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Patients with congenital biliary atresia (CBA) showed green staining of the teeth and soft tissues. Current cases of biliary atresia show various degrees of green staining in the primary and/or permanent dentition, suggesting a correlation between the degree of staining and the severity of the disease. Rampant caries was found in five out of seven patients. The importance of meticulous oral hygiene should be emphasized.

— A 25-in. SMPDP with fine pitch and high resolution has recently been developed as a succession of the 34-in. SMPDP, which had been exhibited at ASID '04. SMPDP was regarded as a hopeful low-cost PDP solution. The new pitch size of 0.66 mm realized an SVGA resolution on this 25-in. SMPDP, and it also promises HDTV-resolution compatibility for a 42-in. SMPDP. The discharge cell has been re-designed and the delta-type arrangement of discharge cells has been applied, which provides more display area and facilitates the panel fabrication as well. Other modifications, such as the bus-electrode structure and the alternatives of the glass material for substrates, have been tested. A peak luminance of 500 cd/m2 and a total power consumption of 100 W has been achieved for the 25-in. SMPDP sample.

A 25-inch SMPDP with 0.66mm pitch size of shadow mask and SVGA resolution has been developed recently as a succession of the 34-inch SMPDP, which had been exhibited at ASID'04. The new pitch size promises HDTV-resolution compatibility for a 42-inch PDP. The discharge cell structure has been re-designed, which can provide larger display area and facilitate the panel fabrication. Peak luminance of 500cd/m2 and total power consumption of 100W has been achieved in our module.

A 34 inch VGA ACPDP with shadow mask (SMPDP) is presented in this paper. Capacitance has been reduced over 30% by optimizing the structure of the shadow mask, which enables high speed addressing less than 1.4μs per line for large display area. High luminance with 800cd/m2 and high contrast over 5000:1 have been achieved by applying high Xe content and True Black driving scheme.

— In this paper, the deflection aberration theory at extra-large deflection angles in HDTV tubes is studied by means of the curved-axis theory. Second- and third-order aberration formulae are given accordingly. Some application results are shown for deflection angles from 90° to 120°. The results are compared to the results derived from the analytic formulae and it is seen that when the deflection angle is larger than 110°, the effects of the third-order curved-axis aberrations must be considered.

Flow boiling crisis can be categorized into at least two types: Departure from Nucleate Boiling (DNB) in the subcooled and low-quality region and dry-out in the high-quality region. To analyze the ...

A lumped parameter technique is described for simplifying the calculation of a thermal transient of a uranium dioxide fuel rod. The calculation is accomplished by evaluating the thermal resistances and capacitances of the pellet and the clad at their average condltions in time and space. Each quantlty is lumped at the middle of lts physical geometry and axial heat conduction is neglected. The equivalent thermal circuit is shown. The technique gives a fairly accurate solution in comparison with other exact methods. (N.W. R.)

A semianalytic model is presented for the prediction of void fractions in subcooled flow boiling at elevated pressures. The model is based on the formation and growth of a bubble boundary layer adjacent to the heated surface at a rate determined by the difference between the imposed surface heat transfer and the heat removal capability of the subcooled liquid core of the flow. The latter heat transfer rate is determined by the analogy between heat and momentum transfer in the liquid employing empirical friction-factor data for low-quality two-phase flow. The analysis is compared to experimental results.

Tests were performed in a high pressure heat transfer loop to determine the behavior of transient DNB during pressure blowdown in rod bundles. Water flowed along a 21 rod, 5-ft-long electrically heated rod bundle with a radially nonuniform heat flux distribution. Both steady-state and transient DNB tests were conducted over the following range of operating parameters: 1 Pressure—750 to 1500 psia; 2 Inlet temperature—480 to 540 deg F; 3 Mass velocity—1 × 106 to 3 × 106 lb/hr ft2; 4 Grid configurations—2. The data were analyzed using calculated subchannel local velocity and enthalpy as a function of time with proper allowance for the mixing and cross flow within the bundle. Results show that the inception of transient DNB during pressure blowdown can be predicted on the basis of steady-state data.

The present subchannel analysis substantially revises the concept of engineering hot-channel factors. Previous design techniques sequentially applied hot-channel factors to the core average enthalpy rise and flow in an attempt to estimate the flow and enthalpy rise in the hottest subchannel of the core. In the present method, a three-dimensional matrix is used to represent the core. Coolant conditions within each matrix element are determined by simultaneous solution of the equations of conservation of mass, energy, and momentum. The behavior of the hot assembly is determined by superimposing the power distribution among the assemblies upon the flow distribution while allowing for flow mixing between assemblies. Another three-dimensional matrix is used to represent the subchannels within the hot assembly. Coolant conditions are obtained from solution of the continuity equations for each matrix element. The flows to and from the hot assembly, computed by the core-wide analysis, are used as a boundary condition. The local variations in power, fuel rod and pellet dimensions, and mixing within the assembly, are superimposed in these calculations in order to determine the conditions in the hot subchannel. The procedure avoids the repetitive application of penalty factors inherent in the use of the simple product of all hot-channel factors.

Woven-screen or crossed-rod types of matrixes may be of interest as fuel-element geometries for certain types of nuclear reactors as well as in many other heat-transfer and mass-transfer systems. Basic heat-transfer and flow-friction design data for these geometries are presented graphically, in nondimensional form, for a range of Reynolds numbers from 5 to 100,000 and matrix porosities from 0.60 to 0.83. Algebraic equations which adequately represent these data are also given and these may be used for interpolation and, at least tentatively, for a limited extrapolation beyond the range of porosities covered in this program.

Subcooled, critical heat-flux test data on refrigerant R-11 flowing vertically in a uniformly heated circular tube is reported. Using the data reported by Coeffield for R-113, a method is presented for obtaining a direct heat-flux scaling factor between refrigerant and water with the same geometry, mass velocity, and local flowing quality when the pressure is adjusted so that the liquid-to-vapor density ratios are equal in both systems.

From international symposium on two-phase systems; Haifa, Israel (29 Aug 1971). See CONF-710836-. Freon-11 CHF (critical heat flux) data are presented which models water at high pressure in the subcooled region. These data were obtained from a sixteen-rod non-uniform heat-flux bundle. The heater rods were 8 ft in length and had a u sine u or cosine heat-flux shape. The data range reported includes: pressure from 160 to 515 psia, mass velocity from 1.5 to 4.0 x 10/sup 6/ lb/hr/ft/sup 2/, inlet temperature from 220 to 33O deg F, CHF from 0.4 to 1.2 x 10/sup 5/ Btu/hr/ft/sup 2/. The above pressure range is equivalent to water pressures between 1000 and 2700 psia in the subcooled region. In order to establish the scaling relationships, water CHF data was obtained using the same rod bundle and . grid geometry over the following range of parameters: pressure from 1500 to 2400 psia, mass velocity from 2.0 to 3.5 x 10/sup 6/lb/hr/ ft/sup 2/, inlet temperature from 480 to 600 deg F, CHF from 0.5to 1 x 10/sup 6/ port grid, mixing vane grid A, and mixing vane grid B. The Freon and water CHF results exhibit the same trends with respect tomore » the above parameters. The axial location of CHF agreed in both Freon11 and water in the majority of comparable runs. The results of these two series of tests were used to determine scaling factors to relate water and Freon-11. A scaling technique of matching CHF quality was used. The scaling factors were found to be a function of pressure. These scaling factors were then used to scale the Freon CHF results to equivalent water CHF. There is good agreement with the W-3 correlation predictions for various types of grids. (auth)« less