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In recent years, the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and China's commitment to achieving carbon neutrality by 2060 have significantly increased interest in green building practices. Educational building renovations aim to promote sustainability not only by conserving energy and reducing carbon emissions but also by enhancing the quality of education and advancing environmental awareness. Despite these multifaceted benefits, the success of such projects depends heavily on the selection of appropriate retrofit strategies and the establishment of effective operational mechanisms—factors that have been underexplored in the context of educational building renovations. Prior research has primarily centered on energy-saving strategies for educational buildings and green renovation strategies for residential and commercial buildings, often overlooking the broader sustainability outcomes. This study seeks to fill this gap by examining representative educational building renovation projects in China, identifying the key factors that influence the sustainability of these projects, and proposing a new theoretical framework. Using fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA), we analyzed 30 campus renovation projects completed over the past two decades and identified three distinct pathways to achieving sustainable educational building renovations，each with its own unique characteristics. Our findings underscore the need to consider mechanisms, user willingness, and other factors beyond energy efficiency when developing green renovation strategies. This research offers valuable insights for stakeholders involved in campus renovation projects，helping guide them towards sustainable practices that not only improve the educational environment but also promote environmental education.

Tong Hao,1,2,* Jin Zhou,2,* Shuanghong Lü,3,* Boguang Yang,2,4 Yan Wang,2 Wancai Fang,2,4 Xiaoxia Jiang,2 Qiuxia Lin,2 Junjie Li,2 Changyong Wang1,21School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 2Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 3Laboratory of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 4Department of Polymer Science, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workAbstract: Zero-dimensional fullerenes can modulate the biological behavior of a variety of cell lines. However, the effects and molecular mechanisms of proliferation and cardiomyogenic differentiation in brown adipose-derived stem cells (BADSCs) are still unclear. In this study, we report the initial biological effects of fullerene-C60 on BADSCs at different concentrations. Results suggest that fullerene-C60 has no cytotoxic effects on BADSCs even at a concentration of 100 µg/mL. Fullerene-C60 improves the MAPK expression level and stem cell survival, proliferation, and cardiomyogenesis. Further, we found that the fullerene-C60 modulates cardiomyogenic differentiation. Fullerene-C60 improves the expression of cardiomyocyte-specific proteins (cTnT and α-sarcomeric actinin). At elevated concentration, fullerene-C60 reduces the incidence of diminished spontaneous cardiac differentiation of BADSCs with time. At the genetic level, fullerene-C60 (5 µg/mL) also improves the expression of cTnT. In addition, fullerene-C60 promotes the formation of gap junction among cells. These findings have important implications for clinical application of fullerenes in the treatment of myocardial infarction.Keywords: C60, BADSCs, molecular mechanisms, myocardium

Abstract The electrode-electrolyte interface is pivotal in the electrochemical kinetics. However, modulating the electrochemical interface at the atomic or molecular level is challenging due to the lack of efficient interfacial regulators. Here, we employ a porous amine cage as an interfacial modifier to Pt cluster in a confining configuration, largely enhancing alkaline HER kinetics by facilitating charge transfer. In situ electrochemical surface-enhanced Raman spectra, in combination with the ab initio molecular dynamics simulation, elucidates that the interaction between water and the -NH- moiety of cage frame softens the H-bonds net of interfacial water, making it more flexible for charge transfer. Moreover, our investigation pinpointed that the -NH- moiety acted as a pump for charge transfer by Grotthuss mechanism, lowering the kinetic barrier for hydrogen adsorption. Our findings highlight the strategy of establishing a soft-confining interfacial modifier by porous cage, offering opportunities to optimize electrochemical interfaces and promote reaction kinetics in a targeted way.

AIM: To investigate the alterations in corneal aberration and relative refractive power following the reduction of back optic zone diameters(BOZD)of orthokeratology lenses.METHODS: Myopic children aged 8-12 years, deemed suitable and willing to wear orthokeratology lenses, were randomly allocated to wear lenses with a 6.0 mm BOZD or a 5.0 mm BOZD. Data collection included changes in higher-order aberrations, relative refractive power and the treatment zone diameter of the two groups after wearing lenses for 1 d, 1 wk, 1, and 3 mo. The correlation of increase in corneal higher-order aberrations with refractive power was analyzed.RESULTS: The increases in total higher-order aberrations, spherical aberrations and coma aberrations varied over time following lens wear(all P0.05). A significant difference was observed in the increment of spherical aberrations in the 5 mm range between the two groups of patients, which varied over time(Ftime=40.179, Ptime

With the development of new electric power systems, various emerging businesses are growing rapidly, which puts higher demands on the service granularity, bandwidth, latency, and reliability of communication transmission networks. Compared to traditional synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) and optical transport network (OTN) technologies, fine grain optical transport network (fgOTN) technology is more suitable for the current development needs of new electric power systems. Based on this background, the standard evolution of fgOTN was described, the technical principles of fgOTN were elaborated, the application advantages of fgOTN were introduced. Finally, the adaptability of fgOTN to power system services was discussed and experimentally tested, and the test results were analyzed. The research aims to provide data references and insights for the future promotion and application of fgOTN in the electric power system.

Abstract Objectives Emerging data have shown that local treatment could provide clinical benefit for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with oligometastasis. Liver metastases have the worst prognosis in advanced NSCLC, but the genomic characteristics of liver oligometastasis remain unclear. The aim of our study was to elucidate the molecular features of liver oligometastatic NSCLC. Methods Paired liver metastatic tissue samples and peripheral blood from 32 liver oligometastatic NSCLC patients were concurrently collected for comprehensive genomic analysis using next-generation sequencing. Results A total of 206 mutated genes in 32 patients were detected, with a median of 4 mutations per sample. The most frequent alterations (> 10%) in liver oligometastasis were TP53 (72%), EGFR (50%), RB1 (19%) and SMARCA4 (12%). The co-occurrence rate of TP53 and RB1 in our cohort was significantly higher than that in the TCGA-LUAD cohort. Age, APOBEC, homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) and deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) established the mutational signature of liver oligometastatic NSCLC. The median tumor mutation burden (TMB) was 4.8 mutations/Mb. A total of 78.12% patients harbored at least one potentially actionable molecular alteration that may guide further targeted therapy according to the OncoKB evidence. Conclusions Our study comprehensively delineated the genomic characteristics of liver oligometastatic NSCLC - such findings were helpful to better understand the distinct clinic-biological features of oligometastasis and optimize personalized treatment of this population.

Abstract Integrating the Internet of Things (IoT) in smart grids has revolutionized the energy sector, enabling real-time data collection and efficient energy distribution. However, this integration also introduces significant security challenges, particularly data encryption. Traditional encryption algorithms used in IoT are vulnerable to various attacks, and the advent of quantum computing exacerbates these vulnerabilities. To address the above challenges, this paper proposes a novel encryption mechanism, the Quantum-Resistant Hybrid Encryption for IoT (QRHE-IoT), designed to enhance the security of communications in IoT-enabled smart grids. QRHE-IoT combines the strengths of symmetric and asymmetric encryption algorithms and incorporates quantum-resistant algorithms to provide robust security. This paper explains the QRHE-IoT mechanism, its theoretical basis, and how it addresses the security challenges in smart grid communications. It also presents the results of tests conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of QRHE-IoT in a simulated smart grid environment. The proposed QRHE-IoT mechanism presents a promising solution to these challenges, offering robust security for smart grid communications in the face of emerging threats, including quantum computing.

［Objective］ To reduce the impact of elevated lines in urban rapid rail transit on environmental noise, multiple noise-reduction measures such as near-track sound barriers and ballast bed sound-absorbing panels are adopted. On-site measurements and analyses should combine with on-site operating conditions to verify the effectiveness of trackside noise reduction measures in reducing environmental noise. ［Method］ In the case study of the already operating Line S1 of Wenzhou Urban Rapid Rail Transit, the environmental noise in the viaduct section of this line is measured on site. The noise reduction effects of near-track sound barriers and ballast bed sound-absorbing panels for the environmental noise under different train running speeds are compared and analyzed, and the influence characteristics of different noise reduction measures on the viaduct section noise are explored. ［Result & Conclusion］ The near-track sound barrier reduces the maximum instantaneous A-weighted time-domain sound pressure level (hereinafter abbreviated as “A-weighted level”) on the viaduct inner and outer sides by approximately 20 to 21 dB(A). At the position 7.5 meters away from the track center line and 7.5 meters above the rail surface, the A-weighted level in the 500 Hz and 800-1 000 Hz frequency bands are respectively reduced by 6 to 11 dB(A) and 17 to 21 dB(A). The ballast bed sound-absorbing panels can further reduce the trackside noise on and outside the viaduct. Compared with the working conditions where only the near-track sound barriers are installed, when using the sound-absorbing panels, the maximum instantaneous A-weighted level on the viaduct is further reduced by 14 to 17 dB(A) with the same train running speed, and the A-weighted level is reduced by 7 to 8 dB(A) and 5 to 7 dB(A) respectively for the noise in the 500 Hz and 800 - 1 000 Hz frequency bands at the same measuring point outside the viaduct.

Abstract Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) is a subtype of non-small cell lung cancer. It has a grim prognosis for patients, primarily because the disease often remains asymptomatic in its early stages. As a result, it is frequently diagnosed at an advanced stage, limiting treatment options. This underscores the importance of studying potential biomarkers and developing personalized treatment strategies. In this study, we used an advanced bioinformatics approach, integrating two authoritative databases, NCBI's GEO and TCGA, to perform a large-scale cross-platform gene expression analysis. To deeply mine the gene expression data of a large number of lung squamous carcinoma samples, we used a screening strategy based on median absolute deviation to select genes that differed significantly in multiple datasets. The expression variations of these genes between normal and cancerous tissues provided us with valuable clues revealing key molecules that may be involved in the disease process. Through rigorous statistical tests, we identified 36 genes that were significantly associated with patient survival, and further constructed a model using Cox proportional risk model containing 11 key genes (MRPL40, GABPB1AS1, PTPN3, SNCA, PYGB, RAP1, VDR, PHPT1, KIAA0100, TBC1D30, CYP7B1) in a risk prediction model. The prediction model not only reflects the strong correlation between gene expression and LUSC prognosis, but also provides clinicians with an effective tool to predict patients' survival prospects. In the future, this model is expected to guide the development of individualized treatment plans, thereby improving the quality of life and overall prognosis of patients.

FeSiBCrC amorphous alloy powders with different particle sizes were prepared by a new industrial gas-water atomization, and the effects of particle size and annealing temperature on the properties of the FeSiBCrC amorphous magnetic cores were investigated in this paper. The results show that the FeSiBCrC alloy powders with the median particle size (D50) ≤25 μm are all amorphous, and the width of the supercooled liquid phase region (ΔT) can reach 40 ℃, indicating the strong amorphous formation ability of the FeSiBCrC alloy powders. The saturation magnetization (Ms) and coercivity (Hc) of the amorphous powders increase with the increase of particle size. D50=5 μm, Ms=144.6 emu∙g‒1, and Hc=1.8 Oe; however, D50=30 μm, Ms=152.6 emu∙g‒1, and Hc=9.8 Oe. The permeability (μe) of the amorphous magnetic cores with different particle sizes has the good stability in the frequency range of 0.1~600.0 kHz, and the permeability of fine powders show better than that of the coarse powders. The magnetic loss (Pc) of all amorphous magnetic cores increases with the increase of frequency. The finer the particle size, the more obvious the effect of annealing on reducing the magnetic loss, which is decreased by about 84% at D50=5 μm, while is only decreased by about 30% at D50=30 μm. After annealing at 500 ℃, the magnetic loss of amorphous magnetic cores at D50=5 μm reaches the minimum as 578 mW∙cm‒3.

Sinian Li,1,* Jin Wang,1,* Hong Yu,2 Hua Huang,3 Shui Hua Lu,1 Xiaomin Wang,4 Mutong Fang1 1Pulmonary Diseases Department, The Third People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China; 2Pathology Department, The Third People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China; 3Imaging Department, The Third People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China; 4National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518112, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Mutong Fang; Xiaomin Wang, Email 1049179464@qq.com; WXM_ZMU@163.comBackground: Tuberculosis (TB) among women and infants during the perinatal period is not rare, particularly in countries with a high TB burden. And the risk would increase significantly following in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVFET). Worse still, TB in this stage is apt to develop into severe forms in women and neonates, such as disseminated TB or tuberculous meningitis (TBM). On the other hand, severe adverse effects (SAEs) of anti-tuberculosis (ATB) agents in neonates were common but difficult to diagnose early and manage well.Case Presentation: A 29-year-old mother receiving IVFET and her 3-month-old infant were diagnosed with disseminated tuberculosis and cranial tuberculoma on Dec 29, 2024, based on typical imaging features and bacteriological evidence. Intrauterine transmission of an isoniazid-resistant strain was confirmed through whole-genome sequencing (WGS) analysis and epidemiological investigation. ATB therapy and adjuvant treatment were initiated as soon as the confirmation of TB. Favorable therapeutic effects were achieved for them, and their condition stayed well until the last visit on Nov 19, 2024. However, the infant’s ATB therapy had to be adjusted several times because of severe drug-induced liver injury (DILI) and lactic acidosis caused by ATB drugs during the treatment. In the end, he also obtained satisfactory outcomes.Conclusion: Clinicians should stay alert for TB in pregnant women who underwent IVFET as well as their neonates. Our case report may improve clinicians’ awareness and ability to manage severe TB during the perinatal period.Keywords: cranial tuberculomas, isoniazid-resistant, IVFET, genital TB, congenital TB, WGS analysis

The accessibility and quality of ambulatory care (including outpatient and emergency services in primary care facilities, hospitals and other healthcare facilities) determine the efficiency of overall health care system and population health. Ambulatory care is also the core component of continuing care in an aging society. The concept of ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSCs) was firstly introduced by American researchers in 1990s. Since then, hospitalization for ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSHs) was widely used to evaluate the accessibility and quality of ambulatory care. In recent years, research on ACSH has gradually attracted the attention of scholars from all over the world, and preliminary research evidence from China indicated that the issue should not be ignored. This paper firstly introduces the origin of the concept of ACSH, then identifies the mixing concepts such as ACSH, avoidable hospitalization and inappropriate hospital admission, systematically summarizes the cutting-edge international identification criteria of ACSH, and finally discusses the policy value of ACSH as an indicator in the context of domestic and international research advances, clarifies the problems that should be noted in the identification of ACSCs in China, proposes strategies to reduce ACSH.

ObjectiveTo analyze the individual monitoring results of the radiation workers in Shanghai’s Jing’an District from 2017 to 2023, to assess the occupational protection status as well as to offer scientific references for enhancing occupational health and radiation safety, and to provide support for health education initiatives targeting radiation workers.MethodsRadiation workers from several medical institutions in Jing’an District from 2017 to 2023 were selected as the subjects for this study. The individual dose of occupational external radiation exposure was monitored by using thermoluminescence dosimeters. Continuous data of seven years were statistically analyzed using SPSS 20.0.ResultsFrom 2017 to 2023, the annual collective effective dose for radiation workers in Jing’an District was 329.53 person·mSv, with an average individual annual effective dose of 0.17 mSv, and the median individual annual effective dose was 0.12 mSv. There were statistically significant differences in the individual annual effective doses across different years (H=277.131, P

The Ground Cover Rice Production System (GCRPS) has considerable potential for securing rice production in hilly areas. However, its impact on yields and nitrogen (N) fates remains uncertain under varying rainfall conditions. A two-year field experiment (2021–2022) was conducted in Ziyang, Sichuan Province, located in the hilly areas of Southwest China. The experiment included two cultivation methods: conventional flooding paddy (Paddy, W1) and GCRPS (W2). These methods were combined with three N management practices: N1 (no-N fertilizer), N2 (135 kg/hm2 urea as a base fertilizer in both W1 and W2), and N3 (135 kg/hm2 urea with split application for W1 and 67.5 kg/hm2 urea and chicken manure separately for W2). The WHCNS (Soil Water Heat Carbon Nitrogen Simulator) model was calibrated and validated to simulate ponding water depth, soil water storage, soil mineral N content, leaf area index, aboveground dry matter, crop N uptake, and rice yield. Subsequently, this model was used to simulate the responses of rice yield and N fates to GCRPS under different types of precipitation years using meteorological data from 1980 to 2018. The results indicated that the WHCNS model performed well in simulating crop growth and N fates for both Paddy and GCRPS. Compared with Paddy, GCRPS reduced N leaching (35.1%–54.9%), ammonia volatilization (0.7%–13.6%), N runoff (71.1%–83.5%), denitrification (3.8%–6.7%), and total N loss (33.8%–56.9%) for all precipitation year types. However, GCRPS reduced crop N uptake and yield during wet years, while increasing crop N uptake and yield during dry and normal years. Fertilizer application reduced the stability and sustainability of rice yield in wet years, but increased the stability and sustainability of rice yield in dry and normal years. In conclusion, GCRPS is more suitable for normal and dry years in the study region, leading to increased rice yield and reduced N loss.

By virtue of the abundant oxygen-functional groups, ultra-high specific surface area and superior mechanical properties, graphene oxide (GO) has been proven as one of the outstanding candidates in cement composites. Compared with the traditional cement pastes, the GO-reinforced cement composites exhibit benefits in pore structure, mechanical properties, and durability. In addition, the abundant oxygen-containing functional groups on GO can promote the hydration rate of cement and combine with hydration products to fill the pores. To further improve the performance of GO-reinforced cement composites and promote the application of composites in practical engineering, it is necessary to comprehensively understand the reinforcing mechanisms of GO on cement composites. In this work, the enhancement mechanisms of GO to improve hydration, nucleation effects, mechanical strengthening mechanisms, antiseepage mechanisms and pore-filling effects of GO are systematically revealed. The optimal dosage range of GO mixing in the current study is calculated by considering the factors of mechanical property and microscopic characterization, but the economic cost also needs to be considered in future development studies. This review will promote the application of the more cost-effective and high-performance GO-reinforced cement composites in practical construction engineering.

To address the difficulty in convergence encountered in power flow calculations of integrated electricity-gas energy systems using the traditional Newton-Raphson method for state evaluation and safety checks， this paper proposes a power flow calculation method based on an improved continuous Newton method. This approach transforms the nonlinear power flow model of the integrated electricity-gas energy systems into an ordinary differential equation model. By employing the trapezoidal integration method for large-step implicit integration， numerical stability is ensured. Additionally， the improved Euler method is used for small-step explicit integration to estimate iteration errors， with Richardson extrapolation correcting the iteration results and adaptively updating the iteration step size. Simulation tests on integrated electricity-gas energy systems demonstrate that the proposed method exhibits superior robustness compared to traditional methods in scenarios with ill-conditioned initial power flow values， and can serve as a tool for verifying power flow results when traditional methods fail to converge.

Abstract Patch features obtained by fixed convolution kernel have become the main form in hyperspectral image (HSI) classification processing. However, the fixed convolution kernel limits the weight learning of channels, which results in the potential connections between pixels not being captured in patches, and seriously affects the classification performance. To tackle the above issues, we propose a novel Adaptive Pixel Attention Network, which can improve HSI classification by further mining the connections between pixels in patch features. Specifically, a Spectral–Spatial Superposition Enhancement module is first proposed for enhancing the spectral–spatial information of 3D input cubes via complementing the 1D spectral vectors by zero and reflection filling operations. More importantly, we also propose a new Adaptive Pixel Attention mechanism, which explores Cosine and Euclidean similarity to adaptively explore the distance and angle relationship between pixels of different scale convolution patch features. Moreover, the Cross-Layer Information Complement module is designed to form a contextual interaction by integrating the output features of different convolution layers, which can prevent the omission of discriminative information and further improve the network performance. Experimental results on four widely used HSI datasets IP, UP, HU, and KSC show that the proposed network is superior to other state-of-the-art classification models in accuracy, and it also has a better efficiency than other 3D works.

Abstract Ruijin, the birthplace of China’s first red regime, has always been the core of the central revolutionary base. Integrating the design of cultural heritage sites with universal signage systems is an effective way to protect and pass on red cultural heritage while promoting the continued dissemination of the national image. In heritage site tourism, the signage system is crucial in guiding, indicating, and explaining, serving as a critical component of essential public infrastructure. Given Ruijin’s rich and historic red cultural resources, the design of the signage system must consider the diverse needs of visitors from different nationalities, cultural backgrounds, and age groups. This study adopts a universal design perspective, using the red cultural heritage of the Ruijin Soviet period as a case study. It constructs universal metadata from three key aspects: Cultural Type, Data Attribute, and Data Type. These elements are then visually represented through digital technology. The study also incorporates theoretical support from semiotics, Gestalt psychology, cognitive psychology, and semantics. Through surveys, in-depth interviews, and a “structure-humanity” composite evaluation method, we thoroughly explores the relationships between perception, comprehensibility, visual cognition, and the design of universal signage systems. Additionally, the study analyzes the key factors affecting the universality of the signage system. The results indicate that visual cognition positively impacts the design of universal signage systems. Key factors influencing the universality of signage systems include symbolic element modeling, the familiarity of graphics, the semantic distance of graphics, and the rationality of graphic usage. These findings offer a strategy for creating a universal signage system guided by the heritage routes and based on the dimensions of perception, comprehensibility, and visual cognition. It provides new methods and perspectives for cultural education and heritage preservation in Ruijin and other red cultural heritage sites.

Abstract Background Performing spinal anesthesia in elderly patients with spine degeneration is challenging for novice practitioners. This stratified randomized controlled trial aims to compare the effectiveness of mixed reality-assisted spinal puncture (MRasp) with that of landmark-guided spinal puncture (LGsp) performed by novice practitioners in elderly patients. Methods This prospective, single-center, stratified, blocked, parallel randomized controlled trial will include 168 patients (aged ≥ 65 years) scheduled for elective surgery involving spinal anesthesia. All spinal punctures will be performed by anesthesiology interns and residents trained at Huadong Hospital. Patients will be randomly assigned to the MRasp group (n = 84) or the LGsp group (n = 84). Based on each intern/resident’s experience in spinal puncture, participants will be stratified into three clusters: the primary group, intermediate group, and advanced group. The primary outcome will be the comparison of the rate of successful first-attempt needle insertion between the MRasp group and the LGsp group. Secondary outcomes will include the number of needle insertion attempts, the number of redirection attempts, the number of passes, the rate of successful first needle pass, the spinal puncture time, the total procedure time, and the incidence of perioperative complications. A stratified subgroup analysis will also be conducted for interns/residents at different experience levels. Discussion The findings from this trial establish the effectiveness of MRasp by novice practitioners in elderly patients. This trial may provide experimental evidence for exploring an effective visualization technology to assist in spinal puncture. Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trials Registry ChiCTR2300075291. Registered on August 31, 2023. https://www.chictr.org.cn/bin/project/edit?pid=189622 .

Abstract Plant evolution is driven by key innovations of functional traits that enables their survivals in diverse ecological environments. However, plant adaptive evolution from land to atmospheric niches remains poorly understood. In this study, we use the epiphytic Tillandsioideae subfamily of Bromeliaceae as model plants to explore their origin, evolution and diversification. We provide a comprehensive phylogenetic tree based on nuclear transcriptomic sequences, indicating that core tillandsioids originated approximately 11.3 million years ago in the Andes. The geological uplift of the Andes drives the divergence of tillandsioids into tank-forming and atmospheric types. Our genomic and transcriptomic analyses reveal gene variations and losses associated with adaptive traits such as impounding tanks and absorptive trichomes. Furthermore, we uncover specific nitrogen-fixing bacterial communities in the phyllosphere of tillandsioids as potential source of nitrogen acquisition. Collectively, our study provides integrative multi-omics insights into the adaptive evolution of tillandsioids in response to elevated aerial habitats.

Aquatic ecosystems can harbour more than one non-native fish species and this can represent a threat due to trophic interactions with native fishes. However, research on interactions amongst multiple co-occurring native and non-native fish remains scarce. In this study, 551 organisms from 44 native fish, 11 non-native fish, 35 macroinvertebrates (of which one was non-native), together with 162 samples of basal resources were collected from six rivers of the Lower Pearl River Basin of China. Nitrogen and carbon stable isotope analysis was used to calculate community-wide trophic metrics and the degree of trophic overlap between native and non-native fish at both the community and functional feeding group level, together with diet composition. At the community level, there was a high degree of trophic niche overlap between native and non-native fish as a result of similarities in trophic characteristics. At the functional feeding group level, both native and non-native functional feeding groups demonstrated the capacity to occupy the niche space of each other. A significant trophic niche overlap, exceeding 50%, was found between non-native detritivorous and omnivorous fish, suggesting competition. The difference in diet composition between some native and non-native fish depended on the category of diet source across the rivers, suggesting dietary segregation. Albeit limited, the present findings suggest that trophic interaction between native and non-native fish is likely to reach a dynamic equilibrium status in the community owing to trophic segregation of fish species and the antagonistic effects amongst non-native fish.

With the extensive use of petroleum and petroleum products, petroleum hydrocarbon pollution in groundwater becomes serious. In-situ permeable reactive wall(PRB) is an important means to remediate groundwater pollution. Based on the PRB simulation column experiments, biochar-immobilized petroleum hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria as the PRB reaction medium were used to explore the optimum groundwater flow rate, and the performance of the microbial PRB reaction medium was investigated. The results showed that the optimal groundwater flow rate of the microbial PRB was 6 mL/min, and the removal rates of petroleum hydrocarbons in the simulated wastewater and the polluted groundwater were 88.41% and 69.72% after 30 days, respectively. With the running of reaction, the pH of the effluent did not change significantly, while the redox potential and content of dissolved oxygen decreased. The performance evaluation of microbial PRB reaction medium during the reaction showed that the PRB reaction medium had effective degradation on straight-chain alkanes (C10-C25). The desorption of petroleum hydrocarbons precipitate from the immobilized bacteria was relatively rapid, with a desorption amount of 53.66 mg/g.

Abstract Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by massive neuronal loss in the brain. Both cortical glutamatergic neurons and basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCNs) in the AD brain are selectively vulnerable. The degeneration and dysfunction of these two subtypes of neurons are closely associated with the cognitive decline of AD patients. The determination of cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in AD pathogenesis, especially in the early stage, will largely facilitate the understanding of this disease and the development of proper intervention strategies. However, due to the inaccessibility of living neurons in the brains of patients, it remains unclear how cortical glutamatergic neurons and BFCNs respond to pathological stress in the early stage of AD. In this study, we established in vitro differentiation systems that can efficiently differentiate patient-derived iPSCs into BFCNs. We found that AD-BFCNs secreted less Aβ peptide than cortical glutamatergic neurons did, even though the Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio was comparable to that of cortical glutamatergic neurons. To further mimic the neurotoxic niche in AD brain, we treated iPSC-derived neurons with Aβ42 oligomer (AβO). BFCNs are less sensitive to AβO induced tau phosphorylation and expression than cortical glutamatergic neurons. However, AβO could trigger apoptosis in both AD-cortical glutamatergic neurons and AD-BFCNs. In addition, AD iPSC-derived BFCNs and cortical glutamatergic neurons exhibited distinct electrophysiological firing patterns and elicited different responses to AβO treatment. These observations revealed that subtype-specific neurons display distinct neuropathological changes during the progression of AD, which might help to understand AD pathogenesis at the cellular level.

Abstract A nomogram to estimate the risk of linezolid-induced thrombocytopenia in patients with renal impairment is not available. The aim of the study is to develop a nomogram for predicting linezolid-induced thrombocytopenia in patients with renal impairment and to investigate the incremental value of PNU-142300 concentration beyond clinical factors and linezolid trough concentration (Cmin) for risk prediction. Logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors for linezolid-induced thrombocytopenia in patients with renal impairment and nomograms were established. The performance of the nomograms was assessed in terms of area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), net reclassification improvement (NRI), integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) , decision curve analysis (DCA) and calibration. Internal validation and external validation of the nomograms were also performed. Four nomograms were created: nomogram A including total bilirubin, creatinine clearance and concomitant mannitol use; nomogram B containing linezolid Cmin additionally; nomogram C containing total bilirubin, concomitant mannitol use, linezolid Cmin, and PNU142300 concentration; nomogram D including total bilirubin, concomitant mannitol use, and PNU142300 concentration. Nomogram C improved the prediction performance than nomogram A (AUROC 0.881 vs. 0.749; NRI 0.290; IDI 0.226) and nomogram B (AUROC 0.881 vs. 0.812; NRI 0.152; IDI 0.130) in the training cohort. DCA analysis showed that nomogram C yielded a greater net benefit. Compared with nomogram A and nomogram B, nomogram C also showed superior discriminatory efficacy, good calibration and clinical usefulness in the external validation cohort. The nomogram containing PNU-142300 concentration and linezolid Cmin had better predictive capability than that containing linezolid Cmin for predicting linezolid-induced thrombocytopenia in patients with renal impairment.

[Objective] The development of resource-based cities is trapped in a dilemma due to a singular industrial structure and a closed development model. Exploring the mechanism of impact of network externalities on the economic performance of these cities is of great significance for promoting their economic growth and sustainable development. [Methods] This study first elaborated on the mechanism of impact of urban network externalities on the economic performance of resource-based cities, then analyzed the characteristics of change of the Chinese urban network from 2001 to 2019, and finally established an econometric model to test the impact of agglomeration economic externalities and urban network externalities on the economic performance of both resource-based and non-resource-based cities. [Results] The findings are as follows: (1) The network embeddedness of resource-based cities in the national organizational network had increased significantly, but there was still a considerable gap compared to non-resource-based cities. Resource-based cities had relatively fewer connections with core cities in the network and were generally located on the periphery of the urban network. (2) Investment, innovation, and urban network externalities significantly promoted economic growth. Particularly in the early stages of network embeddedness, resource-based cities showed greater heterogeneity and benefit potential in leveraging urban network externalities compared to non-resource-based cities. However, agglomeration economic externalities did not have a significant impact on the economic growth of resource-based cities. (3) Innovation and investment had a significant positive moderating effect on the relationship between urban network externalities and economic growth, and urban network externalities also significantly enhanced the positive impact of innovation and investment on economic growth, aligning with the principle of interaction symmetry. [Conclusion] Actively integrating into broader regional urban networks and enhancing the investment attractiveness and innovation capacity of resource-based cities are key strategies for promoting the transformation and economic growth of these cities.

BackgroundAdverse events in nursing homes, which are unintended incidents causing unnecessary harm to older residents. Previous studies in Chinese populations often focused on adverse events in hospitals, rather than residents in nursing homes. Additionally, they tended to focus on single incident rather than multiple types of adverse events. This study aims to assess the occurrence and contributing factors of multiple adverse events perceived by staff in Chinese nursing homes.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted among 691 frontline staff from 11 nursing homes in Southern China (August 2021–January 2022). Data were collected using a General Information Questionnaire, the Adverse Event Reporting Awareness Scale, and the Adverse Event Reporting Habit Scale. Logistic regression models were employed to analyze the contributing factors of adverse events.ResultsA total of 13 types of adverse events were screened out in nursing homes, and 477 (69.0%) participants reported that the adverse events “had happened” in the past year. The most common events were falls, unplanned extubation, and pressure sores. Clinical staff were 2.06 times more likely than frontline workers to report adverse events (95% CI = 1.13–3.76). Increased awareness (OR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.15–1.34) and habitual reporting of adverse events (OR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.01–1.08) were positively associated with higher reporting rates.ConclusionA significant proportion of staff reported adverse events, with clinical staff and those with better reporting habits noting higher occurrences. To enhance resident safety, nursing homes must prioritize preventing high-risk adverse events. Targeting frontline workers with lower reporting awareness and habits is crucial for effective interventions.

Study region: The Qinghai Lake basin (QLB) Study focus: The lake system of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is a crucial component of the global ecosystem. Global warming has significantly altered its water levels. To comprehensively analyze the changes in Qinghai Lake's water level and forecast its future trends, this study employs the hydrothermal coupling equilibrium theory to quantify the impact of various climate change factors. Furthermore, it incorporates CMIP6 global climate model, utilizing the Digital Watershed Model to simulate future runoff. The future water level trends of Qinghai Lake are predicted in this study using multiple regression model, allowing for the estimation of its future inundation area. New hydrological insights for the region: The results showed that the contributions of precipitation, evaporation and underlying surface factors to the water inflow into Qinghai Lake contribute to 76.52 %, 13.97 % and 9.51 %. Notably, the QLB has experienced a progressive warming and humidification, leading to expectations of a rise in lake's water level to 3202.64 m by the year 2050. This rise will result in the expansion of the submerged area, primarily concentrated in proximity to the alluvial plains. Furthermore, it will have implications for approximately 2.8 km of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway tracks. This study reveals hydrological responses of the lake to climate change and forecasts future water level trends, offering valuable insights into regional evolution and associated environmental implications.

Study region: The China-Vietnam Beilun River Study focus: Reconstruction of the historical river course of the Beilun River along the China–Vietnam border using multi-source data and application of the DSAS model to describe the changes and characteristics of different river segments; Quantification of land cover changes and characteristics along the Beilun River coastline using land dynamics and land transfer matrices; Analysis of the impact of river shoreline changes on land cover changes on both banks by overlaying shoreline change maps with land cover change maps. New hydrological insights for the region: Both banks of the boundary river tend to shift towards the opposite side, but the overall trend is a shift towards the Chinese side. The Chinese bank is characterized by erosion, while the Vietnamese bank is dominated by accretion. The Beilun River floodplain comprises more than 70 % cultivated land and forest land. Analysis of dynamic degree and transfer matrices shows a contraction of cultivated land, forest land, and water bodies, with a significant increase in construction land and other types of land, reflecting a conversion between cultivated and forest land and the encroachment of construction land on cultivated land. The migration of the boundary river shoreline has significantly impacted land cover. To address transboundary resource management issues, it is recommended that China and Vietnam sign a treaty with international legal validity.

We use JWST/NIRISS slitless spectroscopy from the Next Generation Deep Extragalactic Exploratory Public (NGDEEP) Survey to investigate the physical condition of 178 star-forming galaxies at 1.7

Purpose: Type 1 hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) can result in iron overload and liver disease if not detected and treated early. Most cases are found among people homozygous for HFE p.Cys282Tyr variants. Compound heterozygosity with the HFE p.His63Asp variant is associated with disease to a lesser degree. We sought to examine the association of HFE variation with HH-related phenotypes and assess the prevalence of testing and diagnosis of HH using All of Us data. Methods: We used data from 133,978 participants with genetic information linked to medical records. For different HFE genotypes, we examined the prevalence of HH diagnosis codes and related biochemical and clinical phenotypes. Results: Among participants who were p.Cys282Tyr homozygotes, the prevalence of HH diagnosis codes was 22.6% among males and 15.6% among females. Serum transferrin-iron saturation measures were available only for 31.4% of males and 21.1% of females who were p.Cys282Tyr homozygotes. Liver disease, including cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma, was present more among males who were p.Cys282Tyr homozygotes compared with males with no p.Cys282Tyr or p.His63Asp variants (15.5% vs 8.5%, P = .0001). Of the 71 participants who were p.Cys282Tyr homozygotes with indication of liver disease, 32 (45.1%) did not have a serum transferrin-iron saturation measure, and 37 (52.1%) did not have diagnosis codes for HH. Conclusion: Limited serum transferrin-iron saturation measures or HH diagnosis codes among p.Cys282Tyr homozygotes, even those with liver disease, suggests potential undertesting and underdiagnosis of type 1 HH in clinical practice and a need for improved awareness, education, and testing around HH.

Shoulder X-ray images typically have low contrast and high noise levels, making it challenging to distinguish and identify subtle anatomical structures. While existing image enhancement techniques are effective in improving contrast, they often overlook the enhancement of sharpness, especially when amplifying blurring and noise. These techniques may improve detail contrast but fail to maintain overall image clarity and the distinction between the target and the background. To address these issues, we propose a novel image enhancement method aimed at simultaneously improving both the contrast and sharpness of shoulder X-ray images. The method integrates automatic tissue attenuation techniques, which enhance the image contrast by removing non-essential tissue components while preserving important tissues and bones. Additionally, we apply an improved Type-II fuzzy set algorithm to further optimize image sharpness. By simultaneously enhancing contrast and sharpness, the method significantly improves image quality and detail distinguishability. When tested on certain images from the MURA dataset, the proposed method achieved the best or second-best results, outperforming five no-reference image quality assessment metrics. In comparative studies, the method demonstrated significant performance advantages over 10 contemporary X-ray image enhancement algorithms and was validated through ablation experiments to confirm the effectiveness of each module.

ObjectiveTo investigate the association between Oxidative Balance Score (OBS) and glaucoma risk.MethodsUsing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005–2008), we analyzed 2,615 participants aged ≥40 years. OBS was calculated from 15 antioxidant and 5 pro-oxidant components, including dietary nutrients and lifestyle factors. Glaucoma was identified through self-reported diagnosis and retinal imaging. Survey-weighted logistic regression and restricted cubic splines (RCS) were used to assess associations.ResultsHigher OBS was associated with lower glaucoma risk (adjusted OR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.94–1.00). Participants in the highest OBS quartile showed 51% lower odds of glaucoma compared to the lowest quartile (adjusted OR = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.27–0.90). The protective effect was more pronounced among middle-aged adults (40–60 years; OR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.86–0.95) and males (OR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.90–0.97).ConclusionHigher OBS were associated with lower glaucoma prevalence, particularly among middle-aged adults and males, suggesting potential benefits of maintaining oxidative balance in glaucoma prevention.

Whether there is a limit in enhancing strength-ductility through refining heterogeneous lamella structures has garnered great attention for designing high-performance Al matrix composites. Here we investigated lamella spacing controlled strengthening-toughening behaviors in heterogeneous lamella micro- and nano-sized SiC particles (m- & n-SiCp)/2024Al composites. With increasing extrusion ratio, both thickness and grain size of fine grain (FG) bands were decreased while ultra-fine grain (UFG) dimensions were almost constant. Samples consisting of appropriately refined heterogeneous lamellas possess simultaneously enhanced strength and ductility: 632.5 MPa in yield strength, 757.1 MPa in ultimate tensile strength and 6.5 % in elongation, exhibiting a superior toughness of 42.8 MJ/m3 that is 58.5 % and 169.2 % higher than those of counterparts. Hetero-deformation induced (HDI) and dislocation strengthening as dominant mechanisms contribute more than 65 % to yield strength and intragranular n-SiCps compensate for the precipitation strengthening loss in UFG zones. High ductility benefits from both intrinsic and extrinsic toughening. The improved strain hardening capacity, achieved through synergy of extensive hetero-interfaces and dense long straight geometrically necessary dislocation (GND) arrays piled-up within FGs delays necking instability, while strain delocalization induced damage delocalization behavior inhibits premature fracture.

Abstract Here, a combination of dopamine self‐polymerization and epoxy modified SiO2 (M‐SiO2) grafting was proposed, with the purpose of increasing interfacial adhesion of UHMWPE fiber. Inspired by mussel adhesion, polydopamine (PDA) was deposited onto the surface of UHMWPE fiber to form a thin layer with amino and hydroxyl groups. M‐SiO2 nanoparticles were then adhered to fiber surface via chemical reactions by a “two‐step” or “one‐step” technology. In the “two‐step” technique, the M‐SiO2 nanoparticles were adhered to the surface of PDA modified UHMWPE fiber via reactions between epoxy and amino groups. In the “one‐step” method, M‐SiO2 and dopamine were added into the UHMWPE/Tris solution at the same time. Surface morphology and thermal properties of various UHMWPE fibers were tested by SEM and TGA, respectively. Surface wettability of different UHMWPE fibers were evaluated by dynamic contact angle. The results proved that PDA and M‐SiO2 were successfully adhered to the surface of UHMWPE fibers. The mechanical property of modified UHMWPE/Epoxy composites was investigated, and 43.7 % improvement was obtained, compared with unmodified UHMWPE/Epoxy composite. Additionally, micro‐bond test revealed that the interfacial property (IFSS value) of modified UHMWPE fiber via the “one‐step” method was 6.08 MPa, significantly higher than that of unmodified UHMWPE fiber (2.47 MPa).

The primary objective of this study was to investigate the effects of baicalein and fangchinoline on the metabolism of abemaciclib. We hypothesized that these two natural compounds could significantly affect the metabolism of abemaciclib by inhibiting the activity of the CYP3A4 enzyme, thus potentially increasing its concentration in the body. In vitro, rat liver microsomes (RLM) and human liver microsomes (HLM) were employed to explore the inhibitory effects and mechanisms of baicalein and fangchinoline on abemaciclib. In vivo, twelve healthy male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly assigned to three groups: Group A (control group), Group B (baicalein), and Group C (fangchinoline). The concentrations of abemaciclib and its metabolite N-desethylabemaciclib (M2) were evaluated using ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Finally, molecular docking method was employed to understand the interaction between abemaciclib and baicalein. It was indicated by the in vitro findings that both baicalein and fangchinoline inhibited abemaciclib metabolism in RLM through a mixed mechanism of competitive and non-competitive inhibition pathway. In HLM, baicalein inhibited abemaciclib metabolism by employing a hybrid mechanism of uncompetitive and non-competitive inhibition, while fangchinoline exhibited its inhibition in a competitive manner. In vivo, pharmacokinetic experiments revealed significant increases for AUC(0-t) and AUC(0-∞) of abemaciclib in Group B and Group C when compared to Group A, while the plasma clearance (CLz/F) of abemaciclib exhibited significant reductions. Moreover, molecular docking studies showed that both abemaciclib and baicalein docked to the active pocket of CYP3A4. This study demonstrated that the co-administration of baicalein or fangchinoline significantly affected the metabolism of abemaciclib, providing valuable insights for its clinical application.

C48H35Fe2NO4P2Se2, monoclinic, P21/c, a = 20.3289(18) Å, b = 12.6909(11) Å, c = 17.6743(16) Å, β = 109.767(4)∘, V = 4291.1(7) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0638, wRref(F2) = 0.1439, T = 298(2) K.

C33H22O6Sn, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 9.5394(11) Å, b = 10.2394(12) Å, c = 15.3202(18) Å, α = 105.195(3)°, β = 91.321(2)°, γ = 105.703(3)°, V = 1383.1(3) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0452, wRref(F2) = 0.1115, T = 298(2) K.

Abstract Climate assessments have largely overlooked the radiative effect of anthropogenic coarse particulate matter (PMcoarse, with an aerodynamic diameter between 2.5 and 10 µm) in China. Despite its similar mass concentration to fine particulate matter (PM2.5), anthropogenic sources of PMcoarse in China have been much less studied and typically underrepresented in models. Here, we present a new model simulation for PMcoarse in China that incorporates various anthropogenic sources. The model successfully captures the magnitude and distribution of observed PMcoarse and recently available aerosol optical depth measurements at near-infrared wavelengths, which are substantially underestimated if anthropogenic PMcoarse is not included. We find that anthropogenic PMcoarse exerts a cooling effect of -0.11 Wm−2 (-0.03 to -0.42 Wm−2) in China by aerosol–radiation interaction, capable of completely offsetting the warming effect from black carbon by 2060 under Dynamic Projection model for Emissions in China (DPEC) 1.1 scenario. We conclude that the radiative effect due to anthropogenic PMcoarse will likely dampen the warming penalty caused by the emission reduction of other aerosols in China and should be incorporated into climate models.

This study investigated the effect of forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) and Aurora kinase B (AURKB) on the epidermal function of keratinocytes.

Shengli Oilfield has entered the middle and later development stages， and higher requirements for development seismic technologies have been set to develop reservoirs and further enhance oil recovery finely. The distribution and connectivity of conventional reservoirs in Jiyang Depression are complex due to different buried depths， multi-stage tectonic movements， various sedimentary types， and other factors. At the same time， constrained by seismic recognition， the well-seismic correspondences of some reservoirs are unclear， limiting the accuracy of fine reservoir characterization. In response to the development needs of different types of conventional reservoirs in Shengli Oilfield， a series of development seismic technologies have been formed through practice. These technologies include multi-method integrated reservoir prediction technology for middle and shallow fluvial facies reservoirs， integrated fine description technology for fracture systems in complex fault block reservoirs combing fine fault edge depiction and multiple attributes， prediction technology for middle-deep reservoirs with low permeability， and description technology of buried hill reservoirs fusing multiple parameters of “fault-fracture-dissolution composite storage space.” These technologies provide strong support for reservoir development. However， as the target reservoirs for development get deeper， thinner， and smaller and expand into unconventional reservoirs， the development seismic technologies faces higher requirements and challenges. It is necessary to accelerate the integration process of processing and interpretation， strengthen the theoretical research of rock physics， promote the application of OVT domain pre-stack inversion in the description of multi-type oil reservoirs， tackle the fine description technologies of complex fault block-lithofacies reservoirs， break through the technical bottleneck of well-ground joint acquisition and gravity-magnetic-electric-seismic technology， and realize the application of artificial intelligence technology in the development seismic field， so as to further promote reservoir development.

Ferulic acid (FA), the most abundant phenolic acid in cereals, widely exists in both free and bound forms in grains, legumes and other plant-based foods. FA has various functional activities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties, thus exhibiting high application values in the fields of food and medicine. To date, although a large number of in vivo and in vitro experiments have shown the importance of cereal FA in maintaining intestinal health, it is still unclear how FA is metabolized by the gut microbiota. In order to offer new insights into the molecular mechanism of the regulatory effect of FA the gut microbiota and offer a theoretical reference for better development and utilization of cereal FA and its metabolites, this paper provides a systematic review of the recent literature concerning intestinal microbial metabolism of cereal FA from three aspects of the existing forms, intestinal release and metabolism, and physiological health effects.

Abstract [Objective] To enhance the resistance of non-heading Chinese cabbage to turnip mosaic virus (TuMV), this study preliminarily explored the interaction mechanism between BcCHC1 protein of nonheading Chinese cabbage and TuMV. [Methods] The study firstly identified members of the heavy chain clathrin (CHC) gene family, BcCHCs, from non-heading Chinese cabbage, and then cloned CHC1 gene. BcCHC1 subcellular localization was analyzed, and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assay was used to verify the interaction between TuMV and BcCHC1. Finally, virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) was employed to silence BcCHC1 expression and its function was assessed. [Results] BcCHC1 gene from non-heading Chinese cabbage was cloned, with a coding sequence length of 5 124 bp, encoding 1 708 amino acids. qRT-PCR results showed a significant decrease in the relative expression level of Bc- CHC1 gene in non-heading Chinese cabbage infected with TuMV after 30 days. Subcellular localization revealed that BcCHC1 protein was located in the cell membrane and nucleus of tobacco epidermal cells. BiFC assay analysis confirmed that BcCHC1 interacted with CI and 6K2: Interaction with CI was mainly occurring in the nucleus, while interaction with 6K2 mainly on the cell membrane. Observations of BcCHC1-silenced lines showed that silencing BcCHC1 gene led to plant death. [Conclusion] BcCHC1 regulates the infection of non-heading Chinese cabbage by TuMV through interaction with CI and 6K2, thereby affecting the clathrin-dependent endocytosis pathway and virus replication. However, the mechanism by which Bc- CHC1 regulates TuMV infection in non-heading Chinese cabbage requires further study.

Abstract Purpose Liver was one of the most common distant metastatic sites in breast cancer. Patients with distant metastasis were identified as American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage IV indicating poor prognosis. However, few studies have predicted the survival in females with T1-2N0-1 breast cancer who developed liver metastasis. This study aimed to explore the clinical features of these patients and establish a nomogram to predict their overall survival. Results 1923 patients were randomly divided into training (n = 1154) and validation (n = 769) cohorts. Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that age, marital status, race, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2), chemotherapy, surgery and bone metastasis, brain metastasis were considered the independent prognostic indicators. We developed a nomogram according to these ten parameters. The consistency index (c-index) was 0.72 (95% confidence interval CI 0.70–0.74) in the training cohort, 0.72 (95% CI 0.69–0.74) in the validation cohort. Calibration plots indicated that the nomogram-predicted survival was consistent with the recorded 1-, 3- and 5-year prognoses. Decision curve analysis curves in both the training and validation cohorts demonstrated that the nomogram showed better prediction than the AJCC TNM (8th) staging system. Kaplan Meier curve based on the risk stratification system showed that the low-risk group had a better prognosis than the high-risk group (P

Abstract Background Studies have reported that polyphyllin I (PPI) had effective anti-tumor activity against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the precise molecular mechanism of this action and the direct target remain unclear. The aim of this study was to discover the molecular targets and the exact mechanism of PPI in the treatment of HCC. Methods Various HCC cells and Zebrafish xenotransplantation models were used to examine the efficacy of PPI against HCC. A proteome microarray, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis, small molecule transfection, and molecular docking were conducted to confirm the direct binding targets of PPI. Transcriptome and Western blotting were then used to determine the exact responding mechanism. Finally, the anticancer effect and its precise mechanism, as well as the safety of PPI, were verified using a mouse tumor xenograft study. Results The results demonstrated that PPI had significant anticancer activity against HCC in both in vitro studies of two cells and the zebrafish model. Notably, PPI selectively enhanced the action of the Zinc finger and BTB domain-containing 16 (ZBTB16) protein by directly binding to it. Furthermore, specific knockdown of ZBTB16 markedly attenuated PPI-dependent inhibition of HCC cell proliferation and migration caused by overexpression of the gene. The transcriptome and Western blotting also confirmed that the interaction between ZBTB16 and PPI also activated the PPARγ/RXRα pathway. Finally, the mouse experiments confirmed the efficacy and safety of PPI to treat HCC. Conclusions Our results indicate that ZBTB16 is a promising drug target for HCC and that PPI as a potent ZBTB16 agonist has potential as a therapeutic agent against HCC by regulating the ZBTB16/PPARγ/RXRα signaling axis.

Abstract Objective Existing evidence suggests telomerase activation is a crucial step in tumorigenesis. The telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), encoded by the human TERT gene, is critical for telomerase expression. The TERT rs10069690 (C > T) variant was identified to be associated with the risk of cancer, however, there have been inconsistent results. Therefore, we performed a comprehensive meta-analysis aiming to clarify the association between this variant and cancer susceptibility. Methods We conducted literature search in PubMed, EMbase, MEDLINE and Cochrane Library up to April 30, 2024. Overall, there are 55 studies involving 334,196 patients with cancer and 741,187 controls included in the present study. All statistical analyses were performed by STATA software (version 11.0). Results The pooled results showed a significant association between rs10069690 and an increased risk of cancer under allele model (OR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.07–1.13, P

Abstract Severe PM2.5 pollution threatens public health in India. Atmospheric stagnation traps emitted pollutants, worsening their health impacts. Global warming is anticipated to alter future stagnation patterns, impacting the effectiveness of air quality policies. Here, we develop a region-specific index that characterizes meteorological conditions driving stagnation and associated PM2.5 increases. Applying this index to an ensemble of climate models and global warming scenarios, we find that future stagnation changes result from both global CO2-driven circulation changes and local aerosol-driven meteorological responses. By 2100, we project an increase in winter stagnation in the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) of 7 ± 3 days that leads to an increase in PM2.5 of ~7 ug/m3 in a high-warming and high-aerosol scenario. However, annual stagnation occurrences decrease across most of India. Thus, stringent air quality regulations in the IGP during winters will be critical to reduce surface PM2.5 concentrations as climate warms. Such regulations will directly improve air quality while reducing future stagnation occurrences, providing additional air quality benefits.

Abstract [Objective] This study aims to identify and analyze the members of the tonoplast intrinsic protein (TIP) subfamily in apple, and to investigate the expression patterns under drought stress. It provides information for further research on utilization of drought resistance gene resources in apple. [Methods] The MdTIPs in apple genome was identified by bioinformatics methods. The physicochemical properties, gene structures, conserved motifs, cis-regulatory elements, and phylogenetic trees, etc. of the subfamily members were analyzed. The expression patterns of MdTIPs in different organs under drought stress were analyzed by qRT-PCR. [Results] A total of 13 MdTIP genes were identified in the apple genome, and most members were localized at the plasma membrane. Chromosome localization analysis suggested that all members were distributed on 10 chromosomes, with 1-3 members on each chromosome. Besides, the promoter regions of the genes contained response elements for hormonal and adversity stresses. qRTPCR showed that MdTIP members were up-regulated in roots except MdTIP1;1, of which MdTIP1;3 and MdTIP1;4 were up-regulated 5.27 times and 5.69 times, respectively, compared with the control, suggesting that these two genes might be critical in response to drought stress. [Conclusion] Identification of MdTIP subfamily members is provided in this study. 10 MdTIP members are differentially expressed in roots, stems, and leaves, and 12 members are highly expressed in roots.

Abstract Fully targeted mRNA therapeutics necessitate simultaneous organ-specific accumulation and effective translation. Despite some progress, delivery systems are still unable to fully achieve this. Here, we reformulate lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) through adjustments in lipid material structures and compositions to systematically achieve the pulmonary and hepatic (respectively) targeted mRNA distribution and expression. A combinatorial library of degradable-core based ionizable cationic lipids is designed, following by optimisation of LNP compositions. Contrary to current LNP paradigms, our findings demonstrate that cholesterol and phospholipid are dispensable for LNP functionality. Specifically, cholesterol-removal addresses the persistent challenge of preventing nanoparticle accumulation in hepatic tissues. By modulating and simplifying intrinsic LNP components, concurrent mRNA accumulation and translation is achieved in the lung and liver, respectively. This targeting strategy is applicable to existing LNP systems with potential to expand the progress of precise mRNA therapy for diverse diseases.

In recent years, the service life of building materials has become the focus of attention. Among them, the service life of concrete and steel bars is particularly affected by the corrosion of external ions (such as Cl−) in the environment. To solve this problem, a new type of composite nanocolloid was prepared through a controllable preparation method. The composite nanocolloid is prepared from aluminum chloride sol and silica sol as raw materials. The prepared colloidal particles have a particle size distribution between 10.5 and 17.5 nm, exhibiting excellent stability and dispersibility. In order to verify the improvement effect of the composite nanocolloid on the properties of building materials, the influence of it on the porosity of concrete and the anti-corrosion performance of steel bars was experimentally studied. The results indicate that the moisture absorption and dehumidification speed of concrete treated with composite nano colloids is slower, and the pore size distribution is mainly concentrated in 100–1,000 nm, indicating that the colloids can effectively optimize the pore structure of concrete. In addition, the processed steel plate samples showed high AC impedance values and low corrosion current logarithmic values in electrochemical testing, indicating that composite nanocolloids have a significant protective effect on the corrosion of steel bars, which can effectively improve the performance of building materials and extend their service life.

Chaohu Lake is a representative lake in China that suffers from severe eutrophication and algal blooms. Understanding the changes in the lake’s eutrophic condition over time is essential for its restoration and management under the background of global changes and regional sustainability. In this context, the compositions of carbon and nitrogen isotopes (δ 13Corg and δ 15N, respectively), total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), and carbon–nitrogen ratio (C/N) were analysed to depict the history of eutrophic state of Chaohu Lake, and its relationship with environmental changes. The result show that before the 1950s, the primary productivity of the lake was low. During the period from the 1950s to the 1970s, primary productivity increased substantially due to eutrophication. From the 1970s to the present, as a result of the construction of the Chaohu Floodgate Station, water replacement in the semi-closed Chaohu Lake gradually slowed and nutrients began to accumulate more rapidly. These conditions led to enhanced lake productivity and rapid eutrophication, mainly caused by intensified human activities and increased exogenous inputs. Our findings suggest that the geochemical records (δ 13Corg, δ 15N, TOC, TN, and C/N ratios) in sediment for Chaohu Lake are capable of recording important shifts in the temporal evolution of lake-water trophic state.