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1. Search for keV-scale sterile neutrinos with the first KATRIN data

Author

M. Aker, D. Batzler, A. Beglarian, J. Behrens, A. Berlev, U. Besserer, B. Bieringer, F. Block, S. Bobien, B. Bornschein, L. Bornschein, M. Böttcher, T. Brunst, T. S. Caldwell, S. Chilingaryan, W. Choi, K. Debowski, M. Descher, D. Díaz Barrero, P. J. Doe, O. Dragoun, G. Drexlin, F. Edzards, K. Eitel, E. Ellinger, R. Engel, S. Enomoto, A. Felden, J. A. Formaggio, F. M. Fränkle, G. B. Franklin, F. Friedel, A. Fulst, K. Gauda, A. S. Gavin, W. Gil, F. Glück, R. Grössle, R. Gumbsheimer, V. Hannen, N. Haußmann, K. Helbing, S. Hickford, R. Hiller, D. Hillesheimer, D. Hinz, T. Höhn, T. Houdy, A. Huber, A. Jansen, C. Karl, J. Kellerer, M. Kleifges, M. Klein, C. Köhler, L. Köllenberger, A. Kopmann, M. Korzeczek, A. Kovalík, B. Krasch, H. Krause, L. La Cascio, T. Lasserre, T. L. Le, O. Lebeda, B. Lehnert, A. Lokhov, M. Machatschek, E. Malcherek, M. Mark, A. Marsteller, E. L. Martin, C. Melzer, S. Mertens, J. Mostafa, K. Müller, H. Neumann, S. Niemes, P. Oelpmann, D. S. Parno, A. W. P. Poon, J. M. L. Poyato, F. Priester, J. Ráliš, S. Ramachandran, R. G. H. Robertson, W. Rodejohann, C. Rodenbeck, M. Röllig, C. Röttele, M. Ryšavý, R. Sack, A. Saenz, R. Salomon, P. Schäfer, L. Schimpf, M. Schlösser, K. Schlösser, L. Schlüter, S. Schneidewind, M. Schrank, A. Schwemmer, M. Šefǧík, V. Sibille, D. Siegmann, M. Slezák, F. Spanier, M. Steidl, M. Sturm, H. H. Telle, L. A. Thorne, T. Thümmler, N. Titov, I. Tkachev, K. Urban, K. Valerius, D. Vénos, A. P. Vizcaya Hernández, C. Weinheimer, S. Welte, J. Wendel, M. Wetter, C. Wiesinger, J. F. Wilkerson, J. Wolf, S. Wüstling, J. Wydra, W. Xu, S. Zadoroghny, and G. Zeller

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract In this work we present a keV-scale sterile-neutrino search with a low-tritium-activity data set of the KATRIN experiment, acquired in a commissioning run in 2018. KATRIN performs a spectroscopic measurement of the tritium $$\upbeta $$ β -decay spectrum with the main goal of directly determining the effective electron anti-neutrino mass. During this commissioning phase a lower tritium activity facilitated the measurement of a wider part of the tritium spectrum and thus the search for sterile neutrinos with a mass of up to $$1.6\, \textrm{keV}$$ 1.6 keV . We do not find a signal and set an exclusion limit on the sterile-to-active mixing amplitude of $$\sin ^2\theta < 5\times 10^{-4}$$ sin 2 θ < 5 × 10 - 4 ( $$95\%$$ 95 % C.L.) at a mass of 0.3 keV. This result improves current laboratory-based bounds in the sterile-neutrino mass range between 0.1 and 1.0 keV.

Published
2023
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2. Precision measurement of the electron energy-loss function in tritium and deuterium gas for the KATRIN experiment

Author

M. Aker, A. Beglarian, J. Behrens, A. Berlev, U. Besserer, B. Bieringer, F. Block, B. Bornschein, L. Bornschein, M. Böttcher, T. Brunst, T. S. Caldwell, R. M. D. Carney, S. Chilingaryan, W. Choi, K. Debowski, M. Deffert, M. Descher, D. Díaz Barrero, P. J. Doe, O. Dragoun, G. Drexlin, F. Edzards, K. Eitel, E. Ellinger, A. El Miniawy, R. Engel, S. Enomoto, A. Felden, J. A. Formaggio, F. M. Fränkle, G. B. Franklin, F. Friedel, A. Fulst, K. Gauda, W. Gil, F. Glück, S. Groh, R. Grössle, R. Gumbsheimer, V. Hannen, N. Haußmann, F. Heizmann, K. Helbing, S. Hickford, R. Hiller, D. Hillesheimer, D. Hinz, T. Höhn, T. Houdy, A. Huber, A. Jansen, C. Karl, J. Kellerer, M. Kleesiek, M. Klein, C. Köhler, L. Köllenberger, A. Kopmann, M. Korzeczek, A. Kovalík, B. Krasch, H. Krause, N. Kunka, T. Lasserre, L. La Cascio, O. Lebeda, B. Lehnert, T. L. Le, A. Lokhov, M. Machatschek, E. Malcherek, M. Mark, A. Marsteller, E. L. Martin, M. Meier, C. Melzer, A. Menshikov, S. Mertens, J. Mostafa, K. Müller, S. Niemes, P. Oelpmann, D. S. Parno, A. W. P. Poon, J. M. L. Poyato, F. Priester, P. C.-O. Ranitzsch, R. G. H. Robertson, W. Rodejohann, C. Rodenbeck, M. Röllig, C. Röttele, M. Ryšavý, R. Sack, A. Saenz, P. Schäfer, A. Schaller (née Pollithy), L. Schimpf, K. Schlösser, M. Schlösser, L. Schlüter, S. Schneidewind, M. Schrank, B. Schulz, C. Schwachtgen, M. Šefčík, H. Seitz-Moskaliuk, V. Sibille, D. Siegmann, M. Slezák, M. Steidl, M. Sturm, M. Sun, D. Tcherniakhovski, H. H. Telle, L. A. Thorne, T. Thümmler, N. Titov, I. Tkachev, N. Trost, K. Urban, K. Valerius, D. Vénos, A. P. Vizcaya Hernández, C. Weinheimer, S. Welte, J. Wendel, J. F. Wilkerson, J. Wolf, S. Wüstling, W. Xu, Y.-R. Yen, S. Zadoroghny, and G. Zeller

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract The KATRIN experiment is designed for a direct and model-independent determination of the effective electron anti-neutrino mass via a high-precision measurement of the tritium $$\upbeta $$ β -decay endpoint region with a sensitivity on $$m_\nu $$ m ν of 0.2 $$\hbox {eV}/\hbox {c}^2$$ eV / c 2 (90% CL). For this purpose, the $$\upbeta $$ β -electrons from a high-luminosity windowless gaseous tritium source traversing an electrostatic retarding spectrometer are counted to obtain an integral spectrum around the endpoint energy of 18.6 keV. A dominant systematic effect of the response of the experimental setup is the energy loss of $$\upbeta $$ β -electrons from elastic and inelastic scattering off tritium molecules within the source. We determined the energy-loss function in-situ with a pulsed angular-selective and monoenergetic photoelectron source at various tritium-source densities. The data was recorded in integral and differential modes; the latter was achieved by using a novel time-of-flight technique. We developed a semi-empirical parametrization for the energy-loss function for the scattering of 18.6-keV electrons from hydrogen isotopologs. This model was fit to measurement data with a 95% $$\hbox {T}_2$$ T 2 gas mixture at 30 K, as used in the first KATRIN neutrino-mass analyses, as well as a $$\hbox {D}_2$$ D 2 gas mixture of 96% purity used in KATRIN commissioning runs. The achieved precision on the energy-loss function has abated the corresponding uncertainty of $$\sigma (m_\nu ^2)< {{10}^{-2}}{\hbox {eV}^{2}}$$ σ ( m ν 2 ) < 10 - 2 eV 2 [1] in the KATRIN neutrino-mass measurement to a subdominant level.

Published
2021
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3. Suppression of Penning discharges between the KATRIN spectrometers

Author

M. Aker, K. Altenmüller, A. Beglarian, J. Behrens, A. Berlev, U. Besserer, K. Blaum, F. Block, S. Bobien, B. Bornschein, L. Bornschein, H. Bouquet, T. Brunst, T. S. Caldwell, S. Chilingaryan, W. Choi, K. Debowski, M. Deffert, M. Descher, D. Díaz Barrero, P. J. Doe, O. Dragoun, G. Drexlin, S. Dyba, K. Eitel, E. Ellinger, R. Engel, S. Enomoto, D. Eversheim, M. Fedkevych, A. Felden, J. A. Formaggio, F. Fränkle, G. B. Franklin, H. Frankrone, F. Friedel, A. Fulst, K. Gauda, W. Gil, F. Glück, S. Grohmann, R. Grössle, R. Gumbsheimer, M. Hackenjos, V. Hannen, J. Hartmann, N. Haußmann, F. Heizmann, J. Heizmann, K. Helbing, S. Hickford, D. Hillesheimer, D. Hinz, T. Höhn, B. Holzapfel, S. Holzmann, T. Houdy, A. Jansen, C. Karl, J. Kellerer, N. Kernert, L. Kippenbrock, M. Klein, C. Köhler, L. Köllenberger, A. Kopmann, M. Korzeczek, A. Kovalík, B. Krasch, H. Krause, B. Kuffner, N. Kunka, T. Lasserre, L. La Cascio, O. Lebeda, B. Lehnert, J. Letnev, F. Leven, T. L. Le, S. Lichter, A. Lokhov, M. Machatschek, E. Malcherek, A. Marsteller, E. L. Martin, C. Melzer, A. Menshikov, S. Mertens, S. Mirz, B. Monreal, K. Müller, U. Naumann, H. Neumann, S. Niemes, M. Noe, H.-W. Ortjohann, A. Osipowicz, E. Otten, D. S. Parno, A. Pollithy, A. W. P. Poon, J. M. L. Poyato, F. Priester, P. C.-O. Ranitzsch, O. Rest, R. Rinderspacher, R. G. H. Robertson, C. Rodenbeck, P. Rohr, M. Röllig, C. Röttele, M. Ryšavý, R. Sack, A. Saenz, P. Schäfer, L. Schimpf, K. Schlösser, M. Schlösser, L. Schlüter, M. Schrank, B. Schulz, H. Seitz-Moskaliuk, W. Seller, V. Sibille, D. Siegmann, M. Slezák, F. Spanier, M. Steidl, M. Steven, M. Sturm, M. Suesser, M. Sun, D. Tcherniakhovski, H. H. Telle, L. A. Thorne, T. Thümmler, N. Titov, I. Tkachev, N. Trost, K. Valerius, D. Vénos, R. Vianden, A. P. Vizcaya Hernández, M. Weber, C. Weinheimer, C. Weiss, S. Welte, J. Wendel, J. F. Wilkerson, J. Wolf, S. Wüstling, W. Xu, Y.-R. Yen, S. Zadoroghny, and G. Zeller

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract The KArlsruhe TRItium Neutrino experiment (KATRIN) aims to determine the effective electron (anti)-neutrino mass with a sensitivity of 0.2eV/c $$^2$$ 2 by precisely measuring the endpoint region of the tritium $$\beta $$ β -decay spectrum. It uses a tandem of electrostatic spectrometers working as magnetic adiabatic collimation combined with an electrostatic (MAC-E) filters. In the space between the pre-spectrometer and the main spectrometer, creating a Penning trap is unavoidable when the superconducting magnet between the two spectrometers, biased at their respective nominal potentials, is energized. The electrons accumulated in this trap can lead to discharges, which create additional background electrons and endanger the spectrometer and detector section downstream. To counteract this problem, “electron catchers” were installed in the beamline inside the magnet bore between the two spectrometers. These catchers can be moved across the magnetic-flux tube and intercept on a sub-ms time scale the stored electrons along their magnetron motion paths. In this paper, we report on the design and the successful commissioning of the electron catchers and present results on their efficiency in reducing the experimental background.

Published
2020
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4. Gamma-induced background in the KATRIN main spectrometer

Author

K. Altenmüller, M. Arenz, W.-J. Baek, M. Beck, A. Beglarian, J. Behrens, A. Berlev, U. Besserer, K. Blaum, F. Block, S. Bobien, T. Bode, B. Bornschein, L. Bornschein, H. Bouquet, T. Brunst, N. Buzinsky, S. Chilingaryan, W. Q. Choi, M. Deffert, P. J. Doe, O. Dragoun, G. Drexlin, S. Dyba, K. Eitel, E. Ellinger, R. Engel, S. Enomoto, M. Erhard, D. Eversheim, M. Fedkevych, J. A. Formaggio, F. M. Fränkle, G. B. Franklin, F. Friedel, A. Fulst, W. Gil, F. Glück, A. Gonzalez Ureña, R. Grössle, R. Gumbsheimer, M. Hackenjos, V. Hannen, F. Harms, N. Haußmann, F. Heizmann, K. Helbing, W. Herz, S. Hickford, D. Hilk, D. Hillesheimer, M. A. Howe, A. Huber, A. Jansen, C. Karl, J. Kellerer, N. Kernert, L. Kippenbrock, M. Klein, A. Kopmann, M. Korzeczek, A. Kovalík, B. Krasch, A. Kraus, M. Kraus, T. Lasserre, O. Lebeda, B. Lehnert, J. Letnev, A. Lokhov, M. Machatschek, A. Marsteller, E. L. Martin, S. Mertens, S. Mirz, B. Monreal, H. Neumann, S. Niemes, A. Osipowicz, E. Otten, D. S. Parno, A. Pollithy, A. W. P. Poon, F. Priester, P. C.-O. Ranitzsch, O. Rest, R. G. H. Robertson, C. Rodenbeck, M. Röllig, C. Röttele, M. Ryšavý, R. Sack, A. Saenz, L. Schimpf, K. Schlösser, M. Schlösser, L. Schlüter, M. Schrank, H. Seitz-Moskaliuk, V. Sibille, M. Slezák, M. Steidl, N. Steinbrink, M. Sturm, M. Suchopar, D. Tcherniakhovski, H. H. Telle, L. A. Thorne, T. Thümmler, N. Titov, I. Tkachev, N. Trost, K. Valerius, D. Vénos, R. Vianden, A. P. Vizcaya Hernández, M. Weber, C. Weinheimer, C. Weiss, S. Welte, J. Wendel, J. F. Wilkerson, J. Wolf, S. Wüstling, S. Zadoroghny, and G. Zeller

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract The KATRIN experiment aims to measure the effective electron antineutrino mass $$m_{\overline{\nu }_e}$$ mν¯e with a sensitivity of $${0.2}\,{\hbox {eV}/\hbox {c}^2}$$ 0.2eV/c2 using a gaseous tritium source combined with the MAC-E filter technique. A low background rate is crucial to achieving the proposed sensitivity, and dedicated measurements have been performed to study possible sources of background electrons. In this work, we test the hypothesis that gamma radiation from external radioactive sources significantly increases the rate of background events created in the main spectrometer (MS) and observed in the focal-plane detector. Using detailed simulations of the gamma flux in the experimental hall, combined with a series of experimental tests that artificially increased or decreased the local gamma flux to the MS, we set an upper limit of $${0.006}\,{\hbox {count}/\hbox {s}}$$ 0.006count/s (90% C.L.) from this mechanism. Our results indicate the effectiveness of the electrostatic and magnetic shielding used to block secondary electrons emitted from the inner surface of the MS.

Published
2019
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5. Reduction of stored-particle background by a magnetic pulse method at the KATRIN experiment

Author

M. Arenz, W.-J. Baek, S. Bauer, M. Beck, A. Beglarian, J. Behrens, R. Berendes, T. Bergmann, A. Berlev, U. Besserer, K. Blaum, T. Bode, B. Bornschein, L. Bornschein, T. Brunst, W. Buglak, N. Buzinsky, S. Chilingaryan, W. Q. Choi, M. Deffert, P. J. Doe, O. Dragoun, G. Drexlin, S. Dyba, F. Edzards, K. Eitel, E. Ellinger, R. Engel, S. Enomoto, M. Erhard, D. Eversheim, M. Fedkevych, J. A. Formaggio, F. M. Fränkle, G. B. Franklin, F. Friedel, A. Fulst, D. Furse, W. Gil, F. Glück, A. Gonzalez Ureña, S. Grohmann, R. Grössle, R. Gumbsheimer, M. Hackenjos, V. Hannen, F. Harms, N. Haußmann, F. Heizmann, K. Helbing, W. Herz, S. Hickford, D. Hilk, M. A. Howe, A. Huber, A. Jansen, J. Kellerer, N. Kernert, L. Kippenbrock, M. Kleesiek, M. Klein, A. Kopmann, M. Korzeczek, A. Kovalík, B. Krasch, M. Kraus, L. Kuckert, T. Lasserre, O. Lebeda, J. Letnev, A. Lokhov, M. Machatschek, A. Marsteller, E. L. Martin, S. Mertens, S. Mirz, B. Monreal, H. Neumann, S. Niemes, A. Off, A. Osipowicz, E. Otten, D. S. Parno, A. Pollithy, A. W. P. Poon, F. Priester, P. C.-O. Ranitzsch, O. Rest, R. G. H. Robertson, F. Roccati, C. Rodenbeck, M. Röllig, C. Röttele, M. Ryšavý, R. Sack, A. Saenz, L. Schimpf, K. Schlösser, M. Schlösser, K. Schönung, M. Schrank, H. Seitz-Moskaliuk, J. Sentkerestiová, V. Sibille, M. Slezák, M. Steidl, N. Steinbrink, M. Sturm, M. Suchopar, H. H. Telle, L. A. Thorne, T. Thümmler, N. Titov, I. Tkachev, N. Trost, K. Valerius, D. Vénos, R. Vianden, A. P. Vizcaya Hernández, N. Wandkowsky, M. Weber, C. Weinheimer, C. Weiss, S. Welte, J. Wendel, J. F. Wilkerson, J. Wolf, S. Wüstling, and S. Zadoroghny

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract The KATRIN experiment aims to determine the effective electron neutrino mass with a sensitivity of $${0.2}{\hbox { eV/c}^{2}}$$ 0.2eV/c2 (%90 CL) by precision measurement of the shape of the tritium $$\upbeta $$ β -spectrum in the endpoint region. The energy analysis of the decay electrons is achieved by a MAC-E filter spectrometer. A common background source in this setup is the decay of short-lived isotopes, such as $${}^{\text {219}}\text {Rn}$$ 219Rn and $${}^{\text {220}}\text {Rn}$$ 220Rn , in the spectrometer volume. Active and passive countermeasures have been implemented and tested at the KATRIN main spectrometer. One of these is the magnetic pulse method, which employs the existing air coil system to reduce the magnetic guiding field in the spectrometer on a short timescale in order to remove low- and high-energy stored electrons. Here we describe the working principle of this method and present results from commissioning measurements at the main spectrometer. Simulations with the particle-tracking software Kassiopeia were carried out to gain a detailed understanding of the electron storage conditions and removal processes.

Published
2018
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6. Calibration of high voltages at the ppm level by the difference of $$^{83{\mathrm{m}}}$$ 83m Kr conversion electron lines at the KATRIN experiment

Author

M. Arenz, W.-J. Baek, M. Beck, A. Beglarian, J. Behrens, T. Bergmann, A. Berlev, U. Besserer, K. Blaum, T. Bode, B. Bornschein, L. Bornschein, T. Brunst, N. Buzinsky, S. Chilingaryan, W. Q. Choi, M. Deffert, P. J. Doe, O. Dragoun, G. Drexlin, S. Dyba, F. Edzards, K. Eitel, E. Ellinger, R. Engel, S. Enomoto, M. Erhard, D. Eversheim, M. Fedkevych, S. Fischer, J. A. Formaggio, F. M. Fränkle, G. B. Franklin, F. Friedel, A. Fulst, W. Gil, F. Glück, A. Gonzalez Ureña, S. Grohmann, R. Grössle, R. Gumbsheimer, M. Hackenjos, V. Hannen, F. Harms, N. Haußmann, F. Heizmann, K. Helbing, W. Herz, S. Hickford, D. Hilk, D. Hillesheimer, M. A. Howe, A. Huber, A. Jansen, J. Kellerer, N. Kernert, L. Kippenbrock, M. Kleesiek, M. Klein, A. Kopmann, M. Korzeczek, A. Kovalík, B. Krasch, M. Kraus, L. Kuckert, T. Lasserre, O. Lebeda, J. Letnev, A. Lokhov, M. Machatschek, A. Marsteller, E. L. Martin, S. Mertens, S. Mirz, B. Monreal, H. Neumann, S. Niemes, A. Off, A. Osipowicz, E. Otten, D. S. Parno, A. Pollithy, A. W. P. Poon, F. Priester, P. C.-O. Ranitzsch, O. Rest, R. G. H. Robertson, F. Roccati, C. Rodenbeck, M. Röllig, C. Röttele, M. Ryšavý, R. Sack, A. Saenz, L. Schimpf, K. Schlösser, M. Schlösser, K. Schönung, M. Schrank, H. Seitz-Moskaliuk, J. Sentkerestiová, V. Sibille, M. Slezák, M. Steidl, N. Steinbrink, M. Sturm, M. Suchopar, M. Suesser, H. H. Telle, L. A. Thorne, T. Thümmler, N. Titov, I. Tkachev, N. Trost, K. Valerius, D. Vénos, R. Vianden, A. P. Vizcaya Hernández, M. Weber, C. Weinheimer, C. Weiss, S. Welte, J. Wendel, J. F. Wilkerson, J. Wolf, S. Wüstling, and S. Zadoroghny

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract The neutrino mass experiment KATRIN requires a stability of 3 ppm for the retarding potential at − 18.6 kV of the main spectrometer. To monitor the stability, two custom-made ultra-precise high-voltage dividers were developed and built in cooperation with the German national metrology institute Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB). Until now, regular absolute calibration of the voltage dividers required bringing the equipment to the specialised metrology laboratory. Here we present a new method based on measuring the energy difference of two $$^{83{\mathrm{m}}}$$ 83m Kr conversion electron lines with the KATRIN setup, which was demonstrated during KATRIN’s commissioning measurements in July 2017. The measured scale factor $$M=1972.449(10)$$ M=1972.449(10) of the high-voltage divider K35 is in agreement with the last PTB calibration 4 years ago. This result demonstrates the utility of the calibration method, as well as the long-term stability of the voltage divider.

Published
2018
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7. Characterization of the KATRIN cryogenic pumping section

Author

C. Röttele, M. Steidl, M. Sturm, M. Röllig, A. Marsteller, L. Schimpf, F. Friedel, A. Jansen, W. Gil, M. Schrank, J. Wolf, G. Drexlin, and B. Bornschein

Subjects
Vacuum measurement, Cryogenic pumping section, Physics, KATRIN experiment, Molecular gas flow, ddc:530, Deuterium, Condensed Matter Physics, Cold trap, Instrumentation, Surfaces, Coatings and Films
Abstract

The KArlsruhe TRItium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment aims to determine the effective anti-electron neutrino mass with a sensitivity of 0.2 eV/c$^2$ by using the kinematics of tritium $\beta$-decay. It is crucial to have a high signal rate which is achieved by a windowless gaseous tritium source producing 10$^{11}$ $\beta$-electrons per second. These are guided adiabatically to the spectrometer section where their energy is analyzed. In order to maintain a low background rate below 0.01 cps, one essential criteria is to permanently reduce the flow of neutral tritium molecules between the source and the spectrometer section by at least 14 orders of magnitude. A differential pumping section downstream from the source reduces the tritium flow by seven orders of magnitude, while at least another factor of 10$^7$ is achieved by the cryogenic pumping section where tritium molecules are adsorbed on an approximately 3 K cold argon frost layer. In this paper, the results of the cryogenic pumping section commissioning measurements using deuterium are discussed. The cryogenic pumping section surpasses the requirement for the flow reduction of 10$^7$ by more than one order of magnitude. These results verify the predictions of previously published simulations.

Published
2023
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9. First direct neutrino-mass measurement with sub-eV sensitivity

Author

M. Aker, M. Bottcher, A. Beglarian, J. Behrens, A. Berlev, U. Besserer, B. Bieringer, F. Block, B. Bornschein, L. Bornschein, T. Brunst, T. S. Caldwell, R. M. D. Carney, L. La Cascio, S. Chilingaryan, W. Choi, K. Debowski, M. Deffert, M. Descher, D. D´ıaz Barrero, P. J. Doe, O. Dragouns, G. Drexlin, K. Eitel, E. Ellinger, R. Engel, S. Enomoto, A. Felden, J. A. Formaggio, F. M. Frankle, G. B. Franklin, F. Friedel, A. Fulst, K. Gauda, W. Gil, F. Gluck, R. Grossle, R. Gumbsheimer, V. Gupta, T. Hohn, V. Hannen, N. Haußmann, K. Helbing, S. Hickford, R. Hiller, D. Hillsheimer, D. Hinz, T. Houdy, A. Huber, A. Jansen, C. Karl, F. Kellerer, J. Kellerer, M. Klein, C. Kohler, L. Kollenberger, A. Kopmann, M. Korzeczek, A. Kovalik, B. Krasch, H. Krause, N. Kunka, T. Lasserre, T. L. Le, O. Lebeda, B. Lehnert, A. Lokhov, M. Machatschek, E. Malcherek, M. Mark, A. Marsteller, E. L. Martin, C. Melzer, A. Menshikov, Susanne Mertens, S. Mertens, J. Mostafa, K. Muller, S. Niemes, P. Oelpmann, D. S. Parno, A. W. P. Poon, J. M. L. Poyato, F. Priester, M. Rollig, C. Rottele, R. G. H. Robertson, W. Rodejohann, C. Rodenbeck, M. Rysavy, R. Sack, A. Saenz, P. Schafer, A. Schaller (nee Pollithy), L. Schimpf, K. Scholosser, Magnus Schlösser, L. Schluter, S. Schneidewind, M. Schrank, B. Schulz, A. Schwemmer, M. Sefcık, V. Sibille, D. Siegmann, M. Slezak, M. Steidl, M. Sturm, M. Sun, D. Tcherniakhovski, H. H. Telle, L. A. Thorne, T. Thummler, N. Titov, I. Tkachev, K. Urban, K. Valerius, D. Venos, A. P. Vizcaya Hernandez, C. Weinheimer, S. Welte, J. Wendel, J. F. Wilkerson, J. Wolf, S. Wustling, W. Xu, Y.-R. Yen, S. Zadoroghny, and G. Zeller

Subjects
Physics, Particle physics, Electron, Sensitivity (control systems), Mass campaign, Neutrino, Spectral data, Mass measurement, KATRIN
Abstract

We report the results of the second measurement campaign of the Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment. KATRIN probes the effective electron anti-neutrino mass, mν, via a high-precision measurement of the tritium β-decay spectrum close to its endpoint at 18.6 keV. In the second physics run presented here, the source activity was increased by a factor of 3.8 and the background was reduced by 25% with respect to the first campaign. A sensitivity on mν of 0.7 eV/c2 at 90% confidence level (CL) was reached. This is the first sub-eV sensitivity from a direct neutrino-mass experiment. The best fit to the spectral data yields mν2=(0.26±0.34) eV2/c4, resulting in an upper limit of mν2 (90% CL). By combining this result with the first neutrino mass campaign, we find an upper limit of mν2 (90% CL).

Published
2021
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10. The design, construction, and commissioning of the KATRIN experiment

Author

Stefan Welte, N. Titov, N. Trost, Suren Chilingaryan, S. Zadoroghny, J. Mostafa, B. Bieringer, L.I. Minter, B. L. Wall, M. Šefčík, M. Zacher, S. Bauer, C. Rodenbeck, A. P. Vizcaya Hernández, M. Fedkevych, M. Held, H. Bouquet, B. Krasch, P. C.-O. Ranitzsch, F. Block, T. Höhn, K. Vogt, A. Beglarian, C. Weinheimer, Thierry Lasserre, F. Eichelhardt, H. Bolz, Igor Tkachev, M. A. Howe, P. Plischke, C. Bettin, D.A. Peterson, P. Renschler, F. M. Fränkle, J. Grimm, Guido Drexlin, F. Edzards, A. Verbeek, B. Ostrick, K. Mehret, C. Köhler, B.A. VanDevender, M. Erhard, A. Felden, U. Naumann, R. Grössle, J. Kleinfeller, M. Hackenjos, M. Böttcher, Holger Neumann, Volker Hannen, L. La Cascio, B. Bender, K. Helbing, M. Meloni, H. Weingardt, P. Oelpmann, A. Osipowicz, R. Rinderspacher, Klaus Blaum, N.M. Boyd, A. Off, Joseph A. Formaggio, Michael Sturm, M. Deffert, A. Kumb, H. Frenzel, S. Horn, S. Dyba, V. Sibille, Andreas Kopmann, P. J. Doe, H. Bechtler, T. Houdy, D. Hinz, F. Heizmann, Lutz Bornschein, M. Prall, M. Klein, W. Gil, K. Gauda, G.A. Cox, A. Kovalík, K. Schlösser, A. I. Berlev, K.J. Wierman, M. Kaiser, S. Schneidewind, U. Besserer, R. Berendes, S. Fischer, A. Schaller, A. Jansen, S. Bobien, K. Altenmüller, Y.-R. Yen, O. Rest, E. L. Martin, K. Urban, A. Menshikov, R. G. H. Robertson, Reiner Vianden, A. Kosmider, M. Ryšavý, S. Groh, Ferenc Glück, Alan Poon, H.-W. Ortjohann, D. Hillesheimer, Alexey Lokhov, J. Reich, W. Seller, T. Brunst, G. P. Zeller, M. Slezák, J. A. Dunmore, S. Niemes, J. Bast, P. Rohr, S. Lichter, M. Korzeczek, M. Aker, M. Babutzka, Florian Priester, Marc Weber, K. Debowski, T. D. Van Wechel, Susanne Mertens, S. Görhardt, M. Descher, B. Hillen, D. Vénos, A. Marsteller, F. Friedel, A. Huber, S. Hickford, M. Machatschek, F. Harms, B. Lehnert, Felix Spanier, M. Mark, P. Schäfer, J. Hartmann, R. Sack, R. Gehring, H. Seitz-Moskaliuk, J.F. Amsbaugh, L. A. Thorne, J. Letnev, Marco Röllig, C. Röttele, E. Ellinger, B. Leiber, Alejandro Saenz, T. James, Beate Bornschein, Sascha Wüstling, M. Zboril, M. Kleesiek, W. Xu, T. S. Caldwell, Werner Rodejohann, Matthias Arenz, Ondřej Lebeda, L. Schlüter, M. Kraus, Joachim Wolf, N. Haußmann, Daniel Siegmann, J. Kellerer, A. Fulst, H. Krause, M. Sun, M. Steidl, O. Kazachenko, Benjamin Monreal, D. Díaz Barrero, E. Malcherek, J. Bohn, M. Leber, O. Dragoun, Denis Tcherniakhovski, T.J. Corona, J. Behrens, G. C. Harper, N. Kunka, M. Sagawe, Magnus Schlösser, Diana Parno, J. Wendel, Steffen Grohmann, S. Holzmann, L. Köllenberger, T.H. Burritt, D. Eversheim, Marcus Beck, Thomas Thümmler, L. Kuckert, R. Hiller, N. Wandkowsky, Z. Chaoui, K. Eitel, D. Hilk, M. Hötzel, Kathrin Valerius, C. Weiss, S. Rupp, M. Kleifges, C. Karl, M. Schrank, L. Schimpf, R. J. Lewis, J. F. Wilkerson, H. Schön, L. Kippenbrock, K. Schönung, R. Gumbsheimer, G. B. Franklin, C. Melzer, Helmut H. Telle, J. Schwarz, W. Q. Choi, J. M. Lopez Poyato, D. Häßler, B. Schulz, Ralph Engel, K. Müller, Sanshiro Enomoto, T. L. Le, K. Bokeloh, A. W. Myers, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, KATRIN, The KATRIN collaboration, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)

Subjects
Speichertechnik - Abteilung Blaum, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Project commissioning, Computer science, FOS: Physical sciences, beam transport, KATRIN, 01 natural sciences, Technical design, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, mass: scale, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Mass scale, ddc:530, neutrino: mass, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, detector: design, activity report, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Physics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), stability, sensitivity, Mass measurement, Beamline, Neutrino
Abstract

The KArlsruhe TRItium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment, which aims to make a direct and model-independent determination of the absolute neutrino mass scale, is a complex experiment with many components. More than 15 years ago, we published a technical design report (TDR) [https://publikationen.bibliothek.kit.edu/270060419] to describe the hardware design and requirements to achieve our sensitivity goal of 0.2 eV at 90% C.L. on the neutrino mass. Since then there has been considerable progress, culminating in the publication of first neutrino mass results with the entire beamline operating [arXiv:1909.06048]. In this paper, we document the current state of all completed beamline components (as of the first neutrino mass measurement campaign), demonstrate our ability to reliably and stably control them over long times, and present details on their respective commissioning campaigns., Comment: Added missing acknowledgement, corrected performance statement in chapter 4.2.5, updated author list and references

Published
2021
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11. Bound on 3+1 Active-Sterile Neutrino Mixing from the First Four-Week Science Run of KATRIN

Author

K. Gauda, U. Besserer, R. Hiller, K. Eitel, Alejandro Saenz, Beate Bornschein, Sascha Wüstling, Sanshiro Enomoto, T. L. Le, C. Karl, W. Xu, S. Dyba, W. Q. Choi, T. Brunst, M. Schrank, L. La Cascio, L. Köllenberger, M. Slezák, Volker Hannen, S. Hickford, J. M. Lopez Poyato, Magnus Schlösser, L. Schimpf, T. Houdy, D. Hinz, N. Titov, A. Kovalík, A. Schaller, C. Weinheimer, Diana Parno, B. Schulz, L. Schlüter, T. Höhn, Y.-R. Yen, O. Rest, E. Ellinger, F. M. Fränkle, Ralph Engel, J. Wendel, J. F. Wilkerson, R. G. H. Robertson, K. Müller, P. Oelpmann, M. Steidl, B. Krasch, Alexey Lokhov, Thierry Lasserre, A. I. Berlev, L. Kippenbrock, R. Gumbsheimer, Thomas Thümmler, G. B. Franklin, D. Díaz Barrero, Guido Drexlin, P. J. Doe, M. Korzeczek, Susanne Mertens, Igor Tkachev, M. Aker, R. Grössle, K. Helbing, Kathrin Valerius, A. P. Vizcaya Hernández, A. Jansen, M. Ryšavý, Ferenc Glück, D. Hillesheimer, C. Weiss, C. Melzer, Lutz Bornschein, N. Haußmann, Daniel Siegmann, G. P. Zeller, M. Šefčík, R. Sack, E. Malcherek, E. L. Martin, Felix Spanier, K. Debowski, M. Mark, P. Schäfer, M. Descher, D. Vénos, B. Lehnert, N. Le Guennic, S. Zadoroghny, L. A. Thorne, K. Altenmüller, S. Niemes, Joachim Wolf, A. Marsteller, F. Friedel, K. Schlösser, M. Machatschek, C. Rodenbeck, M. Böttcher, O. Dragoun, J. Behrens, Florian Priester, Marc Weber, V. Sibille, Andreas Kopmann, J. Kellerer, A. Fulst, H. Krause, M. Sun, H. Seitz-Moskaliuk, Marco Röllig, C. Röttele, Stefan Welte, Suren Chilingaryan, Joseph A. Formaggio, Michael Sturm, A. Huber, H. H. Telle, B. Bieringer, A. Beglarian, A. Felden, N. Trost, Ondřej Lebeda, F. Edzards, Klaus Blaum, M. Deffert, M. Klein, W. Gil, M. Fedkevych, F. Block, A. Osipowicz, T. S. Caldwell, Alan Poon, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, KATRIN, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)

Subjects
Semileptonic decay, Sterile neutrino, neutrino: mass difference, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, anomaly, Spectral distortion, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], KATRIN, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Combinatorics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], ddc:530, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Mixing (physics), Physics, nucleus: semileptonic decay, gallium, electron: particle identification, tritium, neutrino: sterile: mass, State (functional analysis), ddc, Elementary Particles and Fields, spectral, neutrino: oscillation, nuclear reactor, Neutrino, Präzisionsexperimente - Abteilung Blaum, neutrino: mixing, experimental results
Abstract

We report on the light sterile neutrino search from the first four-week science run of the KATRIN experiment in~2019. Beta-decay electrons from a high-purity gaseous molecular tritium source are analyzed by a high-resolution MAC-E filter down to 40 eV below the endpoint at 18.57 keV. We consider the framework with three active neutrinos and one sterile neutrino of mass $m_{4}$. The analysis is sensitive to a fourth mass state $m^2_{4} \lesssim$ 1000 eV$^2$ and to active-to-sterile neutrino mixing down to $|U_{e4}|^2 \gtrsim 2\cdot10^{-2}$. No significant spectral distortion is observed and exclusion bounds on the sterile mass and mixing are reported. These new limits supersede the Mainz results and improve the Troitsk bound for $m^2_{4}, Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures

Published
2021
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12. Time-dependent simulation of the flow reduction of D2 and T2 in the KATRIN experiment

Author

C. Röttele, Guido Drexlin, A. Jansen, M. Steidl, L. Schimpf, F. Friedel, M. Hackenjos, Joachim Wolf, and Kathrin Valerius

Subjects
Tritium illumination, Materials science, Pumping speed, Spectrometer, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Orders of magnitude (temperature), Physics, Tritium, Condensed Matter Physics, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, TPMC simulation, Nuclear physics, Deuterium, Free molecular flow, Beamline, Physics::Plasma Physics, Cryogenic pump, KATRIN experiment, Physics::Accelerator Physics, ddc:530, Instrumentation, KATRIN
Abstract

The KArlsruhe TRItium Neutrino experiment (KATRIN) aims to measure the effective electron anti-neutrino mass with an unprecedented sensitivity of 0.2 eV/c2, using β -electrons from tritium decay. Superconducting magnets will guide the electrons through a vacuum beamline from the windowless gaseous tritium source through differential and cryogenic pumping sections to a high resolution spectrometer. At the same time tritium gas has to be prevented from entering the spectrometer. Therefore, the pumping sections have to reduce the tritium flow by at least 14 orders of magnitude. This paper describes various simulation methods in the molecular flow regime used to determine the expected gas flow reduction in the pumping sections for deuterium (commissioning runs) and for radioactive tritium. Simulations with MolFlow+ and with an analytical model are compared with each other, and with the stringent requirements of the KATRIN experiment.

Published
2019
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13. Suppression of Penning discharges between the KATRIN spectrometers

Author

D. Díaz Barrero, W. Seller, S. Zadoroghny, Sanshiro Enomoto, T. L. Le, Holger Neumann, Ondřej Lebeda, C. Rodenbeck, P. Rohr, B. Kuffner, N. Haußmann, S. Niemes, H. Bouquet, M. Aker, A. Menshikov, Bernhard Holzapfel, Klaus Blaum, Daniel Siegmann, H. Seitz-Moskaliuk, M. Deffert, M. Klein, Thomas Thümmler, G. P. Zeller, A. Marsteller, Reiner Vianden, F. Friedel, F. Block, Magnus Schlösser, F. Leven, Marco Röllig, C. Röttele, J. Heizmann, S. Dyba, M. Machatschek, Diana Parno, M. Steidl, J. Wendel, L. La Cascio, C. Melzer, N. Kernert, M. Korzeczek, A. Felden, H. Frankrone, K. Debowski, J. Hartmann, W. Q. Choi, U. Naumann, A. W. P. Poon, M. Descher, A. Osipowicz, Y.-R. Yen, O. Rest, Susanne Mertens, Steffen Grohmann, T. Houdy, D. Hinz, K. Gauda, A. Kovalík, N. Kunka, N. Titov, P. J. Doe, V. Sibille, Andreas Kopmann, D. Vénos, M. Schrank, W. Gil, U. Besserer, Alexey Lokhov, B. Lehnert, B. Krasch, S. Bobien, Kathrin Valerius, T. S. Caldwell, Thierry Lasserre, K. Schlösser, A. Jansen, R. G. H. Robertson, L. Schimpf, K. Altenmüller, E. L. Martin, A. Pollithy, Guido Drexlin, Ferenc Glück, M. Hackenjos, D. Hillesheimer, B. Schulz, Ralph Engel, N. Trost, C. Weiss, K. Müller, M. Steven, P. C.-O. Ranitzsch, T. Höhn, P. Schäfer, H.-W. Ortjohann, F. Heizmann, Sebastian Mirz, R. Sack, Ch. Weinheimer, J. F. Wilkerson, S. Lichter, Volker Hannen, L. A. Thorne, R. Grössle, A. P. Vizcaya Hernández, L. Köllenberger, Florian Priester, M. Ryšavý, L. Schlüter, Marc Weber, Ernst W. Otten, J. M. L. Poyato, M. Fedkevych, R. Rinderspacher, K. Helbing, L. Kippenbrock, R. Gumbsheimer, G. B. Franklin, Lutz Bornschein, Felix Spanier, Igor Tkachev, F. M. Fränkle, A. I. Berlev, Joseph A. Formaggio, Michael Sturm, Joachim Wolf, C. Köhler, J. Kellerer, A. Fulst, H. Krause, M. Sun, Benjamin Monreal, O. Dragoun, J. Behrens, E. Malcherek, Denis Tcherniakhovski, Alejandro Saenz, Beate Bornschein, Sascha Wüstling, W. Xu, Mathias Noe, T. Brunst, M. Slezák, S. Hickford, J. Letnev, M. Suesser, E. Ellinger, S. Holzmann, D. Eversheim, Stefan Welte, Suren Chilingaryan, H. H. Telle, A. Beglarian, K. Eitel, C. Karl, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Département de Physique des Particules (ex SPP) (DPhP), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, KATRIN, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de Physique des Particules (ex SPP) (DPP), UAM. Departamento de Química Física Aplicada, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)

Subjects
Speichertechnik - Abteilung Blaum, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Penning trap, FOS: Physical sciences, lcsh:Astrophysics, Superconducting magnet, Electron, Tritium, KATRIN, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, 0103 physical sciences, lcsh:QB460-466, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, Electron Capture, ddc:530, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Engineering (miscellaneous), Physics, Spectrometer, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Química, magnet: superconductivity, spectrometer: electrostatic, Beamline, Beta (plasma physics), electron: background, lcsh:QC770-798, Neutrino, Neutrino Mass
Abstract

The KArlsruhe TRItium Neutrino experiment (KATRIN) aims to determine the effective electron (anti)neutrino mass with a sensitivity of $0.2\textrm{ eV/c}^2$ (90$\%$ C.L.) by precisely measuring the endpoint region of the tritium $\beta$-decay spectrum. It uses a tandem of electrostatic spectrometers working as MAC-E (magnetic adiabatic collimation combined with an electrostatic) filters. In the space between the pre-spectrometer and the main spectrometer, an unavoidable Penning trap is created when the superconducting magnet between the two spectrometers, biased at their respective nominal potentials, is energized. The electrons accumulated in this trap can lead to discharges, which create additional background electrons and endanger the spectrometer and detector section downstream. To counteract this problem, "electron catchers" were installed in the beamline inside the magnet bore between the two spectrometers. These catchers can be moved across the magnetic-flux tube and intercept on a sub-ms time scale the stored electrons along their magnetron motion paths. In this paper, we report on the design and the successful commissioning of the electron catchers and present results on their efficiency in reducing the experimental background., Comment: - 12 pages, 14 figures, LaTeX; typos corrected, references added; precised a few arguments, added additional discussions, results unchanged

Published
2020
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14. First operation of the KATRIN experiment with tritium

Author

Kathrin Valerius, B. Lehnert, Pablo I. Morales Guzmán, Felix Spanier, J. F. Wilkerson, A. Off, Fotios Megas, C. Weiss, B. Schulz, Manuel Lebert, R. Grössle, Ralph Engel, K. Müller, N. Kernert, L. Kippenbrock, R. Gumbsheimer, K. Helbing, A. Huber, Martin Ha-Minh, Weiran Xu, Siegfried Holzmann, G. B. Franklin, Johann Letnev, L. Köllenberger, Marius Arenz, F. M. Fränkle, M. Steidl, E. L. Martin, M. A. Howe, M. Schrank, P. J. Doe, A. Kovalík, S. Dyba, K. Debowski, F. Edzards, N. Trost, Deseada D. Díaz Barrero, Reiner Vianden, M. Descher, M. Hackenjos, L. Schimpf, Miloš Ryšavý, Norbert Kunka, Thomas Thümmler, D. Fuchs, Heinz Frankrone, A. Jansen, M. Aker, P. Schäfer, W. Q. Choi, Heiko Bouquet, K. Eitel, Fabian Leven, C. Rodenbeck, F. Heizmann, L. Schlüter, Y.-R. Yen, K. Urban, B. Krasch, Thierry Lasserre, O. Rest, L. A. Thorne, Ferenc Glück, D. Hillesheimer, T. Houdy, D. Hinz, Sebastian Mirz, M. Fedkevych, Klaus Blaum, M. Deffert, N. Titov, Rolf Rinderspacher, John E. Barrett, Guido Drexlin, M. Korzeczek, Anna Pollithy, Susanne Mertens, M. Klein, Holger Neumann, A. Osipowicz, Sanshiro Enomoto, R. Sack, Magnus Schlösser, C. Melzer, Alexey Lokhov, T. L. Le, Benedikt Kuffner, Bernhard Holzapfel, Petra Rohr, K. Gauda, A. Felden, N. Haußmann, U. Besserer, G. P. Zeller, V. Sibille, Andreas Kopmann, Drahoslav Vénos, P. C.-O. Ranitzsch, Christian Weinheimer, Daniel Siegmann, Diana Parno, C. Karl, J. Manuel Lopez Poyato, A. I. Berlev, Steffen Bobien, Luisa La Cascio, Ernst W. Otten, K. Schlösser, K. Altenmüller, Igor Tkachev, J. Wendel, Johannes Heizmann, Lutz Bornschein, Martin Mark, Uwe Naumann, Steffen Grohmann, Joseph A. Formaggio, Michael Sturm, S. V. Zadorozhny, Julius Hartmann, Florian Priester, Marc Weber, Volker Hannen, Manfred Suesser, H. Seitz-Moskaliuk, Marco Röllig, C. Röttele, T. Höhn, A. Beglarian, Ondřej Lebeda, Matthias Meier, Stefan Welte, Alejandro Saenz, Suren Chilingaryan, Beate Bornschein, Madlen Steven, Sascha Wüstling, H. H. Telle, S. Niemes, A. Marsteller, F. Friedel, Mathias Noe, M. Machatschek, Steffen Lichter, Thomas S. Caldwell, T. Brunst, M. Slezák, S. Hickford, Ana P. Vizcaya Hernández, E. Ellinger, D. Eversheim, E. Malcherek, Denis Tcherniakhovski, R. G. Hamish Robertson, Woo-Jeong Baek, J. Kellerer, A. Fulst, H. Krause, M. Sun, Benjamin Monreal, O. Dragoun, J. Behrens, Waldemar Seller, Joachim Wolf, C. Köhler, A. Menshikov, W. Gil, H.-W. Ortjohann, F. Block, A. W. P. Poon, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, KATRIN, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), UAM. Departamento de Química Física Aplicada, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, FOS: Physical sciences, lcsh:Astrophysics, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Tritium, KATRIN, 01 natural sciences, antineutrino/e: mass, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), lcsh:QB460-466, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, Mass scale, ddc:530, Electron Capture, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Engineering (miscellaneous), Nuclear Experiment, Astroparticle physics, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, tritium, Química, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), sensitivity, ddc, lcsh:QC770-798, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino, Präzisionsexperimente - Abteilung Blaum, Neutrino Mass, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Electron neutrino, performance, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, experimental results
Abstract

The determination of the neutrino mass is one of the major challenges in astroparticle physics today. Direct neutrino mass experiments, based solely on the kinematics of $$\upbeta $$β-decay, provide a largely model-independent probe to the neutrino mass scale. The Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment is designed to directly measure the effective electron antineutrino mass with a sensitivity of $$0.2\hbox { eV}$$0.2eV ($$90\%$$90% CL). In this work we report on the first operation of KATRIN with tritium which took place in 2018. During this commissioning phase of the tritium circulation system, excellent agreement of the theoretical prediction with the recorded spectra was found and stable conditions over a time period of 13 days could be established. These results are an essential prerequisite for the subsequent neutrino mass measurements with KATRIN in 2019.

Published
2019
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15. High-resolution spectroscopy of gaseous $^\mathrm{83m}$Kr conversion electrons with the KATRIN experiment

Author

A. Off, N. Haußmann, Ralph Engel, M. Schrank, A. Huber, N. Titov, S. Bobien, L. Schimpf, M. Suesser, V. Sibille, Andreas Kopmann, E. L. Martin, Reiner Vianden, Helmut H. Telle, T. Bergmann, S. Dyba, M. Korzeczek, F. Roccati, M. A. Howe, W. Q. Choi, Susanne Mertens, M. Fedkevych, M. Ryšavý, D. Eversheim, Stefan Welte, Suren Chilingaryan, K. Schlösser, F. Edzards, B. Krasch, N. Trost, S. Zadoroghny, M. Hackenjos, Marcus Beck, O. Rest, K. Schönung, A. Pollithy, M. Suchopar, Thierry Lasserre, P. C-O Ranitzsch, F. M. Fränkle, A. I. Berlev, W.-J. Baek, J. Sentkerestiová, S. Hickford, R. Grössle, K. Helbing, Matthias Arenz, F. Heizmann, Lutz Bornschein, Magnus Schlösser, Klaus Blaum, M. Deffert, Guido Drexlin, Alexey Lokhov, Sanshiro Enomoto, C. Rodenbeck, M. Klein, N. Buzinsky, D. Hilk, Ondřej Lebeda, Sebastian Mirz, J. F. Wilkerson, Diana Parno, M. Steidl, Florian Priester, J. Letnev, Igor Tkachev, E. Ellinger, L. Kippenbrock, A. Kovalík, Kathrin Valerius, J. Wendel, Marc Weber, M. Kraus, Joachim Wolf, R. Gumbsheimer, G. B. Franklin, Steffen Grohmann, K. Eitel, W. Gil, R. G. H. Robertson, Joseph A. Formaggio, H. Seitz-Moskaliuk, Michael Sturm, T. Brunst, D. Hinz, T. Bode, D. Vénos, M. Slezák, Thomas Thümmler, Alejandro Saenz, Marco Röllig, C. Röttele, Beate Bornschein, Sascha Wüstling, A. González Ureña, U. Besserer, J. Kellerer, F. Block, P. Plischke, A. Beglarian, A. Fulst, A. W. P. Poon, A. Osipowicz, Benjamin Monreal, Holger Neumann, Ernst W. Otten, O. Dragoun, J. Behrens, K. Altenmüller, R. Sack, Ch. Weinheimer, N. Kernert, N. Steinbrink, S. Niemes, G. P. Zeller, A. Marsteller, F. Friedel, L. A. Thorne, M. Machatschek, F. Harms, A. P. Vizcaya Hernández, Volker Hannen, P. J. Doe, A. Jansen, Ferenc Glück, D. Hillesheimer, Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Speichertechnik - Abteilung Blaum, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Resolution (mass spectrometry), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, energy resolution, FOS: Physical sciences, Electron, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], KATRIN, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Atomic, neutrino mass, Nuclear physics, Particle and Plasma Physics, conversion electrons, Metastability, 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear, ddc:530, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Spectroscopy, Nuclear Experiment, Physics, Spectrometer, electrostatic spectrometer, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, krypton: decay, Molecular, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), krypton: nuclide, 530 Physik, calibration, Nuclear & Particles Physics, ddc, 3. Good health, Beamline, electron: energy spectrum, Neutrino, performance
Abstract

In this work, we present the first spectroscopic measurements of conversion electrons originating from the decay of metastable gaseous $^\mathrm{83m}$Kr with the Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment. The results obtained in this calibration measurement represent a major commissioning milestone for the upcoming direct neutrino mass measurement with KATRIN. The successful campaign demonstrates the functionalities of the full KATRIN beamline. The KATRIN main spectrometer's excellent energy resolution of ~ 1 eV made it possible to determine the narrow K-32 and L$_3$-32 conversion electron line widths with an unprecedented precision of ~ 1 %., Fixed affiliation of the corresponding author

Published
2019
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16. First transmission of electrons and ions through the KATRIN beamline

Author

A. Pollithy, M. Steidl, Ch. Weinheimer, Alejandro Saenz, Beate Bornschein, Sascha Wüstling, K. Schlösser, Volker Hannen, Stefan Welte, D. Hilk, Suren Chilingaryan, N. Kernert, S. Hickford, A. I. Berlev, W.-J. Baek, Ralph Engel, Marcus Beck, M. Kleesiek, A. Off, O. Rest, C. Rodenbeck, A. Beglarian, T. Bode, M. Suchopar, W. Herz, Kathrin Valerius, Magnus Schlösser, Florian Priester, Ernst W. Otten, R. Sack, Diana Parno, L. Kippenbrock, Helmut H. Telle, Matthias Arenz, Marc Weber, A. W. P. Poon, Joseph A. Formaggio, J. Wendel, W. Q. Choi, T. Brunst, N. Steinbrink, Ondřej Lebeda, S. Zadoroghny, J. Sentkerestiová, Steffen Grohmann, M. Erhard, L. Kuckert, C. Weiss, S. Niemes, P. J. Doe, S. Fischer, D. Vénos, A. Marsteller, J. Letnev, E. Ellinger, B. Krasch, M. Kraus, Thierry Lasserre, Andreas Kopmann, F. Friedel, M. Machatschek, F. Harms, Sanshiro Enomoto, A. Kovalík, L. Bornschein, A. Jansen, K. Eitel, R. G. H. Robertson, Ferenc Glück, T. Thümmler, D. Hillesheimer, Guido Drexlin, M. Fedkevych, N. Trost, U. Besserer, A. P. Vizcaya Hernández, W. Gil, M. Suesser, M. Slezák, K. Helbing, F. Edzards, A. González Ureña, L. A. Thorne, N. Titov, D. Eversheim, R. Grössle, H.-W. Ortjohann, V. Sibille, H. Seitz-Moskaliuk, J. F. Wilkerson, Marco Röllig, C. Röttele, K. Schönung, Holger Neumann, R. Gumbsheimer, G. B. Franklin, M. A. Howe, M. Schrank, J. Behrens, L. Schimpf, N. Buzinsky, T. Bergmann, Klaus Blaum, M. Deffert, M. Klein, F. Roccati, M. Ryšavý, M. Hackenjos, F. Heizmann, Sebastian Mirz, A. Osipowicz, E. L. Martin, Reiner Vianden, P. C.-O. Ranitzsch, Benjamin Monreal, F. M. Fränkle, M. Korzeczek, O. Dragoun, Susanne Mertens, N. Haußmann, A. Huber, Igor Tkachev, J. Kellerer, A. Fulst, U. Naumann, Michael Sturm, Joachim Wolf, S. Dyba, Alexey Lokhov, Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, KATRIN, Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers ( IRFU ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Buzinsky, Nicholas Gregory, and Formaggio, Joseph A

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Ion beam, FOS: Physical sciences, beam transport, ion: beam, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], KATRIN, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Ion, Nuclear physics, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), [ PHYS.NEXP ] Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], electron: beam, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation, [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Nuclear Experiment, Mathematical Physics, activity report, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, photoelectron: emission, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Photoelectric effect, stability, sensitivity, Ion source, ddc, Beamline, Cathode ray, Neutrino, performance
Abstract

The Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment is a large-scale effort to probe the absolute neutrino mass scale with a sensitivity of 0.2 eV (90% confidence level), via a precise measurement of the endpoint spectrum of tritium β-decay. This work documents several KATRIN commissioning milestones: the complete assembly of the experimental beamline, the successful transmission of electrons from three sources through the beamline to the primary detector, and tests of ion transport and retention. In the First Light commissioning campaign of autumn 2016, photoelectrons were generated at the rear wall and ions were created by a dedicated ion source attached to the rear section; in July 2017, gaseous83mKr was injected into the KATRIN source section, and a condensed83mKr source was deployed in the transport section. In this paper we describe the technical details of the apparatus and the configuration for each measurement, and give first results on source and system performance. We have successfully achieved transmission from all four sources, established system stability, and characterized many aspects of the apparatus., United States. Department of Energy (Grant DEFG02-97ER41020), United States. Department of Energy (Grant DE-FG02-94ER40818), United States. Department of Energy (Grant DE-SC0004036), United States. Department of Energy (Grant DE-FG02-97ER41033), United States. Department of Energy (Grant DE-FG02- 97ER41041), United States. Department of Energy (Grant DE-AC02-05CH11231), United States. Department of Energy (Grant DE-SC0011091)

Published
2018
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17. Reduction of stored-particle background by a magnetic pulse method at the KATRIN experiment

Author

A. Kovalík, R. G. H. Robertson, R. Grössle, K. Helbing, S. Hickford, F. Edzards, Stefan Welte, M. Steidl, Suren Chilingaryan, Alejandro Saenz, V. Sibille, Andreas Kopmann, A. P. Vizcaya Hernández, D. Furse, D. Vénos, D. Hilk, K. Schlösser, Benjamin Monreal, L. Kuckert, N. Titov, U. Besserer, Kathrin Valerius, O. Dragoun, M. Kleesiek, M. Suchopar, Beate Bornschein, Sascha Wüstling, J. F. Wilkerson, J. Behrens, Ralph Engel, C. Weiss, Klaus Blaum, M. Deffert, K. Eitel, L. Kippenbrock, R. Gumbsheimer, B. Krasch, M. Erhard, J. Sentkerestiová, M. Klein, P. C.-O. Ranitzsch, F. Roccati, Thierry Lasserre, M. Ryšavý, T. Bergmann, G. B. Franklin, A. Beglarian, Holger Neumann, Guido Drexlin, J. Letnev, Helmut H. Telle, A. I. Berlev, E. Ellinger, S. Zadoroghny, W.-J. Baek, Ernst W. Otten, W. Q. Choi, N. Buzinsky, N. Haußmann, Marcus Beck, M. A. Howe, N. Steinbrink, Ondřej Lebeda, K. Schönung, S. Niemes, A. Osipowicz, Florian Priester, F. M. Fränkle, Joachim Wolf, T. Brunst, Marc Weber, M. Slezák, W. Gil, Sanshiro Enomoto, A. Marsteller, F. Friedel, M. Schrank, M. Kraus, M. Machatschek, F. Harms, J. Kellerer, L. Schimpf, S. Bauer, H. Seitz-Moskaliuk, Thomas Thümmler, Volker Hannen, A. Fulst, Marco Röllig, C. Röttele, D. Eversheim, N. Wandkowsky, A. González Ureña, T. Bode, R. Berendes, E. L. Martin, Magnus Schlösser, Reiner Vianden, Diana Parno, J. Wendel, M. Korzeczek, Susanne Mertens, Steffen Grohmann, A. Pollithy, P. J. Doe, Lutz Bornschein, W. Herz, A. Jansen, Ferenc Glück, M. Arenz, W. Buglak, A. Off, M. Hackenjos, R. Sack, Ch. Weinheimer, F. Heizmann, Sebastian Mirz, N. Trost, Alan Poon, M. Fedkevych, N. Kernert, A. Huber, S. Dyba, L. A. Thorne, O. Rest, Alexey Lokhov, Igor Tkachev, Joseph A. Formaggio, Michael Sturm, C. Rodenbeck, Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, KATRIN, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Buzinsky, Nicholas Gregory, Formaggio, Joseph A, Furse, Daniel Lawrence, and Sibille, Valerian

Subjects
Speichertechnik - Abteilung Blaum, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Field (physics), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, FOS: Physical sciences, lcsh:Astrophysics, Electron, KATRIN, 01 natural sciences, radon: nuclide, Neutrino mass, 0103 physical sciences, lcsh:QB460-466, coil, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, ddc:530, Sensitivity (control systems), [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, numerical calculations, Engineering (miscellaneous), background: radioactivity, background: suppression, Physics, Spectrometer, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Order (ring theory), Monte Carlo methods, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Radon background, Pulse (physics), 13. Climate action, Background reduction methods, Partículas, lcsh:QC770-798, spectrometer, Atomic physics, Electricidad, Electron neutrino
Abstract

Arenz, M., et al. “Reduction of Stored-Particle Background by a Magnetic Pulse Method at the KATRIN Experiment.” The European Physical Journal C, vol. 78, no. 9, Sept. 2018. © 2018 The Authors, United States. Department of Energy (DE-FG02-97ER41020), United States. Department of Energy (DE-FG02-94ER40818), United States. Department of Energy (DE-SC0004036), United States. Department of Energy (DE-FG02-97ER41033), United States. Department of Energy (DE-FG02-97ER41041), United States. Department of Energy (DEAC02-05CH11231), United States. Department of Energy (DE-SC0011091)

Published
2018
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18. Calibration of high voltages at the ppm level by the difference of $^{83\mathrm{m}}$Kr conversion electron lines at the KATRIN experiment

Author

P. J. Doe, A. Jansen, Ferenc Glück, D. Hillesheimer, F. M. Fränkle, A. Pollithy, M. Kleesiek, M. Suesser, Magnus Schlösser, M. Suchopar, Matthias Arenz, L. Kuckert, N. Trost, W. Herz, Ondřej Lebeda, K. Eitel, Diana Parno, J. Wendel, Steffen Grohmann, M. Kraus, N. Buzinsky, A. I. Berlev, W.-J. Baek, Joachim Wolf, N. Titov, A. Off, M. Erhard, Christian Weinheimer, L. A. Thorne, M. Fedkevych, A. Osipowicz, D. Eversheim, V. Sibille, Andreas Kopmann, J. Kellerer, T. Bode, F. Roccati, M. Ryšavý, B. Krasch, A. Fulst, Thierry Lasserre, U. Besserer, Marcus Beck, Guido Drexlin, Benjamin Monreal, O. Dragoun, P. C.-O. Ranitzsch, M. A. Howe, M. Schrank, M. Hackenjos, E. L. Martin, N. Haußmann, J. Behrens, Thomas Thümmler, L. Schimpf, Ernst W. Otten, Igor Tkachev, F. Heizmann, Sebastian Mirz, Joseph A. Formaggio, A. González Ureña, Reiner Vianden, D. Hilk, S. Hickford, H. Seitz-Moskaliuk, Kathrin Valerius, M. Korzeczek, M. Steidl, J. F. Wilkerson, J. Sentkerestiová, Michael Sturm, Susanne Mertens, Marco Röllig, C. Röttele, K. Schlösser, A. W. P. Poon, C. Weiss, T. Bergmann, K. Schönung, R. Gumbsheimer, J. Letnev, G. B. Franklin, E. Ellinger, W. Gil, Alejandro Saenz, Klaus Blaum, M. Deffert, S. Zadoroghny, Lutz Bornschein, Beate Bornschein, Sascha Wüstling, A. Huber, A. Beglarian, M. Klein, Florian Priester, Marc Weber, S. Dyba, R. Sack, M. Slezák, Alexey Lokhov, Stefan Welte, Suren Chilingaryan, N. Kernert, Holger Neumann, D. Vénos, Sanshiro Enomoto, Volker Hannen, Helmut H. Telle, W. Q. Choi, Ralph Engel, O. Rest, A. P. Vizcaya Hernández, N. Steinbrink, S. Niemes, A. Marsteller, F. Friedel, M. Machatschek, F. Harms, L. Kippenbrock, C. Rodenbeck, A. Kovalík, T. Brunst, S. Fischer, R. G. H. Robertson, F. Edzards, R. Grössle, K. Helbing, Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers ( IRFU ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Buzinsky, Nicholas Gregory, Formaggio, Joseph A, and Sibille, Valerian

Subjects
Speichertechnik - Abteilung Blaum, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), FOS: Physical sciences, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, 0103 physical sciences, Calibration, ddc:530, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, Engineering (miscellaneous), [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Physics, Teoría de los quanta, Spectrometer, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Voltage divider, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Metrology, Neutrino, Energy (signal processing), Voltage, KATRIN
Abstract

The neutrino mass experiment KATRIN requires a stability of 3 ppm for the retarding potential at − 18.6 kV of the main spectrometer. To monitor the stability, two custom-made ultra-precise high-voltage dividers were developed and built in cooperation with the German national metrology institute Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB). Until now, regular absolute calibration of the voltage dividers required bringing the equipment to the specialised metrology laboratory. Here we present a new method based on measuring the energy difference of two [superscript 83m]Kr conversion electron lines with the KATRIN setup, which was demonstrated during KATRIN’s commissioning measurements in July 2017. The measured scale factor M = 1972.449(10) of the high-voltage divider K35 is in agreement with the last PTB calibration 4 years ago. This result demonstrates the utility of the calibration method, as well as the long-term stability of the voltage divider., United States. Department of Energy (Grant DEFG02- 97ER41020), United States. Department of Energy (Grant DE-FG02-94ER40818), United States. Department of Energy (Grant DE-SC0004036), United States. Department of Energy (Grant DEFG02-97ER 41033), United States. Department of Energy (Grant DE-FG02-97ER41041), United States. Department of Energy (Grant DE-AC02-05CH11231), United States. Department of Energy (Grant DE-SC00 11091)

Published
2018
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19. A new approach to characterize substrate losses of on-chip inductors

Author

D. Proetel, L. Schimpf, and B. Benna

Subjects
Substrate (building), Materials science, Parasitic capacitance, law, Electronic engineering, Equivalent circuit, Skin effect, Integrated circuit packaging, Resistor, Inductor, Admittance parameters, law.invention
Abstract

A new approach to characterize substrate losses of on-chip inductors is presented, that attributes the losses to a frequency dependence of the series resistor R/sub S/ of the equivalent circuit. The technique to extract R/sub S/(f) from y-parameters is described in detail. To demonstrate the important role of deembedding for accurate parameter extraction, several deembedding procedures are depicted and compared. As an example, results of a 5-turn inductor are discussed.

Published
2002
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20. Association and vapor pressure isotope effect of variously deuterated methanols in n-hexane

Author

Heiner Landeck, O. Schiller, O. Bauer, L. Schimpf, R. Goetz, and Hans Wolff

Subjects
Activity coefficient, Chemistry, Vapor pressure, Binding energy, Enthalpy, General Engineering, Mole fraction, Gibbs free energy, symbols.namesake, Deuterium, Kinetic isotope effect, symbols, Physical chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Abstract

Activity coefficients have been determined for solutions of CH$sub 3$OH, CH$sub 3$OD, CD$sub 3$OH, and CD$sub 3$OD in n-hexane between 35 and 75$sup 0$C from isothermal vapor pressure measurements. Using Wilson's equations for representing the activity coefficients, curves for the partial pressure ratios of the deuterioisomeric methanols do not show oscillating behavior as they do when using the Redlich--Kister type representation. In each case, Wilson's parameters, association constants, association energies, heats of vaporization, and excess Gibbs free energies suggest that the energy of the deuterium bond of the methanols is larger than that of their hydrogen bond. An association energy of about 5 kcal/mole is derived using Wilson's representation, while the value of 6 to 7 kcal/mole derived from the Redlich--Kister representation is too large. The ratios p(CD$sub 3$OH)/p(CH$sub 3$OH) and p(CD$sub 3$OD)/p(CH$sub 3$OD) are inverse (greater than 1) in the whole concentration range, whereas p(CH$sub 3$OD)/ p(CH$sub 3$OH) and p(CD$sub 3$OD)/p(CD$sub 3$OH) changes from normal (less than 1) to inverse as the mole fraction goes to zero. Previous measurements on methylamines showed a similar behavior, except that the inversion point (p/p' = 1) occurs at a higher mole fraction. The pronounced difference is due to the weaker hydrogen bondingmore » of the amino group compared to the hydroxyl group. (auth)« less

Published
1976
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21. The Influence of the Polysaccharide Carrageenin on the Clotting Mechanism of the Blood in the Rabbit in Vitro and in Vivo

Author

J Lenhard, G Schaaf, and K L Schimpf

Subjects
Clotting factor, chemistry.chemical_classification, biology, Chemistry, Antithrombin, Hematology, Pharmacology, Polysaccharide, In vitro, Fibrin, Thrombin, Biochemistry, In vivo, hemic and lymphatic diseases, medicine, biology.protein, Thromboplastin, circulatory and respiratory physiology, medicine.drug
Abstract

SummaryCarrageenin is not an antithrombin. It inhibits fibrin aggregation or polymerisation. The inactivation of thrombin by antithrombin and of blood thromboplastin by anti blood thromboplastin is neither accelerated nor retarded. In the presence of Carrageenin the clotting times of tests in which the fibrinpolymerisation phase is involved are lengthened; this simulates a decrease in clotting factors. In vivo Carrageenin, despite its coagulation-inhibitory properties, is not able to reverse the consumption reaction which it has initiated.

Published
1969
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22. Free amino acid composition of scyphozoan polyps of Aurelia aurita, Chrysaora quinquecirrha and Cyanea capillata at various salinites

Author

Kenneth L. Webb, Janet Olmon, and Ann L. Schimpf

Subjects
education.field_of_study, biology, Physiology, Ecology, Population, Zoology, General Medicine, Cyanea (jellyfish), Scyphozoa, biology.organism_classification, Biochemistry, Chrysaora quinquecirrha, Chrysaora, Aurelia aurita, Cnidocyte, education, Molecular Biology, Coelenterata
Abstract

1. 1. Glycine was the most concentrated free amino acid (FAA) in polyps of Aurelia and Chrysaora . 2. 2. Total FAA concentrations were linearly related to salinity in polyps starved for 48 hr. 3. 3. FAA data from field Chrysaora polyps indicate that quality and quantity of food and elapsed time since feeding greatly alter the FAA pools. 4. 4. Aurelia aurita from Chesapeake Bay seem to make up a distinct population from A. aurita of the Woods Hole, Massachusetts region.

Published
1972
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25. New Constraint on the Local Relic Neutrino Background Overdensity with the First KATRIN Data Runs.

Author

Aker M, Batzler D, Beglarian A, Behrens J, Berlev A, Besserer U, Bieringer B, Block F, Bobien S, Bornschein B, Bornschein L, Böttcher M, Brunst T, Caldwell TS, Carney RMD, Chilingaryan S, Choi W, Debowski K, Descher M, Díaz Barrero D, Doe PJ, Dragoun O, Drexlin G, Edzards F, Eitel K, Ellinger E, Engel R, Enomoto S, Felden A, Formaggio JA, Fränkle FM, Franklin GB, Friedel F, Fulst A, Gauda K, Gavin AS, Gil W, Glück F, Grössle R, Gumbsheimer R, Hannen V, Haußmann N, Helbing K, Hickford S, Hiller R, Hillesheimer D, Hinz D, Höhn T, Houdy T, Huber A, Jansen A, Karl C, Kellerer F, Kellerer J, Kleifges M, Klein M, Köhler C, Köllenberger L, Kopmann A, Korzeczek M, Kovalík A, Krasch B, Krause H, La Cascio L, Lasserre T, Le TL, Lebeda O, Lehnert B, Lokhov A, Machatschek M, Malcherek E, Mark M, Marsteller A, Martin EL, Melzer C, Mertens S, Mostafa J, Müller K, Neumann H, Niemes S, Oelpmann P, Parno DS, Poon AWP, Poyato JML, Priester F, Ráliš J, Ramachandran S, Robertson RGH, Rodejohann W, Rodenbeck C, Röllig M, Röttele C, Ryšavý M, Sack R, Saenz A, Salomon R, Schäfer P, Schimpf L, Schlösser M, Schlösser K, Schlüter L, Schneidewind S, Schrank M, Schwemmer A, Šefčík M, Sibille V, Siegmann D, Slezák M, Spanier F, Steidl M, Sturm M, Telle HH, Thorne LA, Thümmler T, Titov N, Tkachev I, Urban K, Valerius K, Vénos D, Vizcaya Hernández AP, Weinheimer C, Welte S, Wendel J, Wiesinger C, Wilkerson JF, Wolf J, Wüstling S, Wydra J, Xu W, Zadoroghny S, and Zeller G

Abstract

We report on the direct search for cosmic relic neutrinos using data acquired during the first two science campaigns of the KATRIN experiment in 2019. Beta-decay electrons from a high-purity molecular tritium gas source are analyzed by a high-resolution MAC-E filter around the end point at 18.57 keV. The analysis is sensitive to a local relic neutrino overdensity ratio of η<9.7×10^{10}/α (1.1×10^{11}/α) at a 90% (95%) confidence level with α=1 (0.5) for Majorana (Dirac) neutrinos. A fit of the integrated electron spectrum over a narrow interval around the end point accounting for relic neutrino captures in the tritium source reveals no significant overdensity. This work improves the results obtained by the previous neutrino mass experiments at Los Alamos and Troitsk. We furthermore update the projected final sensitivity of the KATRIN experiment to η<1×10^{10}/α at 90% confidence level, by relying on updated operational conditions.

Published
2022
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26. Bound on 3+1 Active-Sterile Neutrino Mixing from the First Four-Week Science Run of KATRIN.

Author

Aker M, Altenmüller K, Beglarian A, Behrens J, Berlev A, Besserer U, Bieringer B, Blaum K, Block F, Bornschein B, Bornschein L, Böttcher M, Brunst T, Caldwell TS, La Cascio L, Chilingaryan S, Choi W, Díaz Barrero D, Debowski K, Deffert M, Descher M, Doe PJ, Dragoun O, Drexlin G, Dyba S, Edzards F, Eitel K, Ellinger E, Engel R, Enomoto S, Fedkevych M, Felden A, Formaggio JA, Fränkle FM, Franklin GB, Friedel F, Fulst A, Gauda K, Gil W, Glück F, Grössle R, Gumbsheimer R, Höhn T, Hannen V, Haußmann N, Helbing K, Hickford S, Hiller R, Hillesheimer D, Hinz D, Houdy T, Huber A, Jansen A, Köllenberger L, Karl C, Kellerer J, Kippenbrock L, Klein M, Kopmann A, Korzeczek M, Kovalík A, Krasch B, Krause H, Lasserre T, Le TL, Lebeda O, Le Guennic N, Lehnert B, Lokhov A, Lopez Poyato JM, Müller K, Machatschek M, Malcherek E, Mark M, Marsteller A, Martin EL, Melzer C, Mertens S, Niemes S, Oelpmann P, Osipowicz A, Parno DS, Poon AWP, Priester F, Röllig M, Röttele C, Rest O, Robertson RGH, Rodenbeck C, Ryšavý M, Sack R, Saenz A, Schaller A, Schäfer P, Schimpf L, Schlösser M, Schlösser K, Schlüter L, Schrank M, Schulz B, Šefčík M, Seitz-Moskaliuk H, Sibille V, Siegmann D, Slezák M, Spanier F, Steidl M, Sturm M, Sun M, Telle HH, Thümmler T, Thorne LA, Titov N, Tkachev I, Trost N, Vénos D, Valerius K, Vizcaya Hernández AP, Wüstling S, Weber M, Weinheimer C, Weiss C, Welte S, Wendel J, Wilkerson JF, Wolf J, Xu W, Yen YR, Zadoroghny S, and Zeller G

Abstract

We report on the light sterile neutrino search from the first four-week science run of the KATRIN experiment in 2019. Beta-decay electrons from a high-purity gaseous molecular tritium source are analyzed by a high-resolution MAC-E filter down to 40 eV below the endpoint at 18.57 keV. We consider the framework with three active neutrinos and one sterile neutrino. The analysis is sensitive to the mass, m&#95;{4}, of the fourth mass state for m&#95;{4}^{2}≲1000  eV^{2} and to active-to-sterile neutrino mixing down to |U&#95;{e4}|^{2}≳2×10^{-2}. No significant spectral distortion is observed and exclusion bounds on the sterile mass and mixing are reported. These new limits supersede the Mainz results for m&#95;{4}^{2}≲1000  eV^{2} and improve the Troitsk bound for m&#95;{4}^{2}<30  eV^{2}. The reactor and gallium anomalies are constrained for 100<Δm&#95;{41}^{2}<1000  eV^{2}.

Published
2021
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27. Quantitative Long-Term Monitoring of the Circulating Gases in the KATRIN Experiment Using Raman Spectroscopy.

Author

Aker M, Altenmüller K, Beglarian A, Behrens J, Berlev A, Besserer U, Bieringer B, Blaum K, Block F, Bornschein B, Bornschein L, Böttcher M, Brunst T, Caldwell TC, Chilingaryan S, Choi W, Díaz Barrero DD, Debowski K, Deffert M, Descher M, Doe PJ, Dragoun O, Drexlin G, Dyba S, Edzards F, Eitel K, Ellinger E, Engel R, Enomoto S, Fedkevych M, Felden A, Formaggio JF, Fränkle F, Franklin GB, Friedel F, Fulst A, Gauda K, Gil W, Glück F, Größle R, Gumbsheimer R, Hannen V, Haußmann N, Helbing K, Hickford S, Hiller R, Hillesheimer D, Hinz D, Höhn T, Houdy T, Huber A, Jansen A, Karl C, Kellerer J, Kippenbrock L, Klein M, Köhler C, Köllenberger L, Kopmann A, Korzeczek M, Kovalík A, Krasch B, Krause H, La Cascio L, Lasserre T, Le TL, Lebeda O, Lehnert B, Lokhov A, Machatschek M, Malcherek E, Marsteller A, Martin EL, Meier M, Melzer C, Mertens S, Müller K, Niemes S, Oelpmann P, Osipowicz A, Parno DS, Poon AWP, Lopez Poyato JM, Priester F, Rest O, Röllig M, Röttele C, Robertson RGH, Rodenbeck C, Ryšavỳ M, Sack R, Saenz A, Schäfer P, Schaller Née Pollithy A, Schimpf L, Schlösser K, Schlösser M, Schlüter L, Schrank M, Schulz B, Sefčík M, Seitz-Moskaliuk H, Sibille V, Siegmann D, Slezák M, Spanier F, Steidl M, Sturm M, Sun M, Telle HH, Thorne LA, Thümmler T, Titov N, Tkachev I, Vénos D, Valerius K, Vizcaya Hernández AP, Weber M, Weinheimer C, Weiss C, Welte S, Wendel J, Wilkerson JF, Wolf J, Wüstling S, Xu W, Yen YR, Zadoroghny S, and Zeller G

Abstract

The Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment aims at measuring the effective electron neutrino mass with a sensitivity of 0.2 eV/c 2 , i.e., improving on previous measurements by an order of magnitude. Neutrino mass data taking with KATRIN commenced in early 2019, and after only a few weeks of data recording, analysis of these data showed the success of KATRIN, improving on the known neutrino mass limit by a factor of about two. This success very much could be ascribed to the fact that most of the system components met, or even surpassed, the required specifications during long-term operation. Here, we report on the performance of the laser Raman (LARA) monitoring system which provides continuous high-precision information on the gas composition injected into the experiment's windowless gaseous tritium source (WGTS), specifically on its isotopic purity of tritium-one of the key parameters required in the derivation of the electron neutrino mass. The concentrations c x for all six hydrogen isotopologues were monitored simultaneously, with a measurement precision for individual components of the order 10 -3 or better throughout the complete KATRIN data taking campaigns to date. From these, the tritium purity, ε T , is derived with precision of <10 - 3 and trueness of <3 × 10 -3 , being within and surpassing the actual requirements for KATRIN, respectively., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Published
2020
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28. Improved Upper Limit on the Neutrino Mass from a Direct Kinematic Method by KATRIN.

Author

Aker M, Altenmüller K, Arenz M, Babutzka M, Barrett J, Bauer S, Beck M, Beglarian A, Behrens J, Bergmann T, Besserer U, Blaum K, Block F, Bobien S, Bokeloh K, Bonn J, Bornschein B, Bornschein L, Bouquet H, Brunst T, Caldwell TS, La Cascio L, Chilingaryan S, Choi W, Corona TJ, Debowski K, Deffert M, Descher M, Doe PJ, Dragoun O, Drexlin G, Dunmore JA, Dyba S, Edzards F, Eisenblätter L, Eitel K, Ellinger E, Engel R, Enomoto S, Erhard M, Eversheim D, Fedkevych M, Felden A, Fischer S, Flatt B, Formaggio JA, Fränkle FM, Franklin GB, Frankrone H, Friedel F, Fuchs D, Fulst A, Furse D, Gauda K, Gemmeke H, Gil W, Glück F, Görhardt S, Groh S, Grohmann S, Grössle R, Gumbsheimer R, Ha Minh M, Hackenjos M, Hannen V, Harms F, Hartmann J, Haußmann N, Heizmann F, Helbing K, Hickford S, Hilk D, Hillen B, Hillesheimer D, Hinz D, Höhn T, Holzapfel B, Holzmann S, Houdy T, Howe MA, Huber A, James TM, Jansen A, Kaboth A, Karl C, Kazachenko O, Kellerer J, Kernert N, Kippenbrock L, Kleesiek M, Klein M, Köhler C, Köllenberger L, Kopmann A, Korzeczek M, Kosmider A, Kovalík A, Krasch B, Kraus M, Krause H, Kuckert L, Kuffner B, Kunka N, Lasserre T, Le TL, Lebeda O, Leber M, Lehnert B, Letnev J, Leven F, Lichter S, Lobashev VM, Lokhov A, Machatschek M, Malcherek E, Müller K, Mark M, Marsteller A, Martin EL, Melzer C, Menshikov A, Mertens S, Minter LI, Mirz S, Monreal B, Morales Guzmán PI, Müller K, Naumann U, Ndeke W, Neumann H, Niemes S, Noe M, Oblath NS, Ortjohann HW, Osipowicz A, Ostrick B, Otten E, Parno DS, Phillips DG, Plischke P, Pollithy A, Poon AWP, Pouryamout J, Prall M, Priester F, Röllig M, Röttele C, Ranitzsch PC, Rest O, Rinderspacher R, Robertson RGH, Rodenbeck C, Rohr P, Roll C, Rupp S, Ryšavý M, Sack R, Saenz A, Schäfer P, Schimpf L, Schlösser K, Schlösser M, Schlüter L, Schön H, Schönung K, Schrank M, Schulz B, Schwarz J, Seitz-Moskaliuk H, Seller W, Sibille V, Siegmann D, Skasyrskaya A, Slezák M, Špalek A, Spanier F, Steidl M, Steinbrink N, Sturm M, Suesser M, Sun M, Tcherniakhovski D, Telle HH, Thümmler T, Thorne LA, Titov N, Tkachev I, Trost N, Urban K, Vénos D, Valerius K, VanDevender BA, Vianden R, Vizcaya Hernández AP, Wall BL, Wüstling S, Weber M, Weinheimer C, Weiss C, Welte S, Wendel J, Wierman KJ, Wilkerson JF, Wolf J, Xu W, Yen YR, Zacher M, Zadorozhny S, Zbořil M, and Zeller G

Abstract

We report on the neutrino mass measurement result from the first four-week science run of the Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino experiment KATRIN in spring 2019. Beta-decay electrons from a high-purity gaseous molecular tritium source are energy analyzed by a high-resolution MAC-E filter. A fit of the integrated electron spectrum over a narrow interval around the kinematic end point at 18.57 keV gives an effective neutrino mass square value of (-1.0&#95;{-1.1}^{+0.9})  eV^{2}. From this, we derive an upper limit of 1.1 eV (90% confidence level) on the absolute mass scale of neutrinos. This value coincides with the KATRIN sensitivity. It improves upon previous mass limits from kinematic measurements by almost a factor of 2 and provides model-independent input to cosmological studies of structure formation.

Published
2019
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