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Providing an accurate above-ground biomass (AGB) map is of paramount importance for carbon stock and climate change monitoring. The main objective of this study is to compare the performance of pixel-based and object-based approaches for AGB estimation of temperate forests in north-eastern of New York State. Second, the capabilities of optical, SAR, and optical + SAR data were investigated. To achieve the goals, the random forest (RF) regression algorithm was used to model and predict the AGB values. Optical (i.e. Landsat 5TM, Landsat 8 OLI, and Sentinel-2), synthetic aperture radar (SAR) (Sentinel-1 and global phased array type L-band SAR (PALSAR/PALSAR-2)), and their integration have been used to estimate the AGB. It is worth mentioning that the airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) AGB raster has been used as a reference data for training/testing purposes. The results demonstrate that the OBIA approach enhanced the RMSE of AGB estimation about 5.32 Mg/ha, 8.9 Mg/ha, and 5.29 Mg/ha for optical, SAR, and optical + SAR data, respectively. Moreover, optical + SAR data with the RMSE of 42.63 Mg/ha and R2 of 0.72 for pixel-based and RMSE of 37.31 Mg/ha and R2 of 0.77 for object-based approach provided the best results.

The Space Weather Investigation Frontier (SWIFT) mission will aim at making major discoveries on the three-dimensional structure and dynamics of heliospheric structures that drive space weather. The focus will be on Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections (ICMEs) that originate from massive expulsions of plasma and magnetic flux from the solar corona. They cause the largest geomagnetic storms and solar energetic particle events, threatening to endanger life and disrupt technology on Earth and in space. A big current problem, both regarding fundamental solar-terrestrial physics and space weather, is that we do not yet understand spatial characteristics and temporal evolution of ICMEs and that the existing remote-sensing and in-situ observatories are not suited for resolving multi-layered and evolutionary structures in these massive storm drivers. Here, we propose a groundbreaking mission concept study using solar sail technology that, for the first time, will make continuous, in-situ multi-point observations along the Sun-Earth line beyond the Lagrange point L1 (sub-L1). This unique position, in combination with L1 assets, will allow distinguishing between local and global processes, spatial characteristics, temporal evolution, and particle energization mechanisms related to ICMEs. In addition, measurements of the magnetic field in earthbound ICMEs and their sub-structures from the SWIFT location will double the current forecasting lead-times from L1. This concept also paves the way for missions with increasingly longer forecasting lead-times, addressing NASA and NOAA’s space weather goals, as set forth by the Decadal Survey. The objective of this communication is to inform the community of the ongoing effort, including plans to further develop the mission concept, supported by the Heliophysics Flight Opportunities Studies (HFOS) program under NASA’s Research Opportunities in Space and Earth Sciences (ROSES).

The above-ground biomass (AGB) estimation monitoring provides a powerful tool for the assessment of carbon emission and sequestration. Using remote sensing technique is an environmentally friendly way of biomass estimation. Thus, this paper investigated optical (i.e. Landsat 8 OLI and Sentinel-2), synthetic aperture radar (SAR) (global phased array type L-band SAR (PALSAR/PALSAR-2) and Sentinel-1), and their integration for AGB estimation of the Pack demonstration forest in Warrensburg, NY. Importantly, a LiDAR AGB raster of the study area was used as reference data for training/testing purposes. Then, an extreme gradient boosting (Xgboost) machine learning model was used to predict biomass values. The major goal of this study was to compare the performance of pixel-based and object-based image analysis (OBIA) for the AGB estimation. Results indicated that the object-based approach improved the RMSE of AGB prediction about 6.28 Mg/ha for optical + SAR, 6.17 Mg/ha for SAR, and 5.6 Mg/ha for optical data in comparison to the pixel-based approach. Moreover, the combination of optical and SAR data increased the prediction accuracy regardless of feature extraction approach.

Abstract Background It is unclear whether diet affects glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes (T2D), over and above its effects on bodyweight. We aimed to assess whether changes in dietary patterns altered glycaemic control independently of effects on bodyweight in newly diagnosed T2D. Methods We used data from 4-day food diaries, HbA1c and potential confounders in participants of the Early-ACTivity-In-Diabetes trial measured at 0, 6 and 12 months. At baseline, a ‘carb/fat balance’ dietary pattern and an ‘obesogenic’ dietary pattern were derived using reduced-rank regression, based on hypothesised nutrient-mediated mechanisms linking dietary intake to glycaemia directly or via obesity. Relationships between 0 and 6 month change in dietary pattern scores and baseline-adjusted HbA1c at 6 months (n = 242; primary outcome) were assessed using multivariable linear regression. Models were repeated for periods 6–12 months and 0–12 months (n = 194 and n = 214 respectively; secondary outcomes). Results Reductions over 0–6 months were observed in mean bodyweight (− 2.3 (95% CI: − 2.7, − 1.8) kg), body mass index (− 0.8 (− 0.9, − 0.6) kg/m2), energy intake (− 788 (− 953, − 624) kJ/day), and HbA1c (− 1.6 (− 2.6, -0.6) mmol/mol). Weight loss strongly associated with lower HbA1c at 0–6 months (β = − 0.70 [95% CI − 0.95, − 0.45] mmol/mol/kg lost). Average fat and carbohydrate intakes changed to be more in-line with UK healthy eating guidelines between 0 and 6 months. Dietary patterns shifting carbohydrate intakes higher and fat intakes lower were characterised by greater consumption of fresh fruit, low-fat milk and boiled/baked potatoes and eating less of higher-fat processed meats, butter/animal fats and red meat. Increases in standardised ‘carb/fat balance’ dietary pattern score associated with improvements in HbA1c at 6 months independent of weight loss (β = − 1.54 [− 2.96, − 0.13] mmol/mol/SD). No evidence of association with HbA1c was found for this dietary pattern at other time-periods. Decreases in ‘obesogenic’ dietary pattern score were associated with weight loss (β = − 0.77 [− 1.31, − 0.23] kg/SD) but not independently with HbA1c during any period. Conclusions Promoting weight loss should remain the primary nutritional strategy for improving glycaemic control in early T2D. However, improving dietary patterns to bring carbohydrate and fat intakes closer to UK guidelines may provide small, additional improvements in glycaemic control. Trial registration ISRCTN92162869 . Retrospectively registered on 25 July 2005

Abstract Background The Learning Assistant (LA) model with its subsequent support and training has evidenced significant gains for undergraduate STEM learning and persistence, especially in high-stakes courses like Calculus. Yet, when a swift and unexpected transition occurs from face-to-face to online, remote learning of the LA environment, it is unknown how LAs are able to maintain their motivation (competence, autonomy, and relatedness), adapt to these new challenges, and sustain their student-centered efforts. This study used Self-Determination Theory (SDT) to model theoretical aspects of LAs’ motivations (persistence and performance) both before and after changes were made in delivery of a Calculus II course at Texas Tech University due to COVID-19 interruptions. Results Analysis of weekly written reflections, a focus group session, and a post-course questionnaire of 13 Calculus II LAs throughout Spring semester of 2020 showed that LAs’ reports of competence proportionally decreased when they transitioned online, which was followed by a moderate proportional increase in reports of autonomy (actions they took to adapt to distance instruction) and a dramatic proportional increase in reports of relatedness (to build structures for maintaining communication and building community with undergraduate students). Conclusions Relatedness emerged as the most salient factor from SDT to maintain LA self-determination due to the COVID-19 facilitated interruption to course delivery in a high-stakes undergraduate STEM course. Given that online learning continues during the pandemic and is likely to continue after, this research provides an understanding to how LAs responded to this event and the mounting importance of relatedness when LAs are working with undergraduate STEM learners. Programmatic recommendations are given for enhancing LA preparation including selecting LAs for autonomy and relatedness factors (in addition to competence), modeling mentoring for remote learners, and coaching in best practices for online instruction.

Sustainable forest management is a critical topic which contributes to ecological, economical, and socio-cultural aspect of the environment. Providing accurate AGB maps is of paramount importance for sustainable forest management, carbon accounting, and climate change monitoring. The main goal of this study was to leverage the potential of two machine learning algorithms for predicting AGB using optical and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) datasets. To achieve this goal random forest (RF) and light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM) models were deployed to predict AGB values in Huntington Wild Forest (HWF) in Essex County, NY using continuous forest inventory (CFI) plots. Both models were trained and evaluated based on airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data, Landsat imagery, advanced land observing satellite (ALOS) phased array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR), and their combination. The integration of airborne LiDAR, optic, and SAR datasets provided the best results in terms of root mean square error (RMSE) and mean bias error (MBE). The RF model outperformed the LightGBM in all scenarios (LiDAR, Landsat 5, ALOS PALSAR, and their combination). The RF model was able to predict AGB values with the RMSE of 51.90 Mg/ha and MBE of −0.189 Mg/ha for the combination of LiDAR, optic, and SAR data, while LightGBM estimated the AGB values with the RMSE of 52.78 Mg/ha and MBE of −0.253 Mg/ha. LightGBM is more sensitive to noise and there are lots of hyperparameters that need to be tuned which highly affect its performance.

The 2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans now include recommendations for infants and toddlers. Extension educators can use these expanded guidelines to provide feeding recommendations for caregivers of infants/toddlers. The purpose of this study was to explore 1) the infant and toddler feeding topics that Extension educators discuss with caregivers through formal curricula and informal conversations, 2) educators' perceived barriers to teaching and discussing topics with caregivers, and 3) the optimal format of resources for educators and the communities they serve. Findings from this study confirmed a need among educators for infant/toddler feeding programs and resources offered through Extension.

Purpose: There is little consensus in the literature regarding a) what it means for a school leader to lead with data, and b) how to measure data-informed leadership in a reliable and valid way. This study examines the psychometric properties of an operational measure intended to assess the extent to which a school leader is a data-informed school leader. The measurement invariance, reliabilities and construct and predictive validities of the "Data-Informed School Leadership Survey" (DISL Survey) are assessed using various psychometric statistical techniques. Methods: Using data collected from 155 teachers from 7 public schools in a southern state, the following psychometric statistics used to address our purpose: the Many-Facet Rasch (MFR) Model, Bayesian second-order Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), Bayesian Structural Equation Modeling--Multiple Indicators, Multiple Causes analysis (Bayesian SEM-MIMIC), and reliability analysis. Findings: Results show an adequate fit from all MFR, Bayesian CFA, and MIMIC models and a high reliability (Cronbach [alpha] = 0.98). The DISL Survey instrument exhibits sound psychometric properties. Results likewise confirm the value of using MFR modeling and Bayesian methods to examine the psychometric properties of DISL Survey as a means of improving educational leadership measures. Implications for Research and Practice: Data from this study confirm the validity and reliability of the "Data-Informed School Leadership Survey" (DISL Survey) as an instrument to assess the strengths and weaknesses of Data-Informed School Leadership (DISL) and as a means for providing feedback for improving such leadership. Heretofore a measure for assessing this leadership was non-existent.

Forest is one of the most crucial Earth’s resources. Forest above-ground biomass (AGB) mapping has been research endeavors for a long time in many applications since it provides valuable information for carbon cycle monitoring, deforestation, and forest degradation monitoring. A methodology to rapidly and accurately estimate AGB is essential for forest monitoring purposes. Thus, the main objective of this paper was to investigate the performance of decision tree-based models to predict AGB at a site in Huntington Wild Forest (HWF) in Essex County, NY using continuous forest inventory (CFI) plots. The results of decision tree, random forest, and deep forest regression models were compared using light detection and ranging (LiDAR), Landsat 5 TM, and a combination of them. The results illustrated the importance of integration of Landsat 5 TM and LiDAR data, which benefits from both vertical forest structure and spectral information reflected by canopy cover. In addition, the deep forest model with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 51.63 Mg/ha and R-squared (R2) of 0.45 outperformed other regression tree-based models, regardless of the dataset.

Background. Measuring physical activity behaviours of stroke survivors in the inpatient setting is challenging. Authors of observational studies of early poststroke report that stroke survivors are “inactive and alone”. Using activity monitoring devices may help refine clinical practice and inform therapeutic activity targets. Aim. To measure the physical activity behaviour of stroke survivors during acute inpatient hospitalisation. We hypothesized that greater levels of inactivity would be positively associated with stroke severity and age. Method. Using a cross-sectional study design, consecutive stroke patients admitted to an acute stroke unit (Geelong, Australia) and recruited within 48 hours of admission had their physical activity recorded using an ActivPAL™ accelerometer device over a minimum of 3 days. Activity was categorised as time spent inactive (lying or sitting), standing, or stepping. The number of steps per day was recorded. Demographic and ActivPal™ data are described. Results. Seventy-eight stroke survivors were recruited of whom 54 had complete data for 3 days, all starting within 2 days poststroke. Of the 54 participants, 32 had a mild stroke, 17 moderate, and five severe stroke. Nine were able to walk independently at admission. The median age was 82.5 years (interquartile range (IQR) 74-86), 26 were female. On average, during their inpatient stay, participants spent a median of 98% of their admission inactive. A median of 18 minutes per day was spent standing and less than a minute per day was spent walking amounting to a median of 169 steps taken per day. Conclusion. The ActivePal™ device was feasible to use in an acute stroke setting. We observed high levels of inactivity in the first days post-stroke, highlighting the ongoing challenge of promoting activity in the acute stroke period. To our knowledge, this is the largest study to provide objective data on time spent upright, walking, and sedentary using accelerometer data in an acute stroke setting.

Transdiagnostic interventions are efficient treatments for common youth mental health concerns and may be particularly well suited for school-based practice. Implementing them can potentially strengthen school psychologists' identity as mental health practitioners. Some student problems may benefit more from direct school psychological services than consultation. School psychologists may wonder if it is possible to incorporate direct mental health intervention into their practice. Even when time allows, other questions arise such as upkeep of competency in mental health interventions and how provision of mental health supports fits within a school's existing system. The purpose of this article is to define and propose transdiagnostic intervention as a fit for contemporary school-based mental health practice. It also share practical resources that practitioners can access for training and implementation support.

Most college students do not engage in adequate physical activity. Physical education requirements (PERs) are often viewed as a potential solution to physical inactivity within this population as these courses provide opportunities for students to be physically active and/or become educated about healthy lifestyles. The potential benefits of these courses are particularly salient for Black college students who face many health disparities. The purpose of this study was to examine the health education and physical activity course offerings and requirements at Historically Black College and Universities (HBCUs). We examined the online course catalogs of all four-year accredited HBCUs in the United States (N = 86) to determine if they (1) offered and/or (2) required their students to take any health education or physical activity courses. Overall, 81 of the four-year HBCUs in this study (94%) at least offered their students a physical activity or health education course, although only 42 schools (48.8%) required either course for graduation. The remaining 44 institutions (51.1%) did not require their students to take a health education or physical activity course for graduation. PERs appear to be more prevalent at HBCUs compared to non-HBCUs; however, there has been a reduction in PERs across all institutions alike over the past few decades. Future studies should explore whether higher PERs at HBCUs are associated with Black students' actual physical activity behaviors. HBCUs are presented with a unique opportunity to support the health behaviors and knowledge of Black college students.

This qualitative multiple case study explores the collaborations between three STEM middle school teachers and three STEM undergraduate mentors of color in an urban school district. Drawing on sociocultural theories and literature on culturally relevant education, we used a comparative thematic approach to explore how mentors contributed to culturally relevant opportunities in STEM curriculum and pedagogy. We found that the partners' STEM identities, how the teacher positioned the mentor in the learners' experience, and the teachers' philosophy of the purpose of engineering influenced the contribution undergraduate mentors could make to rigorous and equitable engineering instruction.

American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) communities are disproportionately affected by the opioid epidemic. AI/AN emerging adults (ages 18-25) in urban areas are at particularly high risk, with the overdose death rate among urban-dwelling AI/AN people 1.4 times higher than rural-dwelling AI/AN people. Despite these challenges, there are no evidence-based culturally tailored prevention or intervention programs to address opioid, alcohol and other drug use among urban AI/AN emerging adults. This study focused on understanding AI/AN emerging adults' experiences with two culturally tailored programs addressing opioid, cannabis, and alcohol use as part of the randomized controlled trial for Traditions and Connections for Urban Native Americans (TACUNA) in order to enhance feasibility of this intervention. Using a convergent mixed methods design at 3-month follow-up, we collected satisfaction and experience ratings and written narratives (total n = 162; intervention n = 77; control n = 85) from a sample of urban-dwelling AI/AN emerging adults who participated in both programs. We analyzed data through simultaneous examination of qualitative and quantitative data. The quantitative ratings show that both programs were rated highly. The qualitative data contextualized these ratings, illustrating pathways through which specific components were perceived to cause desired or observed behavioral change in participants. Among the elements that mattered most to these participants were the convenience of the virtual format, having a comfortable and safe space to share personal stories, and learning new information about their social networks. Negative comments focused on workshop length and inconvenient scheduling. This is one of the first studies to explore participant satisfaction and experience with culturally tailored substance use programming among a historically marginalized and understudied population. It is important to consider the voices of urban-dwelling AI/AN people in program development because hidden factors, such as limited financial resources, limited time, and misalignment with cultural values may prevent existing programs from being feasible.

Spermatogenesis is a finely regulated process of germ cell multiplication and differentiation leading to the production of spermatozoa in the seminiferous tubules. Spermatogenesis can be divided into three parts: spermatocytogenesis, meiosis and spermiogenesis. During spermatocytogenesis, germ cells engage in a cycle of several mitotic divisions that increases the yield of spermatogenesis and to renew stem cells and produce spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes. Meiosis involves duplication and exchange of genetic material and two cell divisions that reduce the chromosome number and yield four haploid round spermatids. Spermiogenesis involves the differentiation of round spermatids into fully mature spermatozoa released into the lumin of seminiferous tubules. The seminiferous epithelium is composed of several generations of germ cells due to the fact that new generations of sperm cells engage in the spermatogenic process without waiting for the preceding generations to have completed their evolution and to have disappeared as spermatozoa into the lumen of the tubules. In bulls, the duration of the seminiferous epithelium cycle is 13.5 days. The total duration of spermatogenesis is 61 days, that is 4.5 times the duration of the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium. The spermatogenetic wave is used to describe the spatial arrangement of cell associations along the tubules. Several theories have been described to explain the renewal of spermatogonia. Depending on the model, there are five or six spermatogonial mitoses explaining the renewal of stem cells and the proliferation of spermatogonia. Daily sperm production and germ cell degeneration can be quantified from numbers of germ cells in various steps of development throughout spermatogenesis. Bulls have a lower efficiency of spermatogenesis than most species examined, but higher than that of humans.

Abstract During a flood, the geometry of a river channel constrains the flows of water and sediment, however, over many floods, bankfull channel geometry evolves to reflect the longer‐term fluxes of water and sediment supplied by the catchment. Physics‐based models predict the average relationship between bankfull geometry and discharge to within an order of magnitude, however, observed variability about the prediction remains unaccounted for. We used high‐resolution topography to extract continuous measurements of bankfull width from 67 sites spanning the continental United States, yielding a reach‐scale probabilistic description of river width for each site. Within an individual reach, bankfull river width is well‐described by a lognormal distribution. Rivers that spend a greater proportion of time above bankfull are wider for the same bankfull discharge, revealing an unrecognized pathway through which climatic or engineered changes in flow frequency could alter river geometry and therefore impact aquatic habitat and flooding risk.

Immunocompromised individuals are at risk for developing lymphocryptovirus-associated lymphoproliferative diseases, such as Epstein Barr virus (EBV)-associated B cell lymphomas and post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD). We previously reported development of cynomolgus lymphocryptovirus (CyLCV)-associated PTLD in Mauritian cynomolgus macaques (MCMs) undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), which mirrored EBV-PTLD in transplant patients. Here, we sought to develop a MCM model of lymphocryptovirus-associated lymphoproliferative disease in immunosuppressed MCMs without HSCT. Five simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected, CD8α+ cell-depleted MCMs received an infusion of autologous B-lymphoblastoid cells transformed with CyLCV, followed by varying degrees of immunosuppression. Four of five infused macaques developed masses coincident with increasing CyLCV plasma viremia, and necropsies confirmed the presence of multicentric lymphomas, which most commonly manifested in lymph nodes, gastrointestinal tract, adrenal glands, and pancreas. Affected tissues harbored neoplastic lymphocytes double-positive for CD20 and CyLCV EBNA2 antigen, large frequencies of proliferating B cells, and high levels of cell-associated CyLCV DNA. In addition, longitudinal 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography (18F-FDG PET) of one MCM successfully detected lymphoproliferative disease in the adrenal glands prior to clinical signs of disease. These data demonstrate successful induction of lymphocryptovirus-associated PTLD-like disease in 4 of 5 MCMs, and thus support the use of MCMs as a preclinical NHP model of EBV-associated lymphoproliferative disease that could be employed to test novel diagnostic and therapeutic modalities.

Alternaria alternata apple pathotype causes Alternaria blotch of susceptible apple cultivars through the production of a cyclic peptide host-specific toxin, AM-toxin. PCR (polymerase chain reaction), with primers designed to conserved domains of peptide synthetase genes, amplified several products from A. alternata apple pathotype that showed high similarity to other fungal peptide synthetases and were specific to the apple pathotype. Screening of a Lambda Zap genomic library with these PCR-generated probes identified overlapping clones containing a complete cyclic peptide synthetase gene of 13.1 kb in length with no introns. Disruption of this gene, designated AM-toxin synthetase (AMT), by transformation of wild-type A. alternata apple pathotype with disruption vectors resulted in toxin-minus mutants, which were also unable to cause disease symptoms on susceptible apple cultivars. AM-toxin synthetase is therefore a primary determinant of virulence and specificity in the A. alternata apple pathotype/apple interaction.

In recent years, the frequency and intensity of extreme temperature events have escalated, posing unprecedented challenges to ecosystems, economies, and human health. As global temperatures rise, these events are emerging as critical threats; therefore, understanding their changes is essential for developing strategies to mitigate their growing risks under global warming. In this study, we used ETCCDI (Expert Team on Climate Change Detection, Monitoring, and Indices) temperature indices to analyze future changes in extreme temperature events in the South Saskatchewan River Watershed (SSRW) in Southern Alberta, Canada, a critical area for irrigation, agriculture, and food production. This analysis is based on an ensemble of 26 Global Circulation Models (GCMs) and three Shared Socio-economic Pathway (SSP) scenarios, in three periods (2015–2030, 2041–2060, 2071–2100), compared against the base period of 1951–1990. The results suggest substantial changes in most of the studied indices towards higher temperatures, with a significant rise in both the numbers of days with extreme temperatures and the magnitude of the temperature itself, as well as a notable drop in the number of cold days. As a result of warming, the growing season length is 16 days longer in 2015–2030 compared to the base period and is projected to increase substantially by the end of the century. A longer growing season might seem favourable for agriculture, but it can disrupt water availability and cause unpleasant environmental consequences. Overall, the scenarios considered in this research suggest that the SSRW could experience warming at a significant rate. This finding underscores the urgent need for adaptation and mitigation actions to enhance resilience and sustainability.

In this study, a CMIP6 ensemble of 26 GCMs and SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5 scenarios from CanDCS-U6 is used to project drought conditions in the South Saskatchewan River Watershed. The near-current period (2015–2030) and two future periods (2041–2060 and 2071–2100) are analyzed based on the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) at 1-, 3-, 6-, 12-, and 24-month timescales. Projections indicate a shift in average SPEI values from above zero (no drought) in the base period (1951–1990) to more negative values in the future. Results show an increase in drought severity and frequency under climate change conditions. The percentage of time with no drought conditions is projected to decline from 55–70% in the base period to 25–45% by 2071–2100. Severe and extreme droughts, rare in the base period (below 4%), are projected to increase to up to 19% by 2071–2100. The area experiencing drought is expected to expand from 36–49% (for different SPEI timescales) in the base period to up to 76% by 2071–2100. Drought frequency is projected to be higher under SSP1-2.6 and less frequent under SSP2-4.5. Results showed that longer SPEI timescales are associated with higher drought occurrence rates and severity. The spatial pattern of drought is also projected to significantly change, with higher frequencies expected in the eastern parts of the watershed under climate change.

Bezafibrate therapy has been shown to improve beta-oxidation of fatty acids and to reduce episodes of rhabdomyolysis in patients with carnitine palmitoyltransferase type-2 (CPT2) deficiency. We report the efficacy of fenofibrate in a patient with CPT2 deficiency, in whom beta-oxidation was improved but an episode of rhabdomyolysis nevertheless occurred. This suggests additional methods to avoid rhabdomyolysis in patients with CPT2 deficiency should accompany fibrate therapy, including avoidance of muscular overexertion, dehydration, and heat exposure.

The COVID-19 pandemic required an emergency shift to remote teaching. Despite their limited previous experience with online or hybrid teaching, our cohort of kinesiology faculty (n = 112) had high confidence in their ability to deliver quality educational experiences for their students during the pandemic. With support from their institutions, technology departments, and teaching and learning centers, faculty developed new skills and organizational strategies. To achieve this, 81% of faculty reported needing extra course preparation time to deliver high-quality remote teaching, with 51% needing up to 5 extra hours per week per course. There is a fraction of faculty from this study excited about the prospect of teaching online in the future. These newfound online teaching skills should be leveraged to modernize course offerings in kinesiology departments, supporting student recruitment, retention, and success.

As a follow-up to White et al.'s (2021) "We Don't Talk About That": Exploring Money Conversations of Black, Hispanic, and White Households, this article examines social capital and financial conversations among racial and ethnic groups. Although most people avoid discussing money, Blacks and Hispanics have the fewest financial conversations. When they do have money talks, Black and Hispanic individuals are more likely to have conversations with friends rather than with partners, family, or professionals. This article uses research to recommend techniques that family and consumer sciences (FCS) practitioners and educators can use to help families cope with the discomfort that may arise and increase their money conversations.