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OBJECTIVE This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the association between leptin, insulin and adiponectin levels and anthropometric measurements of term newborns of adolescent and adult mothers. STUDY DESIGN Umbilical cord plasma samples were obtained from 80 healthy term neonates (40 from teenagers and 40 from adult mothers) and adiponectin, insulin and leptin concentrations were measured. RESULTS Cord plasma adiponectin levels were higher in the boys from adult mothers than in the boys of the adolescent (p

Minerais estão relacionados com todas as etapas de crescimento e diferenciação celular. Quando a gestação coincide com a adolescência a demanda nutricional necessária para ótimo desenvolvimento e crescimento materno e fetal aumenta consideravelmente. Apesar de existirem muitos estudos sobre as funções destes micronutrientes, pouco se sabe sobre suas atuações no resultado da gestação. Este trabalho objetivou revisar na literatura o papel do cobre, ferro, e zinco no resultado da gestação, em especial de gestantes adolescentes, focando intercorrências como baixo peso ao nascer, partos pré-termo, pré-eclampsia, abortos, dentre outras complicações associadas à gestação na adolescência. Os estudos já realizados são limitados, há a necessidade de promovê-los em países em desenvolvimento, onde a deficiência de micronutrientes e intercorrências possuem altos índices. Os benefícios da suplementação de minerais na redução da prevalência de déficits e na melhora dos estoques maternos têm sido demonstrados, mas dados sobre os benefícios potenciais para o feto são pouco conclusivos.Minerals are associated with all stages of growth and cellular differentiation. When gestation coincides with adolescence, the nutritional requirements for optimal development of the mother and fetus increase significantly. Although there are many studies on the function of micronutrients, little is known about their influence on pregnancy outcome. This work aimed to review studies that investigated the influence of copper, iron and zinc on pregnancy outcome, especially in teenagers, focusing on intercurrences such as low birth weight, preterm births, pre-eclampsia, miscarriages and other complications associated with teenage pregnancy. There are only a few studies on this topic and a need to promote them in developing countries, where high rates of micronutrient deficiencies and intercurrences are common. The efficacy of mineral supplementation in reducing deficiency rates and improving maternal reserves has been demonstrated but data on potential benefits for the fetus are not very conclusive.

Minerais estão relacionados com todas as etapas de crescimento e diferenciação celular. Quando a gestação coincide com a adolescência a demanda nutricional necessária para ótimo desenvolvimento e crescimento materno e fetal aumenta consideravelmente. Apesar de existirem muitos estudos sobre as funções destes micronutrientes, pouco se sabe sobre suas atuações no resultado da gestação. Este trabalho objetivou revisar na literatura o papel do cobre, ferro, e zinco no resultado da gestação, em especial de gestantes adolescentes, focando intercorrências como baixo peso ao nascer, partos pré-termo, pré-eclampsia, abortos, dentre outras complicações associadas à gestação na adolescência. Os estudos já realizados são limitados, há a necessidade de promovê-los em países em desenvolvimento, onde a deficiência de micronutrientes e intercorrências possuem altos índices. Os benefícios da suplementação de minerais na redução da prevalência de déficits e na melhora dos estoques maternos têm sido demonstrados, mas dados sobre os benefícios potenciais para o feto são pouco conclusivos. Minerals are associated with all stages of growth and cellular differentiation. When gestation coincides with adolescence, the nutritional requirements for optimal development of the mother and fetus increase significantly. Although there are many studies on the function of micronutrients, little is known about their influence on pregnancy outcome. This work aimed to review studies that investigated the influence of copper, iron and zinc on pregnancy outcome, especially in teenagers, focusing on intercurrences such as low birth weight, preterm births, pre-eclampsia, miscarriages and other complications associated with teenage pregnancy. There are only a few studies on this topic and a need to promote them in developing countries, where high rates of micronutrient deficiencies and intercurrences are common. The efficacy of mineral supplementation in reducing deficiency rates and improving maternal reserves has been demonstrated but data on potential benefits for the fetus are not very conclusive.

The placenta is fundamental for fetal development. The aim of this study was to determine Ca, Fe, Cu, and Zn content in the fetal and maternal portions of the placentas of teenage and adult women. Measurement of the minerals was conducted using Synchrotron radiation total reflection X-ray fluorescence. Forty samples from the fetal portion of teenagers and adults and 40 samples from the maternal portion of teenagers and adults were analyzed. There were significant differences in the Ca and Cu concentrations of the placenta’s maternal portion when compared to the fetal portion, for both teenagers and adults. There were differences in Fe and Zn concentrations only when comparing the maternal portion of placenta with the fetal portion of the adults. These results suggest important differences in mineral content based on the placental portion. No significant difference was observed between the minerals studied of the maternal portion of teenagers and adults; however, in the fetal portion, mineral concentrations were greater in adults than in teenagers. Therefore, the mineral concentration of the fetal portion of the placenta is influenced by the mother’s age. If there is mineral’s competition between the mother and fetus during pregnancy in adolescence due to the importance of these minerals in growth and development, then the mechanism and reason for it should be elucidated in future research. In addition, we believe that further research should be carried out on transporters of these minerals in the same portions of the placentas analyzed by our group, in teenagers and adults.