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Chagas disease, considered a neglected disease, was initially confined to rural localities in endemic areas; however, in recent years through the process of urbanization and migration of infected people, the disease is gaining importance in urban environments. The presence of the vector in urban areas in most cases is due to the passive transport of vectors, but recently, its presence seems to be linked to vector adaptation processes associated with climate change. This paper reports the occurrence of an infected triatomine in the peridomicile of a house in an urban area of Córdoba, Veracruz, Mexico, where the species found is described, the molecular characteristics and resistance to BZN and NFX of the Trypanosoma cruzi isolate obtained, as well as serological data of the dwelling inhabitants. These urban disease scenarios make it possible to generate new scientific knowledge and enable the creation of new control strategies for Chagas disease vectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Until recently, the State of Puebla, Mexico had no official reported chronic cases of Trypanosoma cruzi Chagas. The State has conditions of social and ecological marginalization for transmission of infectious agents to be effective. Entomological indices and triatomines at the municipality of Xayacatlán de Bravo, Puebla were analyzed, as well as the DTU of circulating T. cruzi. In total, 117 triatomines were collected. The isolated strains of T. cruzi were molecularly characterized using the 24Sa rRNA and miniexon markers. Results indicated Meccus pallidipennis Stål and Triatoma bassolsae are at the municipality of Xayacatlán de Bravo. We found natural infection rate of 33.3%, and the circulating DTU was TcI. Data indicated the need to study biological and bionomic aspects associated with triatomines that are adapting to human dwelling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technological innovation in the design and manufacture of temporary immersion systems (TIS) has increased in the past decade. Innovations have involved the size, fitting, and replacement of components, as well as manufacturing materials. Air replacement by compressor has also been substituted by air replacement by preset tilting/rotation of culture bottles. This design modification aims to increase the biological yield (number of shoots) produced in these bottles and reduce manufacturing costs. However, the operative principle has remained unchanged through time: promote an environment where explant immersions in the culture medium are programmable. The changes in the TIS design involve advantages and disadvantages, generating the efficiency of one type over another. However, validation to identify the most effective type of TIS should be carried out for each plant species. This chapter lists the different types of temporary immersion available on the market, emphasizing the advantages and disadvantages of each when used for plant micropropagation., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)