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Objectives. To study the possibility of using nitrogen-containing organosilicon compounds in the creation of heat-resistant and fireresistant casting compositions to seal high-voltage high-frequency equipment.Methods. Nitrogen-containing organosilicon compounds were obtained using the N-siloxycarbonylation, formylation, and silylation methods. The methods used in the work were infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, viscometry, and differential scanning calorimetry. The mechanical and dielectric properties of the samples were determined.Results. Previously unknown substances and compounds containing nitrogen-containing organosilicon products as components of the curing composition were obtained. Their physicomechanical and operational properties were examined, including the possibility of using them as filling heat-resistant and fire-resistant compositions for sealing high-voltage and high-frequency equipment.Conclusions. It was shown that nitrogen-containing organosilicon compounds — 3-(diethylamino)-2-[(triethoxysilyl)oxy]propyl-2-methacrylate and triethoxysilyl ester of γ-triethoxysilylpropyl-carbamic acid — can be used as part of a curing system together with bromine-containing fillers, in order to obtain compounds used for filling high-voltage high-frequency transformers, throttle valves, and other electronic equipment elements with non-combustible properties and increased heat resistance.

Objectives. To study the patterns of behavior of morpholine and its trimethylsilyl derivative in reactions with trimethylsilyl isocyanate.Methods. The study employed infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, as well as elemental analysis.Results. The formation of mixtures of tautomeric forms of silicon-containing urea—N-(trimethylsilyl) morpholine-4-carboxamide and trimethylsilylmorpholine-4-carboximidoate—was established.Conclusions. It is shown that the composition and structure of the resulting products are determined both by the presence of a morpholine substituent at the nitrogen atom and by the type of isocyanate used. Unlike the trimethylsilyl derivative of morpholine, morpholine itself reacts with trimethylsilyl isocyanate to form a mixture of tautomeric forms.

Aim: to assess the relationship between colonization of the oral cavity with S. mutans and different genotypic characteristics and the degree of tooth decay in children.Materials and methods. 274 children aged 5 to 17 years (153 girls and 121 boys) who received a preventive dental checkup were included in the study. The dental caries experience was assessed by the DMFT index (number of decayed, missing due to caries, and filled teeth), according to WHO recommendations. The plaque was collected with sterile wooden toothpicks from the buccal gingival margin or from fissures of the first molars and placed in 1.5 mL Eppendorf tubes, and then plated on Mitis Salivarius Agar medium (HiMedia, India). 481 strains of S. mutans were selected for further study. DNA was extracted by an express method. Amplification was performed in the CFX-96 thermal cycler (Bio-Rad, USA). Serotyping was performed by multiplex PCR. PCR products were analyzed by gel electrophoresis in 1.5% agarose gel with ethidium bromide (10 mg/mL) manufactured by Helicon, Moscow, and visualized in UV light in transilluminator UVT1 by Biokom. Genotyping was performed according to the methodology (Saarela et al., 1996) with the oligonucleotide primer OPA-02 (5’-TGCCGAGCTG-3’). Strains of S. mutans were studied for the presence of the following genes: gtfB, spaP, cnm, fruA, gtfB, htrA, comE, mutA x(I), mutA (II), mutA (III), nlmAB (IV), adcA, Smu.399, Smu.583, Smu.761, Smu.940c, Smu.1449, Smu.2130.Results. S. mutans was isolated from all the examined children. Dental decay was detected in 82.4% of the children. Among the strains studied, all 4 serotypes were found: in children with a DMFT = 0 only serotypes k and f were detected; the predominant serotype in children with tooth decay was serotype c (74.7%). 19 genotypes of S. mutans were identified. In children without caries (DMFT = 0), S. mutans did not contain the genes spaP, comE, adcA, Smu.2130, Smu.1449, gtfB, htrA. With the increase in the DMFT index, the frequency of their detection increased. 9 genotypes of S. mutans had all 7 virulence factors. In 94.9% of children colonized by these “virulent” genotypes, high DMFT index scores were observed.Conclusion. The data obtained indicate that only a limited number of specific strains have a cariogenic potential. Strains of S. mutans belonging to serotypes e and c with a combination of virulence genes spaP, gtfB, comE, adcA, Smu.2130, Smu.1449, and htrA were isolated from children with tooth decay. Strains without these factors did not cause any damage to the teeth. The degree of tooth decay increases with colonization by several genotypes with the combination of virulence factors described above.

Rationale: Type IV collagen is the main component of the basal membrane ensuring its integrity. Basal membrane destruction is associated with absent type IV collagen expression being directly related to an increased tumor invasion risk. Specifics of the protein expression in various morphological types of basal cell carcinoma have not been well described. Aim: To study the association between type IV collagen expression and basal cell carcinoma morphological structure and invasion potential. Materials and methods: We performed an immunohistochemistry analysis with anti-type IV collagen antibodies on 30 biopsy specimens of the skin involved with basal cell carcinoma. Results: The superficial multicentric type of basal cell carcinoma differed from the solid, micronodular, and infiltrative types by linear continuous type IV collagen expression (р < 0.0083). Most often, there was no type IV collagen expression in the micronodular and infiltrative basal cell carcinomas; however, no significant difference of the solid type and each of the abovementioned types was found. Aggressive basal cell carcinoma types (micronodular and infiltrative, taken together) were significantly different (р = 0.033) from the solid type by the absence of type IV collagen expression. Linear continuous expression was seen exclusively in basal cell carcinomas with the invasion of < 0.825 mm. Conclusion: We have identified the difference in type IV collagen expression depending on the morphological type of basal cell skin carcinoma, prevailing linear continuous expression in the superficial multicentric type and its absence in the micronodular and infiltrative types.

One hundred forty patients (the average age of 46.7±7.7 years) with hypertensive encephalopathy (HE) were observed. 74 patients of the main group received Cytoflavin® in a dose of 2 tablets twise a day in the standard basic therapy. 66 patients of the reference group received the basic therapy alone. The arterial endothelium function was estimated and ultrasonic examination of the hemodynamics at five structurally functional levels of the cerebral vascular course was used. All the patients with HE had endothelial dysfunction, bloodstream depression in the arterial course of the brain vascular system, decreased reactivity of the intracranial veins, difficulty in venous outflow. In the course of the therapy with Cytoflavin® restoration of the arterial endothelial function in the patients with HE I stage, the linear and volume speed of bloodstream in the main and intracranial cerebral arteries in the patients with HE I-II stages, restoration of the intracranial veins reactivity, the linear speed of bloodstream in intracranial veins in the patients with all three stages of HE, the linear speed of bloodstream in the main veins up to the control values in the patients with I-III stages of HE were observed. Interrelation between the values of the cerebral hemodynamics and the state of the endothelium function was shown.

The paper presents the proceedings of the Round Table with the participation of leading neurologists, which is devoted to chronic cerebrovascular diseases. It is noted that chronic cerebral ischemia (CCI), or dyscirculatory encephalopathy (DEP), is one of the most common neurological diagnoses in our country. The pathogenesis, clinical presentations, diagnosis and treatment of CCI (DEP) and its matching with vascular cognitive impairment (CI), which is regarded in foreign literature as the main manifestation of chronic cerebrovascular disease (CVD) were considered. The authors analyze clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of vinpocetine (Cavinton) in chronic CVD, dizziness, CI, as well as the use of new vinpocetine formulations, such as Cavinton Comforte, in various neurological diseases, dysphagia in particular, in poststroke patients.

The results of studies on chemical transformations of organic and organosilicon isocyanates in their interaction with hydrazine derivatives have been summarized in this review. It is shown that hydrazine and its derivatives including organosilicon compounds reacting with organic isocyanates form corresponding semicarbazides readily enough. The reaction conditions that effect the composition, structure and yield of the resulting target products are presented. A significant difference in the interaction of trimethylsilyl isocyanate with organic and organosilicon derivatives of hydrazine is demonstrated. It is demonstrated that the reason for the impossibility to isolate trimethylsilyl derivatives of semicarbazide is their low hydrolytic stability, as well as high silylating ability. Peculiarities of the reaction of trimethylsilyl isocyanate and dimethylchloromethyl isocyanate silane with 1,1-dimethylhydrazine, its trimethylsilyl analog and isoniazid are given. Possible schemes for the formation of a previously unknown O-trimethylsilyl-1,1-dimethylhydrazinecarboximidoate are presented. The results of using carbofunctional organosilicon isocyanates in these processes are discussed. Basic trends in practical use of the prepared compounds as physiologically active preparations in polymer chemistry and agriculture are shown.

Alloplasmic lines are formed when the cytoplasm of one species is replaced by the cytoplasm of another as a result of repeated recurrent crosses of wide hybrids with the paternal genotype. Since the cytoplasm replacement results in new intergenomic interactions between a nucleus and cytoplasm leading to variability of plant characteristics, alloplasmic lines with restored fertility can be an additional source of biodiversity of cultivated plants. Earlier, recombinant alloplasmic lines (H. vulgare)-T. aestivum designated as L-17(1)–L-17(37) were formed from a plant with partially restored fertility of the BC3 generation of barley-wheat hybrid H. vulgare (cv. Nepolegayushchii) × T. aestivum (cv. Saratovskaya 29). This male-sterile hybrid was consistently backcrossed with wheat varieties Mironovskaya 808 (twice) and Saratovskaya 29, and Mironovskaya 808 had a positive impact on the restoration of fertility. This paper presents the results of investigation into a group of recombinant alloplasmic lines (L-17F4), as well as into doubled haploids (DH) lines – alloplasmic DH-17-lines obtained from anther culture of alloplasmic lines (L-17F2). The most productive of these lines were used as initial breeding genotypes. Hybrid form Lutescens 311/00-22 developed from the crossing of the alloplasmic DH(1)-17 line (as maternal genotype) with euplasmic line Com37 (CIMMYT), the source of the 1RS.1BL wheat-rye translocation, proved to be successful for breeding. The presence of the 1RS.1BL translocation in the genome of the Lutescens 311/00-22 form and the L-311(1)–L-311(6) alloplasmic lines isolated from it did not lead to a decrease of fertility or sterility in the plants. This indicates that the chromosome of the 1BS wheat does not carry the gene(s) that determine the restoration of fertility in the studied (H. vulgare)-T. aestivum alloplasmic lines. Alloplasmic lines L-311(1)–L-311(6) showed their advantage in comparison with the standard varieties for resistance to leaf and stem rust, yield, and grain quality. The breeding tests performed at Omsk Agricultural Scientific Center, Agrocomplex “Kurgansemena”, Federal State Unitary Enterprise “Ishimskoe” (Tyumen Region), using alloplasmic lines L-311(5), L-311(4) and L-311(6) resulted in varieties of spring common wheat Sigma, Uralosibirskaya 2 and Ishimskaya 11, respectively.

History of dermatology development in Russia and the USSR in 1950-1959. words: dermatological service in Russia and USSR in 1950-1959.

The article presents the history of venerology in Russia and USSR in 1950-1959.

Eighty four patients with clinical signs of acute cerebrovasculardisease were examined. According to MRI, 20 patients were diagnosedwith venous infarction, and 64 patients were diagnosedwith arterial infarction. Venous strokes developed more frequentlyin patients at a relatively young age and in females. The clinicalpicture of venous stroke is characterized by subacute and slowdevelopment of clinical manifestations; prevalence of cerebralsymptoms over focal symptoms; symptoms indicative of cerebralvenous discirculation; a tendency towards relatively rapid regressionof cerebral symptoms. According to MRI, the localizationof infarction in venous stroke does not coincide with territoriesof blood supply to the main intracranial arteries; the form of fociis irregular, and their contours are rough and indistinct; signs ofcerebral venous discirculation, intracranial venous stasis, and vasogenicedema are visualized.

The planning and assessment of therapeutic and preventivemeasures aimed at decreasing the burden of cardiovascular diseases(CVD) are impossible without reliable information concerningbasic epidemiologic characteristics and risk factors(RF) for these disorders. This study aimed at investigating theprevalence of risk factors for CVD among people aged 4059years old. As a part of a general population screening 157 malesand 343 females underwent standardized examination. Dataobtained from the study suggest the following prevalence of RF:positive family history of cardiovascular diseases 17%, hypertension 47%, ischemic heart disease 9%, diabetes 3.4%,atrial fibrillation 1.8%, transient ischemic attacks 1.4%,hypertensive cerebral crisis 5.6%. Behavioural risk factors,such as smoking, alcohol abuse and low physical activity, werealso assessed. Differences in frequency of risk factors detectiondepending on sex, age and education have been furthermoredemonstrated. These data substantiate the necessity of improvingthe effectiveness of preventive measures among people aged4059 years old, and might be used for planning and assessmentof the therapeutic and preventive care.

We conducted an epidemiological study of an open population(aged 4059 yrs) restricted to the two therapeutic clusters of aregional out-patient clinic, Ulyanovsk city. A total of 500 peoplewere examined, including 157 men and 343 women. The meanage was 51.16.8 yrs. Arterial hypertension was diagnosed in46.8% of the population. The prevalence of definite casesof cerebrovascular disease (CVD) was 25.4%, including:hypertensive cerebral crises (HCC) 3.6%, transient ischemicattacks 0.6%, stroke 3.6%, initial stages of cerebrovasculardisease (ISCVD) 7.0%, and chronic cerebrovascular disease(CCD) 10.6%. The prevalence of all types of CVD wassimilar among both sexes, with the exception of HCCoccurring much more frequently in women. Two types of CVDdominated in the structure of CVD, CCI and ISCVD (68.8%of all registered cases of CVD). A significant prevalence(52%) of initial-stage cases of CVD, ISCVD and CCI-stage I,underlines the need for active preventive measures of acuteand severe chronic forms of CVD.

The paper deals with hydraulic structure that is designed for the protection of the sea coast against washout, the results of calculations of the basic parameters.

Aim. To evaluate the impact of incorporating cytoflavin in a treatment regimen for patients with different stages of hypertensive disease (HD). Subjects and methods. The results of treatment were analyzed in 140 patients with HD (53 with Stage I, 50 with Stage II, and 37 with Stage III). According to the treatment regimen, the patients were divided into 2 groups. A study group (n=74) received combination treatment involving antihypertensive therapy and cytoflavin intravenously dropwisely in a single dose of 200 ml of 5% glucose solution for 10 days, then 2 tablets twice daily for 60 days, with a total cycle time being 70 days. A comparison group (n=66) had antihypertensive therapy only. Thirty apparently healthy individuals (a control group) were examined to have reference values. All the patients were examined using conventional clinical and laboratory studies. The patients’ complaints and neurological status were assessed using respective questionnaires over time — before and after treatment. Results. The incorporation of cytoflavin in a treatment regimen was ascertained to reduce the degree of anxiety, depressive, dissomnic, and cognitive disorders, improves quality of life in patients with Stage I HD, and lowers the degree of asthenic and autonomic disorders in all disease stages. Conclusion. The found efficacy and safety of the drug may recommend its incorporation in combination therapy regimens for Stages I—III HD.

AIM. To evaluate the efficacy of cytoflavin in the treatment of patients with hypertensive encephalopathy (HE). MATERIALS AND METHODS. One hundred and forty patients aged 39 to 73 years, diagnosed with HE, were examined and randomized to 2 groups. A study group (n=74) received cytoflavin in a dose of 2 tablets b.i.d. on days 1 to 25 days inclusive during standard basic therapy. A comparison group (n=66 persons) had standard basic therapy only. A control group consisted of 30 apparently healthy individuals. The investigators studied the frequency of headache, dizziness, and other complaints and the intensity of cephalalgic syndrome, by using a visual analog scale, the quality of life by the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (MOS SF-36) questionnaire, that of sleep by the subjective sleep characteristics questionnaire elaborated at the Moscow City Somnological Center, the level of asthenia by a subjective asthenia rating scale (Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI-20), and autonomic status, by applying objective and subjective scales on days 1 and 25 of therapy. RESULTS. The study has shown that cytoflavin used in the above dose for 25 days reduces the frequency and magnitude of complaints of headache, dizziness, "venous" complaints, the degree of autonomic and asthenic disorders, and impairments in the quality of sleep and life in the patients with HE at all disease stages. A stepwise discriminant analysis has indicated that the degree of cephalgic syndrome, and autonomic disorders, and worse sleep quality are the most effective points for using the energy-modifier cytoflavin. CONCLUSION. HE treatment based on the current pathogenetic principles may have a preventive impact on the development of HE or slow down the rate of its progression.

To analyze patients with hypertensive encephalopathy (HE) in the course of antihypertensive therapy (AT) clinical psychological and neurological characteristics in dynamics of 6 months after the first screening were estimated. 107 patients with HE of I—III stages and 30 controls matched for age and sex were examined. The clinical, ultrasonic diagnostics and quality of life (QL) index were applied. In the process of HE development and progression decreases of the physical and psychological constituents of health were shown, pain barrier was decreased. The QL analysis shown that in the process of AT in dynamics the physical and psychological constituents of health increase.

The results of the study on reactions of reetherification and acylation of 3-aminopropyltryethoxysilan and 2-(aminoethyl)-3-(trymethoxysilyl)propylamine are presented. The possibility of preparation of the line and geterocycle organosilicon compounds containing nitrogen is shown. The schemes of processes that pass on the initial steps of preparation of polymerizing adgesives are proposed.

System approach was used to determine arterio-venous correlation under hypertensive encephalopathy (HE). 250 patients with HE I—III and 30 controls matched for age and sex were examined. The clinical, ultrasonic diagnostics and quality of life (QL) index were applied. By means of ultrasonic diagnostics it was shown that in the process of HE development and progression the changes on all structural functional levels of cerebral vascular system occur. The QL analysis depending on the HE stage shown that as the disease progresses the physical constituent of health increases and the mental constituent of health decreases. In the group of patients with venous discirculation of the blood pain barrier was decreased, physical and mental health constituent were lowed.

The review summarizes studies on the «direct synthesis» of alkoxysilanes. Their properties and areas of practical use are considered.

Alkoxysilanes is the unique class of organosilicon compounds that have various fields of the application.This review summarizes results of research on the synthesis of these products

Aim. To study antihypertensive effects of AT1-receptor blocker eprosartan and ACE inhibitor enalapril, in regard to leading pathway of angiotensin II (AT II) synthesis among arterial hypertension (AH) patients with various functional status of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). Material and methods. In total, 54 AH patients were examined. RAAS parameters and chymase activity were measured at rest and after orthostatic and captopril tests. Thirty-eight out of 54 patients were included into an open comparative cross-over two-group study, being administered eprosartan or enalapril. Antihypertensive effect was assessed after 8 weeks of treatment, by office blood pressure (BP) levels and 24-hour BP monitoring (BMP) results. Results. Basic criteria for identifying leading AT II synthesis pathway were proposed: antihypertensive reaction type in captopril test and baseline level of plasma chymase activity. Assessing eprosartan and enalapril treatment efficacy, it turned out that both agents had significant, similar antihypertensive effects, with eprosartan’s dominating influence on pulse BP. Eprosartan therapy was more effective in low-renin AH patients. Enalapril was less effective than eprosartan in patients with alternative, chymase-dependent pathway of AT II synthesis. Conclusion. Leading pathways of AT II synthesis in AH patients might be BP reduction in captopril test and baseline level of plasma chymase activity. Eprosartan therapy was more effective in low-renin and severe AH, that might be linked to its effects on alternative pathway of AT II synthesis.

Aim. To study the effects of various risk factors (RF) and circadian blood pressure profile (BPP) on pathogenesis of various ischemic stroke (S) subtypes. Material and methods. In total, 60 ischemic stroke patients aged 38-68 years were examined. All participants underwent 24-hour BP monitoring (BPM). Results. Arterial hypertension (AH) was diagnosed in all participants. AH crises were more frequent in patients with lacunar S subtype. By night BP decrease, 36.6% of the patients were identified as dippers, 50% - non-dippers, 6.6% - night-peakers, and 6.67% - over-dippers. Too low and too great BP decline (non-dippers, over-dippers) were RF for atherotrombotic, cardioembolic, and lacunar S. Maximal speed of morning BP surge was typical for patients with lacunar S, non-dippers, and over-dippers. Conclusion. Ischemic S usually happened in the morning; lacunar S developed significantly more often at 4-10 am. In males, the most important risk factor was age, in females Р compromised family history, and left ventricular hypertrophy. Circadian BPP disturbances were RF for various S subtypes.

Aim. To elucidate relationships brain-heart in hemorrhagic stroke depending on the size and location of hematoma and initial state of the heart. Material and methods. Clinical and paraclinical methods were used in acute and rehabilitation periods in 160 patients with hemorrhagic stroke. Results. Symptoms of cerebrocardial syndrome in hemorrhagic stroke include arrhythmias (tachycardia, bradycardia, extrasystole, cardiac fibrillation, sick sinus syndrome), blocks (transient bundlebranch block), myocardial dystrophy, in 1HD - ischemic myocardial disorders up to subendocardial myocardial infarction. Its severity in massive hemispherical hematomas was due to compression of the brain trunk. Conclusion. Pathogenesis of cerebrocardial syndrome rests on impaired central autonomic regulation occurring in stroke.