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This study examined the moderating effects of skin tone and skin tone satisfaction on the relations between gendered racial microaggressions and traumatic stress symptoms among self-identified Black women between 18 and 50 years old ( N = 237). It was hypothesized that skin tone and skin tone satisfaction would moderate the relation between gendered racial microaggressions and traumatic stress, such that having a darker skin tone and lower levels of skin tone satisfaction would exacerbate the association between gendered racial microaggressions and traumatic stress symptoms. Results from two hierarchical multiple linear regression analyses indicated skin tone satisfaction significantly moderated the association between gendered racial microaggressions and traumatic stress symptoms, whereas skin tone did not. Findings suggest that skin tone satisfaction may play a bigger role in buffering or exacerbating the link between gendered racial microaggressions and mental health among Black women than skin tone alone. The results can inform future research and clinical practice on the important role of skin tone satisfaction in the link between gendered racial microaggressions and traumatic stress among Black women.

A multi band (MB) sliceable bandwidth/bit rate variable (S-BVT) architecture is experimentally assessed over a disaggregated optical metro network. The programmability of the MB S-BVT is demonstrated by the implementation of an OpenConfig SDN agent.

Secondary microaggressions refer to the ways in which people of historically dominant groups negate the realities of people of marginalized groups. Gaslighting describes the act of manipulating others to doubt themselves or question their own sanity; people confronted for committing microaggressions deny the existence of their biases, often convincing the targets of microaggressions to question their own perceptions. ‘Splaining (derived from mansplaining/Whitesplaining) is an act in which a person of a dominant group speaks for or provides rationale to people of marginalized groups about topics related to oppression or inequity. Victim blaming refers to assigning fault to people who experience violence or wrongdoing and is used as a tool to discredit people of marginalized groups who speak out against microaggressions or any injustices. Finally, abandonment and neglect refer to a bystander’s failure to address or acknowledge microaggressions. Although these terms are commonly known among marginalized communities (and frequently used in popular media), there is a dearth in academic literature that substantiates these phenomena and relates them to microaggressions. The purpose of this article is to review these concepts in the psychological literature and to demonstrate the psychological harm caused by these behaviors on interpersonal and systemic levels.

espanolEl confinamiento domiciliario, que empezo el 14 de marzo de 2020, nos llevo al aislamiento y, a la vez, a tener que disenar nuevas propuestas de trabajo que permitieran dar continuidad a la atencion individual y grupal de los alumnos con discapacidad visual atendidos desde el Centro de Recursos Educativos para alumnos con Discapacidad Visual–Centro de Recursos Educativos (CREDV-CRE) de la ONCE en Barcelona, subsede de Gerona. A partir de esta nueva realidad, las maestras de apoyo de dichos alumnos organizamos dos actividades de trabajo en grupo: «Padrins lectors» (destinado a alumnos con discapacidad visual expertos e iniciados en el con codigo de lectoescritura braille) y «Taller de lectura» (destinado a alumnos con discapacidad visual, con codigo de lectoescritura braille o tinta, de los ciclos medio y superior de educacion primaria). Los objetivos generales para la elaboracion de las propuestas de actividades grupales fueron: fomentar el vinculo entre alumnos con discapacidad visual, potenciar el interes por la lectura y el uso de las herramientas de acceso a la informacion. Las actividades se llevaron a cabo a traves de plataformas digitales, seleccionadas en funcion de los requisitos de la actividad, la accesibilidad y la capacidad de acceso de los participantes y sus familias. Es importante destacar que, al inicio del confinamiento, el uso de las plataformas para realizar reuniones y, especialmente sesiones de aprendizaje en alumnos de 3 a 16 anos, no estaba extendido entre la poblacion, por lo que para el diseno y ejecucion de las propuestas no dispusimos de experiencias previas en las que apoyarnos. La valoracion que hicimos las maestras del equipo fue muy satisfactoria. No solo alcanzamos los objetivos propuestos, sino que destacamos la alta participacion del alumnado, la interrelacion e implicacion de las familias y la posibilidad de disponer de una ventana de acceso al trabajo virtual con los alumnos que estabamos atendiendo, y asi poder evaluar necesidades y promover aprendizajes. EnglishHomebound lockdown, effective beginning on 14 March 2020, brought both isolation and a need, at the Gerona Branch of ONCE’s Barcelona Educational Resource Centre for Students with Visual Disability - Educational Resource Centre (CREDV CRE), to design new working models to continue to provide individualised and group support for students with visual disability. To accommodate the new situation, support teachers designed two group activities: ‘Padrins lectors’ geared to students with visual disability familiar with and expert users of Braille; and a ‘Reading Workshop’ for middle or upper primary school students with visual disability using either Braille or ink format read-write code. The general objectives sought with these group activities included encouraging links among students with visual disability, heightening their interest in reading and teaching them to use tools for accessing information. Activities were undertaken on digital platforms selected on the grounds of task requirements, accessibility and openness of access to participants and their families. One important observation in this regard is that when lockdown was first instituted, neither online learning nor virtual meetings were widely extended across the population in general or 3- to 16-year-old students in particular. As a result no prior information was in place that could be used as a reference for designing and implementing proposals for action. The teaching team found the experience to be highly satisfactory. The approach was deemed to favour not only attainment of the objectives but other positive outcomes as well: high student participation rates, intensified family interrelations and involvement and the creation of a window to work virtually with students, evaluate their needs and further their learning.

Drug delivery into the inner ear is a significant challenge due to its inaccessibility as a fluid-filled cavity within the temporal bone of the skull. The round window membrane (RWM) is the only delivery portal from the middle ear to the inner ear that does not require perforation of bone. Recent advances in microneedle fabrication enable the RWM to be perforated safely with polymeric microneedles as a means to enhance the rate of drug delivery from the middle ear to the inner ear. However, the polymeric material is not biocompatible and also lacks the strength of other materials. Herein we describe the design and development of gold-coated metallic microneedles suitable for RWM perforation. When developing microneedle technology for drug delivery, we considered three important general attributes: (1) high strength and ductility material, (2) high accuracy and precision of fabrication, and (3) broad design freedom. We developed a hybrid additive manufacturing method using two-photon lithography and electrochemical deposition to fabricate ultra-sharp gold-coated copper microneedles with these attributes. We refer to the microneedle fabrication methodology as two-photon templated electrodeposition (2PTE). We demonstrate the use of these microneedles by inducing a perforation with a minimal degree of trauma in a guinea pig RWM while the microneedle itself remains undamaged. Thus, this microneedle has the potential literally of opening the RWM for enhanced drug delivery into the inner ear. Finally, the 2PTE methodology can be applied to many different classes of microneedles for other drug delivery purposes as well the fabrication of small scale structures and devices for non-medical applications. Graphical Abstract Fully metallic ultra-sharp microneedle mounted at end of a 24-gauge stainless steel blunt syringe needle tip: (left) Size of microneedle shown relative to date stamp on U.S. one-cent coin; (right) Perforation through guinea pig round window membrane introduced with microneedle.

Disaggregation in optical networks is particularly relevant to be considered for the deployment of 5G services and towards the support of 6G. Particularly in the metro area network (MAN), this is especially crucial, as is the adoption of suitable photonic technologies enabling dense integration to design a sustainable network architecture. Furthermore, to dynamically allocate the ever-increasing traffic, supporting multiterabit capacity, an optimal usage of the available resources by properly exploiting the multiple dimensions (including the spectral and spatial ones), with programmable and adaptive data plane solutions, is key. In this work, we assess the capabilities of a disaggregated MAN that relies on new photonic devices, node architectures, and sliceable bandwidth/bit-rate-variable transceivers, approaching wavelength division multiplexing and space division multiplexing. A hierarchical network topology is attained and the feasibility of a cross-hierarchy optical continuum is demonstrated. In fact, we experimentally demonstrate the successful transmission of multiterabits/second capacity across multiple nodes corresponding to different hierarchy levels that have different implementation schemes and support different technologies. For the top tier hierarchy level nodes, we demonstrate the transmission of up to 8 × 11 = 88 spatial/spectral channels, for a total capacity of 1.676 Tb/s, employing a node architecture able to handle up to 2560 spatial/spectral channels at different aggregation levels and granularities.

We experimentally demonstrate a 5G digital fronthaul network that relies on multi-adaptive bandwidth/bitrate variable transceivers (BVTs) and an autonomic software-defined networking (SDN) control system for partially-disaggregated wavelength division multiplexing (WDM)/space division multiplexing (SDM) . Transmission of 256-QAM 760.32 MHz orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) radio signal is performed, with a total radio transmission capacity of 5.667 Gb/s. Digitized signal samples are carried as a 22.25 Gb/s digitized radio-over-fiber (DRoF) data stream and transmitted over a WDM/ SDM infrastructure including 40-wavelength 100-GHz arrayed waveguide gratings (AWGs) and 19-core fiber. The autonomic SDN controller deploys a control loop for the multiadaptive OFDM-based BVTs that monitors the per-subcarrier signal to noise ratio (SNR) and assigns the optimal constellation based on the actual signal degradation. An error vector magnitude (EVM) below the targeted 2.1% is achieved while setting up connections in less than 5 s., Work supported by the EC H2020 BLUESPACE (762055) and Spanish MICINN AURORAS (RTI2018-099178) projects.

While previous studies have found significant relationships between racial microagressions, depression, and anxiety, few studies have examined the effects of racial microaggressions on traumatic stress. Furthermore, although trauma has been traditionally conceptualized as psychophysiological reactions to life-threatening events, the notion of racial trauma has been excluded, despite resulting in similar symptomatology. The current study utilized a correlational, cross-sectional design with a racially diverse sample of people of color (N=254) to investigate the relationships between racial microaggressions, racially- or culturally-related trauma, and trauma symptoms. Using hierarchical multiple regression analysis, results indicated that a greater frequency of racial microaggressions was significantly associated with greater traumatic stress symptoms, and that school or workplace microaggressions were the type of microaggression that was most associated with traumatic symptoms. Implications are discussed, including the need for counselors, psychologists, and helping professionals to consider racial microaggressions as traumatic events while using culturally-informed trauma-focused methods to normalize and empower people of color.

Introduction: This study reports our experience with the use of an ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (Onyx™) for the treatment of type II endoleak after endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms (EVAR) in comparison to coils and cyanoacrylate glue. Methods: Clinical data of all patients treated for type II endoleak following EVAR between 2009 and 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) diameter and AAA sac volume during follow-up were measured using computed tomography angiography (CTA). Treatment failure variables were created for the change in sac diameter and volume. An increase in sac diameter ≥ 5 mm was considered a failure, as was an increase ≥ 10% in AAA sac volume. Results: 35 patients underwent treatment for a persistent type II endoleak following EVAR. Of these patients, 18 (51.4%) were treated with Onyx and 17 (48.6%) were treated with coils ± cyanoacrylate glue embolization. There were no significant differences between the 2 groups with regard to demographics. The average volume of Onyx used per treatment was 13.4 ml (range 4.5 ml- 39 ml). There was no difference in efficacy between the Onyx and non-Onyx group. Complications were limited to 1 non-target embolization without significant clinical sequelae. Conclusions: Ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (Onyx™) embolization is similarly effective compared to traditional cyanoacrylate glue or coil embolization in the treatment of type II endoleak after EVAR.

Microaggressions are brief and commonplace daily verbal, behavioral, or environmental indignities, intentional or unintentional, that demonstrate bias toward members of historically marginalized groups. While numerous quantitative studies on racial microaggressions have emerged in recent years, studies on sexual orientation and gender identity microaggressions have been mostly qualitative-likely due to limited measures of anti-LGBTQ microaggressions. In this three-part study, the Sexual Orientation Microaggressions Scale (SOMS) and the Gender Identity Microaggressions Scale (GIMS) are introduced to empirically explore the multifaceted experiences of microaggressions toward lesbian, gay, bisexual, and queer (LGBQ) people and transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) people. In Study 1 (

Though the Supreme Court of the U.S. legalized same-sex marriage in 2015, heterosexism and transphobia has continued to manifest through many systems in the US — from lack of federal protection in ...

Previous literature has described how people of historically marginalized groups (namely people of color, women, queer and transgender people, people living with disabilities, immigrants, and people of religious minority groups) are likely to internalize negative, oppressive feelings about their identities (David, 2014; David, Schroeder, & Femandez, 2019). For example, studies have found that many women and people of color (and women of color, in particular) experience what has been labeled as imposter phenomenon, or the notion that they are not intelligent or adequate enough, despite evidence that confirms their success or worth. Similarly, people of color and people from other historically marginalized groups are known to experience stereotype threat, or anxiety about performance or behaviors that could confirm biases about a social group they belong to. Finally, previous literature shows that people of historically marginalized groups navigate various types of microaggressions, or subtle or covert biased statements and behaviors that negatively impact their self-esteem, academic performance, mental health, and physical health. While the terms microaggressions, stereotype threat, and imposter phenomenon have been discussed thoroughly in academic literature, less is written about the connections between these concepts. Utilizing intersectionality theory, the current paper will propose an interactional model between these constructs and aims to describe how cumulative effects of microaggressions exacerbate and contribute to internalized oppression. Based on this model, this paper will also provide recommendations for future directions in psychological research and practice.

Transgender people have more frequent and negative interactions with police by way of brutality, unwarranted stops, and detainments on the basis of gender identity (Amnesty International, 2005; Wurth, Schleifer, McLemore, Todrys, & Amon, 2013). The present study aims to expand on current psychological literature by understanding the relationship between gender identity, perceptions of police, and willingness to interact with police. A non-equivalent control group design was employed to compare differences among cisgender men, cisgender women, and trans* participants regarding their perceptions of police and level of comfort with interacting with police.

While the literature on lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) people in academia has increased over the past two decades, there is a dearth of research concentrating on LGBTQ graduate students and faculty of color. The present paper provides an overview of LGBTQ people of color’s experiences across different educational systems and academic levels, from K-12 education to faculty positions. Specific to higher education, social determinants to academic success for LGBTQ people of color are identified - ranging from systemic and interpersonal discrimination, mental health issues, and social support. One organization that has attempted to queer the academy is the LGBTQ Scholars of Color National Network, which was created in 2014 to connect and advance the LGBTQ people of color in academia. Data from the network is introduced – highlighting participants’ need for a network for queer and trans people of color (N = 368), as well as value of having such a network (N = 132). Results support the need to disrupt educational systems by “queering” and “browning” a pipeline for LGBTQ people of color in academia. In doing so, I push to dismantle the inequities experienced by LGBTQ faculty of color and to increase awareness of systemic oppression in higher education.

In recent years, the study of racial microaggressions (or subtle forms of racial discrimination) has increased significantly in the social sciences, particularly highlighting the negative impact of racial microaggressions on individuals’ mental health. Despite this, there is a dearth of literature that has examined the relationship between racial microaggressions and physical and psychological health. Using two self-reported measures—the Racial and Ethnic Microaggressions Scale (REMS) and the RAND 36-Item Short Form Health Survey—with a diverse group of participants (N = 277), results suggest that racial microaggressions are significantly correlated with poorer health conditions. Furthermore, racial microaggressions were found to predict various types of physical health conditions, such as general health problems, pain, lower energy levels, and fatigue. Finally, different types of microaggressions (e.g., microaggressions in school or the workplace, environmental microaggressions) were found to be ...

International audience; Estrus synchronization is important for optimal management of gilt reproduction in pig farms. Hormonal treatments, such as synthetic progestogens, are used on a routine basis, but there is a growing demand for non-hormonal alternative breeding tools. Before puberty, gilts exhibit a ‘waiting period,’ related to the ovarian development and gonadotrophin secretions, during which external stimulations, such as boar exposure, could induce and synchronize first ovulation. Practical non-invasive tools for identification of this period in farms are lacking. During this period, urinary oestrone levels are high, but urine sampling is difficult in group-housed females. The aim of this work was to search for specific biomarkers of the ‘waiting period’ in saliva and urine. In total, nine 144- to 147-day-old Large White gilts were subjected to trans-abdominal ultrasonography three times a week for 5 weeks until puberty detection (week –5 to week –1 before puberty). Urine and saliva samples were collected for oestrone assay to detect the ‘waiting period’ and for metabolome analysis using 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to detect potential biomarkers of the ‘waiting period.’ Gilts were slaughtered 7 days after puberty detection for puberty confirmation. Results were consistent with ultrasonography data for six gilts. Urine and saliva samples from these six gilts were analyzed. Urinary estrone concentration significantly increased 2 weeks before puberty detection. Metabolome analysis of urine samples allowed the identification of 78 spectral bins, among them, 42 low-molecular-weight metabolites were identified. Metabolome analysis of salivary samples allowed the identification of 59 spectral bins, among them, 23 low-molecular-weight metabolites were detected and 17 were identified. No potential biomarker was identified in urinary samples. In saliva, butyrate and 2HOvalerate, 5.79 ppm (putatively uridine), formate, malonate and propionate could be biomarker candidates to ascertain the pre-puberty period in gilt reproduction. These results confirm that non-invasive salivary samples could allow the identification of the physiological status of the gilts and presumably the optimal time for application of the boar effect. This could contribute to synchronize puberty onset and hence to develop non-hormonal breeding tools.

In 1991 Martin Duberman and his colleagues founded the Center for Lesbian and Gay Studies (CLAGS) at the Graduate Center in the City University of New York (CUNY). Since its inception, CLAGS has been at the forefront of queer studies, promoting the study of historical, cultural, and political issues of vital concern to lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) individuals and communities. For twenty-five years, CLAGS has sponsored groundbreaking public programs and conferences; has offered fellowships and scholarships to academics, artists, and students; and has functioned as an indispensable conduit of information. As the first university-based LGBTQ research center in the United States, CLAGS (which was rebranded in 2014 as CLAGS: The Center for LGBTQ Studies) has served as a national center for the promotion of queer and trans* studies.For decades, CLAGS has been a haven for many queer theorists- from the CLAGS founder Martin Duberman to Kessler Award Winners (e.g., Judith Butler, Jonathan Ned Katz, Susan Stryker) to past CLAGS board members (e.g., Jose Esteban Munoz, Lisa Duggan, and Gayatri Gopinath). Queer theorists aim to challenge the conceptualizations ofwhat is legitimate and acceptable. CLAGS has been a place where people question how "normal" is conceived in society (through gender binaries, sexualities, politics, behavior) while celebrating what is "queer" (applauding that which is different while validating experiences of the oppressed). Queer theorists recognize that systemic heterosexism, sexism, and transphobia are embedded throughout society and that it is imperative to change the ways that scholars approach research, so as to not condone heteronormative and cis-sexist male approaches as the only methods of inquiry.Without the queering of methods of the past, there would be a dearth of LGBTQ academic literature today. If scholars in LGBTQ studies (including those involved with CLAGS for the past twenty-five years) had merely focused on rigid scientific methods as ways of rejecting null hypotheses, it is probable that there would be little academic writing about LGBTQ people. Participant samples would never be large enough, resulting in low effect sizes and few analyses that would be considered scientifically robust. If previous researchers had limited themselves to measures normed on samples of white, heterosexual, and cisgender men, it is likely that LGBTQpeople (and others) would continue to be stereotyped as abnormal, inferior to the dominant groups, or both.Over the years, CLAGS's approach to queering methods has been multifaceted. First, through public programs CLAGS encourages dialogue with people affiliated with the academy, as well as those who are not. In doing so, CLAGS offers CUNY students a queer education in that they learn not just from professors and textbooks but also from community members from multiple educational backgrounds, perspectives, and life experiences. Concurrently, CLAGS also queers education for individuals without scholastic opportunities, who now have access to learn about theoretical concepts that they might not ever be exposed to otherwise. For instance, since 1998, the CLAGS Seminar in the City series has allowed community members to take weekly classes, taught by a professor, on some topic related to LGBTQ studies. Often, the topic is one that is not offered by traditional academic institutions, such as "Queering the Crip/ Cripping the Queer: Introduction to Queer and Disability Studies" in 2003.CLAGS has also queered research methods to reframe the narrative of LGBTQ research. For centuries, non-LGBTQ-identified researchers studied individuals who were deemed to have nontraditional sexual orientations and gender identities in pathologizing and harmful ways. Scientists performed castrations, lobotomies, electroshock therapy, and other heinous acts to "cure" people of their "disorders." It was not until 1973 that "homosexuality" was removed from the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) on psychiatric disorders. …

Previous literature has found historically marginalized groups report more negative perceptions of the criminal justice system and lower levels of procedural justice, which then influences their mental health and their willingness to report crimes. While previous research on procedural justice has focused mostly on racial and ethnic minority groups, it is hypothesized that lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) individuals would also report negative experiences of the criminal justice system. The current study utilized focus groups with 16 participants who identified as lesbian, gay, bisexual, and queer (LGBQ), with ages ranging from 26 to 35 years (M = 30.5 years, SD = 3.5). Participants were asked open-ended questions about how they felt about various aspects of the criminal justice system (e.g., police officers, courts, legal processes, etc.). Through the consensual qualitative research (CQR) process, researchers identified five domains that influenced participants’ experiences of the c...

Over the last decade, several authors have described the role of racial microaggressions in the lives of historically marginalized populations. However, the exact mechanisms in which racial microaggressions manifest in psychotherapy remain an area in need of further exploration. Drawing from research and scholarship on Feminist therapy and microaggressions, we use a case vignette of a 40-year-old African-American woman in treatment for depression with a White female therapist to demonstrate how microaggressions may unwittingly occur in a clinician–client dyad. We underscore the challenges that White therapists may encounter and provide suggestions and recommendations for culturally responsive therapy.

Microaggressions are subtle forms of discrimination, often unintentional and unconscious, which send negative and denigrating messages to various individuals and groups. Previous literature has focused on microaggressions of singular identities, with little attention to the impacts of intersectional microaggressions (i.e., subtle forms of discrimination that may be influenced by more than 1 identity). The current study utilized a unique qualitative technique to address 2 central goals: (a) to explore whether qualitative analysis is an effective way to examine intersectional microaggressions and (b) to examine whether people with multiple identities could identify intersectional microaggressions in their everyday lives. Utilizing Qualitative Secondary Analysis (QSA) and Consensual Qualitative Research (CQR) methods, the researchers analyzed data from 6 previous qualitative studies with self-identified lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people, women, Filipino Americans, multiracial people, and Muslims (N = 80). Sample themes include (a) Exoticization of Women of Color, (b) Disapproval of LGBT Identity by Racial, Ethnic, and Religious Groups, (c) Assumptions of Inferiority or Criminality of Men of Color, and (d) Gender-Based Stereotypes of Muslim Men and Women. Implications for psychology (particularly for research and practice) are discussed. Finally, the authors advocate for the use of secondary analysis of qualitative data, to understand concepts that would not have been studied or reported through a singular qualitative analysis.

Research suggests that lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals with highly developed positive identities tend to score higher on measures of outness and well-being than those with less positively developed LGB identities. These relationships appear to be nonlinear and a number of mediators have been proposed. To complement extant research, the present investigation posed four hypotheses: (1) negative identity would predict outness; (2) negative identity would predict well-being; (3) negative identity would mediate the relationship between outness and well-being; and (4) individuals who self-identify with intersectional identities will score lower on well-being than those who identify only as LGB.