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High-pressure Si-XII and Si-III nanocrystalline polymorphs, as well as amorphous Si phase, appear consequently during multi-shot femtosecond-laser exposure of crystalline Si wafer surface above its spallation threshold along with permanently developing quasi-regular surface texture (ripples, microcones), residual hydrostatic stresses and subsurface damage, which are characterized by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, as well as by Raman micro-spectroscopy. The consequent yields of these structural Si phases indicate not only their spatially different appearance, but also potentially enable to track nanoscale, transient laser-induced high-pressure, high-temperature physical processes – local variation of ablation mechanism and rate, pressurization/pressure release, melting/resolidification, amorphization, annealing – versus cumulative laser exposure and the related development of the surface topography.

In order to investigate the performance behavior of soft ground improvement using different vacuum consolidation methods (VCM) and different PVD thicknesses, four trial sections namely C1, C2, D1, and D2 were constructed. VCM without airtight membrane using cap drains and direct tubing system (VCM-DT) were used for the first two sections with PVD thickness of 3 mm and 7 mm for C1 and C2, respectively. VCM with airtight membrane and band drains (VCM-MB) were applied for the last two sections for D1 and D2with PVD thickness of 3 mm and 7 mm, respectively. The soil conditions, construction procedures, instrumentation program, and monitored results of the above trial sections are presented in this paper. The results confirmed that the effective vacuum pressure in PVD mainly depends on vacuum consolidation methods and the assumption of uniform distribution of vacuum pressures along the PVD depth which can be suggested for practical design. For VCM-MB using PVD thickness of 3 mm arranged in triangular pattern of 0.9 m spacing, the degree of consolidation of more than 90% can be achieved in less than 8 months of vacuum pumping. However, for VCM-DT, further investigation is needed for preventing air leakage in vacuum system particularly for the case of thick soft clay deposits with large deformations during the preloading.

A retrospective analysis of 86 HIV-1 vertically-infected Vietnamese children with a follow-up period >24 months after initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) was performed from 2008 to 2012, to assess the outcome of first-line ART in resource-limited settings. Of the 86 children, 68 (79.1%) were treated successfully (plasma HIV-1 viral load [VL] + T-cell count or clinical stage at baseline; age at ART start; or ART regimen. All 14 children with VL >5000 copies/ml, one of four children with VL 1000–5000 copies/ml and none with VL

The authors report on the status of the magnetic design of the Superconducting Super Collider (SSC) dipole magnets. A two- and three-dimensional design optimization was performed that included the effects of permeable collar, yoke, cryostat, beam tube, crescent yoke end pieces, cool-down, and Lorentz loads. A field quality plan was developed that represents the approach to tuning the design for satisfying the systematic and RMS multipole specifications. The VSA tool is being used to simulate the effects of random parts, tool and process variations on the expected multipole distributions, both between many magnets, and within a single magnet. >

The authors summarize the work performed to evaluate the effects of manufacturing errors on the field quality of the Superconducting Super Collider dipole magnets. The multiple sensitivities to the conductor displacements were computed. There are two types of magnetic field multipole specifications: systematic (average over the entire ring) and RMS (standard deviation of the multipole distribution). The RMS multipoles induced by random variations in the magnet cross section were predicted using VSA software and the current design tolerances. In addition, the effects of variations in the beam tube, yoke and cryostat dimensions were also analyzed. >

The Superconducting X-ray Lithography Source (SXLS) being built at Brookhaven National Laboratory requires two superconducting bending magnets. The authors describe the magnetic analyses completed to support and direct the design of magnets capable of successfully meeting the system requirements. Because of the diversity of the effects investigated a number of analytical techniques were necessary. Each of the effects and the analytical approach chosen are outlined. The magnetic field calculation approach and verification are presented. To verify the satisfaction of requirements, field calculations to seven significant digits were necessary. The effects of magnetic permeability of magnet materials, eddy currents, superconductor magnetization, current leads, splices, structural deflection, and manufacturing tolerances were calculated in addition to the current density field calculations. >

An adaptive thresholding scheme is proposed for reconstruction of bandlimited signals from noisy data without oversampling. An exact formula for mean integrated squared error of the proposed scheme gives better reconstruction accuracy than the classical Whittaker-Shannon interpolation scheme and the non-adaptive thresholding-based reconstruction scheme proposed in V.-L. Nguyen and M. Pawlak (2003).

Differentiated service (DiffServ) has been proposed as an alternative for Integrated service. It aims to provide the same service to a group of flows that have similar quality of service requirements. Assured forwarding (AF) and expedited forwarding (EF) are two proposals for DiffServ provision. We present a performance analysis of an N drop-precedences threshold dropping (TD) queue, which is one of the proposed mechanisms for AF. In this analysis, traffic flows are assumed Poisson with exponentially distributed service time. We present simulation results that verify the analysis. This paper is an extension of the work attempted by Bolot et al. (see Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM, 1999) and Sahu (see Umass CMPCSI Technical Report 99-09, University of Massachusetts) since it considers the general case with multiple classes of flow. We also show that the Poisson based analysis can be shown to hold for aggregation of bursty Markov sources in some cases and not to hold in others.

Document describes the potential dose consequences to the offsite maximum individual and population for ground and stack level releases at the offsite receptors from the Plutonium Finishing Plant.

The purpose of this paper is to discuss. The status of the magnetic design of the SSC collider dipole magnets (CDM’s). The majority of the work performed to date is the optimization of the coil cross-section, with most of the emphasis on the b2, b4, and a1 multipoles. The basic approach to cross-section optimization involves the following steps. First, a detailed 180 degree finite-element model is constructed. This model also includes material magnetic property data for the Nitronic-40 collars, Fe yoke, steel cryostat, and beam tube. The resulting transfer functions for all the normal multipole components b2–b10 as well as the skew quadrupole a1 (due to the asymmetric cryostat) are calculated for the nominal conductor cross-section. Persistent current effects are incorporated into the model using recent 50mm, 1.8m long coil data. The initial cross-section is then modified to include off-sets in the b2 and b4 multipoles due to the permeable collar, cryostat, beam tube, persistent currents, and deflections due to cool-down and Lorentz loads. The resulting cross-section represents our best estimate of what the dimensions of the warm, collared and yoked coil are. The off-sets due to the various deflections are a result of a finite-element stress analysis; any uncertainties in these calculations will impact the deflection off-sets put into the magnetic cross-section. However, the calculated off-sets are still an indication of the trend of the various effects, and are expected to provide greater understanding of the measured systematic multipoles.