA. Clinico-pathologic characteristics and surgical outcomes in the two groups were compared and analyzed.Surgical outcomes of estimated blood loss, operation time, and length of postoperative stay were similar between the two groups. In addition, there was no statistical difference in total operation time (186.5±37.0 min vs. 209.0±36.9 min,Intracorporeal reconstruction of esophagojejunostomy using an LDA method may be a feasible and easy technique for TLTG compared with the PA method. Additional studies with larger sample sizes are needed to further support these results.

Purpose To compare long-term disease-free survival (DFS) between patients receiving tegafur/gimeracil/oteracil (S-1) or capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (CAPOX) adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) for gastric cancer (GC). Materials and Methods This retrospective multicenter observational study enrolled 983 patients who underwent curative gastrectomy with consecutive AC with S-1 or CAPOX for stage II or III GC at 27 hospitals in Korea between February 2012 and December 2013. We conducted propensity score matching to reduce selection bias. Long-term oncologic outcomes, including DFS rate over 5 years (over-5yr DFS), were analyzed postoperatively. Results The median and longest follow-up period were 59.0 and 87.6 months, respectively. DFS rate did not differ between patients who received S-1 and CAPOX for pathologic stage II (P=0.677) and stage III (P=0.899) GC. Moreover, hazard ratio (HR) for recurrence did not differ significantly between S-1 and CAPOX (reference) in stage II (HR, 1.846; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.693-4.919; P=0.220) and stage III (HR, 0.942; 95% CI, 0.664-1.337; P=0.738) GC. After adjustment for significance in multivariate analysis, pT (4 vs. 1) (HR, 11.667; 95% CI, 1.595-85.351; P=0.016), pN stage (0 vs. 3) (HR, 2.788; 95% CI, 1.502-5.174; P=0.001), and completion of planned chemotherapy (HR, 2.213; 95% CI, 1.618-3.028; P

Current evidence support that the gut microbiota plays a potential role in obesity. Bariatric surgery can reduce excess weight and decrease the risk of life-threatening weight-related health problems and may also influence gut microbiota. In this study, we aimed to investigate the changes in gut microbiota before and after bariatric surgery and evaluate the association of the gut microbial shift and altered body mass index (BMI) after bariatric surgery. Between January 2019 and July 2020, stools from 58 patients scheduled for bariatric surgery were collected. Six months after bariatric surgery, stools from 22 of these patients were re-collected, and the changes in gut microbiota before and after bariatric surgery were evaluated. In addition, the differences in gut microbiota between patients with severe obesity (BMI > 35, n=42) and healthy volunteers with normal BMI (18.8 – 22.8, n=41) were investigated. The gut microbiota of patients who underwent bariatric surgery showed increased α-diversity and differed β-diversity compared with those before surgery. Interestingly, Blautia was decreased and Bacteriodes was increased at the genus level after bariatric surgery. Further, the Blautia/Bacteroides ratio showed a positive correlation with BMI. These results were similar regardless of the surgery type (Roux-en-Y gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy). To validate these results, we compared the gut microbiota from severely obese patients with high BMI with those from healthy volunteers and demonstrated that the Blautia/Bacteroides ratio correlated positively with BMI. In the gut microbial analysis of patients who underwent bariatric surgery, we identified that the Blautia/Bacteroides ratio had changed after bariatric surgery and showed a positive correlation with BMI. Based on these results, we suggest that bariatric surgery could change the gut microbiota and specific microbiomes might have a potential role in obese patients.

IntroductionPatients who underwent curative gastrectomy for gastric cancer are regularly followed-up for the early detection of recurrence and postoperative symptom management. However, there is a lack of evidence with regard to proper surveillance intervals and diagnostic tools. This study aims to evaluate whether frequent surveillance tests have a survival benefit or improve the quality of life in patients who underwent curative resection for advanced gastric cancer.Methods and analysisThe STOFOLUP trial is an investigator-initiated, parallel-assigned, multicentre randomised controlled trial involving 16 hospitals in the Republic of Korea. Patients (n=886) diagnosed with pathological stage II or III gastric adenocarcinoma will be randomised to either the 3-month or the 6-month group at a 1:1 ratio, stratified by trial site and tumour stage. Patients allocated to the 3-month group will undergo an abdominal CT scan every 3 months postoperatively and those allocated to the 6-month group will undergo CT every 6 months. The primary endpoint is 3-year overall survival and the secondary endpoints are quality of life, as assessed using KOrean QUality of life in Stomach cancer patients Study group-40, the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 and the stomach cancer-specific module (STO22), and nutritional outcomes. Other survival data including data concerning 3-year disease-free survival, recurrence-free survival, gastric cancer-specific survival and postrecurrence survival will also be estimated. The first patient was enrolled on July 2021 and active patient enrolment is currently underway.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the Institutional Review Board of eight of the participating hospitals (NCC 2021-0085, KBSMC2021-01-059, SMC 2021-01-140, KC21OEDE0082, 4-2021-0281, AJIRB-MED-INT-20-608, 2021-0515 and H-2102-093-1198). This study will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, national or international conferences.Trial registration numberNCT04740346.

Laparoscopic endoscopic cooperative surgery (LECS) refers to the endoscopic dissection of the mucosal or submucosal layers with laparoscopic seromuscular resection. We recommend a treatment algorithm for the LECS procedure for gastric benign tumors according to the protruding type. In the exophytic type, endoscopic-assisted wedge resection can be performed. In the endophytic type, endoscopic-assisted wedge resection of the anterior wall is relatively easy to perform, and endoscopic-assisted transgastric resection, laparoscopic-assisted intragastric surgery, or single-incision intragastric resection in the posterior wall and esophagogastric junction (EG Jx) can be attempted. We propose an algorithm for the LECS procedure for early gastric cancer according to the tumor location. The endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) procedure can be adapted for all areas of the stomach, and single-incision ESD can be performed in the mid to high body and the EG Jx. In full-thickness gastric resection, laparoscopy-assisted endoscopic full-thickness resection can be adapted for the entire area of the stomach, but it cannot be applied to the pyloric and EG Jx. In conclusion, surgeons need to select the LECS procedure according to tumor type, tumor location, the surgeon's individual experience, and the situation of the institution while also considering the advantages and disadvantages of each procedure.

Backgrounds/Aims This multicenter study aims to evaluate the effect and feasibility of anti-reflux surgery compared with medical treatment for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Methods Patients with GERD who were undergoing medical treatment with proton pump inhibitors for more than 8 weeks and those who were scheduled to undergo anti-reflux surgery were enrolled. Efficacy of pre-operative medical treatment was evaluated retrospectively and effect of anti-reflux surgery was prospectively evaluated at 1 week and 3 months after surgery. Quality of life (QOL) was also investigated before and after surgery. Results Between February and October 2018, 51 patients underwent laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication for treating GERD at 5 hospitals in Korea. Thirty-four patients (66.7%) showed poor proton pump inhibitor response. At 3 months after surgery, heartburn was completely resolved in 87.9% patients and partially improved in 9.1%. Acid regurgitation was completely resolved in 82.9% and partially improved in 11.4%. Atypical extraesophageal symptoms were completely controlled in 45.5% and partially controlled in 36.4%. GERD-related QOL scores at 1 week after surgery significantly improved compared with pre-operative scores. There was no difference in GERD-related QOL scores between 1 week and 3 months after surgery. General QOL measured with European QOL-5 dimensions and health-related QOL instrument with 8 items significantly improved after anti-reflux surgery. Satisfaction with treatment was significantly higher after surgery than before surgery (72.5% vs 11.8%, P < 0.001). Conclusion Anti-reflux surgery improved GERD symptoms and QOL in patients. Anti-reflux surgery is an effective treatment option compared with medical treatment for GERD patients selected for surgical treatment. (J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2019;25:394-402)

Objectives: To evaluate nanoscale molecular interactions in the interface between human bone and orthodontic titanium implants. Materials and Methods: An orthodontic implant (sandblasted with large grit and with an acid-etched surface treated with Ti6A14V alloy) retrieved from the mandible of human after 2 months of healing was used to analyze the molecular interactive mechanism between the implant and the surrounding bone tissue. To preserve the natural state of the sample as much as possible, cryofixation and scanning electron microscope/focused ion beam milling without any chemical treatment were used during sample preparation. Atom probe tomography was used to investigate the chemical composition and structure at the interface between the implant and human bone tissue. Results: Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of the whole sample revealed a 20 × 50-nm2 plate-like bony element diffusion layer in the sample. The iso concentration analysis of the diffusion layer indicated that the bony element, calcium, and the implant element, titanium oxide, were interspersed with each other. Detailed ionic distribution was illustrated by 3D reconstruction with partial region of interest and one-dimensional concentration profiles of the implant-bone interface. Conclusions: The study results advance nanoscale understanding of osseointegration and suggest a potential nanostructure for increasing bond strength of biomaterials to bone.

Recently, endoscopic screening systems have enabled the diagnosis of gastric cancer in the early stages. Early gastric cancer (EGC) is typically characterized by a shallow invasion depth and small size, which can hinder localization of EGC tumors during laparoscopic surgery. Here, we review nine recently reported tumor localization methods for the laparoscopic resection of EGCs. Preoperative dye or blood tattooing has the disadvantage of spreading. Preoperative 3-dimensional computed tomography reconstruction is not performed in real time during laparoscopic gastrectomy. Thus, they are considered to have a low accuracy. Intraoperative portable abdominal radiography and intraoperative laparoscopic ultrasonography methods can provide real-time feedback, but these methods require expertise, and it can be difficult to define the clips in some gastric regions. Despite a few limitations, intraoperative gastrofibroscopy provides real-time feedback with high accuracy. The detection system using an endoscopic magnetic marking clip, fluorescent clip, and radio-frequency identification detection system clip is considered highly accurate and provides real-time feedback; we expect a commercial version of this setup to be available in the near future. However, there is not yet an easy method for accurate real-time detection. We hope that improved devices will soon be developed and used in clinical settings.

To analyze the short- and long-term clinical outcomes of 2 reconstruction methods after distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer.Three keywords, "gastric neoplasm," "distal gastrectomy," and "reconstruction," were used to search PubMed. We selected only randomized controlled trial that compared the anastomosis methods. A total of 11 papers and 8 studies were included in this meta-analysis. All statistical analyses were performed using the R software.Among short-term clinical outcomes, a shorter operation time, reduced morbidity, and shorter hospital stay were found for Billroth type I (B-I) than for Roux-en-Y (RNY) reconstruction in the meta-analysis (P0.001, P=0.048, P0.001, respectively). When comparing Billroth type II (B-II) to RNY, the operation time was shorter for B-II than for RNY (P0.019), but there were no differences in morbidity or length of hospital stay (P=0.500, P=0.259, respectively). Regarding long-term clinical outcomes related to reflux, there were significantly fewer incidents of reflux esophagitis, reflux gastritis, and bile reflux (P=0.035, P0.001, P=0.019, respectively) for RNY than for B-I in the meta-analysis, but there was no difference between the 2 methods in residual food (P=0.545). When comparing B-II to RNY, there were significantly fewer incidents of reflux gastritis (P0.001) for RNY than for B-II, but the amount of residual food and patient weight gain showed no difference.B-I had the most favorable short-term outcomes, but RNY was more advantageous for long-term outcomes than for other methods. Surgeons should be aware of the advantages and disadvantages of each type of anastomosis and select the appropriate method.

Tegafur/gimeracil/oteracil (S-1) and capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (CAPOX) are standard adjuvant chemotherapies (ACs) administered after gastrectomy to patients with stage II or III gastric cancer. However, the efficacy of AC in elderly patients remains unclear. The objective of this retrospective multicenter cohort study was to compare the efficacies of S-1 and CAPOX AC in patients aged ≥70 years.Nine hundred eighty-three patients who were treated with AC using S-1 (768 patients) or CAPOX (215 patients) were enrolled in this study. Each patient underwent AC after curative gastrectomy for stage II or III gastric cancer at one of 27 hospitals in the Republic of Korea between January 2012 and December 2013. Relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed according to AC regimen and age group.Of the 983 patients, 254 (25.8%) were elderly. This group had a similar RFS (P=0.099) but significantly poorer OS (p=0.003) compared with the non-elderly group. Subgroup analysis of the non-elderly group revealed no AC-associated differences in survival. Subgroup analysis of the elderly group revealed significantly better survival in the S-1 group than in the CAPOX group (RFS, P0.001; OS, P0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that the CAPOX regimen was an independent poor prognostic factor for RFS (hazard ratio [HR], 1.891; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.072-3.333; P=0.028) and OS (HR, 2.970; 95% CI, 1.550-5.692; P=0.001).This multicenter observational cohort study found significant differences in RFS and OS between S-1 and CAPOX AC among patients with gastric cancer aged ≥70 years.