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The upper Ganga Basin in Uttarakhand, India, has high hydropower potential and plays an important role in the development of the state economy. Thus, an accurate knowledge of annual water yield is of paramount importance to this region. This paper deals with use of contemporary water yield estimation models such as the distributed Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) model and the Lumped Zhang model and their validation to identify the most suited one for water yield estimation in the upper Ganga Basin. In previous studies utilizing these models, water yield was estimated by considering a single value of some important model parameters for the entire basin, which in fact show distributed variation at a finer (pixel) scale. Therefore, in this study, pixel-level computations are performed to assess and ascertain the need for incorporating the spatial variation of such parameters in model applications. To validate the findings, the observed sub-basin discharge data are analyzed with the computed water yield for 4 decades, i.e., 1980, 1990, 2001 and 2015. The results obtained are in good agreement with the water yield obtained at the pixel scale.

The temperature dependences of the elastic and magnetic properties of polycrystalline perovskite manganite La2/3Ba1/3MnO3 were studied using ultrasonic and SQUID magnetometer techniques. The minimum of the temperature-dependent sound velocity v(T) and corresponding maximum of the decrement δ(T) were found in the vicinity of the structural phase transition R 3 ̄ c ↔ I m m a at Ts ∼ 200 K. Large alterations of v and δ indicate a structural phase transition of the soft mode type. A high sensitivity of dc magnetization to a low uniaxial pressure caused by the softening was found in the Ts region. A negative value of the linear thermal expansion coefficient along one of the crystallographic axis was found in the Imma phase near Ts. The proposed microscopic mechanism explains the appearance of the soft mode in the vicinity of the structural phase transition temperature associated with the displacement of the manganese atom from the center of the oxygen octahedron.

A recent study has been conducted to evaluate the current state of green spaces in Pasig City, Philippines, and to propose a Climate Resilient and Localized Urban Greening Plan (CRLUGP) to address urban greening that is essential for creating sustainable cities, especially in the face of climate change and urban population growth. The study utilized Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Remote Sensing (RS), and Machine Learning (ML) to map green spaces, analyze climate risks, and identify necessary corrective measures. The findings revealed that Pasig City currently only has 70.18 hectares of green space, which is significantly below the World Health Organization's recommended minimum of nine (9) square meters of green space per capita. Projections indicate that by 2032, the city will need 925.72 hectares of green space to meet the needs of its growing population. Additionally, the study identified a connection between low canopy cover and increased urban heat island effects, with the top 10 barangays showing a canopy cover of only 27.64%, well below the recommended 40%. Moreover, areas with limited green spaces were found to be at a higher risk of flooding, highlighting the importance of more vegetation for managing stormwater and mitigating climate-related risks. The study recommends a strategic approach to urban greening, leveraging spatial analysis for continuous monitoring and evaluation. By integrating spatial technologies and data-driven decision-making, Pasig City aims to establish a more sustainable and resilient urban environment for its residents.

Abstract A detailed knowledge of the decay properties of the so called Hoyle state in the $$^{12}$$ 12 C nucleus ( $$E_x=7.654$$ E x = 7.654 MeV, $$0^+$$ 0 + ) is required to calculate the rate at which carbon is forged in typical red-giant stars. This paper reports on a new almost background-free measurement of the radiative decay branching ratio of the Hoyle state using advanced charged particle coincidence techniques. The exploitation, for the first time in a similar experiment, of a bidimensional map of the coincidence efficiency allows to reach an unitary value and, consequently, to strongly reduce sources of systematic uncertainties. The present results suggest a value of the radiative branching ratio of $$\Gamma _{rad}/\Gamma _{tot}=4.2(6)\cdot 10^{-4}$$ Γ rad / Γ tot = 4.2 ( 6 ) · 10 - 4 . This finding helps to resolve the tension between recent data published in the literature.

MARCELLA DEL SIGNORE Architect, urbanist, educator, scholar, and the principal of X-Topia, a design-research practice that explores the intersection of architecture and urbanism with technology and the public, social, cultural, and cognitive realm. She has been involved in evidence-based research and applied-design projects investigating the intersection of architecture, urbanism,emerging technology, livability, and emotional/cognitive spaces. She is an Associate Professor and Director of the Master of Science in Architecture, Urban Design at New York Institute of Technology. Since 2007, she has taught Architecture and Urban Design in international institutions of higher education in the USA and Europe, and in 2019 she received the NYIT Presidential Award for the integration of Technology and in 2023 the Outstanding Faculty Research Award. She has published five books on urbanism, human-centered design, and emerging technologies, including Urban Machines: Public Space in a Digital Culture (LISTLab, 2018; OROEditions 2020) and "Data, Matter, and Design" (Routledge, 2020). She co-curated the Data and Matter exhibition during the 2018 Architecture Venice Biennale. She was invited to exhibit at the 17th Architecture Venice Biennale in 2021 in the Italian Pavilion Resilient Communities, and she was the deputy curator of the NYIT Students as Researchers Collateral Event at the 18th Architecture Venice Biennale in 2023.

Fault slip is a complex natural phenomenon involving multiple spatiotemporal scales from seconds to days to weeks. To understand the physical and chemical processes responsible for the full fault slip spectrum, a multidisciplinary approach is highly recommended. The Near Fault Observatories (NFOs) aim at providing high-precision and spatiotemporally dense multidisciplinary near-fault data, enabling the generation of new original observations and innovative scientific products. The Alto Tiberina Near Fault Observatory is a permanent monitoring infrastructure established around the Alto Tiberina fault (ATF), a 60 km long low-angle normal fault (mean dip 20°), located along a sector of the Northern Apennines (central Italy) undergoing an extension at a rate of about 3 mm yr−1. The presence of repeating earthquakes on the ATF and a steep gradient in crustal velocities measured across the ATF by GNSS stations suggest large and deep (5–12 km) portions of the ATF undergoing aseismic creep. Both laboratory and theoretical studies indicate that any given patch of a fault can creep, nucleate slow earthquakes, and host large earthquakes, as also documented in nature for certain ruptures (e.g., Iquique in 2014, Tōhoku in 2011, and Parkfield in 2004). Nonetheless, how a fault patch switches from one mode of slip to another, as well as the interaction between creep, slow slip, and regular earthquakes, is still poorly documented by near-field observation. With the strainmeter array along the Alto Tiberina fault system (STAR) project, we build a series of six geophysical observatory sites consisting of 80–160 m deep vertical boreholes instrumented with strainmeters and seismometers as well as meteorological and GNSS antennas and additional seismometers at the surface. By covering the portions of the ATF that exhibits repeated earthquakes at shallow depth (above 4 km) with these new observatory sites, we aim to collect unique open-access data to answer fundamental questions about the relationship between creep, slow slip, dynamic earthquake rupture, and tectonic faulting.

Abstract Ferroptosis is a unique iron-dependent form of non-apoptotic cell death characterized by devastating lipid peroxidation. Whilst growing evidence suggests that ferroptosis is a type of autophagy-dependent cell death, the underlying molecular mechanisms regulating ferroptosis are largely unknown. In this study, through an unbiased RNA-sequencing screening, we demonstrate the activation of a multi-faceted tumor-suppressor protein Par-4/PAWR during ferroptosis. Functional studies reveal that genetic depletion of Par-4 effectively blocks ferroptosis, whereas Par-4 overexpression sensitizes cells to undergo ferroptosis. More importantly, we have determined that Par-4-triggered ferroptosis is mechanistically driven by the autophagic machinery. Upregulation of Par-4 promotes activation of ferritinophagy (autophagic degradation of ferritin) via the nuclear receptor co-activator 4 (NCOA4), resulting in excessive release of free labile iron and, hence, enhanced lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis. Inhibition of Par-4 dramatically suppresses the NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy signaling axis. Our results also establish that Par-4 activation positively correlates with reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which is critical for ferritinophagy-mediated ferroptosis. Furthermore, Par-4 knockdown effectively blocked ferroptosis-mediated tumor suppression in the mouse xenograft models. Collectively, these findings reveal that Par-4 has a crucial role in ferroptosis, which could be further exploited for cancer therapy.

To generate reliable climate predictions, global models need accurate estimates of all the energy fluxes contributing to the Earth's radiation budget (ERB). Clouds in general, and more specifically ice clouds, play a key role in the determination of the ERB as they may exert either a feedback or a forcing action, depending on their optical and microphysical properties and physical state (solid/liquid). To date, accurate statistics and climatologies of cloud parameters are not available. Specifically, the ice cloud composition in terms of ice crystal shape (or habit) is one of the parameters with the largest uncertainty. The Far-infrared Outgoing Radiation Understanding and Monitoring (FORUM) experiment, foreseen to be the ninth Earth Explorer mission of the European Space Agency, will measure, for the first time spectrally resolved from space, the entire upwelling spectrum emitted by the Earth from 100 to 1600 cm−1. The far-infrared portion of the Earth spectrum, especially from 200 to 600 cm−1, is very sensitive to cloud ice crystal shapes; thus, FORUM measurements could also represent an opportunity to study the ice cloud composition in terms of ice crystal habit mixtures. To investigate this possibility, we developed an accurate and advanced scheme allowing us to model ice cloud optical properties – also in cases of clouds composed of mixed ice crystal habits. This feature is in fact necessary because in situ measurements acquired over the years also point out that the shape of ice cloud crystals varies depending on the crystal size range. In our model, the resulting cloud optical properties are also determined by the input habit fractions. Thus, the retrieval of these fractions from spectral radiance measurements can be attempted. Using 375 different cloudy scenarios, we assess the performance of our retrieval scheme in the determination of crystal habit mixtures starting from FORUM-simulated measurements. The most relevant error components affecting the retrieved cloud parameters are not very large and are of random nature; thus, FORUM measurements will allow us to set up an accurate climatology of cloud parameters. To provide an example of the benefit that one could get from the habit mixture retrievals, we also show the improved accuracy of the thermal outgoing fluxes calculations compared to using assumed mixtures.

Resumen: Antecedentes: En España, aunque el Ministerio de Sanidad elabora el informe de posicionamiento terapéutico (IPT) y las condiciones de reembolso de los fármacos, las Comunidades Autónomas (CC. AA.) gestionan los servicios de salud y deciden sobre las condiciones de prescripción en su ámbito territorial. El objetivo del estudio EQUIDAD fue describir los condicionantes para la prescripción de los nuevos fármacos en Dermatología en las CC. AA. y sus posibles diferencias. Material y métodos: Estudio transversal realizado en abril-mayo del 2023. Dos dermatólogos con responsabilidades directivas de cada Comunidad Autónoma (C. A.) informaron sobre los condicionantes autonómicos y locales en la prescripción de los fármacos cuyo IPT para el tratamiento de enfermedades dermatológicas fue publicado en los años 2016-2022. Los datos fueron recogidos mediante un cuestionario online. Resultados: Un total de 33 investigadores de 17 CC. AA. participaron en el estudio. Se observaron inequidades entre CC. AA. para el acceso a los nuevos fármacos. Existieron condicionantes autonómicos adicionales al IPT en psoriasis en el 64,7% de las CC. AA., siendo este porcentaje menor en dermatitis atópica (35,3%) o melanoma (11,8%). El más frecuente fue el requisito de un orden de prescripción previo para el uso del fármaco. En algunas CC. AA. se detectaron además variaciones y condicionantes locales (diferencias entre centros de una misma C. A.). Conclusiones: Existe una multiplicidad de criterios tanto a nivel autonómico como local que añade restricciones adicionales a las establecidas por los IPT y que plantean una situación de inequidad entre los pacientes y los profesionales de las diferentes CC. AA. en el acceso a los nuevos fármacos. Abstract: Background: Although the Spanish Ministry of Health prepares national therapeutic positioning reports (TPRs) and drug reimbursement policies, each of the country's 17 autonomous communities (ACs) is responsible for health care services and prescription requirements in its territory. The aim of the EQUIDAD study was to describe and explore potential differences in prescription requirements for new dermatology drugs across the autonomous communities. Material and methods: Cross-sectional study conducted in April and May, 2023. Two dermatologists with management responsibilities from each autonomous community reported on territorial and more local prescription requirements for drugs covered by national TPRs issued between 2016 and 2022. Results: Thirty-three researchers from 17 autonomous communities participated. The data submitted revealed between-community inequities in access to new drugs. Overall, 64.7% of the regions imposed additional prescription requirements to those mentioned in the TPRs for psoriasis. This percentage was lower for atopic dermatitis (35.3%) and melanoma (11.8%). The most common requirement for accessing a new drug was a previous prescription for another drug. Differences and additional requirements were also detected atthe local level (i.e., differences between hospitals within the same autonomous community). Conclusions: Spain's autonomous communities have multiple regional and local prescription requirements that are not aligned with national TPR recommendations. These differences result in inequitable access to new drugs for both patients and practitioners across Spain.

ABSTRACT: Pressure to reduce the use of antibiotics in the poultry industry has intensified research on alternative solutions to support intestinal health, including but not limited to direct fed microbials (DFM). Heat stress is known to impact intestinal health and function. The aim of this study was to determine efficacy of a water applied DFM product on broiler performance during the summer period. One of two treatments were randomly allocated to 12 replicate floor pens each: a control treatment and a treatment provided daily with a dual strain DFM comprised of Lactobacillus acidophilus AG01 and Bifidobacterium animalis AG02 at 1 × 108 CFU/bird/d. Each pen contained 20 Ross 308 broilers. All birds were fed the same three-phased wheat- and soybean meal-based diets. Body weight, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and mortality were measured at d 0, 10, 24, 35, and 42. Due to natural extreme external temperature conditions, all birds were subject to heat stress during the end of the grower phase up to and including the finisher phase. Temperature was on average 5°C higher compared to industry recommendation. No significant differences were found in growth performance between the control and DFM treatment, yet BW at d 42 in both treatments was reduced by 19% compared to the breed standard. The DFM treatment significantly reduced mortality among the birds. Overall mortality from d 1 to d 35 was reduced from 4.58% to 0.42% (P = 0.023) and overall mortality from d 1 to d 42 was reduced from 5.83 to 0.83% (P = 0.027). This was driven by the difference in heat-stress related mortality in the finisher phase from d 25 to d 42, where mortality reached only 0.44% in the DFM treatment versus 2.88% in the unsupplemented control treatment. Post-mortem analysis confirmed heat-stress related hypoxia. In conclusion, the dual strain DFM may have provided improved (intestinal) homeostasis and barrier function allowing increased resilience to heat stress in broilers.

Thermo-dynamical analyses of organic mixtures are essential across industries. Ultrasonic sound velocity (U) measurements in the ternary organic mixtures of Toluene, Chloroform, and Cyclohexane have been conducted between 303.15, 308.15 and 313.15 K. The experimental/derived data were utilised to compute deviations for their excess values such as adiabatic compressibility (βE), free length (LfE), free volume (VfE), impedance (ZE), internal pressure (πiE) and enthalpy (HE) to investigate and confirm the types of interactions. Using these derived parameters, excess parameters were calculated to further reaffirm the type, strength, magnitude, and potential interactions such as complex formation, dipole-dipole, and dispersive types. Moreover, both ideal and nonideal behaviours were analysed. The ultrasonic velocity data were validated against some contemporary and well-known models like Namoto’s relation (NR), Ideal mixture relation (IMR), Impedance dependence relation (IDR), Collision factor theory (CFT) and Nutch-Kunkies (NK) theorem. From the IMR and IDR are gives well approach to experimental one. And a comparative study of these models was conducted to ascertain the possible types of interactions within the mixtures through their molecular interaction parameter, percentage deviation, standard percentage error deviation.

This study explores the thermodynamic properties of doped graphene using an adapted electronic spectrum. We employed the one-electron tight-binding model to describe the hexagonal lattice structure. The dispersion relation for graphene is expressed in terms of the hopping energies using a compositional parameter that characterizes the different dopant atoms in the lattice. The focus of the investigation is on the impact of the compositions, specifically the presence of dopant atoms, on the energy spectrum, entropy, temperature, and specific heat of graphene. The numerical and analytical results reveal distinct thermodynamic behaviors influenced by the dopant composition, including topological transitions, inflection points in entropy, and specific heat divergences. In addition, the use of Boltzmann entropy and the revision of Nernst’s theorem for doped graphene are introduced as novel aspects.

Introduction Patients with Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or mood disorders, as depression, often showed dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and autonomic nervous system, resulting in increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and heightened activity of the immune system that may cause alterations in the structure and function of brain regions through direct neurotoxic effects, oxidative stress, changes in levels of neurotransmitters and decreasing some neurotrophins. Among the most studied pro-inflammatory cytokines in this field there are Intereleukine-6 (IL-6) and Interleukine-1β (IL-1β); however, scant and conflicting data are currently available in the literature about their use as potential biomarkers, and even less on possible comparisons in PTSD and depression. Objectives The aim of the present study was to evaluate circulating levels of IL-6 and IL-1β in patients with PTSD and to compare them with those of subjects with depression and healthy controls. Methods A sample of 45 subjects, including 15 subjects diagnosed with PTSD (PTSD group), 15 with depression (DEP group), and 15 healthy controls (HC group) were recruited at the Psychiatric Clinic of the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa. HC group included subjects recruited on a voluntary basis. The psychiatric diagnosis was assessed by the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5-Clinician Version (SCID-5-CV), the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) and the Trauma and Loss Spectrum-Self Report lifetime version (TALS-SR). A peripheral venous blood sample was collected to perform the biochemical assays. The analyses of IL-6 and IL-1β were performed with a dedicated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISAs) achieved at the Laboratory of Biochemistry of the Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa. Results No statistically significant gender or age differences emerged in the three groups. There were no statistically significant differences in IL-1β levels among the three groups. Conversely, the PTSD group showed higher levels of IL-6 compared to the DEP and to the HC ones, with a statistically significant difference in the post-hoc analysis among the PTSD and DEP groups with respect to the HC one (p

Introduction Nurse-patient relationships and interactions during inpatient care evoke feelings of empathy and compassion. Compassion can lead to satisfaction, but also to exhaustion. Compassion fatigue is a commonly used concept that signifies the exhaustion of healthcare personnel due to the specific activities and repeated exposure to the suffering of others. This manifests through physical and emotional over-tiredness, anxiety, anger and irritability, low vitality, social isolation, diminished sense of enjoyment of one’s career, cognitive disorders, and sleep disturbances. Objectives To assess the level of compassion of the healthcare staff employed in a Romanian general hospital. Methods The study sample included 256 nurses working in a general hospital. To identify socio-demographic data we applied a specific questionnaire, and subsequently we also used the PROQOL scale (Professional Quality of Life Scale). All data were statistically analysed. Results The majority of healthcare professionals in our sample belong to the 40-49 age group (39.45%). Regarding work experience in the healthcare system, the majority(43%) have been working for over 10 years. 78.52% of nurses reported a high level of compassion satisfaction. Burnout was not identified in the majority of our sample (54.3%). We noted that the number of the staff affected by compassion fatigue increases proportionally with the years of work experience (P=0.033). Conclusions A high level of compassion satisfaction in medical professionals leads to a remarkable improvement in the quality of the healthcare they are providing. However, our study results suggest that compassion fatigue tends to increase in line with the years of work in healthcare Disclosure of Interest None Declared

Introduction Addressing mental and physical health problems and promoting wellbeing in educational settings is a global priority. Teachers present a high risk of stress and burnout, which negatively impacts their professional performance as well as their mental and physical health. Compassion-based interventions have been found effective in promoting psychosocial and physiological wellbeing. Objectives The current paper presents preliminary findings of the impact of a 6-module Compassionate Mind Training intervention for Teachers (CMT-T) on immunological markers and the Conserved Transcriptional Response to Adversity (CTRA; a gene expression signature that involves a group of 53 genes: pro-inflammatory genes, type I interferon response and genes related to antibody synthesis). Methods A pilot non-controlled study was conducted in a sample of public-school teachers in Portugal (n=36). Participants were assessed at 4 time-points: 1) Extended Baseline Control_M0, in order to establish a within-subjects psychological and biophysiological baseline (8 weeks before the start of the CMT-T); 2) Pre-intervention_M1 (8-weeks after M0); 3) Post-intervention_M2 (8-weeks after M1); and 4) Follow-up_M3 (3 months after the CMT-T end). In all assessment moments, participants completed a set of psychological self-report measures and were assessed in immunological and epigenetic biological markers through the collection of blood. After M1, teachers completed the 8-week group CMT-T intervention and given access to its resources and materials. They were instructed to practice daily and incorporate the teachings in their personal and professional lives. All assessments and the CMT-T intervention took place at the schools. Results Preliminary data on the impact of CMT-T on Immune Response Profiling revealed that teachers’ Natural Killer (i.e., NK) cells were decreased after the CMT-T intervention. In regard to the CTRA gene expression, results showed that type one interferon response genes (e.g., IFI16, IFI27L2, IFITM2, IFITM3, IFITM4P) were decreased after the intervention. In addition, we observed that the gene c-Jun, a pro-inflammatory gene, had a decreased expression after the CMT-T intervention. Conclusions These preliminary findings seem to corroborate previous studies involving the type one interferon response, the pro-inflammatory genes and antibody synthesis genes in a signature involving 53 genes previously described as the CTRA gene signature. Furthermore, our results suggest that cultivating compassion using a compassion focused intervention may have a positive impact on markers of the immune system response, associated with how our bodies respond to stress, infection and cancer, as well as, on reducing the expression of genes related to our bodies’ response to stress and inflammation. Disclosure of Interest None Declared

Background: Although the Spanish Ministry of Health prepares national therapeutic positioning reports (TPRs) and drug reimbursement policies, each of the country's 17 autonomous communities (ACs) is responsible for health care services and prescription requirements in its territory. The aim of the EQUIDAD study was to describe and explore potential differences in prescription requirements for new dermatology drugs across the autonomous communities. Material and methods: Cross-sectional study conducted in April and May, 2023. Two dermatologists with management responsibilities from each autonomous community reported on territorial and more local prescription requirements for drugs covered by national TPRs issued between 2016 and 2022. Results: Thirty-three researchers from 17 autonomous communities participated. The data submitted revealed between-community inequities in access to new drugs. Overall, 64.7% of the regions imposed additional prescription requirements to those mentioned in the TPRs for psoriasis. This percentage was lower for atopic dermatitis (35.3%) and melanoma (11.8%). The most common requirement for accessing a new drug was a previous prescription for another drug. Differences and additional requirements were also detected at the local level (i.e., differences between hospitals within the same autonomous community). Conclusions: Spain's autonomous communities have multiple regional and local prescription requirements that are not aligned with national TPR recommendations. These differences result in inequitable access to new drugs for both patients and practitioners across Spain. Resumen: Antecedentes: En España, aunque el Ministerio de Sanidad elabora el informe de posicionamiento terapéutico (IPT) y las condiciones de reembolso de los fármacos, las Comunidades Autónomas (CC. AA.) gestionan los servicios de salud y deciden sobre las condiciones de prescripción en su ámbito territorial. El objetivo del estudio EQUIDAD fue describir los condicionantes para la prescripción de los nuevos fármacos en Dermatología en las CC. AA. y sus posibles diferencias. Material y métodos: Estudio transversal realizado en abril-mayo del 2023. Dos dermatólogos con responsabilidades directivas de cada Comunidad Autónoma (C. A.) informaron sobre los condicionantes autonómicos y locales en la prescripción de los fármacos cuyo IPT para el tratamiento de enfermedades dermatológicas fue publicado en los años 2016-2022. Los datos fueron recogidos mediante un cuestionario online. Resultados: Un total de 33 investigadores de 17 CC. AA. participaron en el estudio. Se observaron inequidades entre CC. AA. para el acceso a los nuevos fármacos. Existieron condicionantes autonómicos adicionales al IPT en psoriasis en el 64,7% de las CC. AA., siendo este porcentaje menor en dermatitis atópica (35,3%) o melanoma (11,8%). El más frecuente fue el requisito de un orden de prescripción previo para el uso del fármaco. En algunas CC. AA. se detectaron además variaciones y condicionantes locales (diferencias entre centros de una misma C. A.). Conclusiones: Existe una multiplicidad de criterios tanto a nivel autonómico como local que añade restricciones adicionales a las establecidas por los IPT y que plantean una situación de inequidad entre los pacientes y los profesionales de las diferentes CC. AA. en el acceso a los nuevos fármacos.

Background and Objectives: Due to the changes in education, online learning has become the predominant mode of instruction. There may be a gap between what students learn in school and what they need to survive in the real world. This is due to the constant change in the world and educational system. This puts schools under a lot of pressure to develop their educational instruction processes in an innovative manner that helps students to acquire and develop the needed life skills. These skills can help individuals in leading a meaningful life. One of these strategies is project-based learning. As the name implies, project-based learning involves students refining and honing their language skills by completing projects in and out of the classroom. To accomplish this, teachers must cultivate a culture of creativity and engagement in the classroom. By sharing their work and reflecting on their processes, students can improve their work. This style of teaching moves away from teacher-centered methods, where students sit passively in a classroom and are rarely given opportunities to express themselves or practice their language skills. The act of inquiry is what engages students in project-based learning. This instructional approach is designed to give students the opportunity to develop knowledge and skills through engaging projects and set around challenges and problems they may face in the real world. The purpose of this study was to compare the impact of technology-integrated and traditional project-based instruction on vocabulary development and social identity of English language learners.Methods: In the current quasi-experimental quantitative study, two intact classes were assigned to traditional and technology-integrated project-based learning. The independent variable in this study was technology integration, and the dependent variables were learners' social identity and vocabulary development. Over 6 months, two groups of 30 learners (15 students in each group) were exposed to two forms of project-based instruction: traditional and technology-integrated. The instruction in both groups was based on doing projects. In the technology-integrated group, the projects were done using technology potentials, and in the traditional group, the projects were done using classroom potentials. Pre-tests and post-tests were used to measure learners’ improvements in vocabulary development and social identity level.Findings: The results revealed that the learners involved in technology-integrated instruction proved superior compared to the traditional learning group in their English vocabulary and social identity. It showed that projects done in technology-integrated environments surpassed the projects done in traditional learning contexts. The findings suggested that technology-integrated projects were more effective than traditional ones, possibly due to the enticing features of technology that enhance learners' motivation and interest.Conclusion: PBL has been regarded as influential in the development of vocabulary development and social identity of students but integrating projects with the power of technology provides opportunities for more effective vocabulary development and identity construction. Implementing technology in projects in the current study is beneficial to the realm of school health and adds to a growing body of work exploring how technology-integrated projects impact school students’ academic achievements and identity construction. Inspired by the advantageous effects of technology interventions on learners and the paramount significance of becoming emotionally engaged and accountable during the process of learning, we hope the current study contributes to the realization of technology-engaging school pedagogical agents.

The focus of this paper is to determine whether it is possible to detect historical casting techniques on figural copies and distinguish differences due to these techniques from those caused by environmental influences after exposure to the weather. The figures from the Fürstenportal of Bamberg Cathedral of St. Peter and St. George, part of a UNESCO World Heritage site, have experienced much deterioration since the portal was erected in the early 13th century. For this reason, the jamb figures were moulded at the beginning of the 19th century and plaster copies made. These copies remained in safekeeping for over 90 years until they were used to make stone cast copies in the late 1990s. The copies replaced the outdoor originals, which were moved to a museum to protect them from further decay. It is therefore possible to observe different temporal states of the figures. Details of the moulding process could be identified with a workflow consisting of high-resolution 3D scanning, 3D surface comparisons and archival research. The plaster copies and the stone cast copies show different traces of the casting process. Both used flexible materials in the moulding process, which caused the copy to slightly deform from the originals. Furthermore, environmental influences could be separated from the moulding phenomena. Erosion from more than 90 years between the creation of the plaster copy and the translocation of the originals to the museum was observed, as well as erosion from the last 20 years on the stone cast copies.

Abstract Heavy metal levels appear to be associated with low bone mineral density (BMD) and the consequent osteoporosis risk, but the relationship with the disease has not been clearly defined. The altered expression pattern of numerous genes, including detoxifying genes, seems to play a pivotal role in this context, leading to increased susceptibility to several diseases, including osteoporosis. The purpose of this study is to analyse circulating heavy metals levels and the expression of detoxifying genes in osteoporotic patients (OPs, n = 31), compared with healthy subjects (CTRs, n = 32). Heavy metals concentration in plasma samples was determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), and the subsequent expression analysis of NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1), Catalase (CAT), and Metallothionein 1E (MT1E) genes in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) was assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), molybdenum (Mo) and lead (Pb) were found to be significantly higher in the plasma of OPs compared to CTRs. Analysis of the expression levels of detoxifying genes showed a significant decrease in CAT and MT1E in OP group. In addition, Cu correlated positively with the expression levels of both CAT and MT1E in CTRs group and MT1E in OPs. This study shows an increased circulating concentration of certain metals combined with an altered expression pattern of detoxifying genes in OPs, highlighting a novel aspect to be investigated in order to better characterize the role of metals in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis.

The Fingalshöhle near Illesheim, Germany, is today both an archaeological and a cultural heritage site. This paper will show the application and analysis of the combination of terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) and high resolution structured-light-scanning (SLS) as a multilevel documentation approach to help preserve this unique location with its graffiti and inscriptions from the past 300 years. The site is a decommissioned sandstone quarry which has been gradually taken over by nature. The quarry served as field quarters for troops during several wars, with soldiers carving inscriptions into the sandstone walls. In the later 18th and 19th centuries, the site attracted visitors, who also immortalised themselves. These witnesses to the site’s diverse history are threatened by the ever-increasing overgrowth of the quarry, and above all by weathering processes impacting the unprotected stone. Photographs show that over periods as short as the last 15 years, climatic effects have completely obliterated some inscriptions. The characters are thus slowly but steadily being erased. Since the decay could only be stopped with massive interventions to the quarry itself, the aim is that a documentation should preserve, at least in digital form, the current state, giving future generations the opportunity to experience and explore this multi-layered site. As well as recording the vulnerable inscriptions, the digitising process can in some cases make even the most severely degraded inscriptions legible once more. The processed data serves as documentation for the municipality, and can be used for future research approaches and monitoring purposes as well as dissemination.

The Far-Infrared Radiation Mobile Observation System (FIRMOS) is a Fourier transform spectroradiometer developed to support the Far-infrared Outgoing Radiation Understanding and Monitoring (FORUM) satellite mission by validating measurement methods and instrument design concepts, both in the laboratory and in field campaigns. FIRMOS is capable of measuring the downwelling spectral radiance emitted by the atmosphere in the spectral band from 100 to 1000 cm−1 (10–100 µm in wavelength), with a maximum spectral resolution of 0.25 cm−1. We describe the instrument design and its characterization and discuss the geophysical products obtained by inverting the atmospheric spectral radiance measured during a campaign from the high-altitude location of Mount Zugspitze in Germany, beside the Extended-range Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (E-AERI), which is permanently installed at the site. Following the selection of clear-sky scenes, using a specific algorithm, the water vapour and temperature profiles were retrieved from the FIRMOS spectra by applying the Kyoto protocol and Informed Management of the Adaptation (KLIMA) code. The profiles were found in very good agreement with those provided by radiosondes and by the Raman lidar operating from the Zugspitze Schneefernerhaus station. In addition, the retrieval products were validated by comparing the retrieved integrated water vapour values with those obtained from the E-AERI spectra.

Selected case studies of precipitating ice clouds at Dome C (Antarctic Plateau) were used to test a new approach for the estimation of ice cloud reflectivity at 24 GHz (12.37 mm wavelength) using ground-based far infrared spectral measurements from the REFIR-PAD Fourier transform spectroradiometer and backscattering/depolarization lidar profiles. The resulting reflectivity was evaluated with the direct reflectivity measurements provided by a co-located micro rain radar (MRR) operating at 24 GHz, that was able to detect falling crystals with large particle size, typically above 600 µm. To obtain the 24 GHz reflectivity, we used the particle effective diameter and the cloud optical depth retrieved from the far infrared spectral radiances provided by REFIR-PAD and the tropospheric co-located backscattering lidar to calculate the modal radius and the intercept of the particle size distribution. These parameters spanned in the wide ranges between 570–2400 µm and 10−2–104 cm−5, respectively. The retrieved effective sizes and optical depths mostly varied in the ranges 70–250 µm and 0.1–5, respectively. From these parameters, the theoretical reflectivity at 24 GHz was obtained by integrating the size distribution over different cross sections for various habit crystals provided by Eriksson et al. (2018) databases. From the comparison with the radar reflectivity measurements, we found that the hexagonal column-like habits, the columnar crystal aggregates, and the 5/6 branches bullet rosettes showed the best agreement with the MRR observations. The dispersion coefficient of the crystal particle size distribution was assumed in the range 0–2 according to the temperature dependence found in previous studies. The retrieved values of the intercept and slope were found in good agreement with these studies. The presence of the inferred habits was confirmed by the crystal images taken by the ICE-CAMERA, operating in proximity of REFIR-PAD and the MRR. In particular, the occurrence of hexagonal column-like ice crystals was confirmed by the presence of 22∘ solar halos, detected by the HALO-CAMERA. The average crystal lengths obtained from the retrieved size distribution were also compared to those estimated from the ICE-CAMERA images. The agreement between the two results confirmed that the retrieved parameters of the particle size distributions correctly reproduced the observations.

In the frame of Earth observation remote-sensing data analysis, synergistic retrieval (SR) and complete data fusion (CDF) are techniques used to exploit the complementarity of the information carried by different measurements sounding the same air mass and/or ground pixel. While more difficult to implement due to the required simultaneous access to measurements originating from different instruments, the SR method is sometimes preferred over the CDF method as the latter relies on a linear approximation of the retrieved states as functions of the true atmospheric and/or surface state. In this work, we study the performance of the SR and CDF techniques when applied to simulated measurements of the Far-infrared Outgoing Radiation Understanding and Monitoring (FORUM) and the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer – New Generation (IASI-NG) missions that will be operational in a few years, from two polar-orbiting satellites. The study is based on synthetic measurements generated for the two missions in clear-sky atmospheres. The target parameters of the inversion are the vertical profiles of temperature, water vapor and ozone mixing ratios, surface temperature, and spectral emissivity. We find that for exact matching of the measurements, the results of the SR and CDF techniques differ by less than 1/10 of their errors estimated through the propagation of measurement noise. For measurements with a realistic mismatch in space and time, the two methods provide more different results. Still in this case, however, the differences between the results are within the error bars due to measurement noise. We conclude that, when applied to FORUM and IASI-NG missions, the two methods are equivalent from an accuracy point of view.

The repeating nature of additive manufacturing (AM) translates into quasi-periodic repeating hierarchical microstructures, which vary depending on the working principle of the AM technology. The geometry and internal characteristics of these repeating microstructures affect the geometrical accuracy and mechanical properties of AM parts. We propose a modular and generic framework for AM microstructures to automatically determine a representative microstructural cell with average shape and microstructural information based on micrograph processing and morphological shape analyses. A general microstructural mapping procedure is presented to map and average different microstructural features inside the representative cell. Moreover, an extension of the method is proposed to recover a representative cell with a periodic shape as required for subsequent numerical micromechanical simulations under periodic boundary conditions to unravel process-structure–property relationships. The framework is demonstrated on a virtually generated microstructure and on the metallic and polymeric microstructure of two parts manufactured with different AM processes, showing the framework's versatility for different materials and AM technologies. The three test cases show the framework's modularity, where different procedures were applied to overcome the challenges of each particular case while keeping the primary method the same. We also discuss applications of the framework, such as enabling statistical investigations of spatial variations of the microstructural features across AM parts and providing essential input for microstructural and mechanical numerical simulations.

A new approach to produce porous membranes with dense or porous top layer is proposed in this work by employing a solvent-free method. PMMA/MAM formulations were selected as a base material in order to create open-cell or close-cell structures by gas dissolution foaming employing CO2 as a blowing agent. Furthermore, by introducing the gas diffusion barrier approach to CO2 dissolution foaming, it is possible to control the thickness of the dense layer in both edges, obtaining defect-free membranes (i.e., completely dense without pin-holes). The effectiveness of nanocellular polymers as gas separation membranes was evaluated. In this way, the permeability, selectivity, and permeance were correlated to the cellular structure (open or close-cell) as well as to the dense layer thickness. Furthermore, the effective thickness of the selective layer has been calculated from gas permeability measurements, obtaining an accurate control of that parameter from the tunable cellular structure. Therefore, membranes composed of desired selective layer and a porous structure as a mechanical support are produced by a solvent-free methodology.

The proton drip-line nucleus 17Ne is considered a good candidate for a Borromean two-proton halo with a 15O + p + p structure. Angular distributions of the elastic scattering and inclusive 15O production for a 136 MeV 17Ne beam incident on a 208Pb target were measured for the first time at the SPIRAL1 facility, GANIL. Use of the GLORIA detector array allowed high-resolution data over a wide angular range from 20∘ up to 95∘ in the laboratory frame to be obtained. The elastic scattering angular distribution shows similarities with those for both 6He and 20Ne at equivalent collision energies with respect to the corresponding Coulomb barriers, exhibiting the suppression of the Coulomb rainbow peak characteristic of strong coupling. Optical model and coupled channel fits suggest that this is due to a combination of coupling to low-lying quadrupole resonances and Coulomb dipole coupling to the low-lying continuum, although their relative importance depends on the relevant B(E2) values which remain to be firmly determined.

The treatment of deep-seated tumours with electrons of very high energies (VHEE, 70–150 MeV) has already been explored in the past, suggesting that a dosimetric coverage comparable with state-of-the-art proton (PT) or photon radiotherapy (RT) could be achieved with a large (> 10) number of fields and high electron energy. The technical and economical challenges posed by the deployment of such beams in treatment centres, together with the expected small therapeutic gain, prevented the development of such technique. This scenario could radically change in the light of recent developments that occurred in the compact, high-gradient, electron acceleration technology and, additionally, of the experimental evidence of the sparing of organs at risk achieved in ultra-high dose rate irradiation, also referred to as FLASH. Electrons with the energy required to treat intracranial lesions could be provided, at dose rates compatible with what is needed to trigger the FLASH effect, by accelerators that are a few metres long, and the organ sparing could be exploited to significantly simplify the irradiation geometry, decreasing the number of fields needed to treat a patient. In this paper, the case of two patients affected by a chordoma and a meningioma, respectively, treated with protons in Trento (IT) is presented. The proton plans have been compared with VHEE plans and X-ray intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) plans. The VHEE plans were first evaluated in terms of physical dose distribution and then assuming that the FLASH regimen can be achieved. VHEE beams demonstrated their potential in obtaining plans that have comparable tumour coverage and organs at risk sparing when benchmarked against current state-of-the-art IMRT and PT. These results were obtained with a number of explored fields that was in the range between 3 and 7, consistent with what is routinely performed in IMRT and PT conventional irradiations. The FLASH regimen, in all cases, showed its potential in reducing damage to the organs placed nearby the target volume, allowing, particularly in the chordoma case where the irradiation geometry is more challenging, a better tumour coverage with respect to the conventional treatments.

The study of problematic issues of responsibility for crimes and misdemeanours against justice becomes particularly relevant, considering the reform of judicial proceedings, and the discussion in the scientific community of the draft Criminal Code of Ukraine. The study applied a dialectical approach and the corresponding method, a systematic approach, methods of system analysis, technical and legal analysis, formal and logical, and sociological approaches. The purpose of this study is to formulate proposals on the structure of the division on responsibility for crimes, misdemeanours that encroach on the established procedure of legal proceedings, execution of court decisions, initial provisions on the regulation of the material basis of criminal liability for certain groups of encroachments on the established procedure of legal proceedings, execution of court decisions, approaches to criminal law protection of professional advocacy in the draft Criminal Code of Ukraine. As a result of the study, it was concluded that the criterion for systematisation of norms within the structural division of the draft Criminal Code of Ukraine on responsibility for encroachment on the established procedure for legal proceedings and enforcement of court decisions should be taken as a specific object of relevant crimes and misdemeanours. It is proposed to provide in the draft Criminal Code of Ukraine responsibility for interference in the activities of special victims – participants in relations on the implementation of legal proceedings and the execution of court decisions with differentiation of forms of such influence on the relevant victims depending on its intensity, which, accordingly, have different degrees of public danger. The expediency of placing in the structural unit of the draft Criminal Code of Ukraine on liability for crimes and misdemeanours against justice, the rules protecting social relations that ensure the activities of the defender, the representative of the person has been substantiated. At the same time, it is proposed to provide for a separate provision in the structural subdivision of the special part of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, where the object is social relations to ensure the socio-economic rights of a person, which would establish liability for intentional obstruction of a lawyer in the exercise of their lawful professional activity, in the absence of signs of criminal offences providing for liability for unlawful influence on a defender or representative. The provisions and proposals formulated by this study may be useful when developing the draft Criminal Code of Ukraine.

Introduction Anxiety is a common pathology in people who pass through a crisis situations. Thus, it goes without saying that the current global economic crisis will have secondary effects on mental health. Objectives The aim of this study is to identify if there is a correlation between the level of anxiety and the impact of the economic crisis felt patients. Methods In this study, 517 patients with known associated somatic pathology were selected. According to gender, 2 groups were formed, that of women (n=308) and that of men (n=209). To identify the level of anxiety, we applied the generalized anxiety disorder assessment scale (TAG7) and to quantify the impact of the global economic crisis felt by the patients, an ordinal scale was used. Results 190 patients (36.7%) reported that they did not feel anxious at all, while only 24 (4.6%) said that they felt anxiety quite often. Related to the gender, we observed that 36.36% of women and 37.3% of men did not appreciate that they would suffer from anxiety. Those who consider themselves to have high levels of anxiety are represented as follows: 5.8% among the female population and 2.8% among the male population. We researched the correlation between the experienced impact of the global crisis and the state of anxiety and we observed that there is no correlation between the 2 (r=0.19). Conclusions The study shows that patients with somatic pathology do not have levels of anxiety correlated with the impact of the global economic crisis felt. Disclosure of Interest None Declared

Introduction Recent theories hypothesized that chonobiological dis-rhythmicity might contribute to Bipolar disorders (BD) by dysregulating most of the systems involved in mood, stress and emotion regulation. In particular, the key role of sleep in regulating stress system and emotions has been hypothesized. Among other important factors contributing to BD the stress vulnerability/resilience dimension may play a key role. In particular low resilience has been associated with a dysregulation in emotions and stress response possibly involved in psychopathological process of BDs Objectives The study aimed to investigate the possible impact of resilience and emotion dysregulation on the clinical manifestations of bipolar disorders (BDs) focusing on the possible role of circadian rhythm alterations. Methods A sample of 197 inpatients suffering from BD of type I (BDI) or II (BDII) were assessed during a major depressive episode using the Structural Clinical Interview for DSM-5 (SCID-5), the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), Resilience Scale for Adults (RSA), Biological Rhythms Interview of Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (BRIAN), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) and the Scale for Suicide Ideation (SSI). Participants with or without circadian rhythm disturbances as measured with Biological Rhythms Interview of Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (BRIAN), were compared; regression and mediation analyses were computed. Results Participants with circadian rhythms disturbances showed a greater severity of depressive symptoms, of suicidal risk, lower resilience and more disturbances in emotion regulation including impulsivity and regulatory strategies. The logistic regression revealed that circadian rhythm disturbances was related to depressive symptoms (O.R. 4.0), suicidal risk (OR 2.51), emotion dysregulation (OR 2.28) and low resilience (OR 2.72). At the mediation analyses, circadian rhythm alterations showed an indirect effect on depressive symptoms by impairing resilience (Z= 3.17, p=0.0014)/ emotional regulation (Z= 4.36, p

Introduction The COVID-19 outbreak is a serious global public health issue with wide-ranging negative effects on people’s lives, which is reflected in steadily rising mental health problems. In order to appropriately respond to the increased occurrence of psychiatric illness, protect mental health and strengthen resilience it is necessary to include new technologies, such as extended reality (XR) or socially assistive robots (SAR) in not only psychiatric treatment but also in the prevention of psychiatric diseases. In this context, the use of new technologies offers innovative ways to strengthen resilience, self-efficacy and stress coping skills and plays an important role in improving psychological wellbeing. Objectives Preliminary results from studies at the Clinical Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine in Graz, Austria, dealing with new technologies in psychiatry, show new options for psychiatric settings. Methods Project AMIGA: The aim of this study is to test the effectiveness of a cognitive training session, conducted with the SAR named Pepper. In this randomized controlled trial, the effectiveness of SAR on depressive symptoms and correlates is evaluated in a sample of 60 individuals with major depression. While the intervention group will receive cognitive training with the SAR Pepper, the control group will receive “treatment-as-usual” therapy with a common PC software. Participants will receive 30 minutes of training 2 times per week over a period of 3 weeks. Project XRes4HEALTH: The aim of this study is to develop an XR resilience training to increase resilience and stress coping mechanisms in healthcare workers. A total of 40 people will be included. To test the effectiveness of the resilience training, 3 XR training sessions of 15 minutes each will be held. A pre-post measurement will test the effectiveness of the training on wellbeing and stress levels as well as the acceptance and satisfaction with the training. Project AI-REFIT: The overall goal of this study is to explore key information to increase resilience in healthy individuals who are at increased risk for mental health problems. Through a usability study, the artificial intelligence-based prototype app of the resilience training will be tested for acceptance, usability, functionality, and efficiency. During the resilience training, participants are wearing a smartwatch which measures psychophysiological parameters. Conclusions about the success of the therapy can be drawn based on digital data acquisition. Results New technologies including XR and SAR support classical psychiatric treatment in the topics of resilience and cognitive training as an add-on therapy in times of reduced availability of healthcare workers. Conclusions The rapid development of new technologies holds a lot of potential in the treatment of psychiatric disorders, which is why it is important to scientifically evaluate those innovative tools. Disclosure of Interest None Declared

Introduction Mood disorders are complex illnesses possibly resulting from the interaction of genetic, physiological, psychological, and environmental factors.Within this framework, a role for early life stressors has been proposed. Although this association is probably not specific to Bipolar Disorders BDs, with early life stressors predisposing to trans nosological indicators for severity of psychiatric disorders, it may represent an early marker both for triggering and long-term clinical manifestations of BDs. Insomnia likely plays a triggering role in the onset and maintenance of BDs, as it may might play a key role in BDs by potentially dysregulating the systems involved in mood and emotion regulation, including stress and inflammatory systems and circadian rhythms alterations. Early life stressors have been demonstrated to alter sleep regulation. It has been hypothesized that sleep disruption related to early life stressors might contribute to the development pathways towards BDs in adult life through the epigenetic re-reprogramming of stress and inflammatory systems. Objectives We aimed to study their association with mood symptoms and suicidal risk in BDs with and without clinically significant insomnia symptoms. Since hopelessness is a construct strongly predicting depressive symptoms and suicidal risk in BDs and it has also been related to early life stress and to insomnia symptoms we aimed to specifically assess this symptom in our research. Methods a sample of 162 adult participants with BD I or II were assessed during depressed phase using the Structural Clinical Interview for DSM-5 (SCID-5), the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), the Early Trauma Inventory Self Report-Short Form (ETISR-SF), the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and the Scale for Suicide Ideation (SSI). Participants with or without clinically significant insomnia were compared and we carried out correlations, regression and mediation analyses. Results Participants with insomnia showed a greater severity of depressive symptoms,of suicidal risk, of the cognitive component of hopelessness and of early life stressors. Insomnia symptoms mediated the association among early life stress and depressive symptoms (Z = 2.72, p = 0.0006), the cognitive component of hopelessness (Z = 3.02, p = 0.0001) and suicidal ideation and plans (Z = 2.07 p = 0.0006). Conclusions fnsomnia may mediate the relationship between early life stress and clinical manifestations of BD. Assessing the evolution of insomnia symptoms could offer an approach to characterize BD and to formulate treatment strategies. In particular targeting insomnia symptoms might potentially modify the clinical features of BD in response to early life stressful events. Disclosure of Interest None Declared

Introduction Bpolar disorder (BD) is a severe and chronic psychiatric disorder it is the sixth leading cause of disability among all illnesses worldwide. With regard to causes of premature mortality, patients with BD are at very high risk of suicide. Whereas risk factors for suicidal behaviors are multiple and complex, hopelessness appears to be a major independent risk factor for suicidality in BD. Compelling evidence has also demonstrated that BD is frequently associated with circadian rhythms alteration, contributing to its vulnerability, pathogenesis, and manifestations. in particular in the desynchronization of sleep and social life, has been associated with the severity of BD. Indeed hopelessness has never been studid in relation to circadian rhythms in BD Objectives To examine the role of chronobiological rhythm alterations in suicidal ideation and behaviors and its relation with hopelessness. Methods One hundred twenty-seven patients (77 females, mean age of 47.4 ± 12.5 years) with a major depressive episode and bipolar disorder (BD) type I or II (according to Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 assessment) were recruited in 2019 and assessed for depressive and manic symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory-II, Young Mania Rating Scale) and with the Biological Rhythms Interview of Assessment in Neuropsychiatry, Beck Hopelessness Scale, and Scale for Suicide Ideation. Univariate regression and mediation analyses were performed. Results Forty-one patients (32.3%) showed clinically significant suicidal ideation and were more frequently affected by BD type I (P = .029) with mixed features (P = .022). Compared to nonsuicidal individuals, they had significantly more depressive symptoms (P = .019), higher emotional component of hopelessness (P = .037), and higher dysrhythmicity of sleep (P = .009), activities (P = .048), and social life (P = .019). Passive and active suicidal ideation and suicidal plans were best predicted by dysrhythmicity of sleep and social life. Dysrhythmicity of sleep and social life mediated the direct effect of depressive symptoms on passive and active suicidal ideation and also of active ideation on suicidal plans. The emotional component of hopelessness was related to dysrhythmicity of social life and mediated its effect on suicidal plans (P = .010). Conclusions Chronobiological alterations directly contributed to passive and active suicidal ideation and to suicidal preparation, with a key role of circadian rhythm alteration of sleep, activities, and social life. Chronobiological alterations also impacted the emotional component of hopelessness, hence indirectly contributing to suicidal ideations and plans. These findings call for the systematic screening of these dysrhythmicity dimensions when considering suicidal risk in individuals with BD. Disclosure of InterestNone Declared