1. The size, shape, density and ring of the dwarf planet Haumea from a stellar occultation
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Valerio Nascimbeni, J. Lecacheux, Toni Santana-Ros, Agustín Sánchez-Lavega, Pablo Santos-Sanz, L. Nerli, D. T. Koseoglu, Frédéric Vachier, V. Peris, Przemyslaw Bartczak, R. Komžík, Eda Sonbas, Cs. Kiss, Gábor Marton, C. Ries, Yavuz Güney, Marcelo Assafin, Martina Maestripieri, Josselin Desmars, T. G. Mueller, Osman Demircan, O. Erece, V. Granata, A. R. Gomes-Júnior, Francesco Marzari, Ulrich Hopp, Cahit Yeşilyaprak, N. Paschalis, A. Campo Bagatin, B. Gaehrken, Paolo Bacci, V. Tsamis, O. Satir, F. Martinelli, F. L. Rommel, Santiago Pérez-Hoyos, F. Ciabattari, R. Iglesias-Marzoa, Stefano Mottola, Ricardo Hueso, Julio Camargo, Herman Mikuz, Françoise Roques, Mohammad Shameoni Niaei, Mauro Bachini, Vassilis Charmandaris, Jose Luis Ortiz, A. Takácsné Farkas, András Pál, A. Carbognani, L. Tzouganatos, Giuseppe Leto, Aleksandar Cikota, G. Benedetti-Rossi, Roberto Vieira-Martins, Nicolás Morales, José M. Madiedo, Bruno Sicardy, Róbert Szakáts, B. E. Morgado, Theodor Pribulla, Estela Fernández-Valenzuela, M. Butkiewicz-Bąk, Afşar Kabaş, Alvaro Alvarez-Candal, Giacomo Succi, Jérôme Berthier, J. Alikakos, Ç. Püsküllü, Kamil Hornoch, W. Beisker, E. Meza, Stefan Cikota, T. Ozisik, E. Varga-Verebélyi, J. M. Christille, J. C. Guirado, Grzegorz Dudziński, L. Mazzei, J. M. Ohlert, Rene Duffard, Raoul Behrend, S. Kalkan, A. Marciniak, N. Karaman, S. Hellmich, Kosmas Gazeas, Victor Ali-Lagoa, Ozan Ünsalan, Felipe Braga-Ribas, François Colas, Petr Pravec, Diane Berard, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Física, Ingeniería de Sistemas y Teoría de la Señal, Astronomía y Astrofísica, ITA, USA, GBR, FRA, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatorio Nacional [Rio de Janeiro], Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Observatório Nacional/MCT, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), Ondřejov Observatory of the Prague Astronomical Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Centro Astronomico di Libbiano, Associazione Astrofili Alta Valdera, Istituto di Informatica e Telematica (IIT-CNR), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Laboratoire de Cosmologie, Astrophysique Stellaire & Solaire, de Planétologie et de Mécanique des Fluides (CASSIOPEE), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DLR Institute of Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center (DLR), DLR Institut für Planetenforschung, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Berlin] (DLR), Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Institut de Mécanique Céleste et de Calcul des Ephémérides (IMCCE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatório do Valongo/UFRJ [Rio de Janeiro], Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Geneva Observatory, Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA (UMR_8109)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), International Occultation Timing Association European Section (IOTA ES), International Occultation Timing Association European Section, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Lille-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), IESL, Osserv Astrofis Catania, Ist Nazl Astrofis, TKK Helsinki University of Technology (TKK), Astronomical Observatory [Poznan], Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań (UAM), Department of Astrophysics, Astronomy and Mechanics Panepistimiopolis (DAAMP), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Astronomical Union of Sparta [Sparta], University of the Basque Country/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Departamento de Fı'sica Aplicada I, Escuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenieria Bilbao, Observatorio Astronomico de Valencia, Universitat de València (UV), Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, European Commission, European Research Council, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Generalitat Valenciana, Junta de Andalucía, Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (España), Universita degli Studi di Padova, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), L2EP - Équipe Réseaux, Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 (L2EP), Centrale Lille-Haute Etude d'Ingénieurs-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Centrale Lille-Haute Etude d'Ingénieurs-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM), University of Geneva [Switzerland], University of the Basque Country [Bizkaia] (UPV/EHU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (ASCR), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität Zürich [Zürich] (UZH), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro [Rio de Janeiro] (UFRJ), Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - EA 2697 (L2EP), Ecole Centrale de Lille-École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers (ENSAM), Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Haute Etude d'Ingénieurs-Université de Lille-Ecole Centrale de Lille-École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers (ENSAM), HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Haute Etude d'Ingénieurs-Université de Lille, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université de Lille-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Athens [Greece] (UOA), and Universitat de València (UV)-Observatorio Astronomico de Valencia
- Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,European community ,Trans Neptunian Object ,Dwarf planet ,Haumea ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Library science ,shape ,01 natural sciences ,size ,dwarf planet ,Neptune ,Física Aplicada ,0103 physical sciences ,media_common.cataloged_instance ,European union ,Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM) ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,media_common ,Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP) ,Physics ,[PHYS]Physics [physics] ,density ,2003 EL61 ,Kuiper-belt ,photometric-observations ,collisional family ,object ,bodies ,albedo ,satellites ,Uranus ,Dwarf planets ,Multidisciplinary ,European research ,Asteroid ,Trans-Neptunian ,Astronomy ,Stellar occultation ,Moons of Haumea ,stellar occultation ,Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,[PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph] ,ring ,Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics - Abstract
Ortiz, José Luis et. al., Haumea-one of the four known trans-Neptunian dwarf planets- is a very elongated and rapidly rotating body1-3. In contrast to other dwarf planets4-6, its size, shape, albedo and density are not well constrained. The Centaur Chariklo was the first body other than a giant planet known to have a ring system7, and the Centaur Chiron was later found to possess something similar to Chariklo's rings8,9. Here we report observations from multiple Earth-based observatories of Haumea passing in front of a distant star (a multichord stellar occultation). Secondary events observed around the main body of Haumea are consistent with the presence of a ring with an opacity of 0.5, width of 70 kilometres and radius of about 2,287 kilometres. The ring is coplanar with both Haumea's equator and the orbit of its satellite Hi'iaka. The radius of the ring places it close to the 3:1 mean-motion resonance with Haumea's spin period-that is, Haumea rotates three times on its axis in the time that a ring particle completes one revolution. The occultation by the main body provides an instantaneous elliptical projected shape with axes of about 1,704 kilometres and 1,138 kilometres. Combined with rotational light curves, the occultation constrains the three-dimensional orientation of Haumea and its triaxial shape, which is inconsistent with a homogeneous body in hydrostatic equilibrium. Haumea's largest axis is at least 2,322 kilometres, larger than previously thought, implying an upper limit for its density of 1,885 kilograms per cubic metre and a geometric albedo of 0.51, both smaller than previous estimates1,10,11. In addition, this estimate of the density of Haumea is closer to that of Pluto than are previous estimates, in line with expectations. No global nitrogen- or methane-dominated atmosphere was detected.© 2017 Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature. All rights reserved., J.L.O. acknowledges funding from Spanish and Andalusian grants MINECO AYA-2014-56637-C2-1-P and J. A. 2012-FQM1776 as well as FEDER funds. Part of the research leading to these results received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme, under grant agreement no. 687378. B.S. acknowledges support from the French grants 'Beyond Neptune' ANR-08-BLAN-0177 and 'Beyond Neptune II' ANR-11-1S56-0002. Part of the research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Community's H2020 (2014-2020/ERG grant agreement no. 669416 'Lucky Star'). A.P. and R.S. have been supported by the grant LP2012-31 of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. All of the Hungarian contributors acknowledge the partial support from K-125015 grant of the National Research, Development and Innovation Office (NKFIH). G.B.-R., F.B.-R., F.L.R., R.V.-M., J.I.B.C., M.A., A.R.G.-J. and B.E.M. acknowledge support from CAPES, CNPq and FAPERJ. J.C.G. acknowledges funding from AYA2015-63939-C2-2-P and from the Generalitat Valenciana PROMETEOII/2014/057. K.H. and P.P. were supported by the project RVO:67985815. The Astronomical Observatory of the Autonomous Region of the Aosta Valley acknowledges a Shoemaker NEO Grant 2013 from The Planetary Society. We acknowledge funds from a 2016 'Research and Education' grant from Fondazione CRT. We also acknowledge the Slovakian project ITMS no. 26220120029.
- Published
- 2017
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