313 results on '"López-López, Pedro"'
Search Results
2. Hepatitis E virus in wild and domestic rabbits from Portugal: a combined molecular and longitudinal serological study
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Santos-Silva, Sérgio, Santos, Nuno, López-López, Pedro, Nascimento, Maria S. J., Gonçalves, Helena M. R., Van der Poel, Wim H. M., Rivero-Juarez, António, and Mesquita, João R.
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- 2024
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3. Molecular Survey of Protist Enteroparasites in Bats (Order Chiroptera) from Portugal
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López-López, Pedro, Cruz, Andreia V. S., Santos-Silva, Sérgio, Rivero-Juárez, Antonio, Rebelo, Hugo, and Mesquita, João R.
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- 2025
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4. Detection of hepatitis E virus genotype 3 in an Algerian mouse (Mus spretus) in Portugal
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Santos-Silva, Sérgio, Moraes, Danny Franciele da Silva Dias, López-López, Pedro, Paupério, Joana, Queirós, João, Rivero-Juarez, António, Lux, Laura, Ulrich, Rainer G., Gonçalves, Helena M.R., Van der Poel, Wim H.M., Nascimento, Maria S.J., and Mesquita, João R.
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- 2024
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5. Correction: Hepatitis E virus in wild and domestic rabbits from Portugal: a combined molecular and longitudinal serological study
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Santos-Silva, Sérgio, Santos, Nuno, López-López, Pedro, Nascimento, Maria S. J., Gonçalves, Helena M. R., Van der Poel, Wim H. M., Rivero-Juarez, António, and Mesquita, João R.
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- 2024
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6. Prevalence of Paslahepevirus balayani in commercial swine food products from Spain
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López-López, Pedro, Risalde, María A., Casares-Jiménez, María, Caballero-Gómez, Javier, Martín-Gómez, Andrés, Martínez-Blasco, Javier, Agulló-Ros, Irene, Frías, Mario, García-Bocanegra, Ignacio, Gómez-Villamandos, José C., Rivero, Antonio, and Rivero-Juárez, Antonio
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- 2024
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7. Hepatitis E Virus in the Iberian Peninsula: A Systematic Review
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Santos-Silva, Sérgio, da Silva Dias Moraes, Danny Franciele, López-López, Pedro, Rivero-Juarez, António, Mesquita, João R., and Nascimento, Maria São José
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- 2023
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8. Temporal changes in the genotypes of Paslahepevirus balayani in southern Spain and their possible link with changes in pig trade imports
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Lopez-Lopez, Pedro, Frias, Mario, Perez-Jimenez, Ana Belén, Freyre-Carrillo, Carolina, Pineda, Juan A., Fuentes, Ana, Alados, Juan Carlos, Ramirez-Arellano, Encarnación, Viciana, Isabel, Corona-Mata, Diana, Caballero-Gomez, Javier, Garcia-Bocanegra, Ignacio, Risalde, María A., Rivero-Juarez, Antonio, and Rivero, Antonio
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- 2023
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9. Global molecular diversity of Hepatitis E virus in wild boar and domestic pig
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Casares-Jimenez, Maria, Lopez-Lopez, Pedro, Caballero-Gomez, Javier, Frias, Mario, Perez-Hernando, Belen, Oluremi, Adeolu Sunday, Risalde, Maria A., Ruiz-Caceres, Inmaculada, Opaleye, Oluyinka Oladele, Garcia-Bocanegra, Ignacio, Rivero-Juarez, Antonio, and Rivero, Antonio
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- 2021
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10. Parsonage-Turner syndrome associated with hepatitis E infection in immunocompetent patients
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Mendoza-Lopez, Claudia, Lopez-Lopez, Pedro, Atienza-Ayala, Saida, Rivero-Juarez, Antonio, and Benito, Rafael
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- 2020
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11. Rat hepatitis E virus (Rocahepevirus ratti) in people living with HIV
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Junta de Andalucía, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, European Commission, Ministerio de Sanidad (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (España), Espinosa, Nuria [0000-0003-2249-2352], Casares-Jiménez, María, Rivero-Juárez, Antonio, López-López, Pedro, Montes, María Luisa, Navarro-Soler, Roser, Peraire, Joaquim, Espinosa, Nuria, Alemán-Valls, María R., García-García, Tránsito, Caballero-Gómez, Javier, Corona-Mata, Diana, Pérez-Valero, Ignacio, Ulrich, Rainer G., Rivero, Antonio, Junta de Andalucía, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, European Commission, Ministerio de Sanidad (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (España), Espinosa, Nuria [0000-0003-2249-2352], Casares-Jiménez, María, Rivero-Juárez, Antonio, López-López, Pedro, Montes, María Luisa, Navarro-Soler, Roser, Peraire, Joaquim, Espinosa, Nuria, Alemán-Valls, María R., García-García, Tránsito, Caballero-Gómez, Javier, Corona-Mata, Diana, Pérez-Valero, Ignacio, Ulrich, Rainer G., and Rivero, Antonio
- Abstract
Rat hepatitis E virus (ratHEV; species Rocahepevirus ratti) is considered a newly emerging cause of acute hepatitis of zoonotic origin. ratHEV infection of people living with HIV (PLWH) might portend a worse, as with hepatitis E virus (HEV; species Paslahepevirus balayani), and consequently this group may constitute a high-risk population. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of ratHEV by measuring viral RNA and specific IgG antibodies in a large Spanish cohort of PLWH. Multicentre study conducted in Spain evaluating PLWHIV included in the Spanish AIDS Research Network (CoRIS). Patients were evaluated for ratHEV infection using PCR at baseline and anti-ratHEV IgG by dot blot analysis to evaluate exposure to ratHEV strains. Patients with detectable ratHEV RNA were followed-up to evaluate persistence of viremia and IgG seroconversion. Eight-hundred and forty-two individuals were tested. A total of 9 individuals showed specific IgG antibodies against ratHEV, supposing a prevalence of 1.1 (95% CI; 0.5%−2.1%). Of these, only one was reactive to HEV IgG antibodies by ELISA. One sample was positive for ratHEV RNA (prevalence of infection: 0.1%; 95% CI: 0.08%−0.7%). The case was a man who had sex with men exhibiting a slightly increased alanine transaminase level (49 IU/L) as only biochemical alteration. In the follow-up, the patients showed undetectable ratHEV RNA and seroconversion to specific ratHEV IgG antibodies. Our study shows that ratHEV is geographical broadly distributed in Spain, representing a potential zoonotic threat.
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- 2024
12. Ética y derechos humanos para bibliotecas y archivos
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López López, Pedro, Vives-Gràcia, Josep, ANABAD, ANABAD, López López, Pedro, and Vives-Gràcia, Josep
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A. Theoretical and general aspects of libraries and information. ,BA. Use and impact of information. - Abstract
This book provides the basis for an ethical and responsible professional practice into the framework of ethics and human right field.
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- 2013
13. Los derechos humanos como guía para el quehacer de las bibliotecas y archivos
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López López, Pedro
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AZ. None of these, but in this section. - Abstract
The role of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other references in the matter is defended as a guideline for the work of librarians and archivists. Likewise, it upholds as essential a basic education in human rights in the degrees of Library and Information Science study programs.
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- 2010
14. La formación ciudadana en Biblioteconomía y Documentación como experiencia docente innovadora
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López López, Pedro, Vellosillo González, Inmaculada, Críspulo, Travieso Rodríguez, and José A., Frías Montoya
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GH. Education. - Abstract
The need of emphasizing the citizenship aspect of Library and Information Science education is stressed. Justification for improving this education need is presented, with mention to recommendations made by international organizations such as UNESCO, Council of Europe, IFLA…
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- 2008
15. La responsabilidad social en el curriculum de Biblioteconomía y Documentación
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López López, Pedro, Vellosillo González, Inmaculada, and García Moreno, Maria Antonia
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GG. Curricula aspects. ,GH. Education. ,B. Information use and sociology of information - Abstract
The need of emphasizing the citizenship aspect (social responsibility) of LIS education is stressed. Justification for improving this education need is presented, with mention to recommendations made by international organizations such as UNESCO, Council of Europe, IFLA, etc.
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- 2007
16. La educación en valores y el espacio europeo de educación superior : el caso de biblioteconomía y documentación
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López-López, Pedro, Vellosillo-González, Inmaculada, García-Moreno, María-Antonia, and Castillo-Sánchez, Isabel
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GG. Curricula aspects. ,GH. Education. - Abstract
The need of strengthening education in professional and democratic values within LIS degrees is stressed. This possiblilty is based upon some recommendations by international institutions such as UNESCO, IFLA, etc. And it is also accepted by the existing guidelines designed to build the new European Space for Higher Education.
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- 2005
17. Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) Infection in Anti-HEV Immunoglobulin G-Carrying Patients After Successful Hepatitis C Virus Treatment: Reactivation or Reinfection?
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Rivero-Juarez, Antonio, Frias, Mario, Lopez-Lopez, Pedro, de Los Angeles Risalde, María, Brieva, Teresa, Machuca, Isabel, Camacho, Angela, Martinez-Peinado, Antonio, Gomez-Villamandos, Jose Carlos, and Rivero, Antonio
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- 2017
18. Protist enteroparasites in wild boar (Sus scrofa ferus) and black Iberian pig (Sus scrofa domesticus) in southern Spain: a protective effect on hepatitis E acquisition?
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Rivero-Juarez, Antonio, Dashti, Alejandro, López-López, Pedro, Muadica, Aly Salimo, Risalde, Maria de los Angeles, Köster, Pamela C., Machuca, Isabel, Bailo, Begoña, de Mingo, Marta Hernández, Dacal, Elena, García-Bocanegra, Ignacio, Saugar, José M., Calero-Bernal, Rafael, González-Barrio, David, Rivero, Antonio, Briz, Verónica, and Carmena, David
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- 2020
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19. Lack of associations of microRNAs with severe NAFLD in people living with HIV: discovery case-control study
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Frías, Mario, primary, Corona-Mata, Diana, additional, Moyano, Jose M., additional, Camacho-Espejo, Angela, additional, López-López, Pedro, additional, Caballero-Gómez, Javier, additional, Ruiz-Cáceres, Inmaculada, additional, Casares-Jiménez, Marı́a, additional, Pérez-Valero, Ignacio, additional, Rivero-Juárez, Antonio, additional, and Rivero, Antonio, additional
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- 2023
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20. Los crímenes del franquismo y el derecho internacional
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López López, Pedro and López López, Pedro
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Se analizan los crímenes cometidos por el franquismo tanto en la guerra civil como en la dictadura a la luz del derecho internacional., Depto. de Biblioteconomía y Documentación, Fac. de Ciencias de la Documentación, TRUE, pub
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- 2023
21. Inclusión digital: un nuevo derecho humano
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López López, Pedro, Samek, Toni, López López, Pedro, and Samek, Toni
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El artículo repasa la clasificación de los derechos humanos considerando la inclusión digital como un derecho humano de última generación, incluido en los derechos derivados de las nuevas tecnologías de la información y la comunicación., Depto. de Biblioteconomía y Documentación, Fac. de Ciencias de la Documentación, TRUE, pub
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- 2023
22. La enseñanza de los derechos humanos en la Universidad
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López López, Pedro and López López, Pedro
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El artículo reflexiona sobre la necesidad de la formación en derechos humanos en la enseñanza universitaria, de acuerdo con el criterio de las Naciones Unidas y del Consejo de Europa. Por otro lado, se comenta la escasa incidencia de asignaturas de derechos humanos en la universidad española, aportando datos parciales de una muestra de titulaciones., This paper examines on the need for human rights training in Higher Education, according to the criteria of the United Nations and the Council of Europe. On the other hand, comments the low incidence of human rights courses in& Spanish& universities, providing partial data from a sample of degrees., Depto. de Biblioteconomía y Documentación, Fac. de Ciencias de la Documentación, TRUE, pub
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- 2023
23. Crisis y biblioteca pública
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López López, Pedro and López López, Pedro
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Se comenta el impacto de la crisis económica sobre los servicios públicos, y en concreto sobre la biblioteca, defendiendo el importante papel de la biblioteca pública para la ciudadanía precisamente en tiempos de crisis., Depto. de Biblioteconomía y Documentación, Fac. de Ciencias de la Documentación, TRUE, pub
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- 2023
24. Temporal changes in the genotypes of Paslahepevirus balayani in southern Spain and their possible link with changes in pig trade imports
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Junta de Andalucía, Ministerio de Sanidad (España), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), López-López, Pedro, Frías, Mario, Pérez Jiménez, Ana Belén, Freyre, Carolina, Pineda, Juan A., García-Fuentes, Ana, Alados, Juan Carlos, Ramírez-Arellano, Encarnación, Viciana, Isabel, Corona-Mata, Diana, Caballero-Gómez, Javier, García-Bocanegra, Ignacio, Risalde, María A., Rivero-Juárez, Antonio, Rivero, Antonio, HEPAVIR Study Group, GEHEP-014 Study Group, Junta de Andalucía, Ministerio de Sanidad (España), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), López-López, Pedro, Frías, Mario, Pérez Jiménez, Ana Belén, Freyre, Carolina, Pineda, Juan A., García-Fuentes, Ana, Alados, Juan Carlos, Ramírez-Arellano, Encarnación, Viciana, Isabel, Corona-Mata, Diana, Caballero-Gómez, Javier, García-Bocanegra, Ignacio, Risalde, María A., Rivero-Juárez, Antonio, Rivero, Antonio, HEPAVIR Study Group, and GEHEP-014 Study Group
- Abstract
[Introduction] Paslahepevirus balayani (HEV) is an endemic zoonotic disease ranked as a major cause of acute hepatitis in Europe. Most infections occurring in Europe are due to the endemic several subtypes of genotype 3, through the consumption of raw or undercooked pork, observing a genotype geographical distribution pattern among countries Because of global changes in the pig and pork trading markets, subtype distribution might vary. We aimed to evaluate the temporal distribution of HEV genotypes in patients from southern Spain with acute hepatitis to determine whether these changes were related to the pig import trade during the study period between 2018 and 2022., [Methods] Prospective longitudinal study including patients with acute hepatitis from southern Spain between 2018 and 2022. HEV RNA and antibodies was tested in all patients. In patients with detectable HEV RNA, genotype was obtained. To determine the number of imported pigs and their origins, we checked the official data from the Spanish statistics on international trade of Spanish Minister of Industry during by country of origin during the same study period., [Results] A total of 659 patients with acute hepatitis were included in the study. Among them, 162 (24.5%) had at least one marker (IgM or RNA) of acute HEV infection. Among the 71 patients with detectable viral RNA, genotypes could be obtained for 58 (81.6%). The most prevalent HEV genotype was 3f (n = 48; 78.6%), showing a decreasing prevalence of over time, from 100% in 2018 to 70.6% in 2022. Since 2021, the emergence of other genotypes has been determined. A significant increase in the number of animals imported was observed since the beginning of the study. Denmark experienced a significant rise, from 0.03% in 2018 of total imports to 10.4% in 2022., [Conclusions] HEV molecular diversity is changing in Spain, could be linked to changes in fattening pig import origin.
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- 2023
25. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Hepatitis E Virus Detection in Farmed Ruminants
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Santos-Silva, Sérgio, López-López, Pedro, Gonçalves, Helena M.R., Rivero-Juarez, António, van der Poel, Wim H.M., Nascimento, Maria São José, Mesquita, João R., Santos-Silva, Sérgio, López-López, Pedro, Gonçalves, Helena M.R., Rivero-Juarez, António, van der Poel, Wim H.M., Nascimento, Maria São José, and Mesquita, João R.
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Swine are widely recognized as the main reservoir of zoonotic HEV; however, a growing body of data on the HEV prevalence in farmed ruminants of different species also points to a potential route for HEV transmission through ruminants and ruminant products and by-products. Definite information on the zoonotic potential of ruminants is still absent or unclear, compelling the necessity for increasing knowledge on this. The aim of the current study was to analyze the state-of-the-art in this research topic and provide a summary of HEV detection and characterization in farmed ruminants. A total of 1567 papers were retrieved from four search databases that resulted in 35 eligible papers after application of exclusion/inclusion criteria. Studies on HEV in farmed ruminants were mainly based on the detection of HEV RNA and were reported in Africa (n = 1), America (n = 3), Asia (n = 18) and Europe (n = 13), and focused on a variety of ruminants species, namely cow, goat, sheep, deer, buffalo and yak. The overall pooled prevalence of HEV was 0.02% (0.01–0.03, 95% CI). The subgroup pooled prevalence of HEV RNA was 0.01% (0.00–0.02, 95% CI) in cow milk, stool, serum, liver, intestinal, bile, blood, spleen and rectal swab samples; 0.09% (0.02–0.18, 95% CI) in goat serum, bile, stool, milk, liver, rectal swab and blood samples; 0.01% (0.00–0.04, 95% CI) in sheep stool, serum, milk, blood and liver samples. Most of the HEV genotypes found in farmed ruminants belonged to the zoonotic HEV-3 (subtypes 3a, 3c) and HEV-4 (subtype 4d, 4h), with Rocahepevirus also found. The wide HEV circulation observed in different farmed ruminants raises concerns for the possibility of HEV transmission through products from infected ruminants and alerts for the potential zoonotic route for HEV in ruminant products, such as meat and dairy products. Also, contact exposure to infected farmed animals could be a risk factor. Further research should be conducted in order to understand the circulation of HEV
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- 2023
26. Optimization of the molecular diagnosis of the acute hepatitis E virus infection
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Junta de Andalucía, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, European Commission, Fundación para la Investigación en Salud, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), López-López, Pedro, Frías, Mario, Pérez Jiménez, Ana Belén, Freyre, Carolina, Pineda, Juan A., Aguilera, Antonio, Fuentes, Ana, Alados, Juan Carlos, Reina, Gabriel, Ramírez-Arellano, Encarnación, Viciana, Isabel, Mesquita, Joao, Caballero-Gómez, Javier, Rivero-Juárez, Antonio, Rivero, Antonio, HEPAVIR and GEHEP-014 Study Groups, Junta de Andalucía, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, European Commission, Fundación para la Investigación en Salud, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), López-López, Pedro, Frías, Mario, Pérez Jiménez, Ana Belén, Freyre, Carolina, Pineda, Juan A., Aguilera, Antonio, Fuentes, Ana, Alados, Juan Carlos, Reina, Gabriel, Ramírez-Arellano, Encarnación, Viciana, Isabel, Mesquita, Joao, Caballero-Gómez, Javier, Rivero-Juárez, Antonio, Rivero, Antonio, and HEPAVIR and GEHEP-014 Study Groups
- Abstract
To evaluate the diagnostic value of the combination of two broad-range PCR assays targeting two different and conserved regions of the viral genome for the diagnosis of acute Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection. Patients with acute hepatitis were prospectively recruited. In all, HEV-IgM antibodies were tested together with evaluation of HEV viraemia by two PCR assays (ORF3 and ORF1). The number of individuals exhibiting negative IgM antibody results but carrying viral RNA was calculated by each PCR assay. Four-hundred and seventy individuals were included, of whom 145 (30.8%) were diagnosed as having acute HEV. Of them, 122 (84.1%) exhibited HEV-IgM antibodies, and 81 (55.8%) had detectable viral RNA for at least one PCR. Using the ORF3 molecular assay, 70 (48.3%) individuals were identified with HEV infection. When the ORF1 molecular assay was applied, 49 (33.8%) individuals were identified. The ORF3 assay detected viral RNA in 32 patients not detected by the ORF1 assay. In contrast, the ORF1 assay could amplify viral RNA in 11 patients who were not detected by the ORF3 assay. The parallel use of two broad-range PCR assays significantly increased the performance of the molecular diagnosis of HEV.
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- 2023
27. Rat hepatitis E virus (Rocahepevirus ratti) in people living with HIV [Dataset]
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Junta de Andalucía, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, European Commission, Ministerio de Sanidad (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (España), Espinosa, Nuria [0000-0003-2249-2352], Casares-Jiménez, María, Rivero-Juárez, Antonio, López-López, Pedro, Montes, María Luisa, Navarro-Soler, Roser, Peraire, Joaquim, Espinosa, Nuria, Alemán-Valls, María R., García-García, Tránsito, Caballero-Gómez, Javier, Corona-Mata, Diana, Pérez-Valero, Ignacio, Ulrich, Rainer G., Rivero, Antonio, Junta de Andalucía, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, European Commission, Ministerio de Sanidad (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (España), Espinosa, Nuria [0000-0003-2249-2352], Casares-Jiménez, María, Rivero-Juárez, Antonio, López-López, Pedro, Montes, María Luisa, Navarro-Soler, Roser, Peraire, Joaquim, Espinosa, Nuria, Alemán-Valls, María R., García-García, Tránsito, Caballero-Gómez, Javier, Corona-Mata, Diana, Pérez-Valero, Ignacio, Ulrich, Rainer G., and Rivero, Antonio
- Abstract
Rat hepatitis E virus (ratHEV; species Rocahepevirus ratti) is considered a newly emerging cause of acute hepatitis of zoonotic origin. ratHEV infection of people living with HIV (PLWH) might portend a worse, as with hepatitis E virus (HEV; species Paslahepevirus balayani), and consequently this group may constitute a high-risk population. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of ratHEV by measuring viral RNA and specific IgG antibodies in a large Spanish cohort of PLWH. Multicentre study conducted in Spain evaluating PLWHIV included in the Spanish AIDS Research Network (CoRIS). Patients were evaluated for ratHEV infection using PCR at baseline and anti-ratHEV IgG by dot blot analysis to evaluate exposure to ratHEV strains. Patients with detectable ratHEV RNA were followed-up to evaluate persistence of viremia and IgG seroconversion. Eight-hundred and forty-two individuals were tested. A total of 9 individuals showed specific IgG antibodies against ratHEV, supposing a prevalence of 1.1 (95% CI; 0.5%−2.1%). Of these, only one was reactive to HEV IgG antibodies by ELISA. One sample was positive for ratHEV RNA (prevalence of infection: 0.1%; 95% CI: 0.08%−0.7%). The case was a man who had sex with men exhibiting a slightly increased alanine transaminase level (49 IU/L) as only biochemical alteration. In the follow-up, the patients showed undetectable ratHEV RNA and seroconversion to specific ratHEV IgG antibodies. Our study shows that ratHEV is geographical broadly distributed in Spain, representing a potential zoonotic threat.
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- 2023
28. Molecular detection of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in bats from Portugal.
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Cruz, Andreia V S, López-López, Pedro, Santos-Silva, Sérgio, Rivero-Juárez, Antonio, Rebelo, Hugo, and Mesquita, João R
- Abstract
Enterocytozoon bieneusi is a microsporidia commonly found in the gastrointestinal tract of humans and a wide range of other animals, constituting a major cause of microsporidiosis in humans. Although E. bieneusi has been detected in humans, domestic, and wild animals in Portugal, and its presence in bats has been linked to zoonotic characteristics, its occurrence in bats within the country has not been reported. In this study, we investigated the presence of E. bieneusi in 380 bat fecal samples collected in mainland Portugal through a nested PCR assay targeting the internal transcribed spacer region and the flanking small and large subunits of the ribosomal RNA. Enterocytozoon bieneusi was detected in one bat sample (i.e. 0.26%; Pipistrellus pipistrellus). Additionally, another sample tested positive for Enterocytozoon sp. Phylogenetic analysis of the obtained ITS sequence of E. bieneusi revealed clustering within the potentially zoonotic Group 1. This study represents the first report of E. bieneusi in a bat from Europe. Findings presented here contribute to an enhanced understanding of E. bieneusi epidemiology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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29. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Hepatitis E Virus Detection in Farmed Ruminants
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Santos-Silva, Sérgio, primary, López-López, Pedro, additional, Gonçalves, Helena M. R., additional, Rivero-Juarez, António, additional, Van der Poel, Wim H. M., additional, Nascimento, Maria São José, additional, and Mesquita, João R., additional
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- 2023
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30. Survey of Zoonotic Diarrheagenic Protist and Hepatitis E Virus in Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) of Portugal
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Santos-Silva, Sérgio, primary, Moraes, Danny Franciele da Silva Dias, additional, López-López, Pedro, additional, Palmeira, Josman D., additional, Torres, Rita T., additional, São José Nascimento, Maria, additional, Dashti, Alejandro, additional, Carmena, David, additional, Rivero-Juarez, Antonio, additional, and Mesquita, João R., additional
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- 2023
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31. The spatial pattern of human exposure to Crimean–Congo haemorrhagic fever virus is not consistent with red deer-based risk predictions
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Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha, European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Frías, Mario, Cuadrado-Matías, Raúl, Castillo Jarilla-Fernández, María del, López-López, Pedro, Casades-Martí, Laia, Madrigal, Elena, Rivero, Antonio, Rivero-Juárez, Antonio, Ruiz-Fons, Francisco, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha, European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Frías, Mario, Cuadrado-Matías, Raúl, Castillo Jarilla-Fernández, María del, López-López, Pedro, Casades-Martí, Laia, Madrigal, Elena, Rivero, Antonio, Rivero-Juárez, Antonio, and Ruiz-Fons, Francisco
- Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the spatial risk of exposure to Crimean–Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) infection of healthy blood donors in an enzootic region with a predicted risk gradient based on a virus–animal interaction risk model. We designed a cross-sectional study to test if the exposure pattern of the human population to CCHFV spatially matches the predicted risk. We randomly selected 1384 donors from different risk gradients and analyzed their sera searching for CCHFV antibodies. None of the selected blood donors showed exposure to CCHFV. This study shows that exposure risk spatial patterns, as predicted from animal-tick-virus models, does not necessarily match the pattern of human-infected tick interactions leading to CCHFV infection and CCHF cases, at least in a region of predicted moderate infection risk. The findings suggest that future studies should bear the potential drivers of tick-human encounter rates into account to more accurately predict risks.
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- 2022
32. Presence of hepatitis E virus in testis of naturally infected wild boars
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Instituto de Salud Carlos III, European Commission, Fundación Progreso y Salud, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Junta de Andalucía, Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (España), Universidad de Córdoba (España), Ministerio de Sanidad (España), Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Risalde, María Ángeles, Frías, Mario, Caballero-Gómez, Javier, López-López, Pedro, Fast, Christine, Jiménez-Ruiz, Saúl, Agulló-Ros, Irene, Eiden, Martin, Jiménez-Martín, Débora, García-Bocanegra, Ignacio, Rivero, Antonio, Gómez-Villamandos, José Carlos, Rivero-Juárez, Antonio, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, European Commission, Fundación Progreso y Salud, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Junta de Andalucía, Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (España), Universidad de Córdoba (España), Ministerio de Sanidad (España), Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Risalde, María Ángeles, Frías, Mario, Caballero-Gómez, Javier, López-López, Pedro, Fast, Christine, Jiménez-Ruiz, Saúl, Agulló-Ros, Irene, Eiden, Martin, Jiménez-Martín, Débora, García-Bocanegra, Ignacio, Rivero, Antonio, Gómez-Villamandos, José Carlos, and Rivero-Juárez, Antonio
- Abstract
The hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the main cause of viral acute hepatitis in the world, affecting more than 20 million people annually. During the acute phase of infection, HEV can be detected in various body fluids, which has a significant impact in terms of transmission, diagnosis or extrahepatic manifestations. Several studies have isolated HEV in the genitourinary tract of humans and animals, which could have important clinical and epidemiological implications. So, our main objective was to evaluate the presence of HEV in testis of naturally infected wild boars (Sus scrofa). For it, blood, liver, hepatic lymph node and testicle samples were collected from 191 male wild boars. The presence of HEV was evaluated in serum by PCR, as well as in tissues by PCR and immunohistochemistry. Four animals (2.09%; 95%CI: 0.82–5.26) showed detectable HEV RNA in serum, being confirmed the presence of HEV-3f genotype in three of them by phylogenetic analysis. HEV was also detected in liver and/or hepatic lymph nodes of the four animals by RT-PCR, as well as by immunohistochemistry analysis. Only one of these wild boars also showed detectable viral load in testis, observing HEV-specific labelling in a small number of fibroblasts and some Sertoli cells. Our results confirm the presence of HEV genotype 3 in naturally infected wild boar testis, although no associated tissue damage was evidenced. This study does not allow us to discard semen as a possible source of HEV transmission in suids. Future experimental studies are necessary to evaluate the impact of HEV genotype 3 on fertility and the possibility of transmission through sexual contact in this specie.
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- 2022
33. Epidemiological survey and risk factors associated with hepatitis E virus in small ruminants in southern Spain
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Junta de Andalucía, Ministerio de Sanidad (España), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Universidad de Córdoba (España), Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Caballero-Gómez, Javier, García-Bocanegra, Ignacio, Jiménez-Martín, Débora, Cano-Terriza, David, Risalde, María Ángeles, López-López, Pedro, Jiménez-Ruiz, Saúl, Rivero, Antonio, Rivero-Juárez, Antonio, Junta de Andalucía, Ministerio de Sanidad (España), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Universidad de Córdoba (España), Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Caballero-Gómez, Javier, García-Bocanegra, Ignacio, Jiménez-Martín, Débora, Cano-Terriza, David, Risalde, María Ángeles, López-López, Pedro, Jiménez-Ruiz, Saúl, Rivero, Antonio, and Rivero-Juárez, Antonio
- Abstract
Autochthonous cases of hepatitis E (HE) associated with zoonotic genotypes HEV-3 and HEV-4 have significantly increased in industrialized countries over the last decade. Suidae are generally recognized as the main reservoirs of these genotypes. Susceptibility to HE virus (HEV) infection and zoonotic potential have also been confirmed in other species, including sheep and goat. However, the information about their role in the epidemiology of HEV remains very scarce. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence, spatial distribution and risk factors associated with HEV exposure in sheep and goats in southern Spain, the country with the highest census of small domestic ruminants in the European Union. Blood samples from 240 sheep and 240 goats were collected between 2015 and 2017. Sera were analysed in parallel using a commercial double-antigen ELISA and real-time PCR. A total of 38 (7.9%; 95%CI: 5.5–10.3) out of 480 sampled animals showed anti-HEV antibodies. By species, the seroprevalences found in sheep and goats were 2.1% (5/240; 95%CI: 0.3–3.9) and 13.8% (33/240; 95%CI: 9.4–18.1) respectively. Anti-HEV antibodies were found on 19 (59.4%; 95%CI: 42.4–76.4) of the 32 sampled farms. The GEE model showed that species (goat) and number of small ruminants in the farm (≤348 animals and ≥538 animals) were risk factors potentially associated with HEV exposure in small ruminants in the study area. HEV RNA was not detected in any of the 480 (0.0%; 95%CI: 0.0–0.8) tested animals. Our results confirm that sheep and goats are naturally, but not equally exposed to HEV and indicate the widespread spatial distribution of HEV among small ruminant populations in southern Spain. Further studies are required to elucidate the role of sheep and goat in the epidemiology of HEV and their potential implications for public health.
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- 2022
34. The common mosquito (Culex pipiens) does not seem to be a competent vector for hepatitis E virus genotype 3
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Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), European Commission, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha, Junta de Andalucía, Fundación Progreso y Salud, Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Frías, Mario, Casades-Martí, Laia, Risalde, María Ángeles, López-López, Pedro, Cuadrado-Matías, Raúl, Rivero, Antonio, Ruiz-Fons, Francisco, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), European Commission, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha, Junta de Andalucía, Fundación Progreso y Salud, Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Frías, Mario, Casades-Martí, Laia, Risalde, María Ángeles, López-López, Pedro, Cuadrado-Matías, Raúl, Rivero, Antonio, and Ruiz-Fons, Francisco
- Abstract
An experimental infection approach was used to estimate the competence of the common mosquito, Culex pipiens, for hepatitis E virus replication and transmission, using an isolate of hepatitis E virus genotype 3 of human origin in varying infectious doses. The experimental approach was carried out in biosafety level 2 conditions on three batches of 120 Cx. pipiens females, each using an artificial feeding system containing the virus in aliquots of fresh avian blood. Mosquitoes from each batch were collected 1, 7, 14, and 21 days post-infection (dpi) and dissected. The proboscis was subjected to forced excretion of saliva to estimate potential virus transmission. HEV RNA presence in abdomen, thorax, and saliva samples was analyzed by PCR at the selected post-infection times. HEV RNA was detected in the abdomens of Cx. pipiens females collected 1 dpi in the two experimentally-infected batches, but not in the saliva or thorax. None of the samples collected 7–21 dpi were positive. Our results show that Cx. pipiens is not a competent vector for HEV, at least for zoonotic genotype 3.
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- 2022
35. The Common Mosquito (Culex pipiens) Does Not Seem to Be a Competent Vector for Hepatitis E Virus Genotype 3
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Frías, Mario, primary, Casades-Martí, Laia, additional, Risalde, María Á., additional, López-López, Pedro, additional, Cuadrado-Matías, Raúl, additional, Rivero-Juárez, Antonio, additional, Rivero, Antonio, additional, and Ruiz-Fons, Francisco, additional
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- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Study of new risk factors for the transmission of the hepatitis E virus
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López-López, Pedro, Rivero Román, Antonio, and Rivero Juárez, Antonio
- Subjects
Transmisión zoonótica ,Virus de la hepatitis E ,Explotaciones porcinas ,Salud pública ,Hepatitis E virus ,Genotipos ,Enfermedades infecciosas ,One Health ,Orthohepevirus A ,Factores de riesgo - Abstract
El objetivo principal del presente proyecto de tesis doctoral es la identificación de factores de riesgo para la infección por el virus de la hepatitis E (VHE). En este sentido, ya que la infección por el VHE en nuestro medio es zoonótica, es necesario el realizar una aproximación One Health para la evaluación de factores de riesgo de la infección; esto es evaluar los factores tanto en población humana como en población animal. Para llevar a cabo esta evaluación es fundamental disponer de una buena herramienta diagnóstica con el objeto de identificar a los sujetos infectados, así como la optimización del algoritmo diagnóstico que permita identificar a la totalidad de pacientes infectados. El primer paso del proyecto de tesis doctoral ha sido el desarrollo y validación de un método molecular para el diagnóstico de la infección por el VHE con una mayor sensibilidad y especificidad que los métodos moleculares disponibles actualmente. En segundo lugar, se ha realizado la optimización del algoritmo diagnóstico de la infección con el objeto de minimizar el número de pacientes falsos negativos. Una vez optimizado el diagnóstico de la infección por el VHE, se han evaluado los factores de riesgo tanto en población humana como en población animal. Para ello se han establecido cinco objetivos, cuya consecución ha dado lugar a 5 publicaciones científicas. Estos se resumen en los siguientes puntos: Objetivo 1: Desarrollar y validar clínicamente un método molecular con capacidad de detección de todos los genotipos y subtipos de la especie Orthohepevirus A. Debido a la considerable variabilidad que el VHE ha mostrado en la actualidad, no existe un método de cribado por PCR que haya sido diseñado para detectar el amplio espectro de genotipos que presenta esta especie viral. La implementación de un método preciso para la detección de todos los genotipos del VHE actualmente descritos, así como la detección de subtipos no identificados, es necesaria para la salud pública tanto humana como animal, constituyendo la base de un modelo de una única Salud (One Health). Por todo ello, el objetivo de nuestro estudio ha sido el diseñar un método basado en PCR pangenotípica para la detección y cuantificación de ARN del VHE para todo el espectro de genotipos descritos. Los análisis para determinar las condiciones óptimas y el rendimiento de este método se llevaron a cabo mediante el uso del virus estándar de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) (6219/10) así como el panel VHE de la OMS (8578/13). Del mismo modo, se realizaron comparaciones de rendimiento de nuestro nuevo método con otros dos métodos comerciales para detectar el ARN del VHE en concentraciones inferiores a 1.000 UI/ml del panel viral de la OMS. Nuestro método demostró mayor sensibilidad que los dos kits comerciales con los que fue comparado (sensibilidad de 100% en comparación con 71,4% [ampliCube 2.0.] y 80.9% [RealStar 2.0.]). Posteriormente realizamos la validación clínica de nuestro método frente a los kits comerciales mediante el análisis de 54 muestras de suero de pacientes con hepatitis aguda comparando la sensibilidad y la especificidad. El método de PCR presentado en este estudio fue capaz de detectar todo el espectro de genotipos descritos pertenecientes a la especie Orthohepevirus A, mostrando un mejor rendimiento que los dos kits comerciales. Por tanto, este procedimiento puede significar una mejora significativa en el diagnóstico molecular de la infección por VHE. Objetivo 2: Optimizar el algoritmo diagnóstico de la infección aguda por el VHE incluyendo la determinación serológica y molecular. Para llevar a cabo nuestro objetivo, realizamos un estudio prospectivo en el que se incluyeron pacientes con sospecha de infección por VHE, definidos como individuos con hepatitis aguda que mostraban resultados negativos para los marcadores serológicos y moleculares de otros virus hepatotropos. Todos los pacientes fueron evaluados para la infección por el VHE, incluyendo análisis de anticuerpos IgM y ARN viral. La infección por el VHE se definió como la positividad de cualquiera de estos marcadores. Se incluyeron 182 pacientes, de los cuales 68 (37,4%) fueron diagnosticados de infección por VHE. De estos, 29 (42,6%) fueron positivos tanto para IgM como para ARN del VHE, 25 (36,8%) fueron positivos sólo para anticuerpos IgM, y 14 (20,6%) fueron positivos sólo para ARN del VHE. Considerando sólo los individuos que fueron positivos a los anticuerpos IgM, se pudieron identificar 54 de los 68 casos (79,4%), mostrando un porcentaje de individuos falsos negativos del 20,6%. En conclusión, el algoritmo de diagnóstico de la infección por VHE en pacientes con hepatitis aguda debería incluir la determinación tanto de anticuerpos IgM como del ARN viral en suero, ya que la toma de muestras única para la determinación de anticuerpos IgM condujo a una proporción importante de pacientes falsos negativos. Objetivo 3: Evaluar si los pacientes infectados por el VIH constituyen un grupo de riesgo de infección por el VHE. No está establecido si las personas infectadas con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) son más susceptibles a la infección por VHE que las personas no infectadas por el VIH. Por esta razón, realizamos una revisión sistemática y metaanálisis que incluían estudios que evaluaban la prevalencia del VHE en esta población, comparándola con individuos no infectados. El análisis incluyó estudios que comparaban pacientes que vivían con el VIH y personas VIH negativas, emparejados por edad, género y área geográfica. Encontramos que las personas infectadas por el VIH no muestran un mayor riesgo para la infección por el VHE, obteniendo una Odds Ratio (OR) de 0,87 (IC del 95%: 0,74-1,03) para efectos fijos, y 0,88 (IC del 95%: 0,70-1,11) para efectos aleatorios (I2 = 47%). De este trabajo concluimos que, en base a los resultados obtenidos, no existen argumentos que recomienden que pacientes infectados por el VIH deban tomar medidas preventivas adicionales a las recomendadas para la población general. Objetivo 4: Evaluar la influencia del gen PROGINS sobre la susceptibilidad y el curso clínico de la infección por VHE. Diseñamos un estudio prospectivo que incluyó tres grupos de pacientes categorizados según el patrón serológico y molecular del VHE: (i) nunca infectados (anticuerpos IgG e IgM así como ARN viral negativos), (ii) infección pasada (anticuerpos IgG positivos, y negativo para IgM y ARN viral), e (iii) infección aguda (anticuerpos IgM positivos y/o ARN viral detectable). Determinamos el genotipo del PR clasificando a los pacientes como homocigotos wild-type, heterocigotos y homocigotos PROGINS. En los pacientes con infección reciente, se recogieron los síntomas clínicos y alteraciones analíticas. En este estudio se incluyeron 311 pacientes infectados por el VIH. De éstos, 198 eran homocigotos para el genotipo wild-type (63,7%), 91 eran heterocigotos (29,3%) y 22 eran homocigotos PROGINS (7,1%). En nuestro estudio encontramos que el genotipo homocigótico PROGINS en mujeres se asoció con una menor seroprevalencia del VHE (100% vs. 0%; p < 0,001). Además, ninguno de los pacientes con una infección reciente por VHE con genotipo homocigoto para el gen PROGINS presentó síntomas (100% vs. 0%; p < 0,001). De este trabajo concluimos que la mutación PROGINS juega un papel protector frente a la infección por VHE y se asocia con la infección subclínica en pacientes infectados por el VIH, especialmente en mujeres. Objetivo 5: Evaluar los factores de riesgo asociados a la infección activa por el VHE en cerdos criados en diferentes sistemas de producción. En este estudio se evaluaron los factores de riesgo asociados con la infección por el VHE en el principal reservorio animal, los cerdos. La identificación de los factores de riesgo asociados con la infección por VHE en esta especie podría ayudar a determinar estrategias de contingencia para minimizar el riesgo de transmisión a los humanos. Se diseñó un estudio prospectivo en el que se incluyeron 1.040 cerdos procedentes de 26 explotaciones de la provincia de Córdoba. La variable desenlace del estudio fue carga viral detectable del VHE en sangre periférica. Se calculó la prevalencia de la infección por VHE en la población global del estudio, así como por diferentes características basales relacionadas con el animal, y variables higiénico sanitarias relacionadas con la explotación de origen. Los factores asociados con la infección por VHE se analizaron mediante análisis multivariante. Ciento setenta y dos cerdos presentaban infección por VHE, resultando una prevalencia del 16,5% (IC del 95%: 14,4% - 18,9%). Los factores asociados con una mayor prevalencia de la infección por VHE fueron: agricultura extensiva [23,9%; OR = 2.239 (1.036–4.837)], ausencia de vado sanitario [33,8%; OR = 3,597 (1,649–7,850)], no usar cuarentena en la reposición de los animales [20,8%; OR = 2.723 (1.450–5.112)], y contacto con otras especies domésticas simpátricas [24,5%; OR = 3,893 (1,453-10,431)]. Nuestro estudio identifica por primera vez el impacto negativo que la ausencia de ciertas medidas higiénico-sanitarias en las explotaciones porcinas en la tasa de infección por el VHE, por lo que su corrección podría reducir el riesgo de infección por VHE en los cerdos, y, por lo tanto, minimizar el riesgo de transmisión zoonótica. The main objective of this doctoral thesis project was to identify risk factors for hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection. Since HEV infection in our environment is zoonotic, the risk factors for infection should be assessed with a One Health approach, that is, by assessing risk factors in both the human and animal populations. To carry out the evaluation, a good diagnostic tool is essential to detect infected subjects, as is an optimized diagnostic algorithm to detect all infected patients. The first step of this doctoral thesis project was to develop and validate a molecular method for diagnosis of HEV infection with higher sensitivity and specificity than the molecular methods currently available. In the second step, the diagnostic algorithm for infection was optimized to minimize the number of false negative patients. The optimized diagnosis of HEV infection was then used to evaluate the risk factors for infection in human as well as animal populations. Five objectives were established, completion of which resulted in 5 scientific publications. These are summarized below: Objective 1: To develop and clinically validate a molecular method capable of detecting all genotypes and subtypes of Orthohepevirus A species. Due to the considerable subtype variability that HEV currently shows, no PCR screening method has been designed to detect the broad spectrum of genotypes exhibited by this viral species. Nevertheless, implementation of an accurate method for the detection of all currently described HEV genotypes, as well as detection of unidentified subtypes, is necessary for both human and animal public health and constitutes the basis of a One Health approach to HEV infection. The objective of our study therefore was to design a PCR-based pangenotypic assay for the detection and quantification of HEV RNA for the entire spectrum of genotypes described. Testing to determine the optimal conditions and performance of this method was performed using the World Health Organization (WHO) standard strain (6219/10) as well as the WHO reference panel of HEV genotypes (8578/13). Comparisons of the performance of our new method against two other commercial methods were also carried out, based on detection of HEV RNA at concentrations below 1,000 IU/ml of the WHO viral panel. Our method demonstrated higher sensitivity than the two commercial kits with which it was compared (100% sensitivity as against 71.4% [ampliCube 2.0.] and 80.9% [RealStar 2.0.]). Our method was then clinically validated against the commercial kits by testing 54 serum samples from patients with acute hepatitis and comparing sensitivity and specificity values. The PCR method presented in this study was able to detect the entire spectrum of described genotypes of Orthohepevirus A species and performed better than the two commercial kits. This procedure could therefore represent a significant improvement in the molecular diagnosis of HEV infection. Objective 2: To optimize the diagnostic algorithm for acute HEV infection by including serological and molecular determinations. For this objective, we conducted a prospective study including patients with suspected HEV infection, defined as individuals with acute hepatitis who tested negative for the serological and molecular markers of other hepatotropic viruses. All patients were assessed for HEV infection using IgM antibody and viral RNA tests. HEV infection was defined as positivity for either of these markers. One hundred and eighty-two patients were included, 68 (37.4%) of whom were diagnosed with HEV infection. Of these, 29 (42.6%) were positive for both IgM and HEV RNA, 25 (36.8%) were positive only for IgM antibodies, and 14 (20.6%) only for HEV RNA. Focusing on those patients who were positive only for IgM antibodies, 54 out of 68 cases (79.4%) were identified, and the percentage of false negative patients was 20.6%. In conclusion, in patients with acute hepatitis, the diagnostic algorithm should include the determination of both IgM antibodies and viral RNA in serum, since single sampling for IgM antibody determination led to a substantial proportion of false negative patients. Objective 3: To evaluate whether HIV-infected patients constitute a risk factor for HEV infection. It has not been established whether patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are more susceptible to HEV infection than those who are not HIV-infected. Accordingly, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis including studies assessing HEV prevalence in the HIV-infected population compared with uninfected individuals. The analysis included studies comparing patients living with HIV and HIVnegative individuals, matched by age, gender and geographical area. We found that patients infected with HIV do not show a greater risk for HEV infection, obtaining an odds ratio (OR) of 0.87 (95% CI: 0.74-1.03) in the fixed effects meta-analysis, and 0.88 (95% CI: 0.70-1.11) in random effects (I2= 47%). Based on the study findings, we concluded that there are no arguments to recommend that HIV-infected patients should adopt extra preventive measures relative to those recommended for the general population. Objective 4: To evaluate the influence of the PROGINS gene on susceptibility and clinical course of HEV infection. We designed a prospective study that included three groups of patients categorized according to serological and molecular pattern of HEV: (i) never infected (negative for IgG and IgM antibodies and negative for HEV RNA); (ii) past infection (positive for IgG antibodies and negative for IgM and viral RNA), and (iii) acute infection (positive IgM antibodies and/or detectable viral RNA). PR genotype was determined, and patients were classified as homozygous wild type, heterozygous, or homozygous PROGINS. The clinical symptoms and analytical alterations in patients with recent infection were collected. This study included 311 HIV-infected patients: 198 had the homozygous wild-type genotype (63.7%), 91 were heterozygous (29.3%), and 22 were homozygous PROGINS (7.1%). Our study found that in women the homozygous PROGINS gene was associated with a lower seroprevalence of HEV. Furthermore, none of the patients with recent HEV infection who were homozygous for PROGINS showed symptoms (100% vs. 0%; p < 0.001). We concluded from this study that the PROGINS mutation has a protective role against HEV infection and is associated with subclinical infection in HEV-infected patients, especially women. Objective 5: To assess the risk factors associated with active HEV infection in pigs reared in different production systems. This study evaluated the risk factors associated with HEV infection in the main animal reservoir, pigs. Identification of risk factors associated with HEV infection in this species could help to establish contingency strategies to minimize the risk of transmission to humans. A prospective study was designed that included 1,040 pigs from 26 farms in the province of Cordoba. The outcome variable was detectable HEV viral load in peripheral blood. The prevalence of HEV was calculated for the overall study population, and for different baseline characteristics of the animals and hygiene and sanitation variables linked to the farm of origin. Factors associated with HEV infection were analyzed by multivariate analysis. One hundred and seventy-two pigs were infected with HEV, giving a prevalence of 16.5% (95% CI: 14.4% -18.9%). Factors associated with higher prevalence of HEV infection were extensive farming [23.9%; OR = 2.239 (1.036-4. 837)], absence of a disinfection ford [33.8%; OR = 3.597 (1.649-7.850)], not applying quarantine for replacement stock [20.8%; OR = 2.723 (1.450-5.112)] and contact with other sympatric domestic species [24.5%; OR = 3.893 (1.453-10.431)]. Our study identifies for the first time the negative impact that the absence of certain hygiene / sanitation measures on pig farms has on the rate of HEV infection. Correcting these could reduce the risk of HEV infection in pigs and consequently minimize the risk of zoonotic transmission.
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- 2022
37. Educación para la ciudadanía y biblioteca escolar. Una colaboración necesaria
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Vellosillo González, Inmaculada and López López, Pedro
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A. Theoretical and general aspects of libraries and information. - Abstract
The article includes a reflection on the need for education for citizenship, the damage of the neoliberal model in education, the concept of citizenship education and how the school library can contribute to it.
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- 2009
38. Biblioteca y ética ciudadana
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López López, Pedro
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AZ. None of these, but in this section. - Abstract
The article includes a reflection on the current scene that unfolds in the library with the agreements of the World Trade Organization that have or may have an impact on library services. To address this scenario must be taken as references to documents that the library assigned an important role in promoting democratic values and citizen participation.
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- 2009
39. El mito de la neutralidad en Biblioteconomía y Documentación
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López López, Pedro
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AZ. None of these, but in this section. - Abstract
Reflection on the dominant discourse in some professional and social areas, from which preaches the end of ideology and commitment to values such as neutrality and apolitical. Such discourse seeks to defuse the social commitment of professionals and, in fact, the analysis reveals that their ideological premises spread from neutral and not political content.
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- 2009
40. Compromiso cívico y formación inicial en Biblioteconomía y Documentación
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López López, Pedro, Josefina, Vílchez Pardo, and Concepción, García Caro
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GG. Curricula aspects. - Abstract
It stresses the importance of civic education in Library and Information Studies to provide a socially responsible future professional practice. This dimension is covered in numerous international documents, but is often ignored in the curriculum. The European Higher Education Area, exclusively oriented towards market needs and not towards the integral formation of university premium business-oriented training on a training that emphasizes the social role of information units as guarantors of fundamental rights of access to information and culture
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- 2009
41. Inclusión digital: un nuevo derecho humano
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López López, Pedro and Samek, Toni
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BZ. None of these, but in this section. ,L. Information technology and library technology - Abstract
The article reviews the classification of human rights considering the inclusion as a human right, including the rights resulting from new information technologies and communication.
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- 2009
42. La formación ciudadana en Biblioteconomía y Documentación: España y el Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior
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López López, Pedro, Javier, Gimeno Perelló, Pedro, López López, and Mª Jesús, Morillo Calero
- Subjects
GH. Education. - Abstract
Need to include citizenship training in Library and Information Science, based on various recommendations of organizations such as UNESCO and IFLA.
- Published
- 2007
43. Epidemiological survey and risk factors associated with hepatitis E virus in small ruminants in southern Spain
- Author
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Caballero‐Gómez, Javier, primary, García‐Bocanegra, Ignacio, additional, Jiménez‐Martín, Débora, additional, Cano‐Terriza, David, additional, Risalde, María A., additional, López‐López, Pedro, additional, Jiménez‐Ruiz, Saúl, additional, Rivero, Antonio, additional, and Rivero‐Juarez, Antonio, additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Seroreversion of IgG anti‐HEV in HIV cirrhotic patients: A long‐term multi‐sampling longitudinal study
- Author
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López‐López, Pedro, primary, Frias, Mario, additional, Camacho, Angela, additional, Machuca, Isabel, additional, Caballero‐Gómez, Javier, additional, Risalde, María A., additional, García‐Bocanegra, Ignacio, additional, Pérez‐Valero, Ignacio, additional, Gomez‐Villamandos, Jose C., additional, Rivero‐Juárez, Antonio, additional, and Rivero, Antonio, additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. The spatial pattern of human exposure to Crimean–Congo haemorrhagic fever virus is not consistent with red deer‐based risk predictions
- Author
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Frías, Mario, primary, Cuadrado‐Matías, Raúl, additional, del Castillo Jarilla‐Fernández, María, additional, López‐López, Pedro, additional, Casades‐Martí, Laia, additional, Madrigal, Elena, additional, Rivero, Antonio, additional, Rivero‐Juárez, Antonio, additional, and Ruiz‐Fons, Francisco, additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Serological and molecular survey of hepatitis E virus in cats and dogs in Spain
- Author
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Caballero‐Gómez, Javier, primary, Rivero‐Juarez, Antonio, additional, Jurado‐Tarifa, Estefanía, additional, Jiménez‐Martín, Débora, additional, Jiménez‐Ruiz, Elena, additional, Castro‐Scholten, Sabrina, additional, Ulrich, Rainer G., additional, López‐López, Pedro, additional, Rivero, Antonio, additional, and García‐Bocanegra, Ignacio, additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Limited value of single sampling for IgM antibody determination as a diagnostic approach for acute hepatitis E virus infection
- Author
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Rivero-Juárez, Antonio, López-López, Pedro, Pineda Vergara, Juan Antonio, Alados, Juan Carlos, Fuentes-López, Ana, Ramírez-Arellano, Encarnación, Freyre Carrillo, Carolina, Rivero, Antonio, and Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Medicina
- Subjects
PCR ,IgM ,Diagnosis ,Hepatitis E virus ,ELISA ,Acute hepatitis ,Diagnostics - Abstract
The objective was to evaluate the accuracy of a single determination of IgM antibodies for hepatitis E virus (HEV) diagnosis in patients with acute hepatitis. A prospec tive study included patients with suspicion of HEV infection, defined as individuals with acute hepatitis showing negative results for serological and molecular markers of other hep atitis viruses. All patients were evaluated for hepatitis E virus infection, including both IgM antibodies and viral RNA determinations. Hepatitis E virus infection was defined as positivity for any of these markers. A total of 182 patients were included in the study, of whom 68 (37.4%) were diagnosed with HEV infection. Of these, 29 (42.6%) were positive for both IgM and HEV RNA, 25 (36.8%) were positive only for IgM antibodies, and 14 (20.6%) were posi tive only for HEV RNA. Considering only those individuals who were positive for IgM anti bodies, 54 of the 68 total cases (79.4%) could be identified, showing a percentage of false negative individuals of 20.6%. The diagnostic algorithm of hepatitis E virus infection in patients with acute hepatitis should include the determination of both IgM antibodies and HEV RNA because single sampling for IgM antibody determination led to an important pro portion of misdiagnosed cases.
- Published
- 2021
48. Diarrhoea‐causing enteric protist species in intensively and extensively raised pigs ( Sus scrofa domesticus ) in Southern Spain. Part I: Prevalence and genetic diversity
- Author
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Dashti, Alejandro, primary, Rivero‐Juárez, Antonio, additional, Santín, Mónica, additional, George, Nadja S., additional, Köster, Pamela C., additional, López‐López, Pedro, additional, Risalde, María A, additional, García‐Bocanegra, Ignacio, additional, Gómez‐Villamandos, Jose Carlos, additional, Caballero‐Gómez, Javier, additional, Frías, Mario, additional, Bailo, Begoña, additional, Ortega, Sheila, additional, Muadica, Aly Salimo, additional, Calero‐Bernal, Rafael, additional, González‐Barrio, David, additional, Rivero, Antonio, additional, Briz, Verónica, additional, and Carmena, David, additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Los archivos : garantes de derechos y de protección de la memoria histórica
- Author
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López López, Pedro
- Subjects
HC. Archival materials. - Abstract
This text is about the role of archives in relation to historical memory and to the rights recognized by international law (right to truth, justice and reparations) for the victims of serious human rights violations as well as obstacles blocking access to information within the archives (willful destruction, document classification, data falsification, discretionary access authorization)
- Published
- 2014
50. Derechos de información, medios de comunicación y democracia
- Author
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López López, Pedro
- Subjects
BB. Bibliometric methods - Abstract
This article deals with the importance for democracy of information rights. The role played by mass-media communications, fundamental to the aforesaid rights, is likewise is likewise studied.
- Published
- 2001
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