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This study focuses on the psychological characteristics and empirically tests of the factors influencing distracted driving behaviours. This information is used as a reference for an intervention on dangerous driving behaviours. First, a distracted driving scale is constructed based on the theory of planned behaviour (TPB). The questionnaires are distributed in Chongqing, China, and 321 completed questionnaires are obtained. Data are analyzed using mean-variance analysis, one-way ANOVA, T-test, and multivariate test by SPSS 26.0 to determine the significance of distracted behaviours and demographic variables. We use a structural equation model to determine the path coefficients of each latent variable. Finally, we select the drivers with high tendency of distraction from the results of the questionnaires, conduct a four-stage rational emotional behaviour therapy (REBT) experiment, and use a repeated measures ANOVA analysis to test the validity and persistence of the intervention method. Results show that subjective norm is the most influential psychological factor. There are significant differences between the experimental group (2.38, SD = 0.41) and the control group (2.89, SD = 0.40) in the scores of distractions. This indicates that the distracted behaviour intervention achieves adequate validity and consistency. Educational research on distracted driving behaviour can help identify and correct drivers with high distraction tendency.

To compare the consistency between fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) for the diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy (DR).Ninety-six diabetic patients (185 eyes) treated from January 2019 to December 2019 underwent OCTA and FFA. The image characteristics of fundus lesions were recorded. Sixty-nine patients (137 eyes) who were diagnosed with DR by both examinations and needed to receive panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) were selected. The retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, macular superficial vascular complex (SVC) and deep vascular complex (DVC) blood flow density, 300μm area surrounding foveal avascular zone (FAZ) (FD300) blood flow density and FAZ parameters were compared.The Kappa coefficient of FFA and OCTA for diagnosing DR was 0.537 (P=0.000). FFA and OCTA had substantial consistency for detecting retinal microaneurysms and macular edema (Kappa coefficient=0.643/0.616, P=0.000), perfect consistency for detecting retinal neovascularization and retinal non-perfusion area (Kappa coefficient=0.809/0.832, P=0.000), and moderate consistency for detecting structural changes in the macular ring (Kappa coefficient=0.423, P=0.000). The RNFL thickness in the peripapillary and the superior temporal, temporal inferior, inferior nasal and superior nasal regions rose 1 week after PRP but declined 1 year after treatment (P0.05). The macular SVC, DVC and FD300 blood flow density declined 1 week after PRP but rose 1 year after treatment (P0.05).OCTA shows consistency with FFA for diagnosing DR, which remedies the deficiency of FFA. The reduction in fundus lesions after PRP can be quantified by OCTA.

Objectives To explore the molecular mechanisms underlying aggressive progression of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma and identify potential biomarkers. Methods Samples were collected and sequenced using tandem mass tag-labeled liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified and further analyzed using Mfuzz and protein–protein interaction analysis (PPI). Parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were performed to validate the DEPs. Results Five thousand, two hundred and three DEPs were identified and quantified from the tumor/normal comparison group or the N1/N0 comparison group. Mfuzz analysis showed that clusters of DEPs were enriched according to progressive status, followed by normal tissue, tumors without lymphatic metastases, and tumors with lymphatic metastases. Analysis of PPI revealed that DEPs interacted with and were enriched in the following metabolic pathways: apoptosis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, PI3K-Akt pathway, cholesterol metabolism, pyruvate metabolism, and thyroid hormone synthesis. In addition, 18 of the 20 target proteins were successfully validated with PRM and IHC in another 20 paired validation samples. Based on machine learning, the five proteins that showed the best performance in discriminating between tumor and normal nodules were PDLIM4, ANXA1, PKM, NPC2, and LMNA. FN1 performed well in discriminating between patients with lymph node metastases (N1) and N0 with an AUC of 0.690. Finally, five validated DEPs showed a potential prognostic role after examining The Cancer Genome Atlas database: FN1, IDH2, VDAC1, FABP4, and TG. Accordingly, a nomogram was constructed whose concordance index was 0.685 (confidence interval: 0.645–0.726). Conclusions PDLIM4, ANXA1, PKM, NPC2, LMNA, and FN1 are potential diagnostic biomarkers. The five-protein nomogram could be a prognostic biomarker.

There is limited research regarding the association between the mFI-5 and postoperative complications among adult spinal deformity (ASD) patients.Using the National Surgical Quality Improvement Project (NSQIP) database, patients with Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes for 7-level fusion or 7-level fusion with International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) codes for ASD were identified between 2008 and 2016. Univariate analyses with post-hoc Bonferroni correction for demographics and preoperative factors were performed. Logistic regression assessed associations between mFI-5 scores and 30-day post-operative outcomes.2,120 patients met criteria. Patients with an mFI-5 score of 4 or 5 were excluded, given there were20 patients with those scores. Patients with mFI-5 scores of 1 and 2 had increased 30-day rates of pneumonia (3.5 % and 4.3 % vs 1.6 %), unplanned postoperative ventilation for 48 h (3.1 % and 4.3 % vs 0.9 %), and UTIs (4.4 % and 7.4 % vs 2.0 %) than patients with a score of 0 (all, p 0.05). Logistic regression revealed that compared to an mFI-5 of 0, a score of 1 was an independent predictor of 30-day reoperations (OR = 1.4; 95 % CI 1.1-18). A score of 2 was an independent predictor of overall (OR = 2.4; 95 % CI 1.4-4.1) and related (OR = 2.2; 95 % CI 1.2-4.1) 30-day readmissions. A score of 3 was not predictive of any adverse outcome.The mFI-5 score predicted complications and postoperative events in the ASD population. The mFI-5 may effectively predict 30-day readmissions. Further research is needed to identify the benefits and predictive value of mFI-5 as a risk assessment tool.

To explore the value of preoperative contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) tumour texture characteristics, and clinical and laboratory parameters on the prognosis of curative resection for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).This retrospective study included 64 patients (34 men and 30 women) with NSCLC who underwent curative resection and were then followed up for 5 years or until death. Preoperative contrast-enhanced CT images, clinical features, and laboratory parameters were collected for these patients. CT texture features of the primary tumour before surgery were extracted from the contrast-enhanced CT images using ImageJ software. Based on the cut-off values determined by X-tile software, the preoperative CT texture features, clinical features, and laboratory parameters were divided into two groups. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and log-rank tests were used to compare the 5-year overall survival (OS) of patients. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to determine the independent factors influencing the prognosis.The mean survival was 51.5 months. Tumour volume, entropy, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), prognostic nutritional index (PNI), and albumin-to-globulin ratio (AGR) were shown to be significantly associated with 5-year OS (p0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that entropy was the independent factor of prognosis (hazard ratio 4.375, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.646-11.620, p=0.003).Entropy is an important and potentially non-invasive imaging biomarker for predicting the prognosis of NSCLC undergoing curative resection.

Patients with tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) often suffer from irreversible height loss due to vertebral deformity. However, the prevalence of vertebral deformity in TIO patients varies among limited studies. In addition, the distribution and type of vertebral deformity, as well as its risk factors, remain unknown. This study aimed to identify the prevalence, distribution, type and risk factors for vertebral deformity in a large cohort of TIO patients.A total of 164 TIO patients were enrolled in this retrospective study. Deformity in vertebrae T4-L4 by lateral thoracolumbar spine radiographs was evaluated according to the semiquantitative method of Genant. Bone microstructure was evaluated by trabecular bone score (TBS) and high-resolution peripheral QCT (HR-pQCT).Ninety-nine (99/164, 60.4%) patients had 517 deformed vertebrae with a bimodal pattern of distribution (T7-9 and T11-L1), and biconcave deformity was the most common type (267/517, 51.6%). Compared with patients without vertebral deformity, those with vertebral deformity had a higher male/female ratio, longer disease duration, more height loss, lower serum phosphate, higher bone turnover markers, lower TBS, lower areal bone mineral density (aBMD), lower peripheral volumetric BMD (vBMD) and worse microstructure. Lower trabecular vBMD and worse trabecular microstructure in the peripheral bone and lower spine TBS were associated with an increased risk of vertebral deformity independently of aBMD. After adjusting for the number of deformed vertebrae, we found little difference in clinical indexes among the patients with different types of vertebral deformity. However, we found significant correlations of clinical indexes with the number of deformed vertebrae and the spinal deformity index.We reported a high prevalence of vertebral deformity in the largest cohort of TIO patients and described the vertebral deformity in detail for the first time. Risk factors for vertebral deformity included male sex, long disease duration, height loss, abnormal biochemical indexes and bone impairment. Clinical manifestation, biochemical indexes and bone impairment were correlated with the number of deformed vertebrae and degree of deformity, but not the type of deformity.

To study the command and control system in an island air defence system under the background of systemic conflict, this paper proposes a new modelling method based on the opinion dynamics leader-follower model to simulate the target threat assessment process in the command and control activities. Through example simulation, it is obtained that in a centralised command and control system, a command post (CP)-led model can provide the most accurate threat assessment results, but it consumes a longer time. While in a distributed command and control system, a model without a leader can provide a target threat value accurately and quickly. The consistency of simulation results and actual situation indicates that, at present, under a high degree of battlefield information sharing, it is necessary to down-pass the authority of the CP to improve operational efficiency. In summary, the proposed model can comprehensively reflect the process that the island air defence system assesses the threat of an attacking target, and it gives a new idea for investigating the command and control procedure and system of the island air defence system.

Objective: To describe the heterogeneity of electrodiagnostic (EDx) studies in Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) patients collected as part of the International GBS Outcome Study (IGOS). Methods: Prospectively collected clinical and EDx data were available in 957 IGOS patients from 115 centers. Only the first EDx study was included in the current analysis. Results: Median timing of the EDx study was 7 days (interquartile range 4-11) from symptom onset. Methodology varied between centers, countries and regions. Reference values from the responding 103 centers were derived locally in 49%, from publications in 37% and from a combination of these in the remaining 15%. Amplitude measurement in the EDx studies (baseline-to-peak or peak-to-peak) differed from the way this was done in the reference values, in 22% of motor and 39% of sensory conduction. There was marked variability in both motor and sensory reference values, although only a few outliers accounted for this. Conclusions: Our study showed extensive variation in the clinical practice of EDx in GBS patients among IGOS centers across the regions. Significance: Besides EDx variation in GBS patients participating in IGOS, this diversity is likely to be present in other neuromuscular disorders and centers. This underlines the need for standardization of EDx in future multinational GBS studies.(c) 2022 International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

In this paper, we first obtained the temporal-spatial changes of surface subsidence in Ganzhou area based on SBAS-InSAR technology using 24 scenes Sentine-1A images covering the Ganzhou area from 2018 to 2020. Then we studied the surface subsidence characteristics in the study area. Finally, the relationship between surface subsidence and factors such as precipitation, human engineering activities, groundwater extraction, and sediment accumulation were analyzed in Ganzhou area. The results showed that : 80% of the sedimentation rate was −5.4–3.0 mm/a in the study area; serious subsidence areas were mainly located in Ganxian District, which annual average subsidence rate reached −26.4mm/a, and the time series of surface subsidence was accompanied by certain seasonal changes; the seasonal changes in surface subsidence were related to rainfall and groundwater extraction, in addition, the surface subsidence was obviously affected by human engineering activities and river sediment accumulation.

In this paper, based on the 24 scenes Sentinel-1A images covering the Beibu Gulf region from 2018 to 2020, we used the PSInSAR technique to obtain the surface subsidence information in the study area and analyzed the surface subsidence spatial-temporal characteristics. The results showed that (1) The subsidence rate of most subsidence areas in Beibu Gulf is from −10.0 mm/year to −1.1 mm/year. And most of the subsidence areas are located in the coastal areas in the south of the study area. The distribution was obvious, and the maximum subsidence rate can reach −17.2 mm/a. However, the subsidence areas of villages and towns located in Qinzhou in the north and inland of the study area are relatively stable. (2) Subsidence was mainly concentrated in Yinhai District, Haicheng District, Tieshan Port District and Fangcheng District of Fangchenggang in Beihai City. The annual average Subsidence range from −10.0 mm/year to −1.1 mm/year. Among them, the Tieshan Port area and Fangcheng District had obvious subsidence trends, with the maximum cumulative subsidence reaching −35.9 mm. (3) The spatial-temporal characteristics of wide-area surface subsidence and the relationship between surface subsidence and influencing factors in the Beibu Gulf region were determined.

The effects of microalgae Chlorella pyrenoidosaon the hybrid groupers’ (Epinephelus lanceolatus♂×E. fuscoguttatus♀) growth, gut microbiome and transcriptome were examined in this study. Feeding trials with duration of 15-days (15d) and 60-days (60d) were conducted on three experimental groups (n=3) as follow; (T1) grouper fed with basal diet and reared in filtered seawater (control treatment), (T2) grouper fed with basal diet and reared in C. pyrenoidosa monoculture water and (T3) grouper fed with basal diet partially replaced with 15% of dried C. pyrenoidosa (CRM) and reared in filtered seawater. The findings revealed that groupers reared 15d in T2 treatment (T2-15d) had a higher fat content, with apparent shift of microbial composition and functional pathways in the gut. Groupers reared 60d in T2 treatment (T2-60d) displayed an increased NADH dehydrogenases and cytochrome c oxidases gene expression, indicating more robust oxidative phosphorylation activity and ATP production crucial for the metabolic homeostasis. The reduction in the total amino acid content was also detected in groupers raised in T2-60d. Gastritis, enteritis and lipid malabsorption syndrome were observed in groupers raised 60d in T3 treatment (T3-60d), with the condition likely due to a higher intake of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids ratio in grouper raised 15 days in T3 (T3-15d) and T3-60d. This result indicated that grouper intestinal inflammation could arise from the inclusion of dried C. pyrenoidosa. Overall, the study outcomes demonstrated that introducing live C. pyrenoidosa to the culture water is advantageous in the digestion and enhance the energy metabolism of juvenile groupers.