Search

Copyright of International Journal of Professional Business Review (JPBReview) is the property of Open Access Publications LLC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ensaio: Avaliação e Políticas Públicas em Educação is the property of Ensaio: Avaliacao e Politicas Publicas em Educacao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the present work, the corrosion inhibition of AA2024 by lithium salts (nitrate, oxalate and carbonate) is investigated by using both global and local electrochemical techniques. With LiNO3 (0.1 M), the anodic and cathodic current densities are lower and the impedance values higher by comparison with the results obtained in the presence of 0.1 M Li2C2O4 or 0.1 M Li2CO3. After 20 h of immersion in the electrolyte, SEM observations reveal the formation of thick films on the AA2024 surface in the presence of carbonate or oxalate, whereas a thin and denser film is formed in the presence of nitrate. Specifically, the Li2C2O4 addition, by increasing the pH of the electrolyte, induces significant alloy dissolution from the very beginning of immersion which contributes to the growth of a protective layer on the alloy surface, combining lithium, carbonate species and metal cations.A self-healing effect by Li2C2O4 or Li2CO3 is shown by local impedance measurements on artificial scratches made on a water-based epoxy coating deposited on AA2024 plates, confirming their potential use, as inhibitive species, in organic coatings.

RESUMEN Este artículo examina el desarrollo histórico del concepto de flexibilización laboral en Europa occidental, especialmente durante las décadas de 1970 y 1980. A través de la revisión y análisis de investigaciones sobre la flexibilización laboral y sus implicaciones, nuestro objetivo es enriquecer la comprensión histórica de las transformaciones en el mundo del trabajo. Desde la década de 1970, la crisis de los sistemas laborales en Occidente desafió los modelos de protección al trabajador y la seguridad social. Las disparidades existentes entre los países europeos en lo que respecta a la flexibilización laboral y sus múltiples repercusiones en el ámbito social pueden atribuirse a diversos factores, tales como la influencia de los sindicatos, las regulaciones laborales y las políticas gubernamentales. Explorar la evolución histórica de la flexibilización laboral como concepto es esencial para entender cómo ha llegado a convertirse en un marco conceptual que guía las reformas y cambios en el ámbito laboral.

Payment patterns both direct cash and credit in pork selling will influence profit levels of each seller. Therefore, a research was conducted with an objective to evaluate the difference of income of the pork sellers using different payment patterns namely cash and credit. In the research area, the credit pattern called leis, a payment pattern that consumers were listed before selling the pork include edible non-carcass and the payment will be held a month later. The research method used was survey. Primary data were taken using techniques of observation and direct interview based on prepared questionnaires. Method of data analysis applied were income analysis followed by comparison test of two averages. The result showed that averages income of direct cash pork sellers gained was IDR 1,347,055.56,-/head of pig, while the leis pattern gained was IDR 1.904.896,73,-/head of pig. There was a significant difference of income between direct cash and leis. In conclusion, the income of pork seller in leis pattern was higher than that of direct cash.

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Hypnos is the property of Hypnos / Instituto Hypnos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Lex Humana is the property of Lex Humana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Low energy ion scattering is an analytical technique with extreme surface sensitivity. It enables qualitative and quantitative elemental analysis of the outermost atomic layer. Straightforward quantification is possible by using well-defined reference samples, as the measured signal is related to known surface atomic concentration. Bi, like Pb, exhibits strong oscillatory behavior of backscattered ion yield when primary ion beam energy is varied. Here, we present the spectra of bismuth obtained by scattering of 4He+ ions in a wide range of energies (0.5–6.0 keV). These should cover a regularly used range of energies for He analysis and serve as standards or reference spectra for analysis of bismuth if the scattering angle is 145° or similar. For this purpose, high-purity foil cleaned by ion sputtering was used. The sensitivity of the instrument in use (high-sensitivity low energy ion scattering spectrometer) is defined by the 3 keV 4He+ spectrum of copper. The related atomic sensitivity and relative sensitivity factors are determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Women have faced various issues that have emerged throughout history. Nowadays, with digital communication and its immediacy, social media is used to propagate a menace that violates honor and dignity, known as digital violence, which infringes upon rights and disrupts the lives of its victims. Additionally, it has highlighted the legal gaps in Colombian laws to combat and mitigate this offense against women. Using a descriptive approach, this research contextualizes digital media to shed light on cybercrimes committed through them. It also compares existing laws with those of other countries, with the overall objective of analyzing the gaps in Colombian jurisprudence for defending women's rights through the Internet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The blistering of epoxy coating and its evolution were investigated after being exposed to 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. The evolution of under-film corrosion could be divided into four stages according to the observation of the corrosion morphology and the distribution of corrosion products and elements. Corrosion propagation was related to the distribution of media at the edge of the blistering area. Local electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis revealed that local impedance mapping could help in predicting the direction of corrosion propagation. The interfacial debonding at the edge of the blistering area was a necessary condition for corrosion propagation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A imagem é um dos suportes dominantes na comunicação contemporânea (Martins, 2021, p. 185). A convergência cultural atual faz-se, sobretudo, em torno de imagens digitais (Jenkins, 2006/2009). Nesta premissa, o vídeo é um dos tipos que mais destaque alcançam na era da imagem e dos ecrãs (Costa, 2012; Loureiro, 2011; Martins, 2011). Diferentes empresas de comunicação digital, através de diferentes plataformas, utilizam arquiteturas e algoritmos com diferentes técnicas e métodos nos modos como usam a imagem para comunicar e capturar a atenção. O meio digital é pensado tendo como elemento central imagens para comunicar e leis algorítmicas para reter e fidelizar os cidadãos (Lanier, 2010/2010, 2018/2018). Teóricos da economia da atenção entendem que as empresas que gerem as grandes plataformas digitais têm um grande objetivo: capturar a atenção das massas de modo a criar fidelização e retenção nos consumidores/utilizadores (Martens, 2016; Srnicek, 2017). A economia da atenção é um dos seus principais setores, tendo como um dos negócios primordiais a ecranovisão (Costa, 2014). O pagamento do sujeito às empresas que gerem as plataformas digitais é feito por intermédio de um constante dar visualizações (Costa, 2020b), de uma persistente telepresença, de uma frenética partilha de conteúdos, de uma utilização corrente dos inúmeros serviços e ecossistemas digitais. É a soma de muitos a ver, a tele-estar, a tele-partilhar e a tele-usar que permite dinamizar a economia da atenção. As grandes empresas digitais lutam pelas fatias maiores dessa economia. Os que mais utilizadores fidelizam e retêm são os que mais lucram. A estratégia maior reside nos métodos e nas técnicas de captura da atenção utilizados. Essa cria “leis”, quer dizer, regularidades e padrões que se movimentam entre diferentes empresas e diferentes dinâmicas sociotécnicas. O vídeo, enquanto método e técnica de captura da atenção, utiliza “leis” e trilhos, contribuindo para posteriores processos sociais de uso, influência, manipulação, imitação, propagação, socialização e individuação. Neste artigo, tentamos dar conta de algumas regularidades e padrões gerais utilizados no vídeo para captura da atenção das massas.

This article aims to map and analyze the main sports laws and official government bodies that regulate and manage sports in Latin America, comprising the nature of the documents and their central constitutive elements, namely: title, year of creation, and general objectives. This is an exploratory and documentary study using critical-documentary analysis, the comparative method and the evidential paradigm as a theoretical-methodological approach. The sources are composed of the official sports laws of 19 countries in Latin America. The analyses allowed us to establish the following categories: a) countries whose sports laws are specific and contain only the term sports in their name; b) countries whose sports laws are identified with numbers; c) countries whose sports laws have mixed nomenclature. Twelve countries conceptualize sports in full in their documents. We perceive that the way sports are presented in the laws shows the signs and traces of how they are thought, seen and materialized. We understand that the laws are an important milestone for the development of Latin sports. Beyond the laws, we point out that it is of paramount importance that a medium- and long-term sports policy be thought out in each specific context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of corrosion of magnesium and its alloys has emerged a hot topic in the applications of lightweight structural materials. The inherently high electrochemical activity of bare magnesium surfaces still lacks a convincing mechanism to describe the observed experimental characteristics, and it has prompted the development of various types of protective coatings with the aim of slowing metal dissolution. In recent years, new instruments and techniques have been developed to study with spatial resolution the local corrosion processes that occur in metallic materials in general, and for magnesium and its alloys in particular, both for bare surfaces and coated. Scanning microelectrochemical techniques, such as local electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (LEIS), scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM), scanning vibrating electrode technique (SVET), scanning ion-selective electrode technique (SIET) and scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) can provide information about the local electrochemical activity of metallic surfaces. In the present work, the applications of these techniques in corrosion studies of magnesium and its alloys are reviewed. Assessment of corrosion mechanisms, barrier properties of conventional coatings and active corrosion behavior of self-healing coatings are examined. Limitations and future developments in this area are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

O presente artigo se dedica ao levantamento e análise das propostas legislativas em torno do tema da tortura, ao longo das últimas décadas no Brasil. Para entender de que maneira os políticos brasileiros abordaram este problema em sua atividade parlamentar, nos dedicamos a pesquisar quais foram as iniciativas apresentadas e, em casos específicos, quais foram os conteúdos debatidos no processo de deliberação acerca das mesmas. Observamos que, a despeito do número reduzido de matérias que efetivamente se converteram em norma jurídica, houve elevada produção de proposições acerca do tema, o que justifica um esforço para compreender quem são seus autores, quais os pontos específicos que abordam e como nos ajudam a traçar um panorama de como o problema é percebido e debatido no campo da representação institucional.

Copyright of Intercontinental Journal of Sport Management / Revista Intercontinental de Gestão Desportiva is the property of Revista Intercontinental de Gestao Desportiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present investigation analyzes the scientific production of open access on the Ecuadorian television industry from the approval of the Communication Law in the 2013 to 2022. For the study, a bibliographic search is carried out in Scopus databases, Web of Science and Redalyc, as well as the virtual repositories of the Universidad Andina Simón Bolívar (UASB) and FLACSO, applying the proposal of the PRISMA declaration to 17 publications with the keywords: Ecuadorian television and television industry. This systematic review allows us to observe that the papers on the Ecuadorian national television industry are contributing to the Latin American school of the Political Economy of Communication although the fact that they have a relative sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to explore the wide application of AM60B in automobile field, nano-SiC/micro-arc oxidation (MAO) composite coating layer was prepared on the surface of AM60B to improve its high-temperature corrosion resistance. The electrochemical properties were studied in different temperature environments (ambient temperature (ABM), 60, 80, and 100 °C) using potentiodynamic polarization tests. The local corrosion properties were evaluated in 3.5% NaCl solution using Localized Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (LEIS). The global electrochemical test results show that the impedance of nano-SiC/MAO coating is 1~2 orders of magnitude higher than that of MAO coating in high-temperature corrosion environment, and the main corrosion product is Mg(OH)2. The local electrochemical test results show that the minimum impedance of nano-SiC/MAO coating is 2×105 Ω higher than that of MAO coating, and the longitudinal depth and transverse width of scratch expansion are smaller than that of MAO coating. The scratch coating still has a protective effect on the substrate. The corrosion physical model of nano-SiC/MAO coating with scratches is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Este artigo tem como objetivo apreender, avaliar e problematizar a(s) concepção(ões) de esporte inscritas no ordenamento legal que balizou as políticas esportivas no “Governo da Floresta” (1999-2018). Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritivo-exploratória de cunho qualitativo, realizada a partir do levantamento das leis instituídas no Governo da Floresta. A busca foi realizada na página eletrônica da Assembleia Legislativa do Estado do Acre e no site Leis Estaduais, entre os dias 01 e 15 de fevereiro de 2022. Foram encontradas 43 leis, que em síntese, indicam a presença de uma concepção de esporte que, por vezes, está sintonizada como a noção de esporte como direito do cidadão, bem cultural e componente de políticas públicas sociais. Noutros momento, reforça uma concepção esportivista voltada ao resultado e ao rendimento, com programas focais, descontínuos e seletivos.

O presente artigo tem como objetivo elucidar o modo como a noção de “lei” aparece no pensamento saussuriano, tendo como ponto de ancoragem o Curso de Linguística Geral (CLG). Ao longo do artigo, buscar-se-à evidenciar que, no corpus investigado, existem diferentes utilizações desse termo. Ainda, será indicado que Saussure se afasta do uso da noção de leis, sendo fornecidas algumas razões para tal. Por fim, será apresentada, introdutoriamente, a hipótese de que o linguista dá preferência ao uso do termo “princípios” quando aborda a semiologia.

Low Energy Ion Scattering (LEIS) analysis of bismuth selenide (Bi 2 Se 3), a strong 3D topological insulator, revealed oscillations of the detected signal in dependence on primary ion beam energy. Bismuth is a part of the group of elements where oscillatory behaviour was already noticed, such as gallium, indium, or lead. Generally, it is ascribed to quasi-resonant charge exchange processes between primary ion and target atom. Moreover, clear differences exist between data for target atoms in elemental form and for atoms in compound form. A study of Bi signal yields in different material forms was performed for primary He+ projectiles within the energy range from 0.50 to 6.00 keV. A foil of pure Bi, Bi 2 Se 3 , Bi 2 O 3 and thin Bi films deposited on several substrates (SiO 2 , CuO x) by Molecular Beam Epitaxy were analysed. The energy shift in the position of oscillations was observed when the oxygen atoms were present at the surface and bonded to Bi atoms. A description of the Bi ion yield variation is provided to facilitate the quantification process in LEIS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Anuario Colombiano de Historia Social y de la Cultura is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas, Departamento de Historia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to improve the corrosion resistance of the automotive AM60B-Mg alloy, a nano-SiO2/MAO composite coating was prepared on the surface of the alloy. The electrochemical properties were studied in an 80 °C corrosion environment using potentiodynamic polarization tests. Local Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (LEIS) was used to study the corrosion mechanisms of coating defect zone. The microstructure and phase of the samples were observed by confocal laser microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Macroscopic electrochemical test results showed that the impedance of the nano-SiO2/MAO coating was much higher than that of the MAO coating, by about 433 times. Local electrochemical test results showed that the minimum impedance of the nano-SiO2/MAO coating was 1–2 orders of magnitude higher than the maximum impedance of the MAO coating. The defective SiO2/MAO coating still had high corrosion resistance compared to the defective MAO coating. A physical model of local corrosion mechanisms was proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work addressed the history of the evolution of work in world society since remote times when workers had no rights, how it was understood and its valuation throughout specific periods of human history, providing an understanding of the creation and development of the Law of Work. In addition, it highlighted the intimate relationship between social, cultural, political and economic facts occurring in society and their interference in the creation and evolution of labor standards. And also the rise of rights related to the world of work specifically in Brazil, as well as the transformations they have undergone in specific moments in history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Apolítica de arrendamento, no Estado de Mato Grosso, realizada no período posterior a lei de terras veio ao encontro dos Batalhões militares movimentados para a região de Fronteira, que ao ocupar seus lugares definidos na Constituição abriu para as outras áreas, desse contorno, a continuidade da prática do arrendamento, anexação e venda. Essa forma de política adentrou o século XX perpetuando a mesma pratica privatista do século XIX. Este artigo faz parte da dissertação intitulada “Da Lei de Terras em 1850 à Constituição de 1934: Políticas de acesso à terra e efetiva ocupação no processo de consolidação da fronteira entre Mato Grosso e Bolívia”, e tem por finalidade analisar a continuidade, no início do século XX, das práticas de arrendamento realizadas na fronteira Oeste por decisões políticas principiadas em fins do século XIX.

Between the 14th and 15th centuries, the secular and ecclesiastical authorities of Castile and Portugal dedicated themselves to establishing laws and rules to stimulate the production of bread, highlighting its material and symbolic importance. From this documentary set, composed mainly of chapters on cuts, ordinances, chronicles and treaties, that is writings that guided and gave meaning to the practices of men, we will question the values associated with the consumption and cultivation of bread in both Iberian kingdoms in order to examine the construction of a common moral.

Em Leis, a mousikḗ é restabelecida na constituição da cidade (Magnésia) como um instrumento para a educação dos cidadãos. Segundo o Estrangeiro Ateniense, a regulação e preservação das formas corretas da mousikḗ, através de mélos e skhē̂ma, é também responsável pela manutenção da estabilidade cultural e política de Magnésia. Neste contexto, Platão enuncia um elogio à arte egípcia, que teria mantido o seu estilo e, consequentemente, a política egípcia estáveis por um longo tempo. Este artigo apresentará uma tradução do trecho 653c — 654a e três interpretações contemporâneas deste elogio. Por fim, as interpretações expostas serão avaliadas e uma possibilidade de aproximação entre o elogio platônico e a própria arte egípcia será sugerida, considerando suas prováveis funções sociais, religiosas e políticas.

The following article proposes an update of the geographic information present in Law nº 0171/94 that created and delimited the municipality of Vitória do Jari. The update proposal is associated with the hydrographic characteristics of the southern region of the State of Amapá and was based on Law No. 311/1938, which provides for the territorial division of the country. The city's descriptive memorial contains geographic features that refer to water bodies without nominal information and with inadequate scales. During this research, it will be evidenced that there is a contradiction in the territorial information provided for by law and those defined by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) for the year 2020. IBGE's cartographic data indicates that the municipality of Vitória do Jari has a territorial area equivalent to 2,508,979 km² and the proposed new polygonal in the municipality corresponds to an area of 2,483,870 km². This research showed the identification of some streams that were not included at the time of the emancipation of the municipality of Vitória do Jari, such as the Arapiranga stream and the Pacas stream. In addition, the proposal for a new polygonal can assist in the territorial planning of the municipality and contribute to the updating of geographic information present in the descriptive memorial of the city of Vitória do Jari. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to map and analyze the main sports laws and official government bodies that regulate and manage sports in Latin America, comprising the nature of the documents and their central constitutive elements, namely: title, year of creation, and general objectives. This is an exploratory and documentary study using critical-documentary analysis, the comparative method and the evidential paradigm as a theoretical-methodological approach. The sources are composed of the official sports laws of 19 countries in Latin America. The analyses allowed us to establish the following categories: a) countries whose sports laws are specific and contain only the term sports in their name; b) countries whose sports laws are identified with numbers; c) countries whose sports laws have mixed nomenclature. Twelve countries conceptualize sports in full in their documents. We perceive that the way sports are presented in the laws shows the signs and traces of how they are thought, seen and materialized. We understand that the laws are an important milestone for the development of Latin sports. Beyond the laws, we point out that it is of paramount importance that a medium- and long-term sports policy be thought out in each specific context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Empire of Brazil was born with the reinforcement of the enslavement of men and women and in the following decades it saw an increase in the number of free workers, mainly in the Court. The construction of legislation that tried to organize work, in addition to limiting the actions of enslaved people in the streets, such as municipal postures, and the organization of free workers for rights at work are the themes of this text, whose motto is the song "Canto das three races". If all workers sing a sob of pain, we will discuss the different meanings of freedom and the problems that involved some trades, in addition to the comparison between free and enslaved workers and the hierarchies between them, beyond the difference in legal status. The typographers are the privileged category in this text as they published some class newspapers, between the years 1858 and 1872, disseminating their ideas about work, low pay and comparisons with slavery. While the streets of the city were occupied by slaves, who could sing to lighten their work, the free, mainly the typographers, had a space in the newspapers for complaints against the prisons they claimed to be suffering from. The sobbing of pain at work is the common point of workers in the Empire of Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Memorandum: Memória e História em Psicologia is the property of Memorandum: Memoria e Historia em Psicologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Lex Humana is the property of Lex Humana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Práxis Educativa is the property of Revista Praxis Educativa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Nesta notícia de pesquisa, apresento e discorro sobre o tema da minha dissertação de mestrado em História Social produzida e recém defendida no Programa de Estudos Pós-Graduados em História da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, sob orientação do professor doutor Luiz Antonio Dias. A pesquisa foi realizada com apoio da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES), durante o primeiro semestre de 2019; sendo posteriormente subsidiado como bolsista do Programa do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - Brasil (CNPq), a partir do segundo semestre de 2019 até a conclusão e defesa em 2021. A proposta temática da pesquisa visou discutir e problematizar a pena de galés na cidade de São Paulo de 1830 a 1850, discutindo a legislação criminal que versou sobre essa pena, bem como a discussão dos homens livres e escravizados que foram condenados a galés, conduzidos para a cadeia pública da Imperial Cidade de São Paulo, além das implicações dessa pena para a cidade a partir da sua utilização pela Câmara Municipal. Se pautando em uma metodologia bibliográfica e documental, as fontes elencadas para trilhar essa jornada foram fontes oficiais, como Códigos e leis do período imperial, os anais da Câmara dos Deputados em Assembleias Gerais e atas e registros da Câmara Municipal de São Paulo.

A implantação e a adoção generalizada da prática do que se convencionou chamar de “receituário agronômico”, a partir da aprovação da legislação federal (Lei no 7.802, de 11 de julho de 1989) que regulamenta o uso dos agrotóxicos no país, representam uma tentativa quase inédita de controle da comercialização e da utilização desses produtos, quando comparadas às estratégias de gestão adotadas em outros países, na busca de padrões e recomendações técnicas que possam minimizar os efeitos negativos decorrentes do uso de agrotóxicos.

The use of friction stir welding (FSW) has proven to be an excellent alternative to join engineering components. Although FSW has had a significant development in recent years, challenges for new applications have been raised, such as offshore steel parts suffering hydrogen embrittlement in the gas and oil industry. Therefore, in this work, the microstructure, corrosion, and hydrogen-induced cracking were investigated in a two-pass FSW welded joint of API 5L X70 pipeline steel. The electrochemical results indicate an inhibitory effect on corrosion reaction because of a carbonate product generation in the steel surface. The polygonal ferritic and degenerated pearlite bands microstructure in the base metal fixed carbonate deposits in the steel surface. In the welded regions, the bainitic microstructure and the carbide particle distribution are less efficient in setting the weld surface carbonate deposit. HIC tests showed cracks initiation and propagation to be more prone in hard phases. • FSW resulted in different type of microstructures delivering different corrosive responses. • The FSW regions presented a higher susceptible to hydrogen induced cracking than base metal. • The BM shows better corrosion resistance than the FSWeld regions in alkaline solution. • LEIS maps showed that the FSWeld regions formed a galvanic cell. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The guide aims to lower the risk of misinterpreting LEIS data by non-expert users. • It serves as a compact database of LEIS spectra for various kinds of materials. • It reflects the most frequently used experimental conditions. • All data were acquired on a dedicated and commercially available LEIS instrument. Low-Energy Ion Scattering (LEIS) spectrometry is extraordinarily sensitive and specific to the outermost atomic layers of materials. It is a powerful tool for surface science. Here, we present a practical guide on LEIS spectral interpretation that is based on actual LEIS spectra of a variety of materials. While this article covers some of the theory of LEIS, it is not an exhaustive description of this aspect of the technique. Rather, it is intended for the broad community of scientists who, while not necessarily active users of LEIS instruments, need LEIS in their research, perhaps obtaining LEIS spectra by collaboration or encountering it in the scientific literature. The spectra/experimental results we present reflect both basic and advanced features of LEIS. We believe this guide is quite comprehensive. Most of the spectra shown herein were obtained on a modern high sensitivity (HS)-LEIS instrument. The analyser of this instrument defines and fixes a scattering angle of 145°. However, these results are representative of other widely used geometries. The features of these spectra are quite general. Key concepts covered in this work include surface peaks, elements that promote reionization, double and multiple scattering/collisions, quantification with reference materials, the effect of contamination, differences between particulate and crystalline materials/surfaces, direct scattering from the second atomic layer of a material, and the use and effects of different primary ions, e.g., He+, Ne+, and Ar+. The LEIS spectra shown and discussed in this work come from different materials, including as-received, clean, and oxidized Cu, silicone rubber, Ca evaporated onto SiO 2 , Al, graphene on Cu, Fe, Rh, FeRh, CaF 2 , native silicon oxide (SiO 2) on silicon, BeO, B 2 O 3 , Bi 2 Se 3 , Teflon (polytetrafluoroethylene), LiF, SrTiO 3 , an alloy with five elements (Cr, Mn, Fe, Co and Ni), and Au. Many of these materials are of substantial technological interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the notions of scientific law, natural causes, and the powers of causes to produce their effects from the point of view of perspectival realism. In the first section I deal with the conception of cause defended by George H. Lewes, one of the forerunners of British emergentism, along with John Stuart Mill. In the next section I deal with the notion of heteropathic laws of Mill. In the last section I deploy these notions in my explanation of natural phenomena as emergent processes. I put emphasis on the fact that the base conditions of an emergent are not its causes.

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar como o manual LEIS – Lima Ecological Infrastructure Strategy propõe a articulação do tratamento de águas residuais com o projeto dos espaços livres públicos em Lima [Peru]. O manual apresenta possibilidades de projetos sensíveis a água, através do conceito de Infraestrutura Ecológica. Adota-se uma metodologia de análise qualitativa, e a pesquisa é focada na revisão bibliográfica e consulta de legislações pertinentes. Busca-se ao longo do texto relacionar as propostas e diretrizes presentes no manual com a gestão das águas urbanas em Salvador [Bahia]. De forma a refletir sobre as contribuições e os desafios, numa perspectiva de maior integração entre projetos sensíveis as águas e o espaço urbanizado.

This essay analyzes the issue of minority in the context of political and social formation in the beginning of the Republic in Brazil, in particular, through sources such as the scope of laws of the Codes: Penal of 1890 and Minor1927 that corroborate for the understanding of legal changes that were part of how the republican government idealized the modern society that emerged in that period of wide social, political and cultural transformations. This paradox of laws for the protection of minors, in the context of the construction of the Brazilian public and democratic environment at the turn of the nineteenth century to the twentieth, reveals a period in which elitist discourses on the poorest minor mass by the legal and authoritarian resources of laws, configured the bases of state authority over the main characteristics of man belonging to a mass society, especially popular, that is, isolation, lack of social relations and consciences and legal rights formulated for the full development of childhood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

O objetivo é analisar as contribuições maquiavelianas para pensar o surgimento das boas leis e instituições políticas a partir do conflito. Para Maquiavel, uma comunidade política bem ordenada é aquela na qual boas leis (produzidas com ampla participação) governam. Com isso, será observado que Maquiavel foi um defensor de um governo que se regesse por leis estabelecidas por um processo participativo e conflitivo. Primeiramente será examinado que o conflito, para Maquiavel, é uma marca ontológica da política, ou seja, não pode ser extirpado, razão pela qual as cidades devem ordená-los para que eles não gerem efeitos nocivos. Após, será observado que numa cidade bem ordenada, os conflitos criam um campo propício para boas leis e ordenações se consolidarem.

O estudo e o entendimento da termodinâmica exige um criterioso processo de assimilação de leis e um conjunto bem estruturado de conceitos teóricos. Ao longo desse trabalho, vamos apresentar uma explanação dos principais conceitos envolvidos no estudo dessa ciência. Além disso, será exposto uma descrição de cada uma das quatro leis da termodinâmica firmando-se em conceitos fundamentais. Visamos, assim, uma análise das Leis e dos principais conceitos da Termodinâmica em livros didáticos com comentários críticos e descrições pertinentes a respeito de tais, apresentando ao longo do trabalho, os nossos próprios posicionamentos e conceitos a respeito delas, apresentando uma contextualização própria dessas Leis. Pôde-se constatar que pelos livros consultados, as quatro leis da Termodinâmica são fracamente abordadas de forma que seja possível entendê-las claramente, fazendo mero tratamento matemático das equações a elas relacionadas. Neste trabalho, buscou-se apresentar uma contextualização das quatro Leis da Termodinâmica, assim como a definição dos termos a elas associados, de forma clara, balizados, com base nas referências consultadas e apresentando um posicionamento conceitual a essas leis de forma que fosse possível dar um entendimento maior a elas.

Com a evolução da utilização da internet nos últimos tempos, é possível além de proporcionar interação interpessoal, trabalhar, ensinar, realizar transações comerciais ou financeiras. Novas vertentes por mais que com a intenção de “conexão”, muitas vezes, acabam por ser comprometidas pelo mau uso das tecnologias. O que vem preocupando as autoridades e os usuários é a dificuldade de alcance do sistema jurídico do Estado e bem como a dificuldade de punição. Nesse cenário, esse artigo tem por objetivo esclarecer ao leitor sobre os crimes cibernéticos, suas consequências e mais especificamente o tema revenge porn que trata-se de um crime sofrido por mulheres no crivo íntimo e virtual. A metodologia utilizada foi a revisão sistemática de literatura com base no método hipotético-dedutivo, a definição de dimensões foram construídas com base em observações colhidas sistematicamente e complementadas com informações isoladas pelo método empírico. Os resultados com base nos indicadores utilizados apontam que o ordenamento jurídico age desde o ano de 2012 de forma cautelosa na tentativa de impedir a divulgação íntima de imagens sem o consentimento das vítimas, entretanto somente recentemente conceituou-se o crime no Código Penal e por mais que o desejo social seja uma legislação mais incisiva percebe-se uma grande discussão no âmbito legislativo e uma cautela na criação de leis que sejam tipicamente reconhecidas pelo sistema jurídico nacional. Aborda-se ainda, a importância de grupos de combate aos crimes virtuais, além de sugerir maior disseminação de conhecimentos sobre penalidade, meios e formas de denuncia aos crimes de pornografia de vingança.

Nos últimos anos, um conjunto de acontecimentos veiculados pela mídia nacional vem conferindo certo destaque à figura das vítimas. Um dos resultados disso, no país, tem sido a elaboração e aprovação de leis federais em prol das vítimas e, ainda, outras designadas com o nome destas. Diante disso, objetivou-se investigar o nexo entre eventos com vítimas que tiveram extensa repercussão na mídia e a elaboração de leis que as homenageiam no Brasil. Para tanto, foram examinadas, a partir da abordagem teórico-metodológica de Michel Foucault, as justificativas de propostas de leis que tramitam na Câmara Federal dos Deputados e de outras já promulgadas que receberam o nome de vítimas. Constatou-se que a valorização e a projeção destas últimas no contexto nacional tornaram-se formas de ampliação dos alcances do Estado polícia, traduzidas por vezes no recrudescimento da legislação penal. Aliado a isso, contribuem para a produção de subjetividades que se percebem como vítimas, identificando-se com as que são homenageadas por leis e, assim, clamam pela proteção estatal.