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1. Histogram Anomaly Time Series: A Compact Graphical Representation of Spatial Time Series Data Sets

Author

Gerald L. Potter, George J. Huffman, Michael G. Bosilovich, J. Hertz, L. Carriere, and David T. Bolvin

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, Series (mathematics), business.industry, Computer science, Histogram, Representation (systemics), Pattern recognition, Artificial intelligence, Anomaly (physics), Time series, business
Abstract

We introduce a simple method for detecting changes, both transient and persistent, in reanalysis and merged satellite products due to both natural climate variability and changes to the data sources/analyses used as input. This note demonstrates this Histogram Anomaly Time Series (HATS) method using tropical ocean daily precipitation from MERRA-2 and from GPCP One-Degree Daily (1DD) precipitation estimates. Rather than averaging over space or time, we create a time series display of histograms for each increment of data (such as a day or month). Regional masks such as land–ocean can be used to isolate particular domains. While the histograms reveal subtle structures in the time series, we can amplify the signal by computing the histogram’s anomalies from its climatological seasonal cycle. The qualitative analysis provided by this scheme can then form the basis for more quantitative analyses of specific features, both real and analysis induced. As an example, in the tropical oceans the analysis clearly identifies changes in the time series of both reanalysis and observations that may be related to changing inputs.

Published
2020
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2. Enabling Reanalysis Research Using the Collaborative Reanalysis Technical Environment (CREATE)

Author

Michael G. Bosilovich, Judith A. Hertz, Dean N. Williams, Gerald L. Potter, Daniel Duffy, L. Carriere, and Tsengdar J. Lee

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, Coupled model intercomparison project, Multiple data, Service (systems architecture), 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Computer science, 0208 environmental biotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Data science, Repackaging, 020801 environmental engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

This paper describes the repackaging and consistent distribution of the world’s major atmospheric and oceanic reanalyses. It also presents examples of the usefulness of examining multiple reanalyses. This service will make it much easier for anybody using reanalysis to access multiple datasets using an approach similar to that of phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). Experienced users as well as students will find the standardized formatted data convenient to use.

Published
2018
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3. Does parity matter in women's risk of dementia? A COSMIC collaboration cohort study

Author

Bae, J.B. Lipnicki, D.M. Han, J.W. Sachdev, P.S. Kim, T.H. Kwak, K.P. Kim, B.J. Kim, S.G. Kim, J.L. Moon, S.W. Park, J.H. Ryu, S.-H. Youn, J.C. Lee, D.Y. Lee, D.W. Lee, S.B. Lee, J.J. Jhoo, J.H. Llibre-Rodriguez, J.J. Llibre-Guerra, J.J. Valhuerdi-Cepero, A.J. Ritchie, K. Ancelin, M.-L. Carriere, I. Skoog, I. Najar, J. Sterner, T.R. Scarmeas, N. Yannakoulia, M. Dardiotis, E. Meguro, K. Kasai, M. Nakamura, K. Riedel-Heller, S. Roehr, S. Pabst, A. Van Boxtel, M. Köhler, S. Ding, D. Zhao, Q. Liang, X. Scazufca, M. Lobo, A. De-La-Cámara, C. Lobo, E. Kim, K.W. Makkar, S.R. Crawford, J.D. Thalamuthu, A. Kochan, N.A. Leung, Y. Lo, J.W. Turana, Y. Castro-Costa, E. Larijani, B. Nabipour, I. Rockwood, K. Shifu, X. Lipton, R.B. Katz, M.J. Preux, P.-M. Guerchet, M. Lam, L. Ninimiya, T. Walker, R. Hendrie, H. Guaita, A. Chen, L.-K. Shahar, S. Dominguez, J. Krishna, M. Ganguli, M. Anstey, K.J. Crowe, M. Haan, M.N. Kumagai, S. Ng, T.P. Brodaty, H. Mayeux, R. Schupf, N. Petersen, R. Lipton, R. Lowe, E.S. Jorm, L.

Subjects
mental disorders
Abstract

Background: Dementia shows sex difference in its epidemiology. Childbirth, a distinctive experience of women, is associated with the risk for various diseases. However, its association with the risk of dementia in women has rarely been studied. Methods: We harmonized and pooled baseline data from 11 population-based cohorts from 11 countries over 3 continents, including 14,792 women aged 60 years or older. We investigated the association between parity and the risk of dementia using logistic regression models that adjusted for age, educational level, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and cohort, with additional analyses by region and dementia subtype. Results: Across all cohorts, grand multiparous (5 or more childbirths) women had a 47% greater risk of dementia than primiparous (1 childbirth) women (odds ratio [OR] = 1.47, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.10-1.94), while nulliparous (no childbirth) women and women with 2 to 4 childbirths showed a comparable dementia risk to primiparous women. However, there were differences associated with region and dementia subtype. Compared to women with 1 to 4 childbirths, grand multiparous women showed a higher risk of dementia in Europe (OR = 2.99, 95% CI = 1.38-6.47) and Latin America (OR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.04-2.12), while nulliparous women showed a higher dementia risk in Asia (OR = 2.15, 95% CI = 1.33-3.47). Grand multiparity was associated with 6.9-fold higher risk of vascular dementia in Europe (OR = 6.86, 95% CI = 1.81-26.08), whereas nulliparity was associated with a higher risk of Alzheimer disease (OR = 1.91, 95% CI 1.07-3.39) and non-Alzheimer non-vascular dementia (OR = 3.47, 95% CI = 1.44-8.35) in Asia. Conclusion: Parity is associated with women's risk of dementia, though this is not uniform across regions and dementia subtypes. © 2020 The Author(s).

Published
2020

4. Distributed Resources for the Earth System Grid Advanced Management (DREAM)

Author

Robert Ferraro, Steve Petruzza, Sasha Ames, Valerio Pascucci, L. Cinquini, Venkatramani Balaji, Giorgio Scorzelli, Aparna Radhakrishnan, L. Carriere, Jason Jerome Boutte, Thomas Maxwell, and Ghaleb Abdulla

Subjects
Computer science, Emerging technologies, business.industry, Component (UML), Scalability, Containerization, Cloud computing, Earth System Grid, Architecture, business, Software engineering, Visualization
Abstract

The DREAM project was funded more than 3 years ago to design and implement a next-generation ESGF (Earth System Grid Federation [1]) architecture which would be suitable for managing and accessing data and services resources on a distributed and scalable environment. In particular, the project intended to focus on the computing and visualization capabilities of the stack, which at the time were rather primitive. At the beginning, the team had the general notion that a better ESGF architecture could be built by modularizing each component, and redefining its interaction with other components by defining and exposing a well defined API. Although this was still the high level principle that guided the work, the DREAM project was able to accomplish its goals by leveraging new practices in IT that started just about 3 or 4 years ago: the advent of containerization technologies (specifically, Docker), the development of frameworks to manage containers at scale (Docker Swarm and Kubernetes), and their application to the commercial Cloud. Thanks to these new technologies, DREAM was able to improve the ESGF architecture (including its computing and visualization services) to a level of deployability and scalability beyond the original expectations.

Published
2019
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6. Big Data Challenges in Climate Science: Improving the next-generation cyberinfrastructure

Author

Glenn S. Tamkin, Pamela Rinsland, W. Phillip Webster, Paul Ramirez, Christopher Lynnes, Gerald L. Potter, Dean N. Williams, Chris A. Mattmann, Tsengdar J. Lee, M. McInerney, Luca Cinquini, Duane E. Waliser, L. Carriere, John L. Schnase, Daniel Duffy, and Andrew F. Hart

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, General Computer Science, Computer science, business.industry, Big data, Climate change, 020207 software engineering, Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Data science, Cyberinfrastructure, Analytics, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Community Climate System Model, Climate model, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Earth System Grid, business, Instrumentation, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

The knowledge we gain from research in climate science depends on the generation, dissemination, and analysis of high-quality data. This work comprises technical practice as well as social practice, both of which are distinguished by their massive scale and global reach. As a result, the amount of data involved in climate research is growing at an unprecedented rate. Some examples of the types of activities that increasingly require an improved cyberinfrastructure for dealing with large amounts of critical scientific data are climate model intercomparison (CMIP) experiments; the integration of observational data and climate reanalysis data with climate model outputs, as seen in the Observations for Model Intercomparison Projects (Obs4MIPs), Analysis for Model Intercomparison Projects (Ana4MIPs), and Collaborative Reanalysis Technical Environment-Intercomparison Project (CREATE-IP) activities; and the collaborative work of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). This article provides an overview of some of climate science's big data problems and the technical solutions being developed to advance data publication, climate analytics as a service, and interoperability within the Earth System Grid Federation (ESGF), which is the primary cyberinfrastructure currently supporting global climate research activities.

Published
2016
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7. The Earth Data Analytic Services (EDAS) Framework

Author

L. Carriere, Thomas Maxwell, Gerald L. Potter, and Daniel Duffy

Subjects
Computer science, business.industry, Big data, Volume (computing), EDAS, business, Data science
Abstract

Faced with unprecedented growth in earth data volume and demand, NASA has developed the Earth Data Analytic Services (EDAS) framework, a high performance big data analytics and machine learning fra...

Published
2019
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8. Perioperative Hypothermia (33°C) Does Not Increase the Occurrence of Cardiovascular Events in Patients Undergoing Cerebral Aneurysm Surgery

Author

D. Chartrand, Michael Beven, C. Salem, W. Burnett, S. Jackson, G. Downey, Michael T. Lawton, S. Lownie, R. Tack, E. Dy, Tord D. Alden, David R. McIlroy, Lis Evered, K. Lukitto, L. Kirby, Thomas A. Moore, R. Popovic, N. Robertson, Patrick W. Hitchon, A. Ashtari, R. Elbe, N. F. Kassell, D. Dulli, A. Wyss, G. Ghazali, S. Rice, Gavin W. Britz, P. Bennett, Karen B. Domino, A. Shahen, D. Dehring, Robert Greif, Argye E. Hillis, L. Meng, D. Fishback, Fred Gentili, Mark Buckland, B. Schaefer, H. Madder, C. Weasler, Anish Bhardwaj, E. Thomson, Ramez W. Kirollos, Basil F. Matta, Kevin H. Siu, H. Machlin, W. Pfisterer, A. Freymuth, N. Badner, R. Wilson, R. Grauer, Zhiyi Zuo, A. McAllister, Z. Sha, A. Rushton, D. Hill, William T. Clarke, L. Jensen, G. Heard, L. Clark, D. Chatfield, J. Haartsen, Jing Wang, S. Nobles, Renee Testa, P. D'Urso, Hossam El-Beheiry, David J. Stone, James C. Torner, Michael J. Souter, A. Meyer, Marek A. Mirski, Marlan R. Hansen, W. Jenkins, L. Pobereskin, J. Walkes, M. Quigley, R. Struthers, James H McMahon, Howard A. Riina, Behnam Badie, P. Heppner, Simon Jones, R. Silbergleit, Thomas N. Pajewski, T. Broderick, Katherine Harris, P. Smythe, N. Duggal, J. Quaedackers, J. Mason, P. E. Bickler, P. McNeill, V. Roelfsema, I. Gibmeier, C. Chambers, H. Gramke, D. Campbell, T. Novick, O. Moise, J. Woletz, Lorri A. Lee, H. Van Aken, Adrian W. Gelb, A. Kane, B. Rapf, Martin S. Angst, S. Shaikh, D. Sirhan, C. Miller, B. Hodkinson, D. Leggett, F. Johnson, Harry J. M. Lemmens, M. Langley, Y. Young, Jeffrey V. Rosenfeld, C. Moy, W. Hamm, C. Hall, G. Henry, R. Burnstein, Lisa Hannegan, A. Buchmann, R. Schatzer, Bruce P. Hermann, John E. McGillicuddy, Bruno Giordani, John C. VanGilder, Keith H. Berge, D. Sage, L. Sternau, N. Page, Marc R. Mayberg, B Thompson, T. Hartman, Laurel E. Moore, S. Bhatia, Richard A. Jaffe, G. Seever, D. Cowie, Jonathan G. Zaroff, C. Duffy, Deborah A. Rusy, Elana Farace, H R Winn, Paul H. Ting, R. Spinka, J. Marler, Patricia H. Petrozza, S. Harding, Lauren C. Berkow, E. Cunningham, D. Bisnaire, D. Wilhite, P. Blanton, S. Laurent, O. Odukoya, Issam A. Awad, P. Chery, C. Lind, B. Bauer, D. Lindholm, K. Kieburtz, J. Ormrod, Michael P. Murphy, Timothy G. Short, Y. Painchaud, R. Peters, Peter C. Whitfield, D. Bain, B. Hindman, A. Shelton, A. Morris, D. Milovan, L. Salvia, William L. Young, S. Wallace, W. Lilley, H. Yi, R. Chelliah, David W. Newell, R. Deam, John Laidlaw, P. Mak, J. Woelfer, K. Graves, Peter M. C. Wright, D. Van Alstine, M. Hemstreet, Phillip A. Scott, Steven D. Chang, S. Poustie, M. Clausen, I. Herrick, Daniel H. Kim, Vladimir Zelman, John L.D. Atkinson, Marcel E. Durieux, Alessandro Olivi, G. Smith, James R. Munis, F. Vasarhelyi, S. Olson, C. Greiner, C. Hoenemann, G. Kleinpeter, J. Kish, Daniel K. Resnick, J. Lang, Dhanesh K. Gupta, E. Knosp, N. Monteiro de Oliveira, D. Moskopp, Carin A. Hagberg, J. Howell, Klaus Hahnenkamp, Gregory M. Davis, T. Phan, Paul S. Myles, C. Beven, F. Salevsky, Maria Matuszczak, E. Mee, David L. Bogdonoff, P. Berklayd, J. Freyhoff, P. Tanzi, A. Law, Barbara A. Dodson, Z. Thayer, R. Govindaraj, Alex Konstantatos, Ralph F. Frankowski, Pirjo H. Manninen, David G. Piepgras, K. Willmann, E. Babayan, Donald S. Prough, Leslie C. Jameson, John A. Wilson, Mary Pat McAndrews, M. Abou-Madi, Steven S. Glazier, Vincent C. Traynelis, Derek A. Taggard, Fredric B. Meyer, C. Bradfield, Hoang P. Nguyen, Mary L. Marcellus, J. Ogden, M. Maleki, M. Lotto, Michael A. Olympio, C. Merhaut, D. Nye, K. Webb, Richard Leblanc, Nichol McBee, William L. Lanier, A. Molnar, Peter J. Lennarson, S. Wadanamby, H. Hulbert, Christopher R. Turner, H. Fraley, Kevin K. Tremper, Sesto Cairo, J. Shafer, J. Krugh, D. Blair, L. Coghlan, P. Schmid, K. O'Brien, K. Littlewood, T. Anderson, R. Eliazo, S. Wirtz, Carol B. Applebury, Jennifer O. Hunt, S. Hickenbottom, Hendrik Freise, Gary D. Steinberg, M. Woodfield, Robert J. Dempsey, Kirk J. Hogan, M. Harrison, H. Stanko, Teresa Bell-Stephens, N. Merah, T. Blount, J. Sanders, J. Biddulph, Tsutomu Sasaki, F. Mensink, P. Balestrieri, Lisa D. Ravdin, H. Lohmann, M. Todd, James Gebel, Lawrence Litt, Christoph Schul, B. White, Bradley J. Hindman, S. Salerno, A. James, D. Manke, Mvon Lewinski, D. Luu, Michael M. Todd, A. Drnda, S. Salsbury, J. Palmisano, L. Connery, Michael Tymianski, E. Tuffiash, Cynthia A. Lien, R. Sawyer, A. Sills, D. Sinclair, J. Bramhall, Ira J. Rampil, David M. Colonna, M. Geraghty, Steven W. Anderson, V. Petty, S. Pai, J. Sheehan, S. Black, K. English, N. Scurrah, Diana G. McGregor, P. Davies, P. Doyle-Pettypiece, H. Bone, Neal J. Naff, M. Lenaerts, James Mitchell, K. Pedersen, Matthew A. Howard, M. Angliss, Daniel Tranel, Bongin Yoo, M. Irons, Emine O. Bayman, C. Skilbeck, Nicholas G. Bircher, Wendy C. Ziai, S. Micallef, Chuanyao Tong, Kathryn Chaloner, Mark T. Wallace, John Moloney, Gavin Fabinyi, P. Sutton, Edward C. Nemergut, Elizabeth Richardson, C. McCleary, M. Graf, Mrinalini Balki, P. Porter, James J. Evans, A. Prabhu, L. Kim, R. Hendrickson, A. Dashfield, V. Portman, Michel T. Torbey, J. Kruger, Donna L. Auer, J. Sorenson, Patricia H. Davis, John A. Walker, M. Mosier, H. Smith, J. Heidler, Andrew Silvers, P. Fogarty-Mack, William F. Chandler, F. Shutway, F. Rasulo, S. Alatakis, Stephen Samples, A. Wray, Henry H. Woo, John A. Ulatowski, Steven L. Giannotta, D. Chandrasekara, J. Sturm, S. Crump, Peter A. Rasmussen, Max R. Trenerry, D. Novy, Wink S. Fisher, N. Quinnine, F. Bardenhagen, M. Angle, W. Ng, G. Ferguson, A. Blackwell, Christopher M. Loftus, James H. Fitzpatrick, David S. Warner, E. Tuerkkan, W. Kutalek, Ferenc E. Gyulai, D. Daly, Helen Fletcher, J. Smith, Mazen A. Maktabi, Howard Yonas, J. Sneyd, M. Menhusen, Johnny E. Brian, K. Smith, R. Watson, T. Weber, D. Greene-Chandos, M. Wichman, Peter Szmuk, J. Birrell, Pekka Talke, J. Jane, L. Atkins, J. Smart, T. Han, B. O'Brien, R. Mattison, Bermans J. Iskandar, J. Ridgley, S. Dalrymple, L. Lindsey, D. Anderson, Julie B. Weeks, M. Felmlee-Devine, P. Deshmukh, D. Ellegala, L. Moss, A. Mathur, F. Lee, F. Sasse, H. Macgregor, R. Peterson, Margaret R. Weglinski, Karen Lane, Daniele Rigamonti, L. Carriere, Mark Wilson, R. Morgan, T. Costello, C. Thien, Arthur M. Lam, H. Bybee, C. Salmond, Robert E. Breeze, Peter Karzmark, Monica S. Vavilala, S. Yantha, Philip E. Stieg, Guy L. Clifton, Kenneth Manzel, D. Papworth, Rafael J. Tamargo, Rosemary A. Craen, Harold P. Adams, B. Radziszewska, Y. Kuo, Satwant K. Samra, B. Frankel, R. Fry, T. Cunningham, M. Mosa, M. McTaggart, F. Steinman, Alex Abou-Chebl, Michael J. Link, Rona G. Giffard, N. Lapointe, C. Meade, Robert F. Bedford, J. Cormack, Robert P. From, J. Reynolds, Paul A. Leonard, K. Quader, N. Subhas, C. Lothaller, S. Ryan, J. Winn, H. Brors, Amin B. Kassam, A. Gelb, J. Zaroff, Gregory M. Malham, A. Redmond, Gordon J. Chelune, J. Findlay, Zeyd Ebrahim, L. Forlano, Mark E. Shaffrey, C. Chase, Peter J. Kirkpatrick, Armin Schubert, L. Koller, Jana E. Jones, P. Li, and B. Chen

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Subarachnoid hemorrhage, Interventional cardiology, business.industry, Vascular disease, Perioperative, Hypothermia, medicine.disease, Preoperative care, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Aneurysm, Anesthesia, Anesthesiology, Medicine, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract

Background Perioperative hypothermia has been reported to increase the occurrence of cardiovascular complications. By increasing the activity of sympathetic nervous system, perioperative hypothermia also has the potential to increase cardiac injury and dysfunction associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Methods The Intraoperative Hypothermia for Aneurysm Surgery Trial randomized patients undergoing cerebral aneurysm surgery to intraoperative hypothermia (n = 499, 33.3 degrees +/- 0.8 degrees C) or normothermia (n = 501, 36.7 degrees +/- 0.5 degrees C). Cardiovascular events (hypotension, arrhythmias, vasopressor use, myocardial infarction, and others) were prospectively followed until 3-month follow-up and were compared in hypothermic and normothermic patients. A subset of 62 patients (hypothermia, n = 33; normothermia, n = 29) also had preoperative and postoperative (within 24 h) measurement of cardiac troponin-I and echocardiography to explore the association between perioperative hypothermia and subarachnoid hemorrhage-associated myocardial injury and left ventricular function. Results There was no difference between hypothermic and normothermic patients in the occurrence of any single cardiovascular event or in composite cardiovascular events. There was no difference in mortality (6%) between groups, and there was only a single primary cardiovascular death (normothermia). There was no difference between hypothermic and normothermic patients in postoperative versus preoperative left ventricular regional wall motion or ejection fraction. Compared with preoperative values, hypothermic patients had no postoperative increase in cardiac troponin-I (median change 0.00 microg/l), whereas normothermic patients had a small postoperative increase (median change + 0.01 microg/l, P = 0.038). Conclusion In patients undergoing cerebral aneurysm surgery, perioperative hypothermia was not associated with an increased occurrence of cardiovascular events.

Published
2010
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9. Polyphase speleogenesis in Lick Creek Cave, Little Belt Mountains, Montana, USA

Author

Hans G. Machel, John C. Hopkins, and Kevin L. Carriere

Subjects
geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Geochemistry, Tournaisian, Paleontology, Cave popcorn, Cave, Geochemistry and Petrology, Carboniferous, Breccia, Meteoric water, Economic Geology, Speleogenesis, Geology, Phreatic
Abstract

Lick Creek Cave in northern Montana (USA) is hosted in limestones of the Lower Carboniferous Madison Group near Tiger Butte, an Eocene quartz–syenite porphyry intrusive dome. The cave is located within the zone of contact metamorphism of the dome, which crops out ∼ 300 m from the cave entrance. The cave consists of two genetically distinct cave systems separated by a fracture zone: (1) a ∼ 80 × 50 m dome-shaped cavern in breccias of a Carboniferous paleocave, and (2) anastomosing conduits ∼ 2–10 m across, parallel to the bedding of the Madison Group and extending 100 m up dip to the present cave entrance. The conduits are further subdivided into a tectonised and a maze zone and are variably decorated in several combinations by phreatic isopachous calcite spar cements, with crystals up to several cm long, and with vadose speleothems, including stalactite–stalagmite pairs, flowstone, corallite (cave popcorn), and moonmilk. Our database is comprised of field survey, thin section, XRD, and SEM observations along with 118 δ 18 O/ δ 13 C analyses and 27 87 Sr/ 86 Sr measurements from samples of county rock and speleothems. The limestone matrix samples with the heaviest δ 18 O/ δ 13 C ratios are interpreted as the least recrystallised proxy to Tournaisian seawater. Stable isotope data from other Carboniferous limestones, including paleocave breccias, follow a regional meteoric pathway established elsewhere in the Madison for the Late Carboniferous transition from greenhouse to icehouse conditions. Isopachous calcite spar cements from the conduit zone are interpreted as the result of late-stage, Eocene hydrothermal fluid circulation. Stalactite–stalagmite pairs, flowstone, corallite, and moonmilk carry a signature similar to modern or Quaternary high-alpine meteoric water. Previous workers have determined separate hydrothermal and meteoric δ 18 O/ δ 13 C stable isotope fields for speleothems in caves in Carboniferous limestones from the Black Hills, South Dakota. We re-define the stable isotope ranges for meteoric and magmatic–hydrothermal calcites based on a comparison of stable isotope data from the Little Belt Mountains with those from the Black Hills. We further propose that the hydrothermal calcite end-member δ 18 O composition is around −20‰ PDB, represented by the lowest oxygen isotope values from all data sets, with a corresponding δ 13 C of about −7‰ PDB. Sr-isotope data from speleothems, Carboniferous limestone wall rocks, and from the igneous intrusion itself support the interpretation of an Eocene hydrothermal speleogenic event. The integration of petrographic and geochemical data shows that Lick Creek Cave is the result of polyphase speleogenesis in three major episodes: (1) Middle to Late Carboniferous, (2) Eocene, and (3) (sub-)Recent to Recent. The Carboniferous and (sub-)Recent to Recent speleogenesis appear epigenic, i.e., driven by surface-derived waters, whereas the Eocene event was hypogenic, i.e., driven by ascending hydrothermal waters. Each of the three major speleogenic events probably consisted of two or more distinct “phases”, but our database does not permit these phases to be resolved with certainty.

Published
2010
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10. No Association between Intraoperative Hypothermia or Supplemental Protective Drug and Neurologic Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Temporary Clipping during Cerebral Aneurysm Surgery

Author

John A. Ulatowski, Steven L. Giannotta, J. Sturm, D. Cowie, D. Novy, N. Quinnine, James H. Fitzpatrick, David S. Warner, Ferenc E. Gyulai, D. Daly, S. Rice, H. Machlin, William T. Clarke, Philip E. Bickler, H. Van Aken, M. Langley, M. von Lewinski, G. Kleinpeter, J. Freyhoff, A. Morris, L. Salvia, Peter M. C. Wright, Wolfgang K. Pfisterer, K. English, M. Lenaerts, Nicholas G. Bircher, Simon Jones, L. Jensen, Issam A. Awad, P. Chery, B. Schaefer, S. Wallace, F. Johnson, H. Smith, J. Biddulph, T. Cunningham, N. Monteirode Oliveira, R. Watson, A. McAllister, D. Moskopp, Patricia H. Petrozza, B. Hindman, A. Shelton, D. Manke, F. Steinman, D. Luu, Alex Abou-Chebl, J. Birrell, M. Irons, J. Ridgley, Gavin Fabinyi, S. Alatakis, Basil F. Matta, James J. Evans, A. Prabhu, Rona G. Giffard, H. Gramke, Hendrik Freise, K. Graves, P. Fogarty-Mack, L. Clark, Wink S. Fisher, K. Smith, Renee Testa, P. D'Urso, A. Freymuth, James C. Torner, M. Wallace, R. Struthers, Howard A. Riina, Z. Thayer, Daniel Tranel, E. Knosp, E. Dy, Tord D. Alden, Henry H. Woo, Bruce P. Hermann, John C. VanGilder, Douglas Campbell, N. Lapointe, Gavin W. Britz, J. Sheehan, C. Meade, M. Balki, C. Bradfield, Alessandro Olivi, P. Doyle-Pettypiece, Robert F. Bedford, F. Bardenhagen, M. Angle, Donald S. Prough, John E. McGillicuddy, A. Drnda, M. Abou-Madi, S. Black, David R. McIlroy, Lis Evered, S. Poustie, J. Cormack, J. Sneyd, M. Menhusen, William L. Lanier, M. Maleki, T. Phan, D. Nye, M. Graf, Michael A. Olympio, N. Robertson, Teresa Bell-Stephens, E. Tuerkkan, N. Merah, S. Olson, L. Kirby, L. Moss, Peter Heppner, Thomas A. Moore, J. Bramhall, H. Madder, Christopher R. Turner, H. Fraley, James Mitchell, K. Pedersen, M. Angliss, Robert P. From, Y. Painchaud, Gary D. Steinberg, J. Woelfer, K. Littlewood, T. Anderson, J. Palmisano, M. Clausen, Paul H. Ting, Lisa D. Ravdin, H. Lohmann, R. Burnstein, R. Popovic, T. Hartman, D. Anderson, Julie B. Weeks, H. Macgregor, Kirk J. Hogan, D. Chatfield, Daniel H. Kim, James R. Munis, J. Lang, J. Reynolds, Michael M. Todd, F. Mensink, L. Pobereskin, J. Walkes, Mary Pat McAndrews, A. Sills, Bongin Yoo, P. Balestrieri, S. Micallef, Mary L. Marcellus, J. Wang, Kathryn Chaloner, Patrick W. Hitchon, Paul A. Leonard, C. McCleary, Lawrence Litt, N. Subhas, Wendy C. Ziai, James H McMahon, V. Petty, P. Smythe, G. Heard, Michael J. Souter, R. Hendrickson, A. Dashfield, V. Portman, Edward C. Nemergut, Patricia H. Davis, W. Burnett, M. Lotto, Y. Young, S. Jackson, J. Quaedackers, S. Ryan, Helen Fletcher, A. Ashtari, N. F. Kassell, Anish Bhardwaj, E. Thomson, Ramez W. Kirollos, Margaret R. Weglinski, Karen Lane, Daniele Rigamonti, J. Winn, Bradley J. Hindman, S. Salerno, L. Kim, R. Sawyer, Peter J. Lennarson, S. Wadanamby, Zhiyi Zuo, William F. Chandler, F. Shutway, P. Bennett, C. Merhaut, D. Hill, J. Haartsen, N. Badner, T. Weber, Rafael J. Tamargo, D. Fishback, Rosemary A. Craen, Michel T. Torbey, O. Odukoya, D. Chartrand, J. Jane, Michael T. Lawton, A. Buchmann, Richard A. Jaffe, P. Berklayd, T. Blount, J. Sanders, J. Marler, L. Meng, R. Grauer, Y. Kuo, O. Moise, P. Tanzi, R. Govindaraj, Alex Konstantatos, D. Greene-Chandos, G. Downey, M. Wichman, D. Chandrasekara, Amin B. Kassam, Max R. Trenerry, R. Elbe, A. Wyss, R. Peterson, D. Sirhan, C. Miller, Marek A. Mirski, Stephen Samples, H. Brors, Michael Beven, M. Woodfield, William L. Young, D. Leggett, A. Wray, Karen B. Domino, Robert Greif, Argye E. Hillis, Gary G. Ferguson, Steven S. Glazier, J. Shafer, J. Krugh, I. Gibmeier, G. Ghazali, W. Ng, R. Tack, R. Schatzer, B. O'Brien, Bermans J. Iskandar, B. Bauer, C. Lind, C. Weasler, Michael Tymianski, E. Tuffiash, W. Hamm, C. Hall, L. Sternau, N. Page, Marc R. Mayberg, B Thompson, Richard Leblanc, A. Shahen, Laurel E. Moore, S. Bhatia, Nichol McBee, P. Davies, James Gebel, Cynthia A. Lien, J. Ormrod, David M. Colonna, D. Dehring, A. Rushton, P. Blanton, C. Lothaller, Diana G. McGregor, S. Harding, Lauren C. Berkow, D. Van Alstine, M. Hemstreet, A. Blackwell, Christopher M. Loftus, Klaus Hahnenkamp, J. Woletz, D. Lindholm, K. Kieburtz, M. Geraghty, Steven W. Anderson, D. Dulli, M. McTaggart, Fred Gentili, Johnny E. Brian, R. Peters, C. Greiner, Marlan R. Hansen, W. Jenkins, T. Broderick, Katherine Harris, B. Radziszewska, Maria Matuszczak, David L. Bogdonoff, K. Quader, Pekka Talke, B. Hodkinson, C. Hoenemann, C. Duffy, Deborah A. Rusy, R. Silbergleit, J. Findlay, Gregory M. Davis, J. Ogden, Adrian W. Gelb, A. Kane, Satwant K. Samra, E. Babayan, S. Dalrymple, Harry J. M. Lemmens, Tsutomu Sasaki, Lisa Hannegan, R. Eliazo, B. Frankel, D. Bisnaire, F. Salevsky, Michael J. Link, Jeffrey V. Rosenfeld, D. Sage, D. Sinclair, Keith H. Berge, D. Wilhite, Steven D. Chang, J. Kish, Carin A. Hagberg, Matthew A. Howard, Elizabeth Richardson, Peter C. Whitfield, D. Bain, Barbara A. Dodson, S. Crump, David G. Piepgras, John A. Wilson, David W. Newell, R. Deam, John Laidlaw, K. Willmann, J. Heidler, Vincent C. Traynelis, K. Webb, P. Li, A. Mathur, S. Hickenbottom, S. Wirtz, L. Lindsey, H. Stanko, Mark Wilson, S. Salsbury, L. Connery, Robert J. Dempsey, Edward W. Mee, R. Morgan, Ira J. Rampil, V. Roelfsema, Christoph Schul, B. White, A. James, N. Scurrah, C. Thien, Arthur M. Lam, P. Mak, Behnam Badie, Guy L. Clifton, R. Wilson, J. Kruger, Donna L. Auer, M. Mosier, S. Nobles, David J. Stone, A. Law, Timothy G. Short, W. Lilley, H. Yi, Marcel E. Durieux, Daniel K. Resnick, Dhanesh K. Gupta, Paul S. Myles, C. Beven, Thomas N. Pajewski, J. Mason, P. McNeill, F. Lee, Bruno Giordani, Leslie C. Jameson, G. Seever, Stephen P. Lownie, Fredric B. Meyer, P. Porter, K. O'Brien, Vladimir Zelman, John L.D. Atkinson, A. Molnar, H. Hulbert, S. Pai, Neal J. Naff, S. Shaikh, M. Mosa, Pirjo H. Manninen, Derek A. Taggard, Ian A. Herrick, Mark E. Shaffrey, Carol B. Applebury, C. Chase, Neil Duggal, Mark Buckland, M. Quigley, D. Milovan, Michael J. Harrison, Peter J. Kirkpatrick, Armin Schubert, R. Mattison, Ralph F. Frankowski, R. Chelliah, Jana E. Jones, J. Howell, H. Bone, Emine O. Bayman, P. Deshmukh, C. Skilbeck, P. Sutton, B. Chen, L. Carriere, J. Sorenson, Andrew Silvers, F. Sasse, F. Rasulo, Gordon J. Chelune, Zeyd Ebrahim, L. Forlano, Chuanyao Tong, John Moloney, Michael P. Murphy, S. Yantha, W. Kutalek, Kevin K. Tremper, C. Chambers, Sesto Cairo, Robert E. Breeze, A. Meyer, Monica S. Vavilala, C. Salem, H. El-Beheiry, Gregory M. Malham, A. Redmond, L. Koller, Kenneth Manzel, D. Papworth, C. Moy, G. Henry, Elana Farace, H R Winn, E. Cunningham, B. Rapf, J. Smith, Mazen A. Maktabi, Howard Yonas, D. Ellegala, Kevin H. Siu, Lorri A. Lee, Phillip A. Scott, K. Lukitto, Jennifer O. Hunt, D. Blair, P. Schmid, M. Felmlee-Devine, Peter A. Rasmussen, Peter Szmuk, L. Atkins, J. Smart, T. Han, T. Costello, H. Bybee, C. Salmond, Peter Karzmark, Philip E. Stieg, Harold P. Adams, T. Novick, Z. Sha, Martin S. Angst, S. Laurent, G. Smith, F. Vasarhelyi, R. A. Fry, and John A. Walker

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Vascular disease, Glasgow Outcome Scale, Odds ratio, Hypothermia, medicine.disease, law.invention, Surgery, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Aneurysm, Randomized controlled trial, law, Anesthesia, Anesthesiology, Medicine, medicine.symptom, business, Prospective cohort study
Abstract

Background Although hypothermia and barbiturates improve neurologic outcomes in animal temporary focal ischemia models, the clinical efficacy of these interventions during temporary occlusion of the cerebral vasculature during intracranial aneurysm surgery (temporary clipping) is not established. Methods A post hoc analysis of patients from the Intraoperative Hypothermia for Aneurysm Surgery Trial who underwent temporary clipping was performed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression methods were used to test for associations between hypothermia, supplemental protective drug, and short- (24-h) and long-term (3-month) neurologic outcomes. An odds ratio more than 1 denotes better outcome. Results Patients undergoing temporary clipping (n = 441) were assigned to intraoperative hypothermia (33.3 degrees +/- 0.8 degrees C, n = 208) or normothermia (36.7 degrees +/- 0.5 degrees C, n = 233), with 178 patients also receiving supplemental protective drug (thiopental or etomidate) during temporary clipping. Three months after surgery, 278 patients (63%) had good outcome (Glasgow Outcome Score = 1). Neither hypothermia (P = 0.847; odds ratio = 1.043, 95% CI = 0.678-1.606) nor supplemental protective drug (P = 0.835; odds ratio = 1.048, 95% CI = 0.674-1.631) were associated with 3-month Glasgow Outcome Score. The effect of supplemental protective drug did not significantly vary with temperature. The effects of hypothermia and protective drug did not significantly vary with temporary clip duration. Similar findings were made for 24-h neurologic status and 3-month Neuropsychological Composite Score. Conclusion In the Intraoperative Hypothermia for Aneurysm Surgery Trial, neither systemic hypothermia nor supplemental protective drug affected short- or long-term neurologic outcomes of patients undergoing temporary clipping.

Published
2010
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11. Management Procedure for Establishing a CHP System In Louisiana

Author

Jim Lee, Theodore A. Kozman, and Jeanese L. Carriere

Subjects
Engineering, Cogeneration, Operations research, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, business.industry, Process (engineering), Operations management, Emission inventory, business, Implementation, Environmental quality, General Environmental Science
Abstract

The objective of this research is to determine what permits and regulations are required in Louisiana for CHP implementations. A typical management procedure for the CHP adoption process is developed to provide an in-depth understanding of the difficulty and technical phases of CHP projects. A description of each phase in the procedure is provided. The air permit and utility interconnection procedures are discussed as they pertain to Louisiana. Our research indicates that for air-permitting requirements, all emitted pollutants must be less than 15 tons per year and 5 tons per year per regulated pollutant for exemption. If the facility owner is not exempted, he or she must file an Air Permit Application, Emission Inventory Questionnaire, and Single Source Form with the Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ). The interconnection procedure is initiated with an interconnection request, and the utility provider submits the appropriate application to the owner. After the application is com...

Published
2008
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12. Perioperative fever and outcome in surgical patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage

Author

David G. Piepgras, David R. McIlroy, John A. Wilson, H. Yi, Lis Evered, J. Sheehan, Marcel E. Durieux, Daniel K. Resnick, L. Kirby, M. Abou-Madi, Michael A. Olympio, Dhanesh K. Gupta, Peter Heppner, Thomas A. Moore, Paul S. Myles, S. Wirtz, Richard Leblanc, C. Beven, Robert J. Dempsey, Edward W. Mee, Nichol McBee, P. Davies, V. Roelfsema, Christoph Schul, B. White, Leslie C. Jameson, A. James, R. Popovic, Kirk J. Hogan, Fredric B. Meyer, Klaus Hahnenkamp, Patrick W. Hitchon, L. Clark, M. Geraghty, Qian Shi, R. Struthers, Howard A. Riina, A. Drnda, D. Chartrand, Bradley J. Hindman, S. Salerno, E. Knosp, J. Bramhall, Bruce P. Hermann, A. Ashtari, N. F. Kassell, Steven W. Anderson, Maria Matuszczak, David L. Bogdonoff, B. Schaefer, John C. VanGilder, K. O'Brien, A. McAllister, D. Luu, L. Jensen, Issam A. Awad, P. Chery, S. Wallace, H. Smith, N. Monteirode Oliveira, G. Downey, R. Elbe, A. Wyss, E. Babayan, J. Woletz, H. Gramke, M. Irons, Gavin Fabinyi, O. Odukoya, R. Hendrickson, Vincent C. Traynelis, A. Dashfield, V. Portman, Alessandro Olivi, James J. Evans, A. Prabhu, Peter C. Whitfield, Gary D. Steinberg, S. Rice, H. Machlin, D. Bisnaire, P. Berklayd, G. Kleinpeter, Patricia H. Davis, D. Bain, William F. Chandler, R. Wilson, W. Ng, K. Webb, F. Shutway, D. Manke, W. Pfisterer, K. Smith, M. Mosa, Michael M. Todd, R. Tack, Philip E. Bickler, S. Alatakis, A. Shahen, D. Dehring, David W. Newell, A. Sills, K. Lukitto, Wink S. Fisher, R. Watson, Teresa Bell-Stephens, Donald S. Prough, M. Maleki, D. Nye, M. Graf, S. Nobles, David J. Stone, Hendrik Freise, R. Deam, John Laidlaw, K. Quader, Douglas Campbell, Fred Gentili, S. Hickenbottom, Marlan R. Hansen, W. Jenkins, T. Broderick, Katherine Harris, Gavin W. Britz, M. Langley, Mary Pat McAndrews, Wendy C. Ziai, Behnam Badie, C. Duffy, Deborah A. Rusy, K. Littlewood, T. Anderson, J. Palmisano, H. Stanko, Henry H. Woo, Edward C. Nemergut, C. Bradfield, A. Molnar, John A. Walker, Christina M. Spofford, D. Dulli, A. Kane, J. Birrell, Harry J. M. Lemmens, M. Lotto, Y. Young, J. Biddulph, T. Cunningham, L. Kim, K. Graves, B. Radziszewska, S. Salsbury, Lawrence Litt, S. Black, F. Bardenhagen, M. Angle, L. Connery, Lisa Hannegan, Helen Fletcher, John A. Ulatowski, Steven L. Giannotta, J. Sturm, R. Sawyer, H. Hulbert, A. Morris, James Mitchell, M. von Lewinski, C. Merhaut, L. Salvia, A. Freymuth, James C. Torner, D. Cowie, Bongin Yoo, Y. Kuo, S. Micallef, Kathryn Chaloner, Neil Duggal, J. Ogden, Peter M. C. Wright, K. Pedersen, C. McCleary, P. Mak, Paul H. Ting, S. Shaikh, B. Hodkinson, J. Sneyd, D. Novy, M. Menhusen, N. Quinnine, James H. Fitzpatrick, Timothy G. Short, M. Angliss, R. Burnstein, D. Moskopp, N. Robertson, Mark Buckland, Jeffrey V. Rosenfeld, W. Lilley, T. Phan, D. Greene-Chandos, M. Wichman, David S. Warner, M. Quigley, P. Tanzi, Ferenc E. Gyulai, D. Daly, Satwant K. Samra, B. Frankel, D. Wilhite, L. Lindsey, K. English, M. Lenaerts, Michel T. Torbey, T. Hartman, John E. McGillicuddy, R. Govindaraj, Alex Konstantatos, M. Woodfield, Steven S. Glazier, Steven D. Chang, C. Greiner, F. Steinman, Alex Abou-Chebl, G. Heard, S. Yantha, Michael J. Souter, C. Hoenemann, Nicholas G. Bircher, H. Van Aken, S. Poustie, D. Hill, J. Kish, Carin A. Hagberg, A. Buchmann, B. O'Brien, J. Shafer, J. Krugh, D. Chandrasekara, R. Eliazo, Mary L. Marcellus, Anish Bhardwaj, E. Thomson, H. El-Beheiry, Bermans J. Iskandar, J. Ormrod, D. Milovan, Michael J. Link, Barbara A. Dodson, S. Crump, K. Willmann, H. Madder, William R. Clarke, Max R. Trenerry, Ramez W. Kirollos, James Gebel, Lisa D. Ravdin, D. Sirhan, C. Miller, R. Grauer, Ira J. Rampil, W. Burnett, Marek A. Mirski, D. Chatfield, J. Haartsen, Jing Wang, H. Lohmann, T. Weber, S. Jackson, J. Quaedackers, Michael Beven, N. Scurrah, L. Pobereskin, J. Walkes, Zhiyi Zuo, Rona G. Giffard, J. Ridgley, James H McMahon, P. Bennett, J. Freyhoff, J. Reynolds, R. Chelliah, J. Jane, Basil F. Matta, P. Smythe, I. Gibmeier, A. Mathur, Karen B. Domino, Robert Greif, A. Wray, W. Hamm, C. Hall, Ralph F. Frankowski, H. Brors, Renee Testa, D. Fishback, Laurel E. Moore, Richard A. Jaffe, O. Moise, P. D'Urso, Argye E. Hillis, C. Weasler, Michael Tymianski, E. Tuffiash, Cynthia A. Lien, David M. Colonna, C. Lothaller, S. Bhatia, H. Bone, S. Harding, Diana G. McGregor, Lauren C. Berkow, A. Gelb, Paul A. Leonard, N. Subhas, Emine O. Bayman, William L. Young, A. Rushton, J. Marler, J. Kruger, Donna L. Auer, D. Lindholm, K. Kieburtz, R. Schatzer, D. Leggett, M. Mosier, D. Anderson, Julie B. Weeks, B. Bauer, F. Saleversusky, Mark Wilson, C. Skilbeck, R. Morgan, D. Van Alstine, S. Olson, M. Hemstreet, Y. Painchaud, P. Sutton, A. Blackwell, Christopher M. Loftus, S. Ryan, J. Winn, R. Silbergleit, R. Peters, J. Woelfer, M. Clausen, Daniel H. Kim, James R. Munis, J. Lang, A. Law, N. Badner, Keith H. Berge, D. Ellegala, Kevin H. Siu, Gordon J. Chelune, Rafael J. Tamargo, Rosemary A. Craen, C. Thien, Peter J. Lennarson, S. Wadanamby, R. Peterson, T. Blount, J. Sanders, Amin B. Kassam, Arthur M. Lam, Z. Thayer, N. Lapointe, C. Meade, Robert F. Bedford, Lorri A. Lee, J. Cormack, E. Tuerkkan, L. Carriere, N. Merah, Robert P. From, J. Sorenson, Phillip A. Scott, S. Pai, Neal J. Naff, Andrew Silvers, P. Fogarty-Mack, Jennifer O. Hunt, P. Porter, Guy L. Clifton, Zeyd Ebrahim, F. Rasulo, Pirjo H. Manninen, Derek A. Taggard, Michael J. Harrison, Ian A. Herrick, R. Mattison, Tsutomu Sasaki, P. Deshmukh, L. Forlano, Vladimir Zelman, Carol B. Applebury, John L.D. Atkinson, D. Sage, D. Sinclair, Matthew A. Howard, Elizabeth Richardson, F. Sasse, J. Heidler, Thomas N. Pajewski, J. Mason, P. McNeill, F. Lee, Bruno Giordani, G. Seever, Stephen P. Lownie, M. Wallace, Mark E. Shaffrey, C. Chase, Robert E. Breeze, Monica S. Vavilala, Kenneth Manzel, D. Papworth, Peter J. Kirkpatrick, Jana E. Jones, J. Howell, P. Li, B. Chen, A. Meyer, C. Salem, W. Kutalek, L. Koller, B. Rapf, J. Smith, Mazen A. Maktabi, Howard Yonas, Gregory M. Malham, A. Redmond, C. Moy, G. Henry, Elana Farace, H R Winn, E. Cunningham, Michael P. Murphy, Kevin K. Tremper, C. Chambers, Sesto Cairo, Chuanyao Tong, John Moloney, T. Novick, Z. Sha, Martin S. Angst, S. Laurent, G. Smith, F. Vasarhelyi, R. A. Fry, D. Blair, P. Schmid, Peter A. Rasmussen, Stephen Samples, Peter Szmuk, L. Atkins, J. Smart, T. Han, T. Costello, M. Balki, H. Bybee, C. Salmond, Peter Karzmark, Philip E. Stieg, Harold P. Adams, C. Lind, M. McTaggart, Johnny E. Brian, Pekka Talke, S. Dalrymple, M. Felmlee-Devine, Simon Jones, G. Ghazali, F. Johnson, Patricia H. Petrozza, B. Hindman, A. Shelton, Daniel Tranel, P. Blanton, L. Moss, H. Macgregor, J. Findlay, J. Weeks, Margaret R. Weglinski, Karen Lane, Daniele Rigamonti, Gregory M. Davis, William L. Lanier, Christopher R. Turner, H. Fraley, F. Mensink, P. Balestrieri, V. Petty, Michael T. Lawton, L. Meng, Gary G. Ferguson, L. Sternau, N. Page, Marc R. Mayberg, B Thompson, E. Dy, Tord D. Alden, and P. Doyle-Pettypiece

Subjects
Perioperative fever, Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Subarachnoid hemorrhage, Neuropsychological Tests, Severity of Illness Index, Neurosurgical Procedures, Statistics, Nonparametric, Hypothermia, Induced, Severity of illness, Medicine, Humans, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Neurologic Examination, Intraoperative Care, business.industry, Glasgow Outcome Scale, Incidence, Retrospective cohort study, Perioperative, Middle Aged, Subarachnoid Hemorrhage, outcome, aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, medicine.disease, Hydrocephalus, Surgery, Clinical trial, Logistic Models, Anesthesia, Female, Neurology (clinical), Intraoperative Period, business
Abstract

OBJECTIVE: We examined the incidence of perioperative fever and its relationship to outcome among patients enrolled in the Intraoperative Hypothermia for Aneurysm Surgery Trial. METHODS: One thousand patients with initial World Federation of Neurological Surgeons grades of I to III undergoing clipping of intracranial aneurysms after subarachnoid hemorrhage were randomized to intraoperative normothermia (36 degrees C-37 degrees C) or hypothermia (32.5 degrees C-33.5 degrees C). Fever (> or =38.5 degrees C) and other complications (including infections) occurring between admission and discharge (or death) were recorded. Functional and neuropsychologic outcomes were assessed 3 months postoperatively. The primary outcome variable for the trial was dichotomized Glasgow Outcome Scale (good outcome versus all others). RESULTS: Fever was reported in 41% of patients. In 97% of these, fever occurred in the postoperative period. The median time from surgery to first fever was 3 days. All measures of outcome were worse in patients who developed fever, even in those without infections or who were World Federation of Neurological Surgeons grade I. Logistic regression analyses were performed to adjust for differences in preoperative factors (e.g., age, Fisher grade, initial neurological status). This demonstrated that fever continued to be significantly associated with most outcome measures, even when infection was added to the model. An alternative stepwise model selection process including all fever-related measures from the preoperative and intraoperative period (e.g., hydrocephalus, duration of surgery, intraoperative blood loss) resulted in the loss of significance for dichotomized Glasgow Outcome Scale, but significant associations between fever and several other outcome measures remained. After adding postoperative delayed ischemic neurological deficits to the model, only worsened National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, Barthel Activities of Daily Living index, and discharge destination (home versus other) remained independently associated with fever. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that fever is associated with worsened outcome in surgical subarachnoid hemorrhage patients, although, because the association between fever and the primary outcome measure for the trial is dependent on the covariates used in the analysis (particularly operative events and delayed ischemic neurological deficits), we cannot rule out the possibility that fever is a marker for other events. Only a formal trial of fever treatment or prevention can address this issue.

Published
2009

13. Choline is a full agonist in inducing activation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase via the muscarinic M1 receptor

Author

J L, Carriere and E E, El-Fakahany

Subjects
Intracellular Fluid, Receptor, Muscarinic M1, Enzyme Activators, CHO Cells, Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I, Muscarinic Agonists, Transfection, Receptors, Muscarinic, Acetylcholine, Choline, Kinetics, Spectrometry, Fluorescence, Cricetinae, Animals, Humans, Calcium, Nitric Oxide Synthase
Abstract

The present study was designed to characterize the interaction of choline with the M(1) subtype of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor. Using Chinese hamster ovary cells transfected with neuronal nitric oxide synthase and the cloned human M(1) receptor (CHO hM(1)/nNOS cells), we investigated choline's effects on production of nitric oxide and elevation of intracellular [Ca(2+)]. Choline showed the properties of a full agonist in inducing the sustained plateau of increased intracellular [Ca(2+)], although it was only a partial agonist in inducing the larger, transient [Ca(2+)] peak. Choline was also found to act as a full agonist in stimulating the production of nitric oxide. These results have implications for efforts in the clinical treatment of dementia.

Published
2000

15. Muscle performance and gross motor function of children with spastic cerebral palsy

Author

H. Hebestreit, D. F. Parker, Oded Bar-Or, A. Salsberg, and L. Carriere

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Physical fitness, Physical Exertion, Motor Activity, medicine.disease_cause, Cerebral palsy, Jumping, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Spastic cerebral palsy, Developmental Neuroscience, medicine, Spastic, Aerobic exercise, Humans, Spasticity, Child, Leg, Anthropometry, business.industry, Cerebral Palsy, Infant, Newborn, medicine.disease, Muscle Spasticity, Physical Fitness, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Arm, Body Composition, Exercise Test, Female, Neurology (clinical), medicine.symptom, business, Anaerobic exercise, Locomotion, Muscle Contraction
Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine whether, and to what extent, performance on a measure of motor function (Gross Motor Function Measure, GMFM) was related to the physiological fitness of children with cerebral palsy (CP). Two elements of physiological function were measured: aerobic power and anaerobic power of the arms and legs. 15 boys and eight girls aged between seven and 13.9 years with spastic CP participated in the study. There was a good relationship between the standing and walking, running and jumping sub-sections and the total score of the GMFM on one hand, and anaerobic capacity of the legs on the other. However, the relationships for the arms were limited, indicating that the GMFM is not a suitable tool for providing information about aerobic fitness in children with CP, or about anaerobic power of the arms.

Published
1993

16. Complex Micromovement Dynamics Associated With Visual Feedback Alteration

Author

L. Carriere, L. Varghese, A. de Geoffroy, Leon Glass, and Anne Beuter

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, genetic structures, Dynamics (music), business.industry, Computer science, medicine, Computer vision, Artificial intelligence, Visual feedback, Audiology, business, eye diseases
Abstract

Ten healthy subjects were asked to maintain a constant position of the finger (Experiment #1) or the eyes (Experiment #2) on a stationary target using visual feedback. Both the gain and the delay in the visual feedback loop were systematically manipulated. Here we discuss some of the questions raised by the generation of these complex signals.

Published
1992
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18. Differential Split Power Transmissions for a Single Shaft Passenger Car Gas Turbine Engine

Author

D. L. Carriere

Subjects
Engineering, Variator, Stator, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Schematic, Differential (mechanical device), Traction (orthopedics), Automotive engineering, law.invention, Power (physics), Transmission (mechanics), law, medicine, business, Torque converter
Abstract

Descriptions, schematics, equations, and efficiency curves for a unique single shaft gas turbine engine transmission, consisting of a power splitting differential reduction gear combined with either a variable stator torque converter or variable ratio traction drive as a speed variator, and with a current production automatic four-speed gear box as a ratio expander, are contained in this paper.

Published
1980
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20. Give your employees a pat on the back

Author

A L, Carriere

Subjects
Minnesota, Awards and Prizes, Workforce, Group Practice, Emblems and Insignia
Abstract

How does your medical group recognize the long-term service of its employees? Realizing that many of its employees had been under continuous employment for as many as 30 years, the Falls Clinic Professional Association developed a recognition program to honor that faithful service. Employees and physicians were involved in development of the program from many phases--a logo contest was held as an approach to developing a symbol that could be associated with the group and used for the awards. Presentation of the awards has become a tradition that this group eagerly anticipates and is proud to support.

Published
1985

21. Variable Power Turbine Nozzle System Mechanical Development

Author

M. R. Vaughen, V. D. Rao, and D. L. Carriere

Subjects
Engineering, Power station, Turbine blade, Combined cycle, business.industry, Nozzle, Mechanical engineering, Response time, Industrial gas, Turbine, Automotive engineering, law.invention, law, Actuator, business
Abstract

Mechanical, material, thermal, and actuator response time problems encountered and resolved during the development of a variable power turbine nozzle system for a nominal 400-hp (300-kw), 1950 F (1339 K) maximum cycle temperature truck industrial gas turbine power plant are described in this paper.Copyright © 1977 by ASME

Published
1977
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25. Prioritizing debt conversion opportunities for marine conservation.

Author

McGowan J, Weary R, Carriere L, Game ET, Smith JL, Garvey M, and Possingham HP

Subjects
Cost-Benefit Analysis, Investments, Organizations, Biodiversity, Conservation of Natural Resources
Abstract

Incentivized debt conversion is a financing mechanism that can assist countries with a heavy debt burden to bolster their long-term domestic investment in nature conservation. The Nature Conservancy, an international conservation-based nongovernmental organization, is adapting debt conversions to support marine conservation efforts by small island developing states and coastal countries. Prioritizing debt conversion opportunities according to their potential return on investment can increase the impact and effectiveness of this finance mechanism. We developed guidance on how to do so with a decision-support approach that relies on a novel threat-based adaptation of cost-effectiveness analysis. We constructed scenarios by varying parameters of the approach, including enabling conditions, expected benefits, and threat classifications. Incorporating both abatable and unabatable threats affected priorities across planning scenarios. Similarly, differences in scenario construction resulted in unique solution sets for top priorities. We show how environmental organizations, private entities, and investment banks can adopt structured prioritization frameworks for making decisions about conservation finance investments, such as debt conversions. Our guidance can accommodate a suite of social, ecological, and economic considerations, making the approach broadly applicable to other conservation finance mechanisms or investment strategies that seek to establish a transparent process for return-on-investment decision-making., (© 2020 Society for Conservation Biology.)

Published
2020
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27. Program of Integrated Care for Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Multiple Comorbidities (PIC COPD + ): a randomised controlled trial.

Author

Rose L, Istanboulian L, Carriere L, Thomas A, Lee HB, Rezaie S, Shafai R, and Fraser I

Subjects
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anxiety, Canada, Comorbidity, Depression, Disease Progression, Female, Humans, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive physiopathology, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive psychology, Quality of Life, Delivery of Health Care, Integrated methods, Emergency Service, Hospital statistics & numerical data, Hospitalization statistics & numerical data, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive mortality, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive rehabilitation
Abstract

We sought to evaluate the effectiveness of a multi-component, case manager-led exacerbation prevention/management model for reducing emergency department visits. Secondary outcomes included hospitalisation, mortality, health-related quality of life, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) severity, COPD self-efficacy, anxiety and depression.Two-centre randomised controlled trial recruiting patients with ≥2 prognostically important COPD-associated comorbidities. We compared our multi-component intervention including individualised care/action plans and telephone consults (12-weekly then 9-monthly) with usual care (both groups). We used zero-inflated Poisson models to examine emergency department visits and hospitalisation; Cox proportional hazard model for mortality.We randomised 470 participants (236 intervention, 234 control). There were no differences in number of emergency department visits or hospital admissions between groups. We detected difference in emergency department visit risk, for those that visited the emergency department, favouring the intervention (RR 0.74, 95% CI 0.63-0.86). Similarly, risk of hospital admission was lower in the intervention group for those requiring hospital admission (RR 0.69, 95% CI 0.54-0.88). Fewer intervention patients died (21 versus 36) (HR 0.56, 95% CI 0.32-0.95). No differences were detected in other secondary outcomes.Our multi-component, case manager-led exacerbation prevention/management model resulted in no difference in emergency department visits, hospital admissions and other secondary outcomes. Estimated risk of death (intervention) was nearly half that of the control., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest: None declared., (Copyright ©ERS 2018.)

Published
2018
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28. Depression and Age at First Neurology Appointment Associated with Receipt of Behavioral Medicine Services Within 1 Year in a Multiple Sclerosis Population.

Author

Greenberg B, Fan Y, Carriere L, and Sullivan A

Abstract

Background: Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) newly seen by a neurologist may benefit from early psychological intervention owing to the reciprocal relationship between stress and disease progression. However, it is uncertain what factors contribute to patients' receiving these services., Methods: Logistic regression analysis of prospectively gathered data evaluated how demographic and disease characteristics and emotional/physical health factors contributed to referral to receive behavioral medicine (BM) services within 1 year of their first neurology appointment at the Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis at the Cleveland Clinic. Survival analyses then evaluated whether this resulted in earlier receipt of services., Results: Although many factors were associated with receiving BM services during univariate analyses (age, race, marital status, years since MS onset, depression, stress, and quality of life), when considering multivariable interactions, only two variables remained significant: age (odds ratio [OR] = 0.86, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.80-0.92) and depression (OR = 1.56, 95% CI, 1.39-1.75). Survival analyses did not show differences in time to BM services for stratifications of age or depression scores., Conclusions: Younger patients and patients with more severe depression were more likely to receive BM services within 1 year of their first neurology appointment. Future research will focus on evaluating whether these are also the patients in greatest need of services or whether they are simply more open to receiving them., Competing Interests: Dr. Sullivan has received funding from Novartis, the MS Cure Fund, and the National Multiple Sclerosis Society. The other authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.

Published
2017
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29. Pathways of family influence: alcohol use and disordered eating in daughters.

Author

Kluck AS, Carriere L, Dallesasse S, Bvunzawabaya B, English E, Cobb M, Borges T, Zhuzha K, and Fry D

Subjects
Adaptation, Psychological, Behavior, Addictive epidemiology, Cohort Studies, Family Relations, Female, Humans, Models, Psychological, Young Adult, Alcohol Drinking epidemiology, Child of Impaired Parents statistics & numerical data, Feeding and Eating Disorders epidemiology, Parents
Abstract

Models of addiction etiology and treatment emphasize the influence of family-of-origin experiences. Using two addiction-related coping behaviors (ARCBs) common among college women (i.e., problematic alcohol use, disordered eating), we examined whether ARCBs in parents related to matching ARCBs in college women offspring. We expected that matching parental ARCBs would relate more strongly to the ARCBs in offspring than more distal/general family factors. A total of 197 college women completed measures of family dynamics, parental difficulties with alcohol, family focus on appearance and weight, personal difficulties with alcohol use, and disordered eating. A significant indirect effect for family dysfunction on disordered eating and alcohol-related problems was found. That is, family relationship difficulties predicted parents' ARCBs, which predicted matching ARCBs in participants (e.g., parental alcohol problems predicted participant alcohol problems). Matched parental ARCBs were better predictors of participants' ARCBs than more general/distal family factors and non-matched ARCBs. Specifically, path analysis and testing of beta weights supported specificity of parental ARCBs for predicting matching offspring ARCBs. Implications of study findings for tailoring prevention efforts are discussed., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Published
2014
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31. Muscle performance and gross motor function of children with spastic cerebral palsy.

Author

Parker DF, Carriere L, Hebestreit H, Salsberg A, and Bar-Or O

Subjects
Adolescent, Anthropometry, Arm physiopathology, Body Composition, Child, Exercise Test, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Leg physiopathology, Locomotion physiology, Male, Muscle Spasticity physiopathology, Physical Exertion, Cerebral Palsy physiopathology, Motor Activity physiology, Muscle Contraction, Physical Fitness
Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine whether, and to what extent, performance on a measure of motor function (Gross Motor Function Measure, GMFM) was related to the physiological fitness of children with cerebral palsy (CP). Two elements of physiological function were measured: aerobic power and anaerobic power of the arms and legs. 15 boys and eight girls aged between seven and 13.9 years with spastic CP participated in the study. There was a good relationship between the standing and walking, running and jumping sub-sections and the total score of the GMFM on one hand, and anaerobic capacity of the legs on the other. However, the relationships for the arms were limited, indicating that the GMFM is not a suitable tool for providing information about aerobic fitness in children with CP, or about anaerobic power of the arms.

Published
1993
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32. Anaerobic endurance and peak muscle power in children with spastic cerebral palsy.

Author

Parker DF, Carriere L, Hebestreit H, and Bar-Or O

Subjects
Adolescent, Anaerobiosis, Child, Exercise Test, Extremities, Female, Humans, Male, Physical Endurance, Cerebral Palsy physiopathology, Muscles physiopathology
Abstract

The aim of this study was to provide information on anaerobic muscle endurance (mean power) and peak muscle power in children with spastic cerebral palsy. We measured peak power and mean power of the upper and lower limbs in 29 boys and 20 girls, aged from 6 to 14 years, by means of the Wingate Anaerobic Test. In addition, the physical components (physical capacity, upper limb, and lower limb) of a system used for evaluating function in the physically disabled were assessed. Of the 49 subjects, 46 and 37 successfully completed the arm and leg Wingate Anaerobic Test, respectively. Compared with norms for age and gender (healthy, nonathletic children), peak and mean power in the patients, even when corrected for body weight, were distinctly subnormal. The performance of subjects with quadriplegia was 3 to 4 SDs below the mean for controls. Twenty-five of diplegic and hemiplegic subjects had values below 2 SDs. When the data were analyzed according to the severity of the cerebral palsy, with the use of the physical capacity, upper limb, and lower limb score, those children with moderate to severe cerebral palsy had values for mean and peak power of the arm and leg 3 to 4 SDs below the normal mean. Values for children with only mild cerebral palsy also fell below the mean, but the data were more scattered, especially for the leg. The lower muscle performance may reflect both quantitative and qualitative differences in the upper- and lower-limb muscles, due to altered innervation and, in the more severely affected children, disuse.

Published
1992
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33. Sensitivity and specificity of the extended scale for dementia.

Author

Lau C, Wands K, Merskey H, Boniferro M, Carriere L, Fox H, and Hachinski VC

Subjects
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Education, Evaluation Studies as Topic, Female, Humans, Male, Socioeconomic Factors, Dementia psychology, Mental Status Schedule, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales
Abstract

The Extended Scale for Dementia was introduced as a test for grading the intellectual function of patients with dementia. Its use in discriminating demented patients from nondemented control subjects has been explored. The test had a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 96% in patients over the age of 65 years, but the sensitivity fell to 75% in those younger than 65 years. The scale may be useful, particularly for patients over the age of 65 years, in helping to distinguish dementia from normality.

Published
1988
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