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No thermodynamic description was performed for the Co-Mg binary system according to literature review. Consequently, this binary system has been investigated by means of CALPHAD (CALculation of PHAse Diagrams) approach in the present work. The experimental phase diagram and thermodynamic data available in the literature were critically assessed. Based on the reliable literature data, a new set of self-consistent thermodynamic parameters for the Co-Mg system is obtained. The calculated results agree well with the experimental data from the literature, indicating the reasonability of the present thermodynamic optimization.

In situ synthesis of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on Ti powder decorated with Ni catalyst enabled us to obtain a high-quality CNTs/Ti composite powder via fluidized bed chemical vapor deposition (FBCVD) process. The composite powder was characterized by a combination of high structural integrity and uniform dispersion of CNTs, which is not obtained by traditional ball-milling route. These advantages enabled the retention of CNTs in the near-fully dense titanium matrix composite (TMC), together with the uniform dispersion of TiC particles. The CNTs and TiC particles coordinated with each other and contributed to a synergistic effect involving load transfer from the matrix to CNTs and dispersion strengthening of TiC particles. The nanotube–particle-reinforced TMC exhibited superior mechanical properties in comparison to single-phase-reinforced TMCs. The catalytic behavior of Ni, controllable synthesis of CNTs, the retention behavior of CNTs, and the formation mechanism of TiC particles during the sintering process are discussed in detail.

This study was a prospective single arm trial conducted in Zhejiang Jinhua Guangfu hospital from February 2018 to June 2020. A total of 39 patients (32 males and 7 females) with esophageal cancer, aged from 44 to 82 (69±9) years were enrolled. Diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging(MR-DWI) was implemented to evaluate the changes of apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC) value before and after chemoradiotherapy. The results showed that the ADC value after chemoradiotherapy was higher than that before treatment[(2.03±0.42)×10⁻³ mm本研究采用前瞻性单臂试验的方法，选择自2018年2月至2020年6月在浙江金华广福医院接受放化疗的39例食管癌患者，男32例，女7例，年龄44~82（69±9）岁。用磁共振扩散加权成像（MR-DWI）检测患者治疗前后表观弥散系数（ADC）变化。结果显示治疗后ADC值较治疗前显著性升高［（2.03±0.42）×10⁻³ mm

主动脉瓣生物瓣膜的使用期限为8~10年。该文报道1例85岁患者，经导管主动脉瓣置换术（TAVR）后10年因生物瓣衰败行瓣中瓣TAVR手术，手术成功，患者恢复良好。.

患者男性，70岁，因"活动后气促1周，加重1 d"入院。诊断为重度钙化性主动脉瓣狭窄，中重度二尖瓣反流，心房颤动，纽约心脏协会（NYHA）心功能Ⅳ级，高血压，肝肾功能不全，2型糖尿病，轻度肺气肿。患者入院后在体外膜肺氧合（ECMO）辅助循环下成功实施了经导管主动脉瓣置换术，术后6 h撤离ECMO，未出现并发症，术后13 d顺利出院。经导管主动脉瓣置换术治疗高危主动脉瓣狭窄安全、有效，而ECMO支持可降低手术风险。.

Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy is the standard treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer. Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center has carried out multiple series of studies to explore the optimization of the neoadjuvant therapy since 2005. On the one hand, the "addition" method refers to a higher intensity treatment at the neoadjuvant stage to obtain better tumor regression. On the other hand, the "subtraction" method reduces some unnecessary treatment from the current triad of surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy to improve the quality of life of patients. However, locally advanced rectal cancer is associated with great heterogeneity, and therefore, any single treatment mode will not be optimal for all. Notably, the treatment decision-making should be based on clinical presentations, imaging findings, and molecular biology to precisely stratify patients. Besides, the scheme should be dynamically adjusted according to the therapeutic response, so as to realize the dual goals of prolonging patients' life and improving their quality of life. Meanwhile, the treatment decision-making for target population under the guidance of biomarker should be dynamically and self-adaptively adjusted based on the therapeutic effect. This approach will become the future development direction and objective for the precise medical treatment for rectal cancer.新辅助放化疗是局部晚期直肠癌的标准治疗模式。自2005年以来，复旦大学附属肿瘤医院开展了多项系列研究来探索新辅助治疗模式的优化。一方面"做加法"，在新辅助治疗阶段给患者更高强度的治疗，以获取肿瘤更好的退缩；另一方面"做减法"，在现有的手术、放疗、化疗的三联模式基础上，减少一些不必要的治疗，提高患者的生活质量。但局部进展期直肠癌异质性大，单一的治疗模式并非最佳选择。制定治疗方案需要结合临床、影像及分子生物多方面进行患者的精准分层，并根据疗效适应性动态调整方案，实现患者生命延长及生活质量改善的双重目标。而基于生物靶标指导下的目标人群的治疗决策，仍需根据疗效进行动态的自适应调整，这将成为未来直肠癌精准医疗的发展方向与目标。.

To compare the differences of neutrophils chemotaxis ability in peritoneal cavity between normal rats and schizopherenic rats with cell dynamic visualization system.In the study,18 healthy Kunming rats were randomly divided into 3 groups which were control group (n=6), 0.3 mg/kg MK-801 treatment group (n=6), 0.6 mg/kg dizocilpine maleate (MK-801) treatment group(n=6), extracted neutrophils separately, and observed the morphology and counted under a microscope. Each group of cells was divided into two parts for chemotactic experiment, called chemokine agent treatment group and no chemokine agent treatment group respectively, indicating control 1, 0.3 mg/kg MK-801 treatment 1,0.6 mg/kg MK-801 treatment 1 and control 2, 0.3 mg/kg MK-801 treatment 2,0.6 mg/kg MK-801 treatment 2. The dynamic migration of cells was recorded using the NIS-Elements software, and TAXIScan Analyzer 2 software was used to select 30 cells (n=30) in each group of cells and analyze cells migration trajectory, speed and distance, and use pair test and One-Way analysis of variance for statistical analysis.The number of neutrophils in control group, 0.3 mg/kg MK-801 treatment group and 0.6 mg/kg MK-801 treatment group were(1.00±0.03)×10Compared with neutrophils in peritoneal cavity of control group, the neutrophils in peritoneal cavity of schizophrenic rats have stronger chemotactic movement ability.

Finite-element simulation was performed by feeding the parameters K and n values obtained from tube hydraulic bulge test into the finite element model to compare the constitutive relationships of tubular material determined by the methods based on the incremental theory and total strain theory. According to the mechanical model of tube hydraulic bulge, the constitutive relationships of tubular material were determined respectively via the incremental theory and the total strain by adopted the deformation data obtained from simulation. The K and n values obtained by the two methods were compared and compared with the input values of finite element, respectively. The influence of the error of finite element on the K and n values was analysed. The results show that K and n values obtained by the incremental theory are less than those obtained by the total strain theory, and the values obtained by the former are more closer to the input values of finite element.

The fabrication of individualized hip prosthesis stem requires high machining freedom to dovetail precisely with the bond cavity of the patient. Hence, a 3-axial linkage motion is proposed in 4-axial milling along with a 1-axial differential drive and a cutter offset angle. Its advantage is to prevent from the accumulated errors of multi-axial motions. First, the centerline of spatial stem with the length of 200 mm was installed to a rotating axis; then, the transfer model of non-closed polar coordinate points was constructed to design 2D closed tool paths for the control of 3D cutting contact points; finally, the form error and the surface roughness of milled stem surface were investigated in connection with cutter posture angle. Theoretical analysis shows that the cutter offset angle contributes to an increase in cutter posture angle for high cutting velocity and the predication of the interference between cutter bar and workpiece. Experimental results show that the milled surface roughness and the milled form error are decreased by about 50 % and reach 0.26 and 126 μm when the cutter posture angle decreases to 20–40 °, respectively. It is confirmed that the 3-axial linkage milling along with 1-axial differential drive is likely to realize the precision machining of spatial hip prosthesis stem by controlling the cutter offset angle.

A 5-axial micro-replication milling of microstructured freeform surface is proposed by a novel ball cutter, on which micro-cutting-edge array is patterned by a diamond wheel V-tip in micro-grinding. It can efficiently and precisely machine arbitrary-curved microgroove and micro-pyramid arrays on aluminium alloy and die steel. The form errors reach 6.6 μm in 253.6 μm in microstructure depth and 1.6 μm with 50 mm in macro-freeform, respectively. The rake angle, however, is decreased so as to increase cutting temperature. Moreover, increasing wheel speed and decreasing feed speed decrease micro-form errors and surface roughness. The cross-spark-out cutting may deburr.

In this article, we compared the model results obtained by the naphthalene sublimation method with the results obtained by experiments with the real heat exchanger based on the model used in the naphthalene sublimation experiment. The results reveal that in the Reynolds number region studied in the present article, the experimental results obtained by naphthalene sublimation agree with the experimental data of the real heat exchanger under the working conditions within a 10% deviation. The heat/mass transfer coefficient obtained with an isothermal condition using naphthalene sublimation can be applied to the mixed thermal boundary condition. The effects of mounted and punched vortex generators on thermal-hydraulic performances are limited to the configuration studied in this article.

A stochastic variational principle (SVP) is presented in this paper. Based on the SVP, the stochastic finite segment method (SFSM) is developed for and applied to the analysis of shear-lag effect on a box-girder. The random property of physical and/or geometrical parameters is incorporated consistently into the total potential energy functional of the box-girder. Then the second-order perturbation techniques are employed to develop a set of expanded deterministic expressions of the functional. It is shown that the second-order functional is necessary and sufficient to derive all the governing equations. Then the recursive stiffness equations of the SFSM are obtained by the stationary conditions of the second-order energy functional. The stochastic shear-lag effect on the box-girder is evaluated by means of the SFSM. An example is given to demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the present method. Results are compared with the analytical variational solutions and those achieved by the technique of direct Monte Carlo simulation and the finite strip method, respectively, showing desirable agreement.

This paper presents the method of quintic finite element and quintic finite strip with generalized degrees of freedom (DOF) based on the philosophy that the local displacement fields of an element or strip should be compatible with the global displacement field. At first, the global displacement field of a structure is developed using the quintic B-spline functions. Then, the local displacement field of element/strip is constructed employing the multi-term interpolation functions of degree 5. At last, the displacement field of finite element/strip with generalized DOF is generated when the local and global displacement fields are equally matched in their deformation. This kind of high order finite element/strip can not only effectively widen the scope of application of the conventional quintic element/strip and the spline function method, but also greatly reduce the amount of DOF with the same degrees of accuracy as compared to the conventional finite element method. Several numerical examples demonstrate the accuracy, simplicity and versatility of the present methods for analysis of thin-walled structures.

This paper presents a quadratic finite element with generalized degrees of freedom (GDOF) and a quadratic finite strip with GDOF based on the principle that the local displacement fields of elements should be compatible with the global displacement field of the corresponding systems. Firstly, a global displacement field is developed using quadratic B-spline functions. Secondly, local displacement fields of elements and strips are constructed, employing multi-term interpolation polynomials of second degree. Making the local displacement fields of elements and strips be compatible with their corresponding global displacement fields, respectively, models of the finite element with GDOF and the finite strip with GDOF are accordingly generated. On the other hand, the quadratic B-spline function is convenient to derive the explicit form of characteristic equations for computing model because of its lower order, and accordingly simplifies the computation, compared with cubic and quintic spline functions. Several numerical examples demonstrate the accuracy, simplicity and versatility of the present element and strip in the analysis of thin-walled structures.

This paper presents a modified finite segment method for shear-lag analysis of thin-walled box girders. The method is based on the hypothesis that the warping displacement of a flange plate is governed by a third-order parabolic curve. Based on the principle of minimum potential energy, the governing differential equations with two unknown displacement functions are derived. The homogeneous solutions of the differential equations are used to represent the displacement functions of the finite element. By mean of the variational principle, the element stiffness equation is developed and the normal longitudinal stresses taking into account the shear lag are obtained. To verify the accuracy of the proposed method, three experiments are conducted so that the present results are compared with those obtained by the model tests and other methods.

The integrated optimum problem of structures subjected to strong earthquakes and wind excitations, optimizing the number of actuators, the configuration of actuators and the control algorithms simultaneously, is studied. Two control algorithms, optimal control and acceleration feedback control, are used as the control algorithms. A multi-level optimization model is proposed with respect to the solution procedure of the optimum problem. The characteristics of the model are analysed, and the formulation of each suboptimization problem at each level is presented. To solve the multi-level optimization problem, a multi-level genetic algorithm (MLGA) is proposed. The proposed model and MLGA are used to solve two multi-level optimization problems in which the optimization of the number of actuators, the positions of actuators and the control algorithm are considered in different levels. In problem 1, an example structure is excited by strong wind, and in problem 2, an example structure is subjected to strong earthquake excitation. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

This paper proposes an integrated approach to the modelling and optimization of structural control systems in tall buildings. In this approach, an artificial neural network is applied to model the structural dynamic responses of tall buildings subjected to strong earthquakes, and a genetic algorithm is used to optimize the design problem of structural control systems, which constitutes a mixed-discrete, nonlinear and multi-modal optimization problem. The neural network model of the structural dynamic response analysis is included in the genetic algorithm and is used as a module of the structural analysis to estimate the dynamic responses of tall buildings. A numerical example is presented in which the general regression neural network is used to model the structural response analysis. The modelling method, procedure and the numerical results are discussed. Two Los Angeles earthquake records are adopted as earthquake excitations. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

A novel porous chitosan/gelatin scaffold for tissue engineering was prepared via polyelectrolyte complex formation, freeze drying and post-crosslinking with glutaraldehyde. The porosity and mean pore diameters could be controlled within 30∼100 µm by varying the original water content and the freezing conditions. Dipping the scaffolds in poly(lactic acid) provided good mechanical properties making it a promising candidate towards tissue engineering. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry

We report a large and nonvolatile bipolar-electric-field-controlled magnetization at room temperature in a Co(40)Fe(40)B(20)/Pb(Mg(1/3)Nb(2/3))(0.7)Ti(0.3)O(3) structure, which exhibits an electric-field-controlled looplike magnetization. Investigations on the ferroelectric domains and crystal structures with in situ electric fields reveal that the effect is related to the combined action of 109° ferroelastic domain switching and the absence of magnetocrystalline anisotropy in Co(40)Fe(40)B(20). This work provides a route to realize large and nonvolatile magnetoelectric coupling at room temperature and is significant for applications.

Several studies of underground miners have demonstrated that exposure to radioactive radon gas (more precisely, 222Rn and its short-lived decay products) at levels historically found in mines increases the risk of lung cancer. Because of small numbers of lung cancers, previous studies have had limited power to evaluate temporal and other characteristics of patterns of risk. Herein we report on a historical cohort study of male employees of the Yunnan Tin Corporation in southern China. The cohort consists of 17,143 workers with 175,143 person-years of observation and 981 lung cancer events. Eighty percent of the workers were employed underground and exposed to radon. The excess relative risk increased linearly with exposure, rising 0.6% per working level month (95% confidence interval = 0.4-0.8). In the mines, workers were also exposed to arsenic-containing dusts. Adjustment for arsenic exposure, a known lung carcinogen, reduced the effect of radon exposure to 0.2% per working level month (95% confidence interval = 0.1-0.2). The excess relative risk/working level month declined significantly with attained age and with radon exposure rate as measured by the cumulative working level month divided by duration of exposure. It also declined significantly with years from last exposure and with time since exposure, but these declines were consistent only after adjustment for arsenic exposure. In this cohort, 41% of the underground workers were first exposed when15 y old; however, lung cancer risk did not vary consistently with age at first radon exposure. A joint analysis of radon exposure and smoking status (smoker vs. nonsmoker) rejected both an additive and a multiplicative association; the relationship was consistent with an intermediate association.

As a prototype of the Shanghai Laser Electron Gamma Source in the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, an x-ray source based on laser-Compton scattering (LCS) has been installed at the terminal of the 100 MeV linac of the Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics. LCS x-rays are generated by interactions between Q-switched Nd:yttrium aluminum garnet laser pulses [with wavelength of 1064 nm and pulse width of 21 ns (full width at half maximum)] and electron bunches [with energy of 108 MeV and pulse width of 0.95 ns (rms)] at an angle of 42 degrees between laser and electron beam. In order to measure the energy spectrum of LCS x-rays, a Si(Li) detector along the electron beam line axis is positioned at 9.8 m away from a LCS chamber. After background subtraction, the LCS x-ray spectrum with the peak energy of 29.1 +/- 4.4 vertical bar(stat)+/- 2.1 vertical bar(syst) keV and the peak width (rms) of 7.8 +/- 2.8 vertical bar(stat)+/- 0.4 vertical bar(syst) keV is observed. Normally the 100 MeV linac operates with the electron macropulse charge of 1.0 nC/pulse, and the electron and laser collision repetition rate of 20 Hz. Therefore, the total LCS x-ray flux of (5.2 +/- 2.0)x10(2) Hz can be achieved.

Studies in Shanghai and in north-east China indicate that cigarette smoking is a major contributor to the high rates of lung cancer in those areas, but doubts persist regarding the influence of cigarette use on lung cancer rates in other areas of China. In addition, the risk of lung cancer associated with other methods of tobacco consumption--in particular, the use of bamboo water-pipes and long-stem pipes--is uncertain. A population-based case-control study of 427 male lung cancer patients residing in a mining area of Southern China and 1,011 controls was carried out to address this and other issues. Of these patients, 63% smoked cigarettes and (water and long-stem) pipes; 17% and 14% smoked only cigarettes or pipes, respectively; and 6% did not smoke. Compared to non-smokers, smokers of cigarettes only, smokers of pipes only and mixed smokers were at increased risk; OR = 2.6 (95% CI 1.1-6.2), 1.8 (95% CI 0.8-4.2) and 4.1 (95% CI 2.3-9.2), respectively. Risk increased with duration of tobacco use; however, the rate of increase with years of cigarette use was significantly greater than for years of pipe use (p = 0.03). In addition, risks increased 8-fold in the highest quartile of number of cigarettes per day compared to non-cigarette smokers vs. 2.3-fold for the highest quartile of number of liang (50 g) smoked per month compared to non-pipe-smokers; the trends in the ORs differed significantly (p less than 0.001). Results suggest that, in this area of China, tobacco use is an important cause of lung cancer, and that smoking cigarettes may be more deleterious than smoking pipes (primarily water pipes).

In this article, we report the two terms Laser Compton Scattering (LCS) via interaction experiments at 100 MeV linear accelerator of SINAP. The monochromatic X-rays were generated by a 108.1 MeV, 2.5 ns electron beam colliding with two Nd:YAG lasers of 113mJ/pulse,35 ns and 2J/pulse, 10 ns, respectively, and demonstrate the latest developments in construction of experimental facilities at SINAP: a high-intensity ultrafast laser and electron interaction experimental facility based on Shanghai Deep Ultraviolet-Free Electron Laser (SDUV-FEL) device. In addition, we present a future Laser Compton Scattering (LCS) γ-ray source - Shanghai Laser Electron Gamma Source (SLEGS) at Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF) is presented. It is one of beamlines of SSRF in Phase II and will be finished around 2011. Key words: Laser Compton Scattering (LCS); Shanghai Laser Electron Gamma Source (SLEGS); 100MeV & 150MeV Linac; Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF)

Publisher Summary The stochastic transient variational principle (STVP) is developed based on the second order perturbation techniques. This chapter discusses the dependence of virtual displacements on real displacements hence on the material properties and loading conditions of the structures. For stochastic structures involved with physical and/or geometrical stochastic parameters, the virtual displacements are regarded as stochastic quantities. Therefore, a general purposes version of STVP is developed for vibration analysis of linear continuum. Probabilistic distributions of random parameters are consistently incorporated. Stochasticity of all random quantities, as well as their variations, is taken into consideration. The second-order perturbation techniques are employed to expand all the random quantities involved in the energy functional. Accordingly, a set of deterministic recursive equations is obtained as the alternative expressions of the STVP. On the basis of the STVP, the stochastic finite element method (SFEM) is developed for vibration analysis so that the roundabout procedures for formulations of the SFEM are avoided.

High quality Fe3O4 (5–20 nm)/BiFeO3 (BFO) heterostructures have been grown by pulsed laser deposition on (001) SrTiO3 (STO) substrates. Large exchange bias (EB) effects have been observed below 200 K in Fe3O4/BFO/STO structures compared with Fe3O4/STO structures. The exchange bias field decreases when increasing temperature or the thickness of Fe3O4 layer, and does not change after annealing in 0.1 T field from 700 K to room temperature across Neel temperature of BFO. A possible mechanism was proposed based on the interface spin coupling between Fe3O4 and BFO. Our work shed new light on the study of exchange bias effect in BFO system as well as the application for magnetoelectric devices.

For evaluation of the development of the hip joints in young infants, between Jun., 1988 and Oct., 1991, 522 hips of the infants under 4 months of age were studied by ultrasonography based on the method well described by Graf. The results revealed only 48% of the hips of neonatal group was type I (stable type). But this percentage increased with age: 90% in the group under 2 months of age; 97% in the group under 4 months of age. Compared with the findings of other studies in Europe, the development and the stability of the hips of our neonatal group seemed poorer. But this condition improved much within 2 months after birth. So we concluded that, except the high risk group, the ultrasonographic screening approach should be performed after 2 months of age, but not in neonatal period under considering the cost-benefit.

Based on the non-relativistic theory and dipole approximation, we have developed a new program to study the interaction between a circularly polarized laser and hydrogen atoms. In this paper, we present our calculation of above-threshold ionization (ATI) rate based on the new code and compare the results with that of a pertubation theory calculation. The comparison shows that our non-perturbative calculations can produce ATI peak suppression.

Urinary excretion of N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAG) was measured in random urine as the ratio of NAG to grams of urinary creatinine. Sixteen children with acute renal failure as well as 8 patients without serum creatinine changes after ischemic insults or nephrotoxic hazards were evaluated for their urinary NAG excretion. For children without renal failure, there was a significant increase (p less than 0.001) in urinary NAG after insults. The urinary NAG returned to normal within 2 weeks. In children with acute renal failure, the mean peak serum creatinine was 3.6 +/- 2.0 mg/dl, and the mean duration between onset and the time serum creatinine returning to normal was 8.8 +/- 4.1 days. Urinary NAG was markedly elevated during acute azotemic stage, remained at high level (p greater than 0.05) after serum creatinine returning to normal, and even continued to be abnormal several weeks after clinical recovery. Corrected with age, the mean urinary NAG level was elevated 6 times above normal after insults in patients without renal failure, and 34 times greater than normal in children with acute renal failure (p less than 0.01). We suggest that the extent of elevation of urinary NAG may be used to monitor the development of acute renal failure in patients exposed to potentially nephrotoxic hazards.

Twenty-one nephrotic children, aged 2 to 15 years, were studied for their urinary N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAG) and daily urinary total protein, in a total of 35 episodes. Among them, 18 patients had urinary NAG levels (77.3 +/- 112.1 u/g Cr) above normal mean + 2 SD for age, while 3 had normal levels during the nephrotic stage. No or poor correlation was found between urinary protein and NAG. In eight of these patients, urinary NAG levels during heavy proteinuria and after remission were evaluated. No significant change was detected. These observations suggest that urinary NAG excretion in nephrotic children is not caused by an increased glomerular permeability to macromolecules. Instead, the elevated urinary NAG may reflect the activity of associated renal tubular dysfunction or tubulointerstitial involvement in the nephrotic syndrome.