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To analyze the diagnosis and treatment of two imported cases with schistosomiasis haematobia, so as to provide insights into improving the diagnosis and treatment and avoiding misdiagnosis and mistreatment of imported schistosomiasis haematobia.The medical records and epidemiological data pertaining to the two cases were collected. The stool and urine samples were collected for identification ofThe patient 1, a Malagasy, was infected in Madagascar and returned to China for delivery. The case presented intermittent painless terminal hematuria symptoms, and showed no remarkable improvements following multiple-round treatments in several hospitals. In January 2017, she was found to be positive for anti-Overseas imported schistosomiasis haematobia is likely to be misdiagnosed. The training pertaining to schistosomiasis control knowledge requires to be improved among clinical professionals, in order to avoid misdiagnosis and mistreatment.

OBJECTIVE: To test the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of parenting sense of competence scale (PSOC) in Chinese mothers of preschool children, and to explore the perception of preschool children's mothers on their own parenting skills and their comfort of being a parent in Yanqing District of Beijing. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a convenience sample in 1 384 preschool children's mothers in Yanqing District of Beijing. SPSS 21.0 and Mplus 7.4 software were used for statistical analysis to test the structural validity, criterion related validity, internal consistency and split half reliability of the scale, and to analyze the score of the scale and its influencing factors. RESULTS: The PSOC had good reliability and validity. Exploratory factor analysis showed that each item of the PSOC had more than 0.4 factor loading in efficacy factor or satisfaction factor, and there was no double load phenomenon. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the factor loadings ranged from 0.212 to 0.843 in efficacy factor and satisfaction factor, respectively. The goodness of fit test showed that all the fitting indexes were within the acceptable range, and the correlation between the effectiveness subscale and the satisfaction subscale was high. The Cronbach's α coefficient of the whole scale, the efficacy subscale and the satisfaction subscale were 0.872, 0.802, and 0.874, respectively. The Spearman-Brown coefficient of PSOC was 0.851. The average score of the whole scale, the efficacy subscale, and the satisfaction subscale were 72.33±11.31, 35.54±5.91, and 36.79±7.11, respectively, and the score of parenting competence in Chinese mothers of preschool children was influenced by the mother's educational level and the annual income of her family. CONCLUSION: The PSOC has satisfactory reliability and validity in Chinese mothers of preschool children. It can be used as an evaluation instrument for measuring the parenting competency, self perceived efficacy and satisfaction in the mainland Chinese mothers of preschool children. The competency of preschool children's mothers in Yanqing District of Beijing is very good, which may be related to the higher education level of the mothers and the higher annual income of their families in this study.

Motivated by the concepts of the inverse Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomial and the equivariant Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomial, Proudfoot defined the equivariant inverse Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomial for a matroid. In this paper, we show that the equivariant inverse Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomial of a matroid is very useful for determining its equivariant Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomials, and we determine the equivariant inverse Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomials for Boolean matroids and uniform matroids. As an application, we give a new proof of Gedeon, Proudfoot and Young's formula for the equivariant Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomials of uniform matroids. Inspired by Lee, Nasr and Radcliffe's combinatorial interpretation for the ordinary Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomials of uniform matroids, we further present a new formula for the corresponding equivariant Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomials., 19 pages

血栓性血小板减少性紫癜是一种血液系统急症，起病急骤，病情凶险，如不及时治疗病死率可高达90%。本文报道了1例血栓性血小板减少性紫癜患者，使用血浆置换联合糖皮质激素治疗后血小板水平仍较低，加用N-乙酰半胱氨酸治疗后，血小板明显上升，且未见明显不良反应。.

In analogy with the classical Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomials for Coxeter groups, Elias, Proudfoot and Wakefield introduced the concept of Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomials for matroids. It is known that both the classical Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomials and the matroid Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomials can be considered as special cases of the Kazhdan-Lusztig-Stanley polynomials for locally finite posets. In the framework of Kazhdan-Lusztig-Stanley polynomials, we study the inverse of Kazhdan-Lusztig-Stanley functions and define the inverse Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomials for matroids. We also compute these polynomials for boolean matroids and uniform matroids. As an unexpected application of the inverse Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomials, we obtain a new formula to compute the Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomials for uniform matroids. Similar to the Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomial of a matroid, we conjecture that the coefficients of its inverse Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomial are nonnegative and log-concave., 17 pages

A novel lactam metabolite, 1-pentyl-8-oxa-3,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2,4,7-trione (1), was isolated from Penicillium sclerotium D35. The structure of the new compound 1 was elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including 1D and 2D NMR data and HR-MS. Compound 1 showed moderate nematode suppression activity with LC50 values of 344.722 mg/L.

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of a fixed nitrous oxide/oxygen mixture for the management of breakthrough cancer pain. METHODS/DESIGN A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial was undertaken in the Medical ward of Tumor Hospital of General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University. 240 cancer patients with breakthrough pain were recruited and randomly received a standard pain treatment (morphine sulphate immediate release) plus a pre-prepared nitrous oxide/oxygen mixture, or the standard pain treatment plus oxygen. The primary endpoint measure was the numerical rating scale (NRS) score measured at baseline, 5 and 15 min after the beginning of treatment, and at 5 min post treatment. RESULT In all, analysis of pain score (NRS) at 5 min after the beginning of treatment shown a significant decrease in nitrous oxide/oxygen mixture treated patients with 2.8 ± 1.3 versus 5.5 ± 1.2 in controls (p

In this paper, we present a direct bijective proof of the hook-length formula for standard immaculate tableaux, which arose in the study of non-commutative symmetric functions. Our proof is along the spirit of Novelli, Pak and Stoyanovskii’s combinatorial proof of the hook-length formula for standard Young tableaux. AMS Classification 2010: 05E05

To describe the endocrine abnormalities in patients with POEMS syndrome in order to identify more patients with POEMS syndrome among those who have endocrine dysfunctions.We searched the inpatient medical record system of Peking University People's Hospital with "POEMS syndrome". Finally the data from 23 patients were analyzed. Epidata 3.0 was used for data entering and SPSS 19.0 was used for statistical analysis.The median age of all the 23 patients was 47 years. The ratio of male to female was 1.88:1. Polyneuropathy was the most common initial symptom which accounted for 56.5% in the 23 patients. The median duration from the initial symptoms to diagnosis as POEMS syndrome was 30 months. Among all the departments, the number of confirmed cases was highest in the department of neurology. The median duration from the onset of initial symptoms (6 months) to the diagnosis made in neurology department was also significantly shorter than in other departments. Among all the 23 patients, 100.0% of them had polyneuropathy, 82.6% had organomegaly, 95.7% had endocrinopathy, 52.2% were M protein positive, 91.3% had skin changes, 45.5% had papilledema, 43.5% had extravascular volume overload, 43.5% had platelet elevation and 17.4% had Castleman disease. Among all the patients with endocrinopathy, the incidence of hyperprolactinemia was 60.0% which was the highest one followed by thyroid dysfunction and adrenal dysfunction. Among the patients who had endocrine system dysfunctions, most of them had two target endocrine glands involved (36.5%).Endocrinopathy is an important component of POEMS syndrome and it is of great importance to pay more attention to POEMS syndrome in patients with thyroid dysfunction, adrenal dysfunction, gonadal dysfunction, parathyroid dysfunction, hyperprolactinemia and glucose intolerance, especially in patients with two or more target gland dysfunctions. Symptoms and signs of polyneuropathy should be assessed carefully to reduce misdiagnosis of POEMS syndrome. Evaluation of the endocrine system should also be done in patients diagnosed with POEMS syndrome in order to treat the patients properly.

A universal cycle for permutations of length [Formula: see text] is a cyclic word or permutation, any factor of which is order-isomorphic to exactly one permutation of length [Formula: see text], and containing all permutations of length [Formula: see text] as factors. It is well known that universal cycles for permutations of length [Formula: see text] exist. However, all known ways to construct such cycles are rather complicated. For example, in the original paper establishing the existence of the universal cycles, constructing such a cycle involves finding an Eulerian cycle in a certain graph and then dealing with partially ordered sets. In this paper, we offer a simple way to generate a universal cycle for permutations of length [Formula: see text], which is based on applying a greedy algorithm to a permutation of length [Formula: see text]. We prove that this approach gives a unique universal cycle [Formula: see text] for permutations, and we study properties of [Formula: see text].

To establish a convenient and rapid method for extracting DNA from bone.Fifteen long bone samples were washed and sterilized. The skeletal fragments were obtained by electric drill, and lysed by PrepFilerSTR genotyping was successfully obtained in 14 out of the 15 samples, and the detection rate was 93.33%.The method for DNA extraction from bone established in present study is convenient, quick, effective, and with a strong applicability, which is worth spreading and applying.

Chen proposed a conjecture on the log-concavity of the generating function for the symmetric group with respect to the length of longest increasing subsequences of permutations. Motivated by Chen's log-concavity conjecture, B\'{o}na, Lackner and Sagan further studied similar problems by restricting the whole symmetric group to certain of its subsets. They obtained the log-concavity of the corresponding generating functions for these subsets by using the hook-length formula. In this paper, we generalize and prove their results by establishing the Schur positivity of certain symmetric functions. This also enables us to propose a new approach to Chen's original conjecture., Comment: 9 pages

In order to obtain effective corrosion protection for Mg–11Li–3Al–0·5 rare earth alloy, a combined epoxy/SiO2 hybrid conversion coating was investigated in this paper. Initially ceria or phytic acid conversion coatings were applied on the substrate, then an epoxy/SiO2 hybrid coating was applied on top of the conversion coating. Potentiodynamic polarisation curves were used to evaluate the effects of the silica content on corrosion resistance, and an optimum was confirmed at 3 wt-%. Hydrogen evolution and salt spray testing were employed to compare the corrosion resistance of the ceria and phytic acid based hybrid coatings and results indicated that the phytic acid hybrid coating was more effective than the ceria based coating. This was ascribed to reaction between the phytic acid functional groups (hydroxyl and phosphate) with the epoxy/SiO2 hybrid coatings increasing adhesion between the coatings. The corrosion of the phytic acid based hybrid coating was investigated using electrochemical impedan...

Gao, L. L., Zhang, Q., Sun, X. Y., Jiang, L., Zhang, R., Sun, G. Y., Zha, Y. L., and Biggs, A. R. 2013. Etiology of moldy core, core browning, and core rot of Fuji apple in China. Plant Dis. 97:510-516. ‘Fuji’ apple fruit were collected in Shaanxi Province, China, and 186 fungal isolates were obtained from the fruit core region. Fungi were isolated from fruit with symptomless core regions, as well as from the core regions of fruit showing browning, typical moldy core, or core rot. Based on phylogenetic and morphological analysis, all fungi were identified to species. Pathogenicity was determined by cutting apple fruit into halves and daubing spore suspensions containing 1 × 104 up to 1 × 10 8 spores/ml on the carpel in the core region. Pathogenicity varied significantly among genera, with Alternaria and Cladosporium spp. causing core browning at lower spore concentrations and moldy core at higher spore concentrations. Combinations of pathogens initiated more browning and moldy core than the pathogens applied alone. Epicoccum and Phoma spp. predominated in dry core rot, whereas primarily Trichothecium but also Fusarium and Penicillium spp. caused wet core rot. Core browning was introduced as a new type of core symptom, along with moldy core, dry core rot, and wet core rot. Alternaria alternata, A. tenuissima, A. arborescens, Cladosporium cladosporioides, and C. tenuissimum were the main pathogens causing core browning and moldy core. Moldy core is an important disease of apple worldwide. It has been recorded in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, South Africa, The Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and the United States (28). It is characterized by the growth of mycelia within the locules, with or without penetration to the flesh immediately surrounding the core (7,28). Moldy core of apple is undetectable until the fruit is cut open or consumed, potentially affecting consumer confidence (22). In one test in Australia, 5% of stored ‘Fuji’ apple fruit exhibited moldy core (8). During late summer to early fall 1993, moldy core was very common in Fuji apple in the San Joaquin Valley of California (10). In 2003, the incidence of ‘Red Delicious’ apple fruit infected with moldy core in some orchards of northern Israel was up to 40% (15). Many studies have shown that moldy core is caused by a variety of fungi. In Oregon, the most common fungi associated with moldy core were Alternaria, Stemphylium, Cladosporium, Ulocladium, Epicoccum, Coniothyrium, and Pleospora spp. (28). Alternaria spp. were the most commonly isolated fungi associated with moldy core of ‘Delicious’ apple fruit in Ohio (7). Fungi that were associated with core rot of ‘Starking’ apple fruit in South Africa included Alternaria alternata, Pleospora herbarum, Coniothyrium sp., Penicillium funiculosum, P. expansum, P. ramulosum , and P. sp. (aff. dendriticum) (3,35). During investigations in 2004 to 2006 in apple orchards in Slovenia, Fusarium avenaceum was identified as the causal agent of a wet apple core rot. Infections were associated with high amounts of mycotoxins, which may pose a risk for consumers of fresh or processed apple products (26,27). Combrink et al. (4) indicated that core infection occurs progressively as fungal spores and bacteria become established on senescing blossoms after the full bloom stage of bud development. Little et al. (9) indicated that fungal spores may gain entry to the seed locules via the calycine sinus at any stage of fruit development. Snowdon (25) noted that the incidence of moldy core tended to increase following intensive spray programs to reduce other fungi. Conditions of high relative humidity, mild temperatures, and tissue susceptibility are important factors that affect natural infection in orchards. Once inside the fruit, the pathogens are protected from contact fungicides and conditions for their continued growth are excellent (6,11,18,19,29,30). The accepted common name “moldy core” includes the typical moldy core symptom, as well as the more advanced core rot symptom (American Phytopathological Society Common Names of Plant Diseases). The term “moldy core” as used herein refers to all the symptom types associated with core infections although, later in the article, we show that different pathogens are involved in the different symptom groups. Although much is known about moldy core in other countries, very few studies have been conducted in China, the world’s largest apple-producing country. Fuji is the main apple cultivar in China, comprising approximately 70% of current production. It is essential to know whether moldy core of Fuji apple in China has an etiology similar to that in other countries or whether other organisms are involved. The objective of this study was to identify the pathogens associated with moldy core of Fuji apple in China and investigate their various roles in production of moldy core symptoms.

In order to obtain a high quality protective plating coating on Mg–16Li–5Al–0.5RE alloy, a zinc dipping technique at room temperature was investigated. The zinc dipping technique included two immersion processes, the primary immersion process and the secondary immersion process. Primary zinc transition layers (PZTLs) and secondary zinc transition layers (SZTLs) were obtained after the primary and secondary immersion processes, respectively. The polarization curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were employed to characterize PZTLs and SZTLs. The results indicated that immersion time had obvious effects on PZTLs and SZTLs, the optimum primary immersion time and secondary immersion time were 5 min and 30 s, respectively. Then nickel-plating coating deposited on the SZTL of Mg–16Li–5Al–0.5RE alloy was investigated via EDS, SEM, polarization curves, and EIS. The results demonstrated that the nickel-plating coating obviously improved corrosion resistance of Mg–16Li–5Al–0.5RE alloy and had good adherence property with the alloy because of the presence of zinc transition layer on the alloy.

Introduction: Weight loss amongst women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is crucial to reduce the risk of endocrine, reproductive and metabolic complications including hirsutism, menstrual disturbances and cardiovascular disease. With approximately 50% of women with PCOS being overweight or obese, effective dietary management of weight in PCOS is essential. However, there is inconsistent evidence as to whether specifically modified diets (e.g. reduced carbohydrate diets) are more effective at achieving weight loss amongst women with PCOS than are conventional healthy hypocaloric diets. Material and Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials that had compared weight and BMI between women with PCOS who had undergone either a specifically modified diet or a conventional healthy hypocaloric diet were performed. Six electronic databases were searched, a manual search of the reference lists of the included studies was carried out and authors were contacted for additional information. Nine studies with a total of 395 participants (all with a body mass index [BMI] ≥30) were included in the meta-analysis. The effect size used was the mean difference in post-intervention weight and BMI between participants who had undergone a specifically modified diet and participants who had undergone a conventional healthy hypocaloric diet. Results: There were no differences between groups in post-intervention weight (mean difference 1.26, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.92 to 3.43, p = .26; heterogeneity I2 = 50%, p = .04) or BMI (mean difference 0.15, 95% CI -0.93 to 1.23, p = 0.79; heterogeneity I2 = 44%, p = 0.10). Subgroup analyses according to the presence of a dietary run-in period (a period at the start of the study during which all participants are placed on an identical diet in order to equalize them on variables influenced by diet), intervention duration and type of diet and a sensitivity analysis according to study quality were not significant. Conclusions: Whilst the results should be interpreted in light of the moderate heterogeneity observed, they suggest that specifically modified diets offer no added benefit for weight loss in women with PCOS over conventional healthy hypocaloric diets. The findings of this meta-analysis may promote the unification of guidelines for the dietary management of PCOS and allow clinicians to be confident in prescribing conventional healthy hypocaloric diets for weight loss amongst their PCOS patients.

Samples of Cu–10Al–4Fe deformed by equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) were annealed at 500°C for a time of 2 h. The microstructural evolution of deformed and annealed materials was studied by an optical microscope. The effect of annealing on the mechanical and tribological properties of the alloy was also investigated. Experimental results showed that the grain size of the alloy was refined after ECAE and further refined after annealing treatment. Accordingly, the hardness and yield strength of the alloy were increased. The friction coefficient and wear volume of the alloy were greatly reduced due to the improvement of mechanical properties after ECAE and annealing.

Equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) process was carried out for a commercial aluminum bronze alloy (Cu–10%Al–4%Fe) produced by hotrolling at high temperature. The effect of ECAE on microstructure, mechanical, and tribological properties of the alloy was investigated. Experimental results showed that the grain size of the alloy decreased with the increase of the pass number of ECAE. After applying ECAE with six passes, the hardness and yield strength of the alloy increased from 118 kgf/mm2 and 356 MPa to 165 kgf/mm2 and 588 MPa, respectively. The friction coefficient and wear rate of the aluminum bronze alloy were largely reduced due to the improvement of mechanical properties after ECAE. The adhesive wear was the primary wear mechanism for the specimen without ECAE, while abrasive wear was dominant for the specimen with ECAE after six passes.

This overview reports the global research advances in acupuncture point injection in the last 5 years. Acupuncture point injection can be applied to a wide range of curable diseases, predominantly those involving pain, but it has poor clinical evidence. Progress has been attained in the mechanism research on acupuncture point injection, but further studies remain necessary. With the reported adverse effects of acupuncture point injection, the need to standardize its clinical procedure has become urgent.

A word $w=w_1w_2\cdots w_n$ is alternating if either $w_1w_3\cdots$ (when the word is up-down) or $w_1>w_2w_4, Comment: 25 pages; To appear in Discrete Mathematics

Generally, accuracy of non-contact temperature measurement is not high because of the effects of ambient temperature and surface thermal emissivity of measured target. Differential measurement technology is measuring both temperature of a reference target and a measured target with the same temperature measurement device. As ambient temperature, rays and surface thermal emissivity of heating unit have nearly the same effects on two targets, actual measurement error of reference temperature actual value can be used to correct temperature error of measured target. When working environment of reference target and measured target are basically the same, differential measurement can eliminate most measurement error caused by environmental factors. This method is mainly used in non-contact temperature measurement requiring high accuracy.

Introduction In the Ph2b CERTIFI study, a single intravenous (IV) UST induction dose was effective & safe in CD pts previously failing anti-TNFs, 1 but efficacy in pts only failing conventional therapy is unknown. We evaluated 2 IV UST induction dose regimens in a CD population not refractory to anti-TNFs. Methods Pts with moderate-severely active CD (CDAI 220–450) who failed conventional therapy but were not refractory to anti-TNFs were randomised to a single dose of IV PBO, UST 130 mg, or weight-based tiered UST dosing ~6 mg/kg. Primary endpoint was clinical response at Wk6 (reduction in CDAI score of ≥100 pts). At Wk8, pts transitioned to IM-UNITI maintenance study or had safety follow-up through Wk20. Results Of 628 pts randomised, median disease duration was 6.4 yrs; baseline (BL) mean CDAI was 303; 39% & 35% were receiving steroids & immunomodulators, respectively at BL; 69% were naive to anti-TNFs. At Wk6, 55.5% & 51.7% in ~6 mg/kg & 130 mg UST grps were in clinical response vs 28.7% PBO (p Conclusion IV UST induced clinical response & remission in pts with moderate-severe CD not previously failing anti-TNFs & was well-tolerated through induction. Reference 1 Sandborn WJ, et al . N Engl J Med 2012; 367 :1519–1528. Disclosure of Interest B. Feagan Grant/research support from: Abbott/AbbVie, Amgen, Astra Zeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb (BMS), Janssen Biotech (Centocor), JnJ/Janssen, Roche/Genentech, Millennium, Pfizer, Receptos, Santarus, Sanofi, Tillotts, UCB Pharma, Consultant for: Abbott/AbbVie, Actogenix, Akros, Albireo Pharma, Amgen, Astra Zeneca, Avaxia Biologics Inc., Avir Pharma, Axcan, Baxter Healthcare Corp., Biogen Idec, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Calypso Biotech, Celgene, Elan/Biogen, EnGene, Ferring Pharma, Roche/Genentech, GiCare Pharma, Gilead, Given Imaging Inc., GSK, Ironwood Pharma, Janssen Biotech (Centocor), JnJ/Janssen, Kyowa Kakko Kirin Co Ltd., Lexicon, Lilly, Lycera BioTech, Merck, Mesoblast Pharma, Millennium, Nektar, Nestles, Novonordisk, Pfizer, Prometheus Therapeutics and Diagnostics, Protagonist, Receptos, Salix Pharma, Serono, Shire, Sigmoid Pharma, Synergy Pharma Inc., Takeda, Teva Pharma, TiGenix, Tillotts, UCB Pharma, Vertex Pharma, VHsquared Ltd., Warner-Chilcott, Wyeth, Zealand, Zyngenia, Speaker bureau with: Abbott/AbbVie, JnJ/Janssen, Takeda, Warner-Chilcott, UCB Pharma, Conflict with: Patent holder; Member Scientific Advisory board, Abbott/AbbVie, Amgen, Astra Zeneca, Avaxia Biologics Inc., Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene, Centocor Inc., Elan/Biogen, Ferring, JnJ/Janssen, Merck, Nestles, Novartis, Novonordisk, Pfizer, Prometheus Laboratories, Protagonist, Salix Pharma, Takeda, Teva, TiGenix, Tillotts Pharma AG, UCB Pharma; Member, Board of Directors Officer – Robarts Clinical Trials Inc, C. Gasink Shareholder of: Janssen, Employee of: Janssen, Y. Lang Shareholder of: Janssen, Employee of: Janssen, J. Friedman Shareholder of: Janssen, Employee of: Janssen, J. Johanns Shareholder of: Janssen, Employee of: Janssen, L.-L. Gao Shareholder of: Janssen, Employee of: Janssen, B. Sands Grant/research support from: Janssen, Consultant for: Janssen, S. Hanauer Grant/research support from: Janssen, Consultant for: Janssen, Conflict with: Lecturer for Janssen, P. Rutgeerts Grant/research support from: JJ Scientific Advisory Board Member Symbiotix, S. Ghosh Grant/research support from: Abbvie, Conflict with: International Steering Committees: Janssen, Abbvie, Pfizer, Receptos, BMS, Aerpio; Advisory Committees: Takeda, Abbvie, Janssen, Pfizer, Allergan, W. de Villiers Conflict with: member of steering committee, active participant as investigator, J.-F. Colombel Consultant for: Pfizer, Takeda, Protagonist Therapies, Celgene, Genentech, Second Genome, Vertex, Amgen, Merck Sharp Dohme, Janssen, Nestle, AbbVie, Tigenix, Receptos, Conflict with: Speaker for AbbVie, Ferring, Shire, Takeda, Z. Tulassay: None Declared, U. Seidler Conflict with: Local continuing medical education seminars for MSD, W. Sandborn Grant/research support from: Receptos, Exact Sciences, Amgen, the American College of Gastroenterology, Broad Foundation, Prometheus Laboratories, AbbVie, Boehringer Ingelheim, Takeda, Atlantic Pharmaceuticals, Janssen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Genentech, Pfizer, and Nutrition Science Partners, Conflict with: Personal fees from Receptos, Prometheus Laboratories, AbbVie, Boehringer Ingelheim, Takeda, Atlantic Pharmaceuticals, Janssen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Genentech, Pfizer, Nutrition Science Partners, Kyowa Hakko Kirin, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Celgene Cellular Therapeutics, Santarus, Salix Pharmaceuticals, Catabasis Pharmaceuticals, Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Warner Chilcott, Gilead Sciences, Cosmo Pharmaceuticals, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Sigmoid Biotechnologies, Tillotts Pharma, Am Pharma BV, Dr. August Wolff, Avaxia Biologics, Zyngenia, Ironwood Pharmaceuticals, Index Pharmaceuticals, Nestle, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, UCB Pharma, Orexigen, Luitpold Pharmaceuticals, Baxter Healthcare, Ferring Research Institute, Amgen, Novo Nordisk, Mesoblast Inc., Shire, Ardelyx Inc., Actavis, Seattle Genetics, MedImmune (AstraZeneca), Actogenix NV, Lipid Therapeutics Gmbh, Eisai, Qu Biologics, Toray Industries Inc., Teva Pharmaceuticals, Eli Lilly, Chiasma, TiGenix, Adherion Therapeutics, Immune Pharmaceuticals, Celgene, Arena Pharmaceuticals, Ambrx Inc., Akros Pharma, Vascular Biogenics, Theradiag, Forward Pharma, Regeneron, Galapagos, Seres Health, Ritter Pharmaceuticals, Theravance, Palatin, Biogen, and the University of Western Ontario (owner of Robarts Clinical Trials); non-financial support from Receptos

A word $w=w_1w_2\cdots w_n$ is alternating if either $w_1w_3\cdots$ (when the word is up-down) or $w_1>w_2w_4

The gravity driven boron injection system (GDBIS), designed by the Institute of Nuclear Energy Technology (INET) of the Tsinghua University, PR China, is a new type of passive system to be applied in the 200 MW nuclear heating reactor also designed by INET, The purpose of this system is to shutdown the reactor in an emergency, in case the control rods do not operate properly, The pressure response time and the thermal hydraulic performance of the system have been investigated under different initial conditions. The research results for cold (room temperature nitrogen) and hot (mixture of hot steam and nitrogen) operating conditions are presented. Firstly several factors, e. g. the flow resistance character of the steam and liquid lines, and the volume ratio of the upper spaces of reactor and boron injection tank, affect the pressure response time and the thermal hydraulic performance of the system. Secondly, the steam and liquid communication modes, namely, the time and sequence of the action of valves connecting steam and liquid lines, have great influence on the performance of the system. Thirdly, the limited pressure balance time (about 1.5∼2.0 s) can be achieved under cold operating conditions. This investigation shows that GDBIS can be properly used in the 200 MW nuclear heating reactor.