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Mental health conditions have become a growing problem; it increases the likelihood of premature death for patients, and imposes a high economic burden on the world. However, some studies have shown that if patients are detected and treated early, the social impact and economic costs of mental illness can be reduced. With the popularity of social media, people are sharing their feelings on it, which allows data from social media to be used to study mental health conditions. However, past research had been limited to the optimization of the model or using different types of data available on social media, resulting in models that only rely on data to make decisions. Moreover, people judge things not only by the data collected, but also by background knowledge. Therefore, we considered the diagnostic process of doctors and combined the knowledge of psychological screening tools and diagnostic criteria into the model. In addition, we also tested the effect of combining general knowledge. We retrieve the top m most relevant knowledge segments for each user's post, and then put both into the prediction model. Experimental results show that our method outperforms previous studies, and the F1-score is increased more than 10% in some situations. Moreover, because the knowledge segments are automatically retrieved, our method does not require additional manual labeling, and the knowledge set can be freely adjusted. These show that our method can help detect mental health conditions and can be continuously optimized in practice.

Problems in the process of manned agricultural aerial spraying, such as heavy workload in route planning, overlaps or omissions in spraying seriously reduce the efficiency of spraying and utilization rate of pesticides. This paper presents the design and development of a navigation system for manned agricultural aerial spraying based on an industrial tablet PC. This system provides three key functions: route planning, spraying navigation and real-time evaluation of spraying quality. The test and application results show that this system has high efficiency in route planning, and the average coverage rate of spraying could reach as high as 96%. Its application effect is remarkable, and as a result, this system can meet the demand of manned agricultural aerial spraying in route planning and navigation.

In this study, the biomass of winter wheat was estimated by using hyperspectral data obtained from a hyperspectral camera on an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). Every two bands from the hyperspectral data were selected to calculate two kinds of vegetation indexes: the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Ratio Vegetation Index (RVI). Linear models were established between winter wheat biomass and those indexes, and coefficient of determination R² was used to draw the two-dimensional distribution of R² values. The comparison between NDVI and RVI for pixel covered by soil and wheat showed that RVI is more efficient to mask the influence from soil than NDVI. For calculating the NDVI, optimal bands are located mainly around 820 nm and 725 nm to 750 nm. For assessing RVI, the wavelength range from 820 to 832 nm, 794 to 808 nm, 770 to 788 nm, 725 nm to 750 nm and 890 nm for RVI are most suitable. Those optimal bands can achieve a coefficient of determination R² higher than 0.88 by using the linear regression model in the study.

This study employed the feature band pre-selection and composite process to overcome the mosaic difficulties of large number of bands and huge data volume of the hyperspectral UAV images before the mosaic process being done. The application and comparison were done by using the UHD 185 hyperspectral camera, and the result showed that the band pre-selection and composite method used in this study can go up as high as being 390 percent faster than the single band mosaic (for the Normalized Differential Vegetation Index application), and about 46 times faster than full band mosaic. Besides, compared to the full band mosaic method, the method used in the study can reduce the maximum memory usage amount and final mosaic file size significantly.

Cathelicidins are a major family of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), an important component of innate immune system, playing a critical role in host defense and disease resistance in virtually all living species. Polymorphism and functional studies on cathelicidin of Tianzhu white yak contribute to understanding the specific innate immune mechanism in animals living at high altitudes in comparison to cattle and domesticated white yak. Thirty-six individuals of Tianzhu white yak, originating from the area of three ecotypes (Gansu in China), were investigated. The total length of the aligned Yak cathelicidin 6 (CATHL-6) sequences was 1923 bp, including six single nucleotide polymorphisms and one indel. Ten haplotypes were identified, and phylogenetic analyses resolved those 10 haplotypes in two clusters. The results indicate that the white yak originated from two domestication sites. In addition, lack of significant pairwise difference between sequences (Tajima's D = 0.92865, P > 0.10) in the CATHL-6 region indicates absence of population size expansion in current white yak population.

DRA encodes the alpha chain of the DR heterodimer, is closely linked to DRB and is considered almost monomorphic in major histocompatibility complex region. In this study, we identified the exon 2 of DRA to evaluate the immunogenetic diversity of Chinese south indigenous goat. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms in an untranslated region and one synonymous substitution in coding region were identified. These data suggest that high immunodiversity in native Chinese population.

We investigated the association between dietary intake of folate, vitamin B6, and the 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) genotype with breast cancer. A matched case-control study was conducted, and 413 patients with newly diagnosed and histologically confirmed breast cancer and 436 controls were recruited. Folate intake, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 levels were calculated, and the MTHFR C677T and A1298C and MTR A2756G polymorphisms were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Breast cancer cases were generally older, older at first live birth, and younger at menarche, had a higher body mass index, were smokers, had higher energy intake, and more first-degree relatives with breast cancer as well as more live births compared to controls. With respect to energy intake, we found that higher energy intake were more likely to increase the risk of breast cancer. The MTHFR 667TT genotype was associated with a moderately increased risk of breast cancer when compared with the CC genotype, and a significant odds ratio (OR; 95% confidence interval, CI) was found (OR = 1.70, 95%CI = 1.06-2.73). Individuals carrying T allele were associated with higher risk of breast cancer when compared with C allele (OR = 1.34, 95%CI = 1.06-1.70). We did not find a significant effect of the MTHFR A1298C and MTR A2756G on the risk of breast cancer. We did not find any association between folate intake and MTHFR C677T polymorphisms. In conclusion, we found that the MTHFR C667T polymorphism is associated with the risk of breast cancer, indicating that this genotype plays a role in breast cancer development.

Stress–relaxation experiments were applied to cold-rolled Cu–10 wt.%Zn, Cu–20 wt.%Zn and Cu–30 wt.%Zn alloys samples with different stacking fault energy (SFE). Relevant mechanical properties were tested by conducting tensile experiments. With a decrease of SFE, strength increased greatly without sacrificing ductility. Meanwhile, we found that a decrease in SFE leads to both a decrease in the variation of physical activation volume and the value of strain rate sensitivity but increases in exhaustion rate of mobile dislocations in copper alloys. This indicates that the deformation process is dominated by dislocation activities. The result provides an explanation for the mechanical behavior of some nanostructured materials which have high strength and not disappointingly low ductility.

Desmoglein 4 (DSG4) has an important role in the development of wool traits in domestic animals. The full-length DSG4 gene, which contains 3918 bp, a complete open-reading-frame, and encodes a 1040-amino acid protein, was amplified from Liaoning cashmere goat. The sequence was compared with that of DSG4 from other animals and the results show that the DSG4 coding region is consistent with interspecies conservation. Thirteen single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified in a highly variable region of DSG4, and one SNP (M-1, G>T) was significantly correlated with white and black coat color in goat. Haplotype distribution of the highly variable region of DSG4 was assessed in 179 individuals from seven goat breeds to investigate its association with coat color and its differentiation among populations. However, the lack of a signature result indicates DGS4 haplotypes related with the color of goat coat.

Cu, Cu–0.1 at.%Ge and Cu–5.7 at.%Ge with stacking fault energies (SFEs) of 78, 54, and 15 mJ/m2, respectively, were processed by cold-rolling at the liquid nitrogen temperature. X-ray diffraction measurements indicate that decreasing SFE decreases the average grain size but increases the microstrain, dislocation density, and twin density in the cold-rolled samples. Tensile testing results show that the strength and ductility of the materials increase simultaneously with decreasing SFE. The relationship between the structure and mechanical properties of the materials is briefly discussed.

This paper will discuss the design and construction of BESIII, which is designed to study physics in the tau-charm energy region utilizing the new high luminosity BEPCII double ring e+e- collider. The expected performance will be given based on Monte Carlo simulations and results of cosmic ray and beam tests. In BESIII, tracking and momentum measurements for charged particles are made by a cylindrical multilayer drift chamber in a 1 T superconducting solenoid. Charged particles are identified with a time-of-flight system based on plastic scintillators in conjunction with dE/dx (energy loss per unit pathlength) measurements in the drift chamber. Energies of electromagnetic showers are measured by a CsI(Tl) crystal calorimeter located inside the solenoid magnet. Muons are identified by arrays of resistive plate chambers in the steel magnetic flux return. The level 1 trigger system, Data Acquisition system and the event filter system based on networked computers will also be described., 57 pages, 75 figures

Lead Strontium Titanate ((Pb, Sr)TiO3, PST) thin films were epitaxially grown on (001) magnesium oxide (MgO), (001) lanthanum aluminate (LaAlO3, LAO), and (110) neodymium gallate (NdGaO3, NGO) substrates by pulsed laser deposition. Microstructural studies revealed that the as-grown PST films are with excellent epitaxial quality. PST films on MgO and LAO substrates exhibit a tetragonal distortion whereas the films on NGO substrates show an orthorhombic distortion. Dielectric property measurements at 1.0 MHz revealed that the room temperature dielectric constant is about 1500 with an extra large dielectric tunability value of 65% at 50 kV/cm for the PST film on the MgO substrate, and dielectric constant of 3100 with a dielectric tunability value of 48% at 50 kV/cm for the PST film on the LAO substrate. PST films on NGO substrates show anisotropic in-plane dielectric properties due to the anisotropic in-plane strain. A high zero-field dielectric constant of 4220 with a dielectric tunability value of...

The aim of this research was to identify the dynamic diversity of Small Tail Han sheep in its main producing areas between different years, and provide a basis for a breeding and genetic resources conservation strategy. For this purpose, 15 microsatellites were genotyped for Small Tail Han Sheep sampled in 2014 from Heze, China, and a comparative analysis of these data with those from a previous study was undertaken using meta-analysis. The results reveal that inbreeding has caused a reduction in diversity of Small Tail Han Sheep from 2008 to 2014. Overall, our results are helpful in understanding the dynamic change in diversity, as well as providing information for a conservation strategy for this population.

Immune-related miRNAs in breast milk are extracellular miRNAs that are related to immune organ development and regulation of the immune function in infants and young animals. The goal of this study was to compare the expression levels of five immune-related miRNAs in breast milk in black goats, humans, and dairy cattle. The miRNAs from milk were extracted and the expression levels were assessed using quantitive RT-PCR methods. MiR-146, miR-155, miR-181a, miR-223, and miR-150 were all detected in Dazu black goat milk, and these miRNAs were significantly more highly expressed in colostrum than in mature milk of goats (P < 0.01), except for miR-150. Further, all five miRNAs were expressed in human colostrum, but patterns differed from those in goats: miR-146 and miR-155 were highly expressed (P < 0.01) in human colostrum, whereas miR-223 was abundant in goat colostrum (P < 0.01). In addition, five miRNAs were significantly higher in bovine mature milk than in goat milk (P < 0.01). Taken together, these results confirm that immune-related miRNAs are rich in breast milk with different expression levels depending on the lactation phase and species.

The effects of Ge on the interfacial reaction between Co and poly-Si1−xGex materials were studied. Poly-Si1−xGex layers prepared at 580°C by ultra-high vacuum chemical molecular epitaxy (UHVCME) system were subjected to Co silicidation at various rapid thermal annealing (RTA) temperatures ranging from 500 to 900°C. From X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Co(Si1−yGey) cubic structure was formed with RTA temperature ranging from 500 to 800°C for x=0.09, while CoSi2 was formed at 900°C. However, for x=0.21, Co(Si1−yGey) persisted even after 900°C RTA annealing, and CoSi2 was not found. These results indicate that Ge atoms retard the formation of CoSi2. As a result, the RTA temperature needed to obtain low sheet resistance has to be increased with increasing Ge content. Finally, p-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) transistors with poly-Si1−xGex-gate have been successfully integrated with Co salicidation process.

Oxide layers have been grown on single crystal (1 0 0) Si and SiGe surfaces with exposure to a pulsed UV laser at 266 nm under various controlled environments. During the growth, sample surfaces were first melted by the laser power. Oxygen related species then diffused into the melt. Oxide was formed after the samples re-solidified. Besides the strong stretching mode absorption at 1080 cm −1 (T 2 mode), there was an intense shoulder around 1200 cm −1 (the A 1 mode) in the Fourier transform infrared spectrum, compared to thermal oxide. The relative intensity of the shoulder decreased with ambient water vapor concentration. The porosity of this oxide leads to the intense shoulder and more water vapor incorporation can decrease the porosity. The porous oxide could be annealed to some extent with a high-temperature thermal process. Because the adsorption and diffusion of water molecules to and in melted silicon are easier than oxygen molecules, ambient water vapor can fill the voids in the oxide more efficiently and leads to less significant absorption shoulder than oxygen molecules. Also because the diffusion of water molecules in Ge is faster than in Si, less voids are formed and hence the absorption shoulder is less prominent in SiGe samples.

On-site winding of magnet coils of HT-7U started in September 1998, using a numerically controlled winding machine. Magnet coils are all forced-flow superconducting coils, consisting of superconducting Toroidal Field (TF) coils and superconducting Poloidal Field (PF) coils. All of TF and PF coils will use NbTi Cable-in-Conduit Conductor (CICC) cooled with supercritical helium. This paper reports on the set up of a new winding facility with unique capabilities for continuous winding of long length CICC. An analytical method used to predict conduit springback before winding is presented and the results are compared to the ones obtained during winding. Research and development of winding of the TF Dummy Coil (TFDC) has been carried out and a winding method has been developed by winding trials. Windings of the TFDC and CS Model Coil (CSMC) have been successfully completed by using the developed technique. In R&D, long dummy conductor and short sample jackets have been used to demonstrate a plastic deformation characteristic of CICC during the winding process. The developed winding method can be applied to fabricate all TF and PF coils.

A theoretical analysis of the noise of a periodic optical pulse train is presented. It is shown that the amplitude fluctuation, the pulsewidth fluctuation, the pulse timing jitter, and the cross correlations between any two of these three noise parameters can be separately quantified by comparing the noise power spectra of the fundamental pulses and those of the second-harmonic pulses. The noise characteristics of an actively mode-locked Nd:YLF laser are presented to demonstrate this technique.

Failures of complex systems may be various types. Natural failure due to degradation is one main mechanism. Other factors such as traumatic failure caused by random shocks from external environment are also critical to systems' operation. This paper proposes a new model to study complex systems that experience both degradation and shocks which are dependent. System reliability is analyzed and maintenance actions including periodic inspection, preventive maintenance and replacement are adopted to minimize the long-run maintenance cost rate. Sensitivity analysis is also included.

This paper reports on the fabrication and evaluation of high-quality InSb photovoltaic detectors. Etchpits on the face of the InSb substrates were studied. This distribution usually shows a “T” shape. Detectors fabricated in an etchpit rich region show a large dark current while those from a pit-free region show low dark current. This is because the tunneling current becomes dominant at different reverse bias levels for devices fabricated in the different regions. We also present what are the first reported effects of a reverse injection current on the performance of these detectors. The breakdown voltage of the detector increases after the injection process. However, the dark current at small reverse bias (−200 mV) increases and then decreases with an increase of the reverse injection current. This result may be due to hole trapping in the passivation layer during the injection process.

We demonstrate a novel modulation technique with a vertical cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) using an intracavity embedded voltage-biased quantum well absorber. We achieved a -3-dB small-signal bandwidth of 9 GHz and a response of 7 GHz//spl radic/(mA) by modulation of the absorber. Our calculations show that this technique introduces significantly less chirp at higher frequencies than direct current modulation.

We demonstrate the feasibility of using a CMOS laser driver for a low-power digital optical transmitter that is capable of at least 1-Gb/s operation. The transmitter employs low threshold lasers and zero-bias modulation. The circuit driver uses a strategy for low power consumption such that a majority of the total transmitter power is consumed by the laser instead of the electronics. The driver can function over a wide temperature range (77 K-300 K) for a variety of laser diodes.

We report both analytical and experimental results of the power penalty due to noncoherent crosstalk in multiwavelength all-optical networks that use space-division switching. Numerical analysis reveals that the power penalty is overestimated using a Gaussian approximation with -20 dB. Numerical analysis shows a 1.8 dB power penalty for 6 crosstalk signals with each contributing -11.5 dB crosstalk while the Gaussian approximation predicts a power penalty /spl Gt/10 dB. We measure a power penalty of 1.7 dB for 3 crosstalk signals with each contributing -18 dB crosstalk. The numerical analysis agrees when the relative-intensity noise is taken into account.

Effects of the etching of the polysilicon gates on the damages of the thin gate oxides in the electron cyclotron resonance(ECR) plasma have been investigated. The mechnisms for these damages have been estabished. The chlorine containing plasma will directly impinge the oxide and induce a high leakage current. On the other hand, the fluorine-containing plasma can not directly attack the oxide and does not enhance the leakage current.

After etching treatment (AET) performed in after treatment chamber (ATC) of a reactive ion etching (RIE) system was reported to be efficient in removing the residual layer and defects caused by RIE as well as producing a clean surface of oxide patterned windows for selective epitaxial growth (SEG). And, an interesting phenomenon that the AET time of full-patterned and half-patterned wafers was different with all other parameters fixed was observed.

In this work, we report the first study of the porous boron /delta/-doped Si superlattice. Visible photoluminescence (PL) with multiple peaks from the porous boron 6/spl delta/-doped Si superlattice was observed at room temperature. The multiple peaks of PL spectrum from the porous superlattice can be explained on the basis of interference from the periodic structure. The high-resolution double crystal x-ray diffraction (HRXRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to investigate the dopant distribution and structure of these superlattices. In addition, theoretical transmittance of the porous superlattice with alternative refraction index was calculated to confirm the interference effect of the PL spectrum.

We demonstrate that when a laser diode is digitally modulated with zero-bias, the average electrical power consumption can be less than a threshold-biased scheme for the same bit error rate. We find that the power consumption of large threshold >10 mA lasers with zero-bias is comparable to or less than with threshold-bias modulation as long as B/spl tau/

We demonstrate ridge-waveguide InGaAsN/GaAs single quantum well lasers at wavelength 1.3 and 1.4 /spl mu/m grown by molecular beam epitaxy using radio frequency plasma nitrogen source. Threshold current density of 0.57 and 3.87 KA/cm/sup 2/ at /spl lambda/=1.3 and 1.4 /spl mu/m, respectively, were obtained for the lasers with a 3-/spl mu/m ridge width and a 2-mm cavity length. Slope efficiencies of 0.67 and 0.37 W/A were obtained for /spl lambda/=1.3 and 1.4 /spl mu/m emission, respectively, with cavity length L=1 mm. The cw kink-free output power of wavelength 1.3 /spl mu/m single lateral mode laser is more than 150 mW, and the maximum total wallplug efficiency of 29% was obtained.

S-parameters of dummy devices fabricated on Si substrates with different resistivities are measured and analyzed to study the effects of substrate resistivity on the microwave characteristics. An equivalent parasitic circuit model is proposed and the extraction procedure also developed. The substrate resistivity effects can be explained well by the proposed model.

We report here a method to obtain the noise information on pulse width, intensity, cross-correlation of pulse width and intensity, and pulse timing jitter by comparing the noise power spectra of the fundamental and the second harmonic (SH) from a CW mode-locked laser source. The experimental results of the noise parameters of an active mode-locked Nd:LiYF/sub 4/ laser system are also presented.

In this paper, we report the characteristics of a singly resonant KTiOPO/sub 4/ optical parametric oscillator (OPO) synchronously pumped by the second harmonic of a flashlamp-pumped asynchronously phase locked (APM) Nd:YLF laser.

High-power narrow ridge waveguide lasers emitting with wavelength around 1.3 µm were realised with a single In0.36GaAsN0.022 quantum well with GaAs barriers. Narrow vertical far-field angle of 35° was obtained. Single lateral mode continuous-wave operation with slope efficiency of 0.57 W/A, series resistance of 2.6 Ω, and kink-free output power of 210 mW was achieved.

The characteristics of a novel graded superlattice high-speed photovoltaic detector are described. The major differences between this novel device and the conventional photodiodes are compared using an equivalent circuit model.