112 results on '"L510"'
Search Results
2. Transformation of the Integrated Logistics Support System for World-Class Products
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Anikin, Boris A., Anikin, Oleg B., Klimina, Yulia G., Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Gomide, Fernando, Advisory Editor, Kaynak, Okyay, Advisory Editor, Liu, Derong, Advisory Editor, Pedrycz, Witold, Advisory Editor, Polycarpou, Marios M., Advisory Editor, Rudas, Imre J., Advisory Editor, Wang, Jun, Advisory Editor, Popkova, Elena G., editor, and Sergi, Bruno S., editor
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- 2021
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3. Exploring the impact on primary care mental health practitioners of the death of a patient by suicide: An <scp>IPA</scp> study
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David M. Sandford, Olivia J. Kirtley, Richard Thwaites, and Rory C. O'Connor
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Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,L510 ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,C840 - Abstract
Objectives\ud There have been numerous qualitative studies into the impact of the death of a patient by suicide on clinicians, but the majority of studies have focussed on psychiatrists and psychologists, primarily in inpatient or secondary care settings. To date, little has been done to explore the impact of such deaths on other mental health practitioners working in primary care, such as those working in Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) services.\ud \ud Design\ud This qualitative study used purposive sampling and adopted an interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) methodology.\ud \ud Method\ud All participants had experienced the death of a patient in their role as a practitioner in an IAPT service. Seven practitioners were recruited from services across the North of England. Semi-structured, one-hour telephone interviews were audio recorded and then transcribed verbatim.\ud \ud Results\ud Analysis of the transcripts identified a number of themes, which were represented in the majority of cases. Specifically, the analyses yielded four superordinate themes: (1) feeling shocked and upset about the death of a patient; (2) attempting to understand the causes of the suicide; (3) learning from the tragic event; and (4) reflections on what helped in coping with the tragic event. The emotional responses of shock, upset, guilt and fear of blame by IAPT practitioners following the death of a patient through suicide is consistent with that found in studies of other mental health practitioners.\ud \ud Conclusions\ud It is hoped that the current study will help raise awareness amongst primary care mental health practitioners, services and training centres, of the impact of losing a patient to suicide and will encourage them to consider how best to prepare and support practitioners in this eventuality. Recommendations include raising awareness of the potential for patient suicide in primary care services, providing clarity on the individualised support available and on the requirements of investigations.\ud \ud Practitioner points\ud Be aware of the likelihood of experiencing a patient suicide. (i.e. the ‘career prevalence’ of such an event).\ud Have regular training in risk assessment, formulation and safety planning, including recognition of the poor predictive power of risk assessment tools and the importance of the therapeutic encounter to enable open discussion of risk.\ud Receive clear guidance on self-care and support available in the event of a patient death and have an understanding of the service and statutory procedures following a suicide.\ud Benefit from a clear procedure for communicating to the practitioner in the event of a patient death (by those with direct management or clinical responsibility for that person) in a caring and supportive manner.
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- 2022
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4. Understanding experience, knowledge and perceived challenges related to bra fit for sports participation: a scoping review
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Haworth, Lauren, Aitkenhead, Robyn, Grecic, David, and Chohan, Ambreen
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L510 ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,L321 ,L320 - Abstract
The breasts are reported as the fourth largest barrier to participation in physical activity (PA). This scoping review provides a comprehensive understanding of experiences, knowledge and challenges relating to bra fit and sports participation. The search strategy was adopted by the Preferred Reporting Items for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines and multiple databases were searched. All research was in English and within the last 20 years. Exclusion criteria excluded reviews, male participants and the inability to locate or access full-text articles. The JBI critical appraisal tool assessed methodological quality. Twenty-three studies were included. Key themes from the studies are breast motion during PA, sports bra design, perceived barriers to participation in PA and education/knowledge of breast support and bra fit. Increasing breast support reduces breast movement during PA yet breast motion and bra fit are still the most common breast concerns for females. This is likely influenced by poor breast knowledge, leading to poor breast support choices. Future research should explore to what extent breast motion, knowledge and bra fit influences sport participation, and this research should include a more diverse range of adult ages, cup sizes, ethnicities and PA levels to provide a wider and more comprehensive understanding.
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- 2022
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5. Promoting competition and protecting customers? Regulation of the GB retail energy market 2008–2016.
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Littlechild, Stephen
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PRICE discrimination ,RETAIL industry ,GOVERNMENT agencies ,INTERVENTION (Federal government) - Abstract
In 1999 the GB retail energy market was open to competition for residential customers. In 2008 Ofgem began a series of regulatory interventions, notably a nondiscrimination condition and subsequently a restriction to four "simple tariffs". This reversed its previous policy of minimal intervention. This paper explores the reasons for this change of policy, drawing upon the responses of economists and others to Ofgem and Competition and Market Authority (CMA) consultations. It argues that key factors were a significant increase in energy prices before 2008, the reduced involvement of economists in senior roles at Ofgem, and systematic changes in Government policy and the statutory regulatory framework. Finally, the paper examines what the CMA Energy Market Investigation had to say about this in 2016. The CMA found that these were inappropriate regulatory interventions, and laid part of the blame on arrangements for governance of the regulatory framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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6. Food selection behaviour of university students with food allergies and celiac disease
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Laheri, Zainab, Soon, Jan Mei, and Dillon, Stephanie
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L510 ,Business, Management and Accounting (miscellaneous) ,L431 ,Food Science - Abstract
PurposeFood allergies (FA) and celiac disease (CD) are becoming increasingly prevalent among Late Adolescents (LA) (18–24 years). This period is a challenging developmental stage, whereby individuals transition from parental supervision to the self-management of their FA and CD. Hence, poor food selection behaviour (FSB) is common among these individuals. This study attempted to understand which factors influenced FSB in first-year university students with FA and CD.Design/methodology/approachA food selection survey was conducted among participants with FA and CD to determine how influential five factors (cost, taste, convenience, health and labelling) were. Descriptive statistics were conducted for the demographic results. The Mann–Whitney U test determined which factors were the most influential, along with sex differences. A comparison was made between FA and CD.FindingsTaste and cost were the most influential determinants of food selection in both groups of participants. Labelling was the least influential factor. Significant differences were found between the sexes. Females were more likely to be influenced by cost, whereas for males, taste was a greater determinant of food choice.Originality/valueThis is the first study to explore FSB in late adolescents with FA and CD. The present study confirms previous findings in relation to the FSB of late adolescents. This study contributes evidence suggesting that individuals with and without FA and CD, are influenced by the same determinants of food selection.
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- 2022
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7. Digital health education: the need for a digitally ready workforce
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Tamsin Mary Holland Brown and Mike Bewick
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L510 ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,I500 ,I510 - Abstract
Digital health education develops an understanding of the pragmatic use of digital technologies, including health apps, artificial intelligence and wearables, in the National Health Service (NHS). Staff should feel confident accessing up-to-date, quality-assured digital health solutions.Digital health is a high priority in government, NHS organisations and Royal Colleges. However, there is a gap between what is expected and the education of staff or medical students to enable implementation.Digital health education needs to be up to date and universally included within training, continuing professional development activities and medical school curriculums.During COVID-19, more families across the UK became digitally enabled with school, council, charities and governments providing access to devices, WiFi and mobile data for those that needed it. Improved digital access brings equalities in access to health information and healthcare professionals. Health app use sharply rose during COVID-19, as patients self-managed and took control of their conditions, but most health apps do not reach NHS standards.Paediatricians are well positioned to advise on appropriate health app use and advocate for improved patient access to solutions.Many paediatricians adopted remote video consultations during the COVID-19 pandemic but could soon adopt more digital health strategies to remotely track, monitor and manage conditions remotely.Patient management now includes remote consultations and digital health solutions; therefore, medical histories should capture digital access, environments and literacy.This article explains the importance of digital health education, lists accessible resources and provides examples of health apps that can be recommended.
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- 2022
8. Structural Inequity and the Determinants of Injury Anxiety: Yenicami Ağdelen S.K as a Case Study
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Melling, Alethea, Kanan, Simay, Cyprus Turkish Football Association, KTFA, Yenicami Ağdelen S.K, KTFA, KTFF Süper Lig, KTFA, and Cyprus, Final International University
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C813 ,L510 ,L214 ,C640 ,C620 ,L240 - Abstract
The Cyprus Turkish Football Federation (CTFA) is affiliated to the Confederation of Independent Football Associations (ConIFA), the governing body representing national teams who are not recognized by the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), and the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA). Membership of FIFA has important knowledge, financial, and political implications for national clubs. Funding for development such as the FIFA Goal Programme makes a significant contribution to talent building in national teams. Although ConIFA provides opportunities to play on an international stage, it does not have the funding infrastructure for performance development at member level. We use the term structural inequity as players from unrecognized countries are attributed an unequal status to others within international football. For players within the Cyprus Turkish Football Federation (CTFA), structural inequity has a resonance beyond geo-politics, impacting on player development, motivation, and retention. \ud \ud Aims: \ud The purpose of this research is to identify the determinants of injury anxiety within Yenicami Ağdelen S.K, a CTFA (aka. KTFF) Süper Lig Club. The short-term aim is to identify the psychosocial determinants of player injury anxiety. Long-term, the outcomes will help inform the design of a wider study across the CTFA examining the extent to which injury anxiety may inhibit performance. \ud \ud Methods: \ud To balance intellectual and methodological rigor with players personal epistemologies, the research process is designed around an ethnographic paradigm. This approach utilizes the researcher/participant shared experience to enable co-production of evidence. Interviews are transcribed and coded to themes. Transcriptions of player stories are analysed with NVivo qualitative data analysis (QDA) software. The evidence was co-produced with n=15, professional players aged 24.1 ± 6.6. Evidence was gathered through >60-minute semi structured interviews. Following confirmation of University Ethics Approval, Yenicami Ağdelen SK agreed a formal research partnership. The interviews are completed during the summer 2021. As this study is based on n=15 players from one club, data must be treated with caution in terms of being representative of the CTFA (KTFF) Süper Lig. \ud \ud Regardless of injury type and recovery time, the study showed that 73.33% of participants suffered anxiety as result of being injured. Furthermore, 46.7% of the participants identified as having persistent anxiety about becoming injured and the possible long-term impacts. The determinants of injury anxiety included: lack of appropriate Health Insurance; length of recovery and rehabilitation; no post-injury health care due to lack of resources; loss of player earnings and financial difficulties for family; losing identity through injury and invisibility. Interview 11 explained: “No one cares for the injured football player due to the (unrecognised) state of football in the country, and he is automatically kicked out of football. His football career is coming to an end”.\ud \ud A professional football career is synonymous with high injury risk. However, international players under the auspices of FIFA and UEFA have better access to comprehensive research and health care. (2) As CTFA does not have this infrastructure, international players within CTFA (KTFF) Süper Lig are attributed unequal status by denying them the healthcare privileges afforded to FIFA players. Structural inequity within international football leaves Yenicami Ağdelen SK players disadvantaged in terms of health care and injury management, leading to injury related anxiety. \ud \ud Conclusion\ud This small study has given a voice to players silenced by a form of epistemic exclusion arising from ‘unrecognised’ status. A psychosocial analysis of the CTFA (KTFF) Süper Lig is necessary, not only to determine the extent of injury anxiety and risk aversion, but to give players agency. \ud \ud References\ud Dotson, K. "Conceptualizing Epistemic Oppression." Social Epistemology 28.2 (2014): 115 -138.\ud FIFA. 2022. 09 Feb 2022. .\ud Rookwood, J. "The Politics of ConIFA: Organising and Managing International Football Events for Unrecognised Countries,." Managing Sport and Leisure 25.2 (2020): 6 -20.
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- 2022
9. County Lines & Criminal Exploitation of UK University Students
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Hall, Bethany, Khan, Roxanne, and Eslea, Mike J
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L437 ,L312 ,L400 ,L433 ,L510 ,L311 ,L410 ,L432 ,L430 - Abstract
This report details findings from FOI requests and questionnaire responses from UK university students, investigating the prevalence of county lines and criminal exploitation within UK university students. All data was collected in March 2022 and April 2022. The project was funded by University of Central Lancashire’s (UCLan) Centre for Criminal Justice Research & Partnerships pump prime funding.
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- 2022
10. 'It’s not you; it’s us!' The relevance of Mental Health Team psychodynamics to the care of Individuals with Complex Emotional Needs
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Michael B Haslam, Sue Ellis, and Marcia Plumridge
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L510 ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,B760 ,B773 ,B700 ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
As the support for trauma-informed approaches and awareness of the power imbalances within the caring relationship are increased, this article proposes that it is time to revisit the issue of team dynamics and their potential impact on responses to individuals with complex emotional needs. Considered through the dual lens of psychodynamic theory and complexity, and using the role of the psychiatric liaison nurse to illustrate points made, it is argued that mental health teams have the potential to experience intense emotions and anxieties that arise from systemic conflict, reflecting the inner experience of individuals to whom they deliver care. Where these anxieties are not contained and remain unresolved, teams may resort to using primary defence mechanisms to protect themselves, potentially leading to invalidating responses and care that is retraumatising. Recommendations to enhance team effectiveness and to mitigate the potential preventable harms that might occur because of team dynamics are discussed.
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- 2022
11. An assets-based intervention before and after birth to improve breastfeeding initiation and continuation: the ABA feasibility RCT
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Joanne Clarke, Fiona Dykes, Kate Jolly, Alice J Sitch, Christine MacArthur, Pat Hoddinott, Gillian Thomson, Tracy E Roberts, Stephan U Dombrowski, Heather Trickey, Debbie Johnson, Max G. Feltham, and Jenny Ingram
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behaviour change theory ,medicine.medical_specialty ,infant feeding ,breastfeeding ,Psychological intervention ,Breastfeeding ,peer support ,Peer support ,maternal health ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,030225 pediatrics ,Intervention (counseling) ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Socioeconomic status ,Pregnancy ,L510 ,business.industry ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,Public health ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,B730 ,medicine.disease ,B712 ,Family medicine ,assets-based approach ,pregnancy ,business - Abstract
Background The UK has low levels of breastfeeding initiation and continuation, with evident socioeconomic disparities. To be inclusive, peer-support interventions should be woman-centred rather than breastfeeding-centred. Assets-based approaches to public health focus on the positive capabilities of individuals and communities, rather than their deficits and problems. The Assets-based feeding help Before and After birth (ABA) intervention offers an assets-based approach based on behaviour change theory. Objective To investigate the feasibility of delivering the ABA infant feeding intervention in a randomised controlled trial. Design This was an individually randomised controlled feasibility trial; women were randomised in a 1 : 1 ratio to either the intervention group or the comparator (usual care) group. Setting Two separate English sites were selected because they had an existing breastfeeding peer support service, relatively high levels of socioeconomic disadvantage and low rates of breastfeeding. Participants Women aged ≥ 16 years who were pregnant with their first child, irrespective of feeding intention (n = 103), were recruited by researchers in antenatal clinics. Interventions Proactive, woman-centred support, using an assets-based approach and including behaviour change techniques, was provided by an infant-feeding helper (a breastfeeding peer supporter trained in the ABA intervention) and delivered through face-to-face contact, telephone conversations and text messages. The intervention commenced at around 30 weeks’ gestation and could continue until 5 months postnatally. Main outcome measures The main outcome measures were feasibility of intervention delivery with the requisite intensity and duration; acceptability to women, infant-feeding helpers and maternity services; and feasibility of a future randomised controlled trial. Outcomes included recruitment rates and follow-up rates at 3 days, 8 weeks and 6 months postnatally, and outcomes for a future full trial were collected via participant questionnaires. A mixed-methods process evaluation included qualitative interviews with women, infant-feeding helpers and maternity services; infant-feeding helper logs; and audio-recordings of antenatal contacts to check intervention fidelity. Results Of the 135 eligible women approached, 103 (76.3%) agreed to participate. The study was successful in recruiting teenagers (8.7%) and women living in areas of socioeconomic disadvantage (37.3% resided in the most deprived 40% of small areas in England). Postnatal follow-up rates were 68.0%, 85.4% and 80.6% at 3 days, 8 weeks and 6 months, respectively. Feeding status at 8 weeks was obtained for 95.1% of participants. Recruitment took place from February 2017 until August 2017. It was possible to recruit and train existing peer supporters to the infant-feeding helper role. The intervention was delivered to most women with relatively high fidelity. Among the 50 women in the intervention group, 39 received antenatal visits and 40 received postnatal support. Qualitative data showed that the intervention was acceptable. There was no evidence of intervention-related harms. Limitations Birth notification delays resulted in delays in the collection of postnatal feeding status data and in the offer of postnatal support. In addition, the intervention needs to better consider all infant-feeding types and did not adequately accommodate women who delivered prematurely. Conclusion It is feasible to deliver the intervention and trial. Future work The intervention should be tested in a fully powered randomised controlled trial. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN14760978. Funding This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Public Health Research programme and will be published in full in Public Health Research; Vol. 8, No. 7. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
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- 2020
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12. Genetic Relatedness, Emotional Closeness and Physical Aggression: A Comparison of Full and Half Sibling Experiences
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Gayle Brewer, John Archer, and Roxanne Khan
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Hamilton’s rule ,Offspring ,conflict ,Closeness ,lcsh:BF1-990 ,050109 social psychology ,sibling violence ,Developmental psychology ,medicine ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Coefficient of relationship ,Parental investment ,General Psychology ,Aggression ,L510 ,05 social sciences ,Research Reports ,Half-sibling ,lcsh:Psychology ,Domestic violence ,Genetic relatedness ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,family violence ,050104 developmental & child psychology ,weapon use - Abstract
Two studies investigated whether perceived closeness of siblings, and aggression between siblings, were associated with genetic relatedness. In following Hamilton’s rule, we predicted that as the coefficient of relatedness between siblings increased, emotional closeness would also increase while conflict would decrease. Contrary to the predictions, we found no effect of genetic relatedness in Study 1 when we compared participants’ (n = 240) ratings of emotional closeness; participants also reported significantly higher levels of conflict with full siblings than with half siblings. In Study 2, participants (n = 214) also reported a higher frequency of physical aggression with full siblings than with half siblings. These findings were contrary to the prediction from Hamilton’s rule. We discuss them in relation to parental investment in biological and non-biological offspring.
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- 2020
13. Health and well-being for all: an approach to accelerating progress to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in countries in the WHO European Region
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Amanda Shriwise, Marleen Bekker, Pia Vracko, Christoph Wippel, Bettina Menne, Stephen Morton, Emilia Aragon de Leon, Nino Mirzikashvili, and Göran Tomson
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Process management ,Process (engineering) ,Health Status ,WASS ,World Health Organization ,03 medical and health sciences ,Politics ,0302 clinical medicine ,Political science ,050602 political science & public administration ,medicine ,Life Science ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Gezondheid en Maatschappij ,Health policy ,Pace ,Sustainable development ,L510 ,Public health ,Corporate governance ,05 social sciences ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Sustainable Development ,0506 political science ,Europe ,Health and Society ,Supplement Papers ,Qualitative research - Abstract
Background Forty-three out of 53 of the WHO European Member States have set up political and institutional mechanisms to implement the United Nations (UN) 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. This includes governance and institutional mechanisms, engaging stakeholders, identifying targets and indicators, setting governmental and sectoral priorities for action and reporting progress regularly. Still, growing evidence suggests that there is room for advancing implementation of some of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and targets at a higher pace in the WHO European Region. This article proposes the E4A approach to support WHO European Member States in their efforts to achieve the health-related SDG targets. Methods The E4A approach was developed through a 2-year, multi-stage process, starting with the endorsement of the SDG Roadmap by all WHO European Member States in 2017. This approach resulted from a mix of qualitative methods: a semi-structured desk review of existing committal documents and tools; in-country policy dialogs, interviews and reports; joint UN missions and discussion among multi-lateral organizations; consultation with an advisory group of academics and health policy experts across countries. Results The E—engage—functions as the driver and pace-maker; the 4 As—assess, align, accelerate and account—serve as building blocks composed of policies, processes, activities and interventions operating in continuous and synchronized action. Each of the building blocks is an essential part of the approach that can be applied across geographic and institutional levels. Conclusion While the E4A approach is being finalized, this article aims to generate debate and input to further refine and test this approach from a public health and user perspective.
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- 2020
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14. Effects of Family-Related Activities on Adolescent Smoking in the United States: Evidence from a Longitudinal Study
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Dana, Amir, Christodoulides, Efstathios, Baniasadi, Tayebeh, and Ghorbani, Saeed
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L510 ,Smoking ,Family activities ,L431 ,Adolescents - Abstract
Background: Worldwide, Smoking is one of the most critical public health issues. On the other hand, different levels of family activity may explain adolescent smoking behaviors. Therefore, this longitudinal study examines the effect of family activities on adolescent Smoking in the United States. Methods: 4966 American adolescents aged 12-18 years are used for analysis between 1980 and 2015. Family process criteria (peer influence, control variables, and Smoking) are used to collect data. Kaplan- Meier survival analysis and logistic regression are used to analyze the data. Results: The results showed that women are less likely to smoke than men. The same is true for blacks as compared to whites. Children separated from the family are 20 percent more likely to smoke, and adolescents with high physical activity levels are less likely to smoke before age 16. Moreover, moderate sport levels reduce the risk of smoking by 15%, so people who are more physically active are less likely to smoke during adolescence, but parental education was not related to smoking. Conclusion: Developing standard programs with adequate education and social reinforcement and the efforts of families and communities to engage in sports activities reduced adolescent smoking.
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- 2022
15. Negotiating organisational blame to foster learning: Professionals’ perspectives about Domestic Homicide Reviews
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Haines‐Delmont, Alina, Bracewell, Kelly, and Chantler, Khatidja
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Domestic Violence ,Wales ,England ,Sociology and Political Science ,L510 ,Negotiating ,Health Policy ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Humans ,Homicide ,Social Sciences (miscellaneous) - Abstract
Domestic Homicide Reviews (DHRs) are a statutory requirement in England and Wales, conducted when somebody aged 16 and over dies from violence, abuse or neglect by a relative, intimate partner or member of the same household. While key aims of DHRs are to identify recommendations and lessons learned to eventually prevent further domestic homicides, there is limited evidence globally regarding the extent to which these are followed up or make a difference. This paper explores the barriers and facilitators to the conduct and impact of DHRs to enhance their learning potential. It is based on nineteen qualitative interviews with professionals involved in the DHR process across five Safeguarding Boards in Wales and fourteen Community Safety Partnerships in the North‐West of England, UK. Findings are presented thematically under four section headings: upskilling and democratising the review process; family and friends’ involvement; negotiating organisational blame to foster learning; and actioning and auditing recommendations. It is suggested that organisational learning cannot be achieved without accepting organisational responsibility, which could be interpreted as blame. The role and skills of the Chair are perceived as key to ensure a safe, evidence‐based, transparent and learning‐focused DHR process. Developing and actioning recommendations may challenge longstanding prejudices. Promoting the role of families/survivor networks and professionals on an equal footing would support a more democratic process. Learning could be enhanced by thematising recommendations and proactively using lessons from one area to inform another. Participants called for appropriate central regulation and accountability to support the action of recommendations.
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- 2022
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16. Moving forwards: Using creative methods for people in prison with care experience
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Baybutt, Michelle and Kelly-Corless, Laura
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L437 ,L510 ,L300 ,L311 - Published
- 2022
17. Vulnerable youth in changing risk environments Figurations of urban youth homelessness in Germany, Denmark and the UK
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Sowa, F, Fahnøe, K, Roy, Alastair Neil, Farrier, Alan, Heinrich, M, and Kronbæk, M
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L510 ,L540 - Abstract
This project asks how the COVID 19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic has affected processes of social exclusion and inclusion for homeless young people. It will advance the understanding of how pandemics shape the risks and accessible welfare resources for young people experiencing homelessness through three international case studies. The knowledge developed in this comparative study will help to improve how social service organizations respond to new or intensified needs of young homeless people.
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- 2021
18. Siblicide: The Psychology of Sibling Homicide
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Roxanne Khan, Inês Carvalho Relva, Geffner, Robert, White, Jacquelyn, Hamberger, L. Kevin, Vieth, Victor, Rosenbaum, Alan, and Vaughan-Eden, Viola
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L312 ,L510 ,Aggression ,Victimology ,Context (language use) ,medicine.disease ,Developmental psychology ,Siblicide ,Homicide ,medicine ,L110 ,Autism ,Domestic violence ,Sibling ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology - Abstract
Siblicide has been overlooked in both the family violence literature and homicide studies. This is unsurprising as sibling abuse research in general has remained on the periphery until recently, and since then has tended to focus on non-lethal conflict, bullying or bi-directional aggression. This chapter examines the available literature to present a comprehensive overview of this poorly understood phenomenon. We report on prevalence rates, the sociodemographic context of offenses and the patterns and dynamics that underpin offender and victim characteristics - including age, birth order, gender, genetic-relatedness, race and cultural collectivism. Individual risk factors such as the influence of psychopathology and substance use are explored, as well the impact of developmental disorders, that is, Autism and Asperger’s syndrome. The chapter will conclude by examining sibling homicide in the context of sociobiological and psychoanalytical perspectives.
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- 2021
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19. Workshop 7 report: Market initiative: Regulatory design, implementation and performance.
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Preston, John and van de Velde, Didier
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This workshop reviewed recent good and bad practice with respect to market initiatives in public transport, with consideration of express coach, rail, local bus and unconventional modes. The options for market-led initiatives, and the associated regulatory requirements, were re-assessed with a new model posited, inspired by the ski-lift industry. It is recommended that more pro-active development (by operators, authorities and third parties) of new measures is required, particularly to permit service coordination and fare, ticketing and information integration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2016
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20. The BiZiFED project: Biofortified zinc flour to eliminate deficiency in Pakistan
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Nicola M Lowe, Martin R. Broadley, Muhammad Usman Ghani Khan, Munir Hussain Zia, Mukhtiar Zaman, Edward J. M. Joy, Harry J. McArdle, and Heather Ohly
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0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Population ,Biofortification ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,biofortification ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Zinc deficiency (plant disorder) ,medicine ,Pakistan ,Economic impact analysis ,education ,2. Zero hunger ,education.field_of_study ,030109 nutrition & dietetics ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,business.industry ,L510 ,Public health ,zinc ,1. No poverty ,Capacity building ,deficiency ,Micronutrient ,Emerging Research ,3. Good health ,Biotechnology ,micronutrients ,Sustainability ,business - Abstract
Zinc deficiency is a global public health problem, affecting ~17% of the world's population, with the greatest burden in low‐ and middle‐income countries. An increasing body of evidence suggests that biofortification may be a cost‐effective and sustainable approach to reducing zinc and other micronutrient deficiencies. Biofortification enhances the nutritional quality of food crops through conventional plant breeding techniques and agronomic practices. This paper presents ongoing research on biofortification in Pakistan, where over 40% of women are zinc deficient. The Biofortified Zinc Flour to Eliminate Deficiency (BiZiFED) project aims to investigate the impact of biofortification as a strategy to alleviate zinc deficiency in Pakistan. The project is supported by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) Global Challenges Research Fund from May 2017 to April 2019. This paper outlines the four objectives and work packages within the BiZiFED project: (1) a double‐blind, randomised controlled trial to examine the effect of consuming flour made from a high zinc variety of biofortified wheat (Zincol‐2016/NR‐421) on dietary zinc intake and status; (2) a cost‐effectiveness study to assess the health and economic impact of agronomic biofortification of wheat; (3) a mixed methods study to explore the cultural acceptability and sustainability of biofortification in Pakistan; (4) capacity building and development of long‐term research partnerships in Pakistan. The findings will contribute to the evidence base for the potential impact of biofortification to alleviate zinc deficiency among the poorest communities.
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- 2019
21. Prevalence of food security in the UK measured by the Food Insecurity Experience Scale
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Mark T Dooris and Ursula Pool
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L700 ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,030309 nutrition & dietetics ,Sample (statistics) ,Logistic regression ,Food Supply ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Environmental health ,Pandemic ,Prevalence ,Humans ,AcademicSubjects/MED00860 ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Pandemics ,0303 health sciences ,Food security ,business.industry ,L510 ,digestive, oral, and skin physiology ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,COVID-19 ,General Medicine ,United Kingdom ,Food insecurity ,Food Insecurity ,Geography ,Socioeconomic Factors ,Agriculture ,Food Security ,Scale (social sciences) ,Original Article ,business - Abstract
Background Measurement of UK food insecurity has historically been inconsistent, making it difficult to understand trends. This study contributes by reporting and analysing data from a national survey conducted in line with UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) recommendations and standard methods, providing an internationally comparable pre-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) snapshot of food insecurity. Methods Data came from a nationally representative 2019 UK sample (N = 2000) surveyed by Ipsos-Mori. Prevalence of food insecurity was assessed using the UN FAO Food Insecurity Experience Scale. Logistic regression was used to model food insecurity in relation to geographic and socio-demographic variables. Results Severe food insecurity was reported by 3% of the sample, an increase of 66.7% over the last directly comparable UK analysis (Gallup World Poll data from 2016 to 2018). Indication of some degree of food insecurity was reported by 14.2% of the sample and tended to be higher amongst younger age groups, those on lower incomes, and home renters (as opposed to owners). No geographic variables were significantly associated with food insecurity prevalence. Conclusions The finding that prevalence of severe food insecurity was already increasing before the COVID-19 pandemic, across all areas of the UK, is cause for concern. Our results provide an important benchmark for assessing the impact of COVID-19 on food insecurity.
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- 2021
22. Standards and innovation: US public/private partnerships to support technology-based economic growth.
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Scott, Troy J. and Scott, John T.
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BUSINESS partnerships ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,ECONOMIC development ,BUSINESS expansion ,RESEARCH & development ,EXTERNALITIES - Abstract
This paper examines how strategic alliances to create and use standards affect economic growth and development. The explanation of the link from standards to economic growth and development is through the effects of standards on the incentives to perform industrial research and development (R&D). We examine product standards, metrology traceable to national and international standards, and regulatory standards to address negative externalities. The paper develops a theoretical explanation for the link from standards to growth, survey/interview-guides to gather information from industrial R&D experts about the explanation, and case-study evidence about the explanation. We discuss the standard-setting process and explain that it entails strategic alliances among firms and with government involvement. Case studies of R&D projects in firms and in a national laboratory support the belief that standards implemented via strategic alliances leverage economic growth and development. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
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- 2015
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23. Future city visions. The energy transition towards carbon-neutrality: lessons learned from the case of Roeselare, Belgium
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Simone Bastianoni, Siebe Broersma, Greg Keeffe, Riccardo Pulselli, Craig Martin, and Andy van den Dobbelsteen
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H221 ,020209 energy ,Greenhouse gas inventory ,02 engineering and technology ,Energy transition ,Decarbonisation strategy ,SDG 13 - Climate Action ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,SDG 7 - Affordable and Clean Energy ,K210 ,L100 ,SDG 2 - Zero Hunger ,Environmental planning ,L360 ,Carbon accounting ,L510 ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Roadshow ,Circular economy ,Urban design ,SDG 8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth ,Energy potential map ,Sustainable city ,SDG 11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities ,Carbon neutrality ,Sustainability ,K460 ,K440 ,Business ,SDG 12 - Responsible Consumption and Production ,Energy source - Abstract
As climate change develops, with most of the world population living in urban areas, decarbonisation of cities is among the greatest challenges of the coming decades. In the framework of the EU City-zen project, a number of so-called Roadshows has been organised in ten cities within and outside Europe in order to plan and kick-off their transition towards an energy- and climate-neutral economy. During the Roadshows, a group of experts is engaged to perform co-working activities and participative labs involving local stakeholders. These activities support cities in identifying their own decarbonisation pathways, mainly by combining three mutual processes, i.e. energy design, urban design and carbon accounting. The latter, in particular, has been used to quantify the greenhouse gas emissions of cities and neighbourhoods and to estimate the mitigation effect of a combination of measures towards the desirable condition of carbon neutrality. This exploratory and proactive design process has been successfully demonstrated through intensive workshops and can be potentially replicated in other cities. This paper provides a schematic overview of the main results achieved in the Belgian town of Roeselare, but more significantly it describes the techniques needed to make that cooperative process understandable, impactful and implementable. It is likely that 2050 European goals will drastically change urban environments and socio-economic dynamics in cities, due to the fragmentation of energy sources. Hence, from this standpoint there is a vital need for integrated technologies and infrastructures, a circular economy and community-based processes such as food production, sharing of facilities and valorisation of ecosystem services. The City-zen Roeselare Roadshow brought over 300 stakeholders into the process of re-imagining and visualising their 2050 future city with these solutions. Stakeholders, with no particular expertise in carbon accounting or sustainability, would now have the capability of understanding and applying these solutions in a combined effort to meet the zero-carbon challenge. The approach is generally replicable elsewhere being highly visual, impactful, transferable, and multi-stakeholder friendly. Given that data are made locally available, the combination of this general approach, site-specific assessments and the involvement of both experts and local stakeholders (i.e. policy makers, citizens, etc) allow the transition to start by referring to any real city or neighbourhood.
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- 2021
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24. ‘It’s my back…’; developing the coming to spinal clinic resource to improve the health literacy of young people with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and their parents
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Lucy Bray, Catherine Wilkinson, Colin Bruce, Neil Davidson, Candice Satchwell, and Bernie Carter
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RJ ,L510 ,L520 ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,LB1603 ,Pediatrics - Abstract
This study focussed on identifying the key concerns and information needs of young people with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) and their parents and examined what resources might help improve young people’s ‘participativeness’ and health literacy during clinic consultations. A qualitative participatory design underpinned the study. Workshops involving multiple methods were used to engage with young people with AIS and their parents, who were recruited through a regional children’s hospital. The study design was informed by patient and public consultation with eight young people and two parents. 10 young people (aged 14–16 years) and 11 of their parents participated in the study. Young people and their parents reported uncertainty and anxiety before coming to clinic and faced issues participating in the consultation, being involved in decision-making and understanding the information and language. These challenges resulted in unmet information needs. Young people’s health literacy relating to an AIS diagnosis and treatment is facilitated by them being prepared and informed before coming to clinic and be actively supported to be involved during the consultation. We collaboratively developed the ‘Coming to Spinal Clinic’ resource to help young people with AIS and parents prepare for and get the most out of their visit.
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- 2022
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25. Health and well-being harms experienced by adult victims of interpersonal violence\ud a scoping review protocol
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Andrew Clegg, Rebecca Nowland, Lucy Hives, Philippa Olive, Neil Wilson, Cook, Julie, Jassat, Raeesa, Spencer, Joseph, Boland, Paul, and Christian, Danielle
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Inclusion (disability rights) ,L510 ,MEDLINE ,B990 ,Secondary research ,CINAHL ,PsycINFO ,Cochrane Library ,Mental health ,Well-being ,medicine ,L990 ,Psychiatry ,Psychology ,General Nursing - Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this scoping review is to identify the extent of research exploring the health and well-being harms experienced by adult victims of different types of interpersonal violence. INTRODUCTION Interpersonal violence is defined as violence between individuals. It can take many forms and may be physical, sexual, psychological, coercive, or deprivational in nature. Health and well-being harms from being subject to interpersonal violence are common and often endure. Interpersonal violence may cause physical injury, often has mental health impacts, and is associated with greater risk for long-term medical conditions. Though a substantial body of research of health and well-being harms of different types of interpersonal violence exists, to date this has not been collated and mapped; this scoping review will address this gap. INCLUSION CRITERIA Peer-reviewed primary and secondary research studies, from 2000 to 2019 (in English) that address the negative effects of interpersonal violence on the health and well-being of adult victims will be included. Studies of group violence, military veterans, and violence as acts of war will be excluded. METHODS Six electronic databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL Complete, Embase, PsycINFO, SocINDEX and Cochrane Library) and web sources of specialist gray literature will be searched. Screening and data extraction will be assessed by independent researcher verification processes. Relevant studies and their characteristics will be summarized using a pre-designed data extraction form. Further data synthesis will be undertaken to produce a coherent and comprehensive map of research in the field, identify gaps, and inform priorities for future directions of research and innovation.
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- 2020
26. Biofortification of wheat with zinc for eliminating deficiency in Pakistan: Study protocol for a cluster-randomised, double-blind, controlled effectiveness study (BIZIFED2)
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Munir Hussain Zia, Muhammad Jaffar Khan, Nicola M Lowe, Edward J. M. Joy, Martin R. Broadley, E. Louise Ander, Elizabeth H. Bailey, Usman Mahboob, Victoria Hall Moran, Phillip A. Sharp, Mukhtiar Zaman, Heather Ohly, Jonathan Kenneth Sinclair, Sadia Fatima, Scott D. Young, and R. Murray Lark
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Adolescent ,Flour ,Wheat flour ,Biofortification ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Zinc ,Global Health ,law.invention ,iron ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,agronomic biofortification ,Environmental health ,wheat ,Medicine ,Humans ,Pakistan ,Child ,Triticum ,Aged ,Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ,Protocol (science) ,zinc status ,business.industry ,L510 ,zinc ,Infant ,General Medicine ,Anthropometry ,Micronutrient ,chemistry ,Child, Preschool ,Female ,business - Abstract
IntroductionMicronutrient deficiencies, commonly referred to as ‘hidden hunger’, affect more than two billion people worldwide, with zinc and iron-deficiency frequently reported. The aim of this study is to examine the impact of consuming zinc biofortified flour (Zincol-2016) on biochemical and functional measures of status in adolescent girls and children living in a low-resource setting in Pakistan.Methods and analysisWe are conducting a pragmatic, cluster-randomised, double-blind, controlled trial. A total of 482 households have been recruited from two catchment areas approximately 30–40 km distance from Peshawar. Household inclusion criteria are the presence of both an adolescent girl, aged 10–16 years, and a child aged 1–5 years. The study duration is 12 months, divided into two 6-month phases. During phase 1, all households will be provided with locally procured flour from standard varieties of wheat. During phase 2, clusters will be paired, and randomised to either the control or intervention arm of the study. The intervention arm will be provided with zinc biofortified wheat flour, with a target zinc concentration of 40 mg/kg. The control arm will be provided with locally procured wheat flour from standard varieties with an expected zinc concentration of 20 mg/kg. The primary outcome measure is plasma zinc concentration. Secondary outcomes include anthropometric measurements, biomarkers of iron and zinc status, and the presence and duration of respiratory tract infections and diarrhoea.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was granted from the University of Central Lancashire STEMH Ethics Committee (reference number: STEMH 1014) and Khyber Medical University Ethics Committee (DIR/KMU-EB/BZ/000683). The final study methods will be published in peer-reviewed journals, alongside the study outcomes. In addition, findings will be disseminated to the scientific community via conference presentations and abstracts and communicated to the study participants through the village elders at an appropriate community forum.Trial registration numberISRCTN17107812; Pre-results.
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- 2020
27. Site-Specific Factors Influence the Field Performance of a Zn-Biofortified Wheat Variety
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Lolita Wilson, R. Murray Lark, Martin R. Broadley, Nicola M Lowe, Munir Hussain Zia, Edward J. M. Joy, Elizabeth H. Bailey, Iftikhar Ahmed, Mukhtiar Zaman, and Scott D. Young
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genotype ,Biofortification ,Randomized block design ,chemistry.chemical_element ,lcsh:TX341-641 ,Zinc ,Horticulture ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,engineering.material ,Biology ,biofortification ,Crop ,Global and Planetary Change ,Cadmium ,lcsh:TP368-456 ,Ecology ,L510 ,cadmium (Cd) ,Sowing ,calcium (Ca) ,lcsh:Food processing and manufacture ,chemistry ,Agronomy ,Biofortified Crops ,engineering ,Fertilizer ,G×E×M ,environment ,lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Food Science - Abstract
© Copyright © 2020 Zia, Ahmed, Bailey, Lark, Young, Lowe, Joy, Wilson, Zaman and Broadley. Background: Biofortification of wheat with zinc (Zn) through breeding and agronomy can reduce Zn deficiencies and improve human health. “High-Zn” wheat varieties have been released in India and Pakistan, where wheat is consumed widely as a dietary staple. The aim of this study was to quantify the potential contribution of a “high-Zn” wheat variety (Triticum aestivum L. var. Zincol-2016) and Zn fertilizers to improving dietary Zn supply under field conditions in Pakistan. Methods: Grain Zn concentration of Zincol-2016 and local reference varieties were determined at three sites of contrasting soil Zn status: Faisalabad (Punjab Province; diethylenetriamine pentaacetate- (DTPA-)extractable Zn, 1.31 mg kg−1 soil; gross plot size 13.3 m2; n = 4; reference var. Faisalabad-2008), Islamabad (Capital Territory; 0.48 mg kg−1; 4.6 m2; n = 5; reference var. NARC-2011), and Pir Sabak (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, KPK, Province; 0.12 mg kg−1 soil; 9.1 m2; n = 4; reference vars. Pirsabak-2015, Wadhan-2017). Eight Zn fertilizer treatment levels were tested using a randomized complete block design: control; soil (5 or 10 kg ha−1 ZnSO4.H2O; 33% Zn applied at sowing); foliar (0.79 or 1.58 kg of ZnSO4.H2O ha−1 applied as a 250 L ha−1 drench at crop booting stage); three soil × foliar combinations. Results: At the Faisalabad site, the grain Zn concentration of Zincol-2016 was greater than Faisalabad-2008, with no yield penalty. Zincol-2016 did not have larger grain Zn concentrations than reference varieties used at Islamabad or Pir Sabak sites, which both had a lower soil Zn status than the Faisalabad site. Foliar Zn fertilization increased grain Zn concentration of all varieties at all sites. There were no significant effects of soil Zn fertilizers, or variety·fertilizer interactions, on grain Zn concentration or yield. Conclusions: Environment and management affect the performance of “high-Zn” wheat varieties, and these factors needs to be evaluated at scale to assess the potential nutritional impact of Zn biofortified crops. Designing studies to detect realistic effect sizes for new varieties and crop management strategies is therefore an important consideration. The current study indicated that nine replicate plots would be needed to achieve 80% power to detect a 25% increase in grain Zn concentration.
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- 2020
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28. Improving the Interprofessional Practice, Knowledge, and Skills of Health Professions Students through an Interactive Course in Gerontology
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Mary Allias, Paula Leslie, Susan J. Skledar, Victoria Hornyak, Kylea Covaleski, Elizabeth A. Mulvaney, Julie Klinger, Rhaven Nelson, Rachel Jantea, Catherine Grant, Pamela Toto, and Rollin M. Wright
- Subjects
Occupational therapy ,Program evaluation ,medicine.medical_specialty ,020205 medical informatics ,Sociology and Political Science ,media_common.quotation_subject ,education ,lcsh:HM401-1281 ,02 engineering and technology ,Experiential learning ,B920 ,Education ,interprofessional education, geriatrics, competency ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Health care ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,medicine ,ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION ,030212 general & internal medicine ,media_common ,Geriatrics ,Medical education ,Teamwork ,Social work ,business.industry ,L510 ,lcsh:Human settlements. Communities ,lcsh:HT51-65 ,Interprofessional education ,lcsh:Sociology (General) ,business ,Psychology ,Social Sciences (miscellaneous) - Abstract
Interprofessional, collaborative health care is the ideal standard in geriatrics. Students’ interprofessional practice skills are limited in typical siloed education. An experiential, team-based geriatrics course was designed to improve health professions (HP) students’ knowledge, skills, and attitudes about interprofessional practice. Students (n=209) from dentistry, medicine, nursing, nutrition, occupational therapy, pharmacy, physician assistant, social work, and speech-language pathology were assigned to interprofessional (IP) and medical-student only teams. The Interprofessional Collaborative Competency Attainment Survey-Revised (ICCAS-R) was administered pre- and post-course, along with program evaluations. Seventy percent of students completed both pre- and post-surveys. ICCAS-R scores were analyzed comparing the impact of training for medical students (n=78) on IP teams and remaining HP students (n=58). Students rated themselves as improved on all six ICCAS-R subscales (paired t-tests, p < 0.05). Sixty-nine percent rated themselves as better able to collaborate interprofessionally. A competitive team-based learning exercise using gamification was rated as the most authentic skill-building interprofessional activity. Experiential learning where students worked with the same team helped to build interprofessional and teamwork skills. Findings will be used to improve authenticity of the clinical and teamwork content, increase the use of gamification as a teaching technique, and refine students’ practice of IP teamwork competencies.
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- 2020
29. COVID-19 as a global challenge: towards an inclusive and sustainable future
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Neelam Raina, Jaideep Gupte, Laura Hammond, Helen Lambert, Tahrat Shahid, Helen A. Fletcher, Kelsey Shanks, Mark Pelling, and Nicola M Lowe
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Health (social science) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Pneumonia, Viral ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Health(social science) ,03 medical and health sciences ,Betacoronavirus ,0302 clinical medicine ,Political science ,Development economics ,Global health ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Pandemics ,Health policy ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,media_common ,Sustainable development ,L510 ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Public health ,Health Policy ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,COVID-19 ,Covid19 ,Sustainable Development ,Forced migration ,Sustainability ,Food systems ,Psychological resilience ,L431 ,Public Health ,Coronavirus Infections - Abstract
COVID-19 is a global challenge that demands researchers, policy makers, and governments address multiple dimensions which go far beyond the implications of this pandemic for health and wellbeing. Just as the UN Sustainable Development Goals call for focus on the connections between development policy sectors, the pandemic has exposed the complex global interdependencies that underpin economies and highlighted fault lines in societal structures that perpetuate ethnic, economic, social, and gender inequalities. Here, we highlight the pandemic's emerging potential consequences for achieving sustainable development with respect to the six global challenge areas we collectively address at the UK Research and Innovation's Global Challenges Research Fund:1 food systems; education; cities and sustainable infrastructure; security, protracted conflict, refugee crises, and forced displacement; environmental resilience; and global health. As the immediate health consequences of the pandemic unfold and begin to be superseded by the impact of public health containment measures, we call for a refocusing of research and action not only to mitigate these impacts but to build sustainability and strengthened resilience into future recovery.
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- 2020
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30. Exploring community perceptions in preparation for a randomised controlled trial of biofortified flour in Pakistan
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Victoria Hall Moran, Heather Ohly, Usman Mahboob, Mukhtiar Zaman, Edward J. M. Joy, and Nicola M Lowe
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Iron ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Qualitative property ,Community ,Formative assessment ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Environmental health ,Formative ,Pakistan ,030212 general & internal medicine ,lcsh:R5-920 ,L510 ,Research ,Staple food ,D610 ,Focus group ,Local community ,Zinc ,Incentive ,Deficiency ,Implementation research ,Thematic analysis ,lcsh:Medicine (General) ,Psychology ,Qualitative ,Biofortification ,Adolescent girls ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Background Biofortification of staple food crops may be a cost-effective and sustainable approach to reducing micronutrient deficiencies in resource-poor settings with low dietary diversity. However, its success depends on uptake by the local population. This paper presents formative research conducted in a remote, rural community in North West Pakistan, prior to commencing a randomised controlled trial to test the effectiveness of consuming zinc-biofortified wheat flour for alleviating zinc deficiency. It explored local community members’ knowledge, understanding and attitudes towards biofortification and views on members of their community taking part in the trial. Methods Four focus group discussions were conducted with male and female community members (separately for cultural reasons) and four in-depth interviews were conducted with Jirga members—respected male elders. Participation was limited to households that were ineligible for the trial so that we could explore the perspectives of community members who were not influenced by the incentives of the trial. Focus group participants were selected at community events for transparency. Data collection took place at the local school and homes of Jirga members. Thematic analysis was undertaken, using a combination of deductive and inductive approaches to identify key themes. Results A total of 47 men and women participated in this study. Participants reported clear motivation to access and consume more nutritious flour, believing this would bring health benefits, particularly to women and children. Trusted members of the local community, including Jirga members and female health workers, should be involved in providing information on biofortified flour (and the trial) to increase levels of awareness and acceptance. Without their involvement, there is a risk that biofortified flour would be mistrusted. The cost of flour is the main factor affecting purchasing decisions, and biofortified flour will need to be cost-competitive to achieve widespread uptake in marginalised, rural communities. Conclusion This formative study generated rich, qualitative data from a range of community stakeholders to improve the understanding of important barriers and facilitators to the widespread acceptability and adoption of biofortified wheat. Implementation research such as this will inform future decision-making in relation to scaling up biofortified wheat in Pakistan.
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- 2020
31. Urgent Response to COVID-19. Harmful Traditional Practices in the Workplace: GUIDANCE FOR BEST PRACTICE
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Khan, Roxanne
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L510 ,L431 - Abstract
The first two-weeks of the COVID-19 lockdown saw an alarming global surge in domestic abuse reports. In multiple incidents across the UK, 9 women and children were murdered by a family member. Hidden in these figures are incidents of ‘honour’ abuse and other forms of domestic violence commonly referred to as ‘harmful traditional practices’.\ud \ud We urge organisations across the UK to take clear and direct action to support employees at risk of all forms of domestic harm during the COVID-19 lockdown in a way that is inclusive, and recognises and respects the cultural and ethnic diversity of their workforce.\ud \ud We have published this urgent response to COVID-19 to help organisations safeguard their employees effectively. Our recommendations are practical measures to support employees, working remotely during the coronavirus pandemic, who may be affected by ‘honour’ abuse and other forms of domestic violence.
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- 2020
32. Harmful Traditional Practices in the Workplace: Guidance for Best Practice
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Khan, Roxanne, Hall, Beth, Hussein, Leyla, Campbell, Gerry, Jaspal, Rusi, Afzal, Nazir, Khan, Yasmin, Goode, Caroline, Hashmat, Shaheen, Roberts, Karl, Dias, Dexter, Morris, Paul, and Robinson, David
- Subjects
L510 ,L431 - Abstract
This guidance raises awareness of harmful traditional practices (HTPs) to help organisations address this hidden form of abuse. The guidance is divided into three main sections, each with an introduction followed by five recommendations. \ud \ud Section i. Environment. Explores cultural competency, diversity and inclusion, and other initiatives to help organisations support people affected by HTPs. \ud Section ii. Education. Suggests specific training and other ways to raise organisational awareness to improve understanding and address the stigma surrounding HTPs. \ud Section iii. Empowerment. Identifies ways to empower people working in, or associated with, an organisation to talk more openly about issues that affect them, including workplace champions and innovative methods to improve communication.\ud \ud This is followed by a list of 10 practical steps for organisations to take if someone in the workplace discloses that they are a victim or survivor of harmful traditional practices, including honour abuse, forced marriage and female genital mutilation (FGM).\ud \ud Our recommendations are based on a Rapid Evidence Review of the most up-to-date research, and consultation with a select expert advisory panel who have extensive academic and working knowledge of HTPs. Designed to inform all public, private, and third sector organisations, of any size. This guidance is also helpful for professionals working with vulnerable children and adults.
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- 2020
33. Violence exposure and young people’s vulnerability, mental and physical health
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Karen Whittaker, Philippa Olive, Naseerah Akooji, and Andrew Clarke
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Domestic Violence ,Health (social science) ,Adolescent ,Health Status ,Population ,Vulnerability ,Poison control ,Suicide prevention ,Vulnerable Populations ,Occupational safety and health ,Peer Group ,B700 ,B713 ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Environmental health ,Injury prevention ,medicine ,Odds Ratio ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,L320 ,education ,Students ,Exposure to Violence ,education.field_of_study ,030505 public health ,L312 ,L510 ,Public health ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,B730 ,Logistic Models ,Mental Health ,England ,Socioeconomic Factors ,Domestic violence ,Female ,L530 ,X330 ,0305 other medical science ,Psychology - Abstract
Objectives\ud To analyse the impact of being affected by domestic and/or relationship violence in early adolescence on indicators of health and wellbeing. \ud \ud Methods \ud Secondary data analysis of a cross-sectional survey of 13-14 year-old pupils attending schools in north-west England; with variables relating to vulnerability, violence, mental and physical health. The sample of 9,626 represented 71% of the eligible population. Chi-squared tests and logistic regression were used to analyse demographic exposure to violence and outcomes.\ud \ud Results \ud Pupils affected by domestic and/or relationship violence had significantly worse outcomes and experiences than non-affected peers. Odds ratios demonstrated higher risks of being lonely, being bullied or having deliberately self-harmed. They were also more likely to report an enduring health condition, poorer health practices and worse access to and experiences of health services.\ud \ud Conclusions \ud Exposure to violence in domestic and/or relationships is detrimental to children and young people’s mental and physical health and vulnerability. Health risks and inequalities reported by CYP in this study provide compelling intelligence for renewed strategic policy level consideration in the design and delivery of young peoples’ health services.
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- 2020
34. The impact of Vicarious Trauma on Indigenous health researchers
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Eades, Anne-Marie, Hackett, Maree, Raven, Margaret, Liu, Hueiming, and Cass, Alan
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L510 - Abstract
Objective(s):\ud To describe and reflect on an Indigenous researcher’s experience of vicarious trauma arising from a qualitative study of Indigenous women with chronic disease.\ud \ud Design:\ud In-depth semi-structured interviews with thematic analysis were under-taken to explore the psychosocial factors experienced by Indigenous women as they managed their chronic disease. As part of the research process, reflecting on the experience of an Indigenous research team member, an Indigenous woman’s standpoint theoretical approach was adopted to frame discussion of the potential impact of vicarious trauma.\ud \ud Setting:\ud Interviews were conducted with participants from four Aboriginal Medical Services from urban, rural and remote Australia. Analysis of the interviews, and reflection regarding the researcher’s experiences, occurred within the context of a multi-disciplinary team. \ud \ud Participants:\ud Participant selection for the interview study was purposive. Seventy-two participants were selected for this study. The duration of the study was two years and was undertaken between March and December 2014, and finalised in December 2016.\ud \ud Results:\ud n exploring how Indigenous women managed their own health and wellbeing, compelling stories of trauma, domestic violence and generational incarceration were shared with the researcher. Hearing and re-living some of these overwhelming experiences left her feeling iisolated and distressed. These compelling stories contributed to her experience of vicarious trauma.\ud \ud Conclusion:\ud When Indigenous researchers conduct research in Indigenous communities, we should monitor, prepare for and provide appropriate care and support to researchers to address the potential for vicarious trauma. These considerations are paramount if we are to build the capacity of Indigenous and non-Indigenous researchers to conduct Indigenous health research.
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- 2020
35. Designing the Future to Predict the Future: An ‘urban-first’ approach to co-creating zero-carbon neighbourhoods
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Jenkins, A.J., Martin, Craig, Keeffe, Greg, Broersma, Siebe, Dobbelsteen, Andy van den, and Pulselli, Riccardo
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Carbon accounting ,H221 ,Energy ,Wellbeing ,L510 ,Co-creation ,Transport ,Zero-carbon ,Stakeholders ,Food ,Health ,Architecture ,K460 ,Urbanism ,K440 ,K210 ,L100 ,L360 - Abstract
The natural ecotone between people, community and carbon reduction is the zero-carbon community. Over recent decades, the design of zero-carbon communities has focussed too greatly on carbon emissions and not enough on building communities. Anthropogenic climate change is a human problem, yet people are seldom placed at the centre of design solutions. The City-zen Roadshow is an intensive co-creational approach to creating zero-carbon communities, which places stakeholders at the very centre of the design process. The methodology uses an ‘urban-first’ approach and champions urban design as the main driver to deliver change. Carbon accounting and energy analysis sit in adjacency with the urban design proposals to deliver interventions that are net zero-carbon, low energy, low waste, socially rich, ecologically diverse, economically robust, resilient, fit for purpose and engaging. The paper describes this novel approach using one roadshow as a case study to illustrate the urban interventions proposed. Living in zero-carbon communities is not just about photovoltaic panels and wind turbines. It is, instead, about thinking differently about the way in which people live and the decisions they make, to provide people with alternative ways of living that are more desirable than those currently available.
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- 2020
36. Anarchism and Health
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Scott, Niall William richard
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Health (social science) ,Social Values ,media_common.quotation_subject ,V590 ,0603 philosophy, ethics and religion ,Power (social and political) ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,State (polity) ,Social Justice ,Political science ,Health care ,Humans ,Mainstream ,Bioethical Issues ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Health policy ,media_common ,Political Systems ,L510 ,business.industry ,Health Policy ,Environmental ethics ,06 humanities and the arts ,Bioethics ,Solidarity ,B900 ,Issues, ethics and legal aspects ,Personal Autonomy ,L431 ,060301 applied ethics ,L210 ,Ethical Theory ,business ,Delivery of Health Care ,Autonomy - Abstract
This article looks at what anarchism has to offer in debates concerning health and healthcare. I present the case that anarchism’s interest in supporting the poor, sick, and marginalized, and rejection of state and corporate power, places it in a good position to offer creative ways to address health problems. I maintain that anarchistic values of autonomy, responsibility, solidarity, and community are central to this endeavor. Rather than presenting a case that follows one particular anarchist theory, my main goal is to raise issues and initiate debate in this underresearched field in mainstream bioethics.
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- 2018
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37. The variations in religious and legal understandings on halal slaughter
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Chandia, Mahmood and Soon, Jan Mei
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Value (ethics) ,Religious values ,Meat packing industry ,L510 ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,0402 animal and dairy science ,Environmental ethics ,Islam ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,D632 ,Animal slaughter ,040401 food science ,040201 dairy & animal science ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,Economy ,Originality ,Animal welfare ,Business, Management and Accounting (miscellaneous) ,Medicine ,business ,Welfare ,Food Science ,media_common - Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of different understandings regarding the concept of “what constitutes halal” and “who determines this concept?” In practice, this equates to contemporary legal understandings vs religious understandings. The paper further aims to provide an overview of competing Muslim understandings regarding the concept of “What does or does not constitute halal slaughter?” In practice, this equates to evaluating the application of no stunning at all upon an animal (unanimous acceptance) vs the application of reversible stunning upon an animal (contested). Design/methodology/approach The study includes a review of prior literature and considers the current scenario of the halal poultry trade and raises important questions regarding Islamic dietary practices, halal food integrity, religious and animal welfare understandings. Three key questions were raised: “To what extent does stunning impact halal slaughter?”; “Who determines what is halal slaughter?”; and “What are the variations and tensions between legal and religious understandings of halal slaughter?”. Findings The examination of such requirements and concomitant consumer and provider expectations is underpinned by a study of an operational framework, i.e. industry practices with poultry (hand slaughter, stunning, mechanical slaughter, etc.), ethical values and market forces to appraise whether there is a point of convergence for these that can be beneficial for both seller and consumer concerns. This paper has considered different perspectives on the religious slaughter and provided an overview of competing understandings regarding the above concepts. Originality/value This study although academic and philosophical in nature, raises questions on route to suggesting future research directions. It provides real value in stimulating more research in the area of halal food production and contributes to the understanding of different slaughter requirements for religious slaughter and the meat industry. It further sheds light on not only the religious and secular legal frameworks on animal slaughter and welfare but also the variations in understanding between them and provides examples of attempts to bridge any gap. The paper highlights the importance of halal food based on religious values and its implications for wider society.
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- 2018
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38. Return to driving after a diagnosis of epilepsy: A prospective registry study
- Author
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Maree L. Hackett, Ernest Somerville, Carol Ireland, Ying Xu, Nick Glozier, Craig S. Anderson, Armin Nikpour, and Andrew Bleasel
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Adult ,Male ,Automobile Driving ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pediatrics ,Time Factors ,Pilot Projects ,Logistic regression ,03 medical and health sciences ,Epilepsy ,0302 clinical medicine ,Epidemiology ,medicine ,Humans ,Prospective Studies ,Registries ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Socioeconomic status ,Statistic ,L510 ,business.industry ,Public health ,Odds ratio ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Confidence interval ,3. Good health ,Socioeconomic Factors ,Neurology ,Female ,L431 ,Neurology (clinical) ,New South Wales ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Summary\ud \ud Objective\ud To determine the frequency and predictors of return to driving within 1 year after a diagnosis of epilepsy.\ud \ud Methods\ud SEISMIC (the Sydney Epilepsy Incidence Study to Measure Illness Consequences) was a prospective, multicenter, community-wide study of people of all ages with newly diagnosed epilepsy in Sydney, Australia. Demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical characteristics and driving status were obtained as soon as possible after baseline registration with a diagnosis of epilepsy. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine predictors of return to driving at 12-month follow-up.\ud \ud Results\ud Among 181 (76%) adult participants (≥18 years old) who reported driving before an epilepsy diagnosis, 152 provided information on driving at 12 months, of whom 118 (78%) had returned to driving. Driving for reasons of getting to work or place of education (odds ratio [OR] = 4.70, 95% confidence intervals [CI] = 1.87-11.86), no seizure recurrence (OR = 5.15, 95% CI = 2.07-12.82), and being on no or a single antiepileptic drug (OR = 4.54, 95% CI = 1.45-14.22) were associated with return to driving (C statistic = 0.79). More than half of participants with recurrent seizures were driving at follow-up.\ud \ud Significance\ud Early return to driving after a diagnosis of epilepsy is related to work/social imperatives and control of seizures, but many people with recurrent seizures continue to drive. Further efforts are required to implement driving restriction policies and to provide transport options for people with epilepsy.
- Published
- 2018
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39. Organic agricultural products in Europe and USA
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Violetta Skrodzka
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Organic product ,lcsh:Personnel management. Employment management ,Distribution (economics) ,01 natural sciences ,Agricultural economics ,research on organic food ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Order (exchange) ,030212 general & internal medicine ,ecological products standards in the EU and US ,Scope (project management) ,L510 ,business.industry ,lcsh:HF5549-5549.5 ,organic products ,Product (business) ,Q020 ,Agriculture ,Organic farming ,Food systems ,Q500 ,Business ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
In the most developed countries of Western Europe and North America, the share of organic farming in the food market is between 2% and 6%. The share of organic products on the Polish food market is only 0.33% (Dryjańska E. 2017). The aim of this article is to compare organic agricultural products in the US and EU. The scope of the comparison was covered by the legal regulations for organic production in the mentioned regions and the availability of organic products for customers. In order to highlight differences between the organic product and their traditional counterpart, selected meta-analyzes were conducted by authors in the field of medical and natural sciences. The possibilities of buying organic products are described on the basis of personal experiences of the author as a consumer. The offer of organic products was analyzed on the example of one European country (Poland) and the example of several states of America (Colorado, Virginia, New York). The rules for producing organic food in the US are more rigorous than in the EU. The offer of organic and conventional food targeted to the American consumer is comparable. Although Polish consumers have a positive perception of organic food, its supply is significantly different from the US market. The main differences are in distribution channels, product range, price and visual design of organic products.
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- 2017
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40. Involving the headteacher in the development of school-based health interventions: A mixed-methods outcome and process evaluation using the RE-AIM framework
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Danielle Christian, Charlotte Todd, Sinead Brophy, Gareth Stratton, Jaynie Rance, Kelly A. Mackintosh, and Frances Rapport
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Male ,Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ,Health Behavior ,Psychological intervention ,Social Sciences ,Outcome (game theory) ,Families ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cognition ,Sociology ,School Nursing ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Psychology ,Public and Occupational Health ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Child ,Children ,media_common ,Multidisciplinary ,Schools ,L510 ,Child Health ,Faculty ,Sports Science ,Professions ,Medicine ,Engineering and Technology ,Female ,Autonomy ,Research Article ,Sports ,Science ,media_common.quotation_subject ,education ,Decision Making ,Equipment ,Health Promotion ,Education ,School nursing ,03 medical and health sciences ,Intervention (counseling) ,Humans ,Curriculum ,Exercise ,School Health Services ,Medical education ,Behavior ,Cognitive Psychology ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Teachers ,030229 sport sciences ,Physical Activity ,Focus group ,B910 ,Health promotion ,Age Groups ,People and Places ,Recreation ,Cognitive Science ,Population Groupings ,School Teachers ,Neuroscience - Abstract
Although interventions delivered in school settings have the potential to improve children’s health and well-being, the implementation of effective interventions in schools presents challenges. Previous research suggests facilitating greater autonomy for schools to select interventions aligned to their needs could improve implementation and maintenance. The aim of this mixed-methods outcome and process evaluation was to explore whether involving headteachers in the developmental stages of health interventions influenced adoption, effectiveness (e.g. pupil fitness and physical activity, assessed quantitatively), implementation and maintenance (assessed quantitatively and qualitatively).\ud Three UK primary schools were provided with a choice of five evidence-based physical activity interventions: Playground scrapstore, daily classroom refreshers, alternative afterschool clubs, parent and child afterschool activities and an ‘In the Zone’ playground intervention. To evaluate the impact of this autonomous approach, semi-structured interviews with headteachers (n=3), teachers (n=3), and a private coach, and focus groups with pupils aged 9-11 (n=6, 31 pupils, 15 boys), were undertaken. This was alongside an outcome and process evaluation, guided by the RE-AIM framework. This study assessed the impacts on adoption, implementation and maintenance of the autonomous approach and the effect on physical activity (seven day accelerometry – GENEActiv) and aerobic fitness (20m shuttle run). \ud All three schools adopted different intervention components; alternative afterschool clubs, parent and child afterschool activities and daily classroom refreshers. Headteachers welcomed greater autonomy in developing school-based interventions and appreciated the more collaborative approach. Mixed results were reported for the effectiveness, implementation and maintenance of the interventions adopted. Allowing pupils choice and promoting a positive school environment were key factors for enhancing engagement. Moreover, promoting inclusive physical activity projects with a consideration of existing curriculum pressures aided implementation. This mixed-methods study provides valuable insights about autonomous approaches to inform further development, implementation and maintenance for future interventions.
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- 2019
41. Research Stories: Both a technological and a societal challenge
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Martin, Craig, Dobbelsteen, Andy, Pieters, Jo, Keeffe, Greg, Montemayor, Javier, and Janssen, Astrid
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H221 ,L510 ,K460 ,K440 ,K210 ,L100 ,L360 - Abstract
To create energy-neutral cities, we need to fundamentally change how we live in our cities. The City-zen Roadshow helps to understand that it is necessary to look at sustainability from both a technological and a societal perspective. The tenth Roadshow, organised in Amersfoort, once again shows how the project creates awareness by connecting citizens, legislators, and market players with students and experts.\ud \ud This article would be composed of interviews from both city stakeholders and members of the Roadshow team who took part in the Amersfoort Roadshow. Its content would describe the aims and process. A video would also be included graphically outlining the motives and experiences of the onsite co-creative initiative.\ud \ud “Sustainability is a huge word. How do you get people to open up to new ideas on lifestyle and their city, their daily life? That is what the Roadshow is designed to do. We created a methodology to gain trust from people we do not yet know, but who are the ones who are using the city that our design team visits,” explains research leader Craig Martin.
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- 2019
42. Guest Editor’s Introduction - Temperance Past and Present: Thoughts on Radical Temperance
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McAllister, Annemarie
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L510 ,V261 ,L431 ,V230 ,L726 ,V210 ,V221 ,V320 ,V300 - Abstract
This introduction to the special issue "Temperance, Past and Present" identifies main themes of the articles and associated conference, gives a brief historiography of temperance, and surveys "new temperance."
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- 2019
43. Five Ways to Wellbeing: holistic narratives of public health programme participants
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Alan Farrier, Mark T Dooris, and Lynn Froggett
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medicine.medical_specialty ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Happiness ,Appeal ,Holistic Health ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Promotion (rank) ,Pedagogy ,medicine ,Global health ,Humans ,Learning ,Interpersonal Relations ,Narrative ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Sociology ,Exercise ,media_common ,Pleasure-Pain Principle ,Narration ,030505 public health ,L510 ,Public health ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Flexibility (personality) ,C841 ,Awareness ,Social Participation ,England ,North west ,Public Health ,0305 other medical science ,Psychosocial - Abstract
This paper reports on a study which formed part of a qualitative process evaluation of a wellbeing programme in North West England. The study used the biographic narrative interpretive method (BNIM) to undertake and analyse data from interviews with six participants from diverse projects within the programme. This generated rich case studies and spotlighted cross-case commonalities, building understanding of how the programme achieved its effects. We present findings using the Five Ways to Wellbeing framework, presenting one abridged ‘case’ and summarising cross-cutting themes. We explore how BNIM gives insight into the psychosocial complexity of wellbeing, building understanding of its holistic and dynamic nature, and then highlight the flexibility, resonance and widespread appeal of Five Ways to Wellbeing. In concluding, we argue that by enabling participants to tell their own stories of participation in the different projects, we gain a more authentic understanding of the ‘whole’ story of how involvement has affected wellbeing. Such approaches are crucial as wellbeing becomes a central concept in global health policy and promotion.
- Published
- 2019
44. Accelerometer and self-reported measures of sedentary behaviour and associations with adiposity in UK youth
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Stuart J. Fairclough, Paul R. Hibbing, Lynne M. Boddy, Gregory J. Welk, Robert J. Noonan, Pedro F. Saint-Maurice, and Danielle Christian
- Subjects
Male ,Gerontology ,Adolescent ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Fitness Trackers ,Accelerometer ,Body Mass Index ,RC1200 ,03 medical and health sciences ,Screen time ,0302 clinical medicine ,Accelerometry ,medicine ,Humans ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Exercise ,Adiposity ,Sedentary time ,L510 ,030229 sport sciences ,medicine.disease ,C600 ,Obesity ,Body Height ,England ,Video Games ,Regression Analysis ,Female ,Self Report ,Sedentary Behavior ,Waist Circumference ,Psychology - Abstract
This study used accelerometer and self-report measures of overall sedentary time (ST) and screen time behaviours to examine their respective associations with adiposity among UK youth. Participants (Year groups 5, 8, and 10; n=292, 148 girls) wore the SenseWear Armband Mini accelerometer for eight days and completed the Youth Activity Profile, an online report tool designed to estimate physical activity and ST. Stature, body mass and waist circumference were measured to classify adiposity outcomes (overweight/obese and central obesity). One-way between groups ANOVA and adjusted linear, logistic and multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted. There was a significant main effect of age on total ST across the whole week (F(2, 289)=41.64, p≤0.001). ST increased monotonically across Year 5 (581.09±107.81 min·dˉ¹), 8 (671.96±112.59 min·dˉ¹) and 10 (725.80±115.20 min·dˉ¹), and all pairwise comparisons were significant at p≤0.001. A steep age-related gradient to mobile phone use was present (p≤0.001). ST was positively associated with adiposity outcomes independent of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA; p≤0.001). Engaging in >3 hours of video gaming daily was positively associated with central obesity (OR=2.12, p≤0.05) but not after adjustment for MVPA. Results further demonstrate the importance of reducing overall ST to maintain healthy weight status among UK youth.
- Published
- 2019
45. Conceptualizing the ‘whole university’ approach: an international qualitative study
- Author
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Alan Farrier, Susan Powell, and Mark T Dooris
- Subjects
Health (social science) ,Universities ,Concept Formation ,Population ,Poison control ,Computer-assisted web interviewing ,Health Promotion ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Humans ,Sociology ,education ,Students ,Qualitative Research ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,L510 ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Charter ,Public relations ,Focus Groups ,Sustainable Development ,Focus group ,Leadership ,Health promotion ,Thematic analysis ,business ,Qualitative research - Abstract
Focusing on the conceptualization of a whole university approach, this paper reports on an international qualitative study that explored vice-chancellors’ and network members’ understanding of and commitment to Health Promoting Universities, examined perspectives on leadership and investigated the Okanagan Charter’s potential to catalyse whole university leadership and change. A multi-method qualitative approach was used: semi-structured interviews and focus groups were conducted face-to-face with vice-chancellors (n = 12) and Health Promoting University co-ordinators who were members of the UK Healthy Universities Network (n = 8); telephone interviews were conducted with a mix of UK and non-UK Health Promoting University co-ordinators (n = 5) and two online questionnaires were distributed to non-UK network co-ordinators (n = 6) and non-UK Health Promoting University co-ordinators (n = 10). Through thematic analysis, a number of key themes emerged that build a new conceptualization of the whole university approach (see Figure 1): building a broad understanding and framing of health; developing a supportive ethos and culture; embedding health into the university and joining up areas of work; focusing on the whole population and facing challenges and seizing opportunities. The study elicited rich and wide-ranging views from multiple stakeholders from universities and networks across four continents, confirming Health Promoting Universities as a truly global movement. Looking ahead, there are clear opportunities and challenges. First, the media narrative of a student mental health ‘crisis’ has focused universities’ attention on ‘health’, but from a single issue ‘illness’ perspective. This risks detracting from the whole system Health Promoting Universities approach. Second, even with the Okanagan Charter inspiring individuals and universities, there are still major challenges in translating the rhetoric of whole system approaches into meaningful action within large, complex and culturally diverse organizations.
- Published
- 2019
46. Whole system approaches to health in higher education: an evaluation of the UK Healthy Universities Network
- Author
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Susan Powell, Alan Farrier, Maxine Holt, and Mark T Dooris
- Subjects
030505 public health ,Higher education ,business.industry ,Online presence management ,L510 ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Public relations ,computer.software_genre ,Focus group ,Intercultural communication ,Education ,Emotional well-being ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Health promotion ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Sociology ,Thematic analysis ,X990 ,0305 other medical science ,business ,Inclusion (education) ,computer - Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to report on an evaluation of the UK Healthy Universities Network (UKHUN), which explored engagement of network members; identified what members value about the network; examined facilitators and barriers to engagement; and informed the network’s future development. Design/methodology/approach The study was a two phase mixed-method study, with participants being staff from Higher Education institutions. Phase 1 involved a documentary review and an online 14-question survey (n=32). Phase 2 comprised follow-up semi-structured interviews and focus groups, conducted using Skype (n=11). These were audio recorded and transcripts were thematically analysed in a two-stage process. Findings A number of key themes emerged from the thematic analysis: value of network meetings and events; popularity of the network website; increased communication and collaboration; sense of leadership offered by the network; interest and inclusion of an international perspective; importance of institutional support. Research limitations/implications Only six universities who are involved in the network took part in Phase 2. Although a range of organisations were chosen purposively, it is possible that additional key issues at other universities were excluded. Originality/value The UKHUN is valued by its membership, particularly its biannual meetings, online presence, leadership, ethos and communication methods. Key barriers include the capacity of staff to attend meetings and contribute to the network, influenced by a lack of institutional commitment and prioritisation. Findings from the evaluation have informed a “refresh” of the network’s website and a revision of its membership structure, as well as guiding its positioning to achieve greater strategic influence.
- Published
- 2019
47. Defining and measuring multimorbidity: a systematic review of systematic reviews
- Author
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Stewart W Mercer, Marjorie C Johnston, Corri Black, Gordon Prescott, and Michael A Crilly
- Subjects
Biopsychosocial model ,medicine.medical_specialty ,media_common.quotation_subject ,MEDLINE ,Disease ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Quality of life (healthcare) ,Health care ,medicine ,Humans ,Medical physics ,Quality (business) ,030212 general & internal medicine ,media_common ,business.industry ,L510 ,030503 health policy & services ,Public health ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Multimorbidity ,Systematic review ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Public Health ,0305 other medical science ,business ,Psychology ,Forecasting - Abstract
Background\ud \ud Multimorbidity, the coexistence of multiple health conditions, is a growing public health challenge. Research and intervention development are hampered by the lack of consensus regarding defining and measuring multimorbidity. The aim of this systematic review was to pool the findings of systematic reviews examining definitions and measures of multimorbidity.\ud \ud \ud Methods\ud \ud Medline, Embase, PubMed and Cochrane were searched from database inception to February 2017. Two authors independently screened titles, abstracts and full texts and extracted data from the included papers. Disagreements were resolved with a third author. Reviews were quality assessed.\ud \ud \ud Results\ud \ud Of six reviews, two focussed on definitions and four on measures. Multimorbidity was commonly defined as the presence of multiple diseases or conditions, often with a cut-off of two or more. One review developed a holistic definition including biopsychosocial and somatic factors as well as disease. Reviews recommended using measures validated for the outcome of interest. Disease counts are an alternative if no validated measure exists.\ud \ud \ud Conclusions\ud \ud To enable comparison between studies and settings, researchers and practitioners should be explicit about their choice of definition and measure. Using a cut-off of two or more conditions as part of the definition is widely adopted. Measure selection should be based on tools validated for the outcome being considered. Where there is no validated measure, or where multiple outcomes or populations are being considered, disease counts are appropriate.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Editorial: Looking for Justice from the Health Industry
- Author
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Doris Schroeder and Julie Cook
- Subjects
Biomedical Research ,Internationality ,Health (social science) ,L510 ,Health Policy ,010102 general mathematics ,06 humanities and the arts ,Public administration ,0603 philosophy, ethics and religion ,01 natural sciences ,Issues, ethics and legal aspects ,Social Justice ,Political science ,Humans ,060301 applied ethics ,Justice (ethics) ,L431 ,0101 mathematics ,Delivery of Health Care ,Health policy - Published
- 2019
49. Proof of the Pudding: Applying the City-Zen Methodology to Other European Cities
- Author
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Martin, Craig, Bourgois, Charles-Henri, Moyon, Nathalie, and Bot, Marjolein
- Subjects
Carbon accounting ,H221 ,Energy ,L510 ,Wellbeing ,Co-creation ,Transport ,Zero-carbon ,Stakeholder engagement ,Food ,Health ,Architecture ,K460 ,K440 ,Urbanism ,K210 ,L100 ,Citizen participation ,L360 - Abstract
Back in 2012, a group of enthusiasts submitted a project proposal to the EU. Many talks, partner proposals, and city\ud explorations later, City-zen was granted EU-funding “to develop and demonstrate energy efficient cities and to build a\ud methodology and tools for cities, industries and citizens to reach the 20-20-20 targets”. The program, rooted in Amsterdam (NL) and Grenoble (FR), had its first official kick-off in March 2014.\ud \ud In the past five years, no less than 28 partners have been working on 20 pilot projects, aiming for an annual saving of an impressive 59,000 tonnes of CO2. Academics, industries and residents have been brought together to face the cities’ challenges. An integrated methodology has been developed, as have roadmaps to sustainability for Grenoble and Amsterdam.\ud \ud City-zen did not shield its learning from other urban environments, either. A vehicle aptly named the ‘Roadshow’ sent a group of experts in the fields of sustainability, energy, and urban design to various European cities to ideate with local governments, knowledge institutions, entrepreneurs and residents. Based on the results of workshops, field visits and serious games, municipalities have been shown feasible avenues towards sustainability. Next to Amsterdam and Grenoble, the following European cities were visited: Belfast, Izmir, Dubrovnik, Menorca, Sevilla, Roeselare, Preston, Nicosia (north and south), and Amersfoort.\ud \ud This interactive book, entitled 'A TALE OF TWO CITIES' documents all City-zen activities since 2012, including those of the Roadshow in the section "Proof of the Pudding' (pp.40-43). The book has been fully translated in English and French, highlighting its international reach and collaborative network. Included in the Roadshow section are quotations of support from two key city decision makers, Mayor Declercq of Roeselare (Belgium) and Mayor Bolsius of Amersfoort (The Netherlands). Both City Mayors worked with the Roadshow when the project visited their cities in April 2018 and October 2019 respectively.
- Published
- 2019
50. ‘Dr Google’ will see you now! A review of online consumer information about anticoagulant and antithrombotic medication for prevention of recurrent stroke
- Author
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Josephine Gibson, Stephanie P Jones, and Rebecca K. Ellis
- Subjects
Health (social science) ,medicine.drug_class ,business.industry ,L510 ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Anticoagulant ,medicine.disease ,Recurrent stroke ,Consumer information ,Antithrombotic ,medicine ,I160 ,Quality (business) ,The Internet ,Health information ,Medical emergency ,business ,Stroke ,media_common - Abstract
Stroke survivors increasingly use the internet to access health information. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of online information about anticoagulant and antiplatelet medication in stroke. 100 online information sources and 50 online news articles about anticoagulants and antiplatelets after stroke were accessed using Google in June-July 2016. Readability, overall quality, and language about prevention, risk, emotive terms, and shared decision-making were evaluated using SMOG and DISCERN tools. Most online information was from national health service (27/100) or charitable (24/100) sources, or from tabloid newspapers’ websites (25/50). Median reading age for materials was 17-18 years. Quality scores were typically 3/5 with only 5 of 16 criteria scoring highly. Stroke risk reduction was typically described in absolute terms with little use of numerical or graphical data. Emotive language was frequently used, particularly in news articles. Shared decision-making was supported mainly by materials from charitable sources. This study has shown that online information about anticoagulant and antiplatelet medication after stroke requires high levels of literacy, and is often unreliable, poor quality and emotionally laden. People working with stroke survivors should facilitate access to accurate, unbiased and readable materials to promote shared decision making about medications.
- Published
- 2019
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