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Many risk factors associated with deep infections after primary shoulder arthroplasty remain controversial and have not yet been summarized. As such, the aim of the present study was to quantitatively summarize the risk factors associated with deep infections after primary shoulder arthroplasty.Computerized and additional manual searches on the Medline, Embase, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Cochrane central database for potential studies, published from inception to March 2022, were performed. All studies that assessed risk factors for deep infection after primary shoulder arthroplasty were selected without language restrictions. Eligible studies were required to fulfill quality assessment criteria from the Consort statement and to evaluate risk factors for deep infection after primary shoulder arthroplasty. Two reviewers independently extracted the relevant data, with disagreements resolved by consensus. Statistical analyses were performed using Stata version 11.0 (Statacorp LLC, College Station, TX, USA).Seven studies including 493,148 patients who underwent primary shoulder arthroplasty, among whom 1,314 experienced infection (0.3%), were eligible and included in this meta-analysis. Meta-analysis revealed that significantly increased risk factors for infection after primary shoulder arthroplasty included male sex (odds ratio [OR] 1.79 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.23-2.60]), avascular necrosis (OR 2.64 [95% CI 1.61-4.34]), rotator cuff arthropathy (OR 2.14 [95% CI 1.55-2.95]), proximal humerus fracture (OR 2.68 [95% CI 1.93-3.73]), and non-union of humerus fracture (OR 5.32 [95% CI 3.52-8.02]). In contrast, advanced age was associated with a decreased likelihood for development of infection (OR 0.97 [95% CI 0.94-1]).Surgeons should devote close attention to the above-mentioned medical conditions to reduce deep infection after primary shoulder arthroplasty.

The Al–Zn–Si coating was deposited on Q235 steel by thermal spray technology. The corrosion behaviour of the coating in simulated marine environments has been investigated through neutral salt spray test (NSS) and electrochemical test. Furthermore, the microstructure and the morphologies of the coating were detected by means of scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The results showed that the coating exhibited a dense homogeneous lamellar microstructure without obvious defects. There were different corrosion periods of the coating in the simulated marine environment, such as dissolution of Zn and Al particles, flocculent morphology, acicular crystals and self-sealing behaviour caused by corrosion products. Ultimately, a dynamic equilibrium was formed between the consumption of the coating and the generation of the corrosion product layer. Moreover, Tafel curves indicated that the Ecorr and Icorr of the coating after NSS were lower than the substrate th...

To discuss the application of disparity discriminating accuracy test in evaluating the stereopsis of postoperative intermittent exotropia.Patients with intermittent exotropia who underwent surgery during July 2011 to June 2013 were followed up. The stereoacuity was examined by Titmus Stereotest, Randot Stereotest and Frisby Stereotest. Twenty adult cases whose stereoacuity reached normal were chosen as experimental group. Twenty healthy adults were selected as normal control group. Both groups were examined with disparity discriminating accuracy test. Discriminating accuracy of the two groups were analyzed with Two-Way ANOVA method. Test-retest reliability was analyzed with Intraclass Correlation Coefficient analysis.The test-retest reliability of disparity discriminating accuracy test is excellent (ICC=0.99, P0.01) . Discriminating accuracy under different disparities in experimental group were 0.56±0.09, 0.67±0.14, 0.77±0.15, 0.82±0.14, 0.85±0.11, 0.85±0.14, 0.87±0.10, 0.84±0.16, while those in control group were 0.77±0.09, 0.88±0.09, 0.93±0.08, 0.91±0.09, 0.95±0.08, 0.96±0.05, 0.97±0.06, 0.96±0.04. There were statistically significant differences between them (F=38.06, P0.01) . The discriminating ability of group grating in both groups was affected by the size of disparity. Under situation of small disparity, a large difference was found between the experimental group (0.67±0.12)and control group(0.86±0.07) (F=4.84, P0.05).Stereoscopic function can be evaluated comprehensively with disparity discriminating accuracy test. Use this test, a certain degree of dysfunction in stereopsis can still be found in postoperative intermittent exotropic patients who reached normal stereoacuity examined with traditional stereotests. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2016, 52: 584-588).

Poly(ferrocenyldimethylsilanes) with different molecular weights, especially with high molecular weight, have been synthesized. It is found by using the ESR technique that the formation of charge transfer complexes (CTC) between poly(ferrocenyldimethylsilanes) with different molecular weights and tetracyanoethylene (TCNE) is possible. Using 2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-piperidone-1 as a spin probe, the segment motion of resultant polymers was investigated. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 3508–3511, 2002

Functional Poly(ether–urethane) (PEU) was prepared by grafting 2-(dimethylamino)ethylmethacrylate(DMAEM) onto the membrane surface and quaternizing the grafted membrane. Graft polymerization was conducted by combining photo-oxidation and irradiation grafting. PEU membrane was photo-oxidized firstly in hydrogen peroxide solution and then grafted with DMAEM under UV light. The grafted membrane was quaternized with iodomethane. The results showed that the hydroperoxide groups content was dependent on photo-oxidization time and reached a maximum at about 8 h; degree of grafting increased with hydroperoxide groups content, irradiation time and monomer concentration. Irradiation under UV light enhanced the graft polymerization. The grafted DMAEM could be quaternized completely. ATR–FTIR spectra, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, optical microscopic photographs and water absorption percent characterized the grafted and quaternized copolymers. ATR–FTIR and XPS analysis further verified the occurrence of graft polymerization and quaternization reaction. The photographs of the grafted and quaternized membranes with a low degree of grafting consisted of regular cobblestones on the surfaces while the grafted membranes with a very high degree of grafting showed minimal morphology, and the cobblestones recurred after being quaternized. Water absorption percent increased slightly with the degree of grafting and rapidly when the grafted membrane was quaternized.

Using BF 3 as probe, the surface of SiO 2 was probed. The effects of the roast temperature on the SiO 2 surface were investigated and a possible mechanism is suggested. Using SiO 2 as starting material for supports, new supported catalysts for copolymerization of ethylene and propylene were prepared and their possible structures are discussed. It was found that higher polymerization productivity, for instance, 480 kg P/mol Ti h, can be obtained by using a SiO 2 /Al 2 Et 3 Cl 3 /TiCl 4 catalytic system and addition of PhMgCl to this catalytic system can significantly increase polymerization activity.

Three vanadocene-cocatalyst catalytic systems for ethylene polymerization-Cp 2 ZrCl 2 /Al 2 Et 3 Cl 3 [dichlorobis(η-cyclopentadienyl)vanadium/ethylaluminumsesquichloride], Cp 2 ZrCl 2 /MAO [dichlorobis(η-cyclopentadienyl)vanadium/methylaluminoxane] and Cp 2 ZrCl 2 /AlEt 3 [dichlorobis(η-cyclopentadienyl)vanadium/triethylaluminum]-were monitored by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. It was found that at least a certain kind of vanadium complex is formed after mixing dichlorobis(η-cyclopentadienyl)vanadium with ethylaluminumsesquichloride. After introducing ethylene, a new kind of vanadium complex is detected by ESR. Ethylene can be polymerized by using a dichlorobis(η-cyclopentadienyl)vanadium/ethylaluminumsesquichloride catalytic system. These results possibly indicate that the vanadium complex exists in the forms ClCp 2 VClEtAlCl 2 and ClCp 2 VClEtAlClEt, which are responsible for forming active centers. The Dichlorobis(η-cyclopentadienyl)vanadium/methylaluminoxane and dichlorobis(η-cyclopentadienyl)vanadium/triethylaluminum systems also were monitored by ESR. Completely different spectra were recorded compared to those of the dichlorobis(η-cyclopentadienyl) vanadium/ethylaluminumsesquichloride system. Ethylene almost cannot be polymerized by the dichlorobis(η-cyclopentadienyl)vanadium/ methylaluminoxane and dichlorobis(η-cyclopentadienyl)vanadium/triethylaluminum catalytic systems, showing that resultant vanadium complexes of dichlorobis(η-cyclopentadienyl)vanadium/methylaluminoxane and dichlorobis(η-cyclopentadienyl)vanadium/triethylaluminum catalytic systems are different from that arising from the dichlorobis(η-cyclopentadienyl)vanadium/ethylaluminumsesquichloride system. Plausible mechanisms are suggested for this.

Poly(ester urethane) (PU) with functional groups (amide, hydroxyl, carboxyl) on surfaces were prepared by grafting monomers such as acrylamide (AAm), hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA), and methacrylic acid (MAA) onto the PU membranes. Grafting copolymerization was carried out by the combined use of photooxidization and UV irradiation grafting. The PU membrane was photooxidized in hydrogen peroxide solution under UV light to yield hydroperoxide groups on the surface and then irradiation grafting with monomer in water. The ATR-FTIR spectrum, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterized the grafted copolymers and verified the occurrence of grafting copolymerization. The results showed that the content of hydroperoxide groups yielded was dependent on the photooxidization time and reached maximum at about 8 h. Grafting copolymerization was enhanced when irradiating by UV light. The degree of grafting was increased with the increase of content of hydroperoxide groups, irradiation time, and monomer concentration. The grafting copolymerization was enhanced when an appropriate amount of ferrous ions was added. After grafting, the wettability of PU and the water absorption percentage increased with the degree of grafting. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 77: 2505–2512, 2000

Nanometer magnetic particles were prepared through oxidizing Fe 2+ in basic solution. Initially, using resultant nanometer magnetic powder as support, supported nanometer magnetic Ziegler-Natta catalysts were obtained. Through polymerization in situ on the surface of nanometer magnetic particles, a new kind of magnetic polyolefin that is different from both the composite plastics' magnet and the structure plastics' magnet was obtained.

Using VO2+ as a spin probe, a new method to obtain microenvironmental information on supports was developed which can be used in the choice of supports for coordination catalysts. Utilizing the above method, NaY was chosen as second support component. A complex support catalyst VOCl3/MgCl2/NaY/Al2Et3Cl3 was prepared and used in ethylene–propylene copolymerization. Higher polymerization activity was obtained with this catalytic system. Alternating the ratio of two kinds of supports, the composition and sequence structure of copolymers could be controlled, which showed that NaY participated in the active species, affected the insertion of monomer, and changed the composition and sequence structure of copolymers. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Naive and chronically infected C57BL/6 mice were challenged percutaneously over the ear pinna with Schistosoma japonicum cercariae. After 15 hours, the number of EOS increased significantly in the skin of chronically infected mice. Inflammatory cells aggregated in the vicinity of schistosomula or entrapped intact and disintegrated schistosomula, forming granulocytic micro-abscesses in both groups. Ultrastructure studies revealed that flattened EOS tightly attached to the schistosomulum surface and degranulated. Local tegument damage occurred in the area of attachment. NEU adherence did not seem to be as intimate as EOS, and degranulation was not seen. The tegument of the attached schistosomulum remained normal. The result suggested that EOS appeared to be the efficient killer cell against skin phase schistosomula of S. japonicum.

Splenocytes from BALB/c mouse immunized with potato virus X (PVX) and myeloma cells (SP/2) were fused. After cloning and three screening cycles, three hybridoma cell lines secreting strain-specific monoclonal antibodies (MCAs) against PVX were obtained. These cell lines were stable for 20 generations and after storage in frozen form (in liquid nitrogen) for one year. The chromosome numbers of the three hybridoma cell lines clustered in the 92-102 range. The MCAs all belonged to the IgG3 immunoglobulin subclass. The medium supernatant antibody titer detected by indirect ELISA was 1:320-1:640. The mouse ascites antibody titer was 1:102,400-1:204,800, which was more than 300 times the rabbit antiserum titer (1:320). The MCAs had a neutralizing effect on the antigen, with neutralization titer of 1:10(2). There were no apparent changes in antibody activity after repeated freezing/thawing cycles, ammonium sulfate precipitation, or freeze-drying.

Polyethylene was prepared by using a nBu-Cp2ZrCl2/MAO catalytic system. Considering the reactivation of Zr species, a novel and reasonable mathematical model of kinetics has been developed and the kinetic profiles of ethylene polymerization have been fitted satisfactorily. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 81: 3186–3189, 2001