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Large language model (LLM) has demonstrated significant application potential in the medical field. However, evaluating the performance of LLM in medical scenarios poses a challenge. Existing medical benchmarks, predominantly in the form of multiple-choice questions, struggle to comprehensively and accurately assess LLM's performance in pediatric domains. To address this issue, PeMeBench, the first Chinese pediatric question-answering benchmark, was proposed. Leveraging a dual-perspective evaluation dimensions and referencing diagnostic and treatment guidelines from 10 pediatric disease systems, PeMeBench meticulously categorized pediatric medical question-answering tasks into five subdomains: disease knowledge, treatment plans, medication dosages, disease prevention, and pharmacological effects. It comprised over 10 000 open-ended question-answering items and introduced a multi-grained automated evaluation scheme that integrated entity retrieval with the detection of hallucinated sentences. This approach aimed to provide a comprehensive and precise assessment of LLM's performance in pediatric healthcare, delving into their potential limitations and laying a solid foundation for enhancing the intelligence level of medical services.

This paper is dedicated to exploring the practical implementation of deep learning and Internet of Things (IoT) technology within systems designed for recognizing human motion behavior. It places a particular emphasis on evaluating performance in complex environments, aiming to mitigate challenges such as poor robustness and high computational workload encountered in conventional human motion behavior recognition approaches by employing Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). The primary focus is on enhancing the performance of human motion behavior recognition systems for real-world scenarios, optimizing them for real-time accuracy, and enhancing their suitability for practical applications. Specifically, the paper investigates human motion behavior recognition using CNN, where the parameters of the CNN model are fine-tuned to improve recognition performance. The paper commences by delineating the process and methodology employed for human motion recognition, followed by an in-depth exploration of the CNN model's application in recognizing human motion behavior. To acquire data depicting human motion behavior in authentic settings, the Internet of Things (IoT) is utilized for extracting relevant information from the living environment. The dataset chosen for human motion behavior recognition is the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) database. The analysis demonstrates that the network training loss function reaches a minimum value of 0.0001. Leveraging the trained CNN model, the recognition accuracy for human motion behavior achieves peak performance, registering an average accuracy of 94.41%. Notably, the recognition accuracy for static motion behavior generally exceeds that for dynamic motion behavior across different models. The CNN-based human motion behavior recognition method exhibits promising results in both static and dynamic behavior recognition scenarios. Furthermore, the paper advocates for the use of IoT in collecting human motion behavior data in real-world living environments, contributing to the advancement of human motion behavior recognition technology and its application in diverse domains such as intelligent surveillance and health management. The research findings carry significant implications for furthering the development of human motion behavior recognition technology and enhancing its applications in areas such as intelligent surveillance and health management.

In 2024, the Chinese Meridian Project (CMP) completed its construction, deploying 282 instruments across 31 stations. This achievement not only provides a robust foundation but also serves as a reference template for the International Meridian Circle Program (IMCP). The IMCP aims to integrate and establish a comprehensive network of ground-based monitoring stations designed to track the propagation of space weather events from the Sun to Earth. Additionally, it monitors various disturbances generated within the Earth system that impact geospace. Over the past two years, significant progress has been made on the IMCP. In particular, the second phase of construction for the China-Brazil Joint Laboratory for Space Weather has been completed, and the North Pole and Southeast Asia networks are under active construction. The 2024 IMCP joint observation campaign was successfully conducted. To facilitate these developments, the scientific program committee of IMCP was established, following the success of 2023 IMCP workshop and the space weather school, which was co-hosted with the Asia-Pacific Space Cooperation Organization (APSCO) and sponsored by Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and Scientific Committee on Solar-Terrestrial Physics (SCOSTEP). Preparations are now underway for the 2024 workshop in collaboration with the National Institute for Space Research (INPE) in Brazil.

ObjectiveTo analyze the data of hospitalized accidental injuries with registered residence in Yangpu District, Shanghai, to describe their characteristics, and to provide an evidence for formulating accidental injuries prevention and control strategies.MethodsStatistic analysis was conducted on the data of accidental hospitalized injury cases in Yangpu District. The incidence rate (per 100 000 population) and the hospital stay were used to analyze the characteristics of hospitalized accidental injuries.ResultsA total of 4 924 hospitalized accidental injury cases were reported in Yangpu District, Shanghai. The incidence rate was 468.77/105, the ratio of male to female was 1∶1.41. Among them, the age ≥65 group had the highest incidence rate, accounting for 55.83% of all cases. The incidence rate of female was 1.97 times higher than that of male (χ2=287.61, P

Electron backscatter diffraction， five parameter analysis， overlap-pole-figure analysis and near coincident site analysis were used to investigate the interface character distributions of WC/WC grain boundaries and WC/Co phase boundaries in WC/Co cemented carbides under different heat treatment states. The results show that the WC/WC Σ2 grain boundaries with a fraction of 4.5% are generated in the oil-quenched sample after high temperature sintering. The fraction of Σ2 boundaries with interface matching features of ｛101¯0｝/｛101¯0｝ is 2.6%.The cobalt in this sample is basically face-centered-cubic structure， and the interface with the interface inter-connection features of ｛101¯0｝WC/｛001｝Co，｛101¯0｝WC/｛110｝Co and ｛112¯0｝WC/｛110｝Co is the main part of the WC/Co phase boundary. After tempering at 800 ℃， the samples with atmosphere protection and slow cooling in the furnace have the proportion and characteristics of WC/WC Σ2 grain boundaries， which are very close to those of oil-quenched samples.The cobalt in this sample is primarily hexagonal structure， and the interface with the interface inter-connection features of ｛101¯0｝WC/｛101¯0｝Co and ｛112¯0｝WC/｛112¯0｝Co is the main part of the WC/Co phase boundary.

Black garlic is produced through the fermentation of fresh garlic under conditions of high temperature and humidity, wherein various chemical reactions occur, gradually diminishing the pungent odor associated with garlic and imparting the distinctive sweet and sour flavor characteristic of black garlic. This article reviews the changes in chemical components and flavor substances during the processing of black garlic, discusses the key factors that influence the evolution of its aroma profile, and analyzes the flavor characteristics of black garlic.

ObjectiveTo comprehend the epidemiological and molecular characteristics of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli （DEC） in a specific district of Beijing City from 2018 to 2022， aiming to provide evidence for the prevention and control of related diseases.MethodsStool specimens of 1 600 diarrhea cases were collected from 3 surveillance sentinel hospitals in one district of Beijing from 2018 to 2022， and DEC strains were isolated from the specimens. The virulence genes were detected by multiplex PCR， and the pathogenic types were obtained. The epidemiological and clinical data were analyzed. Simultaneously， pulsed-field gel electrophoresis （PFGE） was used to ascertain the molecular types of the strains. Cluster analysis was performed on the fingerprints of ETEC， EPEC， and EAEC strains.ResultsDEC strains were isolated in 144 of 1 600 specimens from one district of Beijing from 2018 to 2022， with a detection rate of 9.00% （144/1 600）. The primary pathogenic type was ETEC， followed by EPEC， EAEC， and EHEC， no EIEC cases were detected. The male-to-female ratio of DEC infection cases was 1.48∶1， with the highest detection rate occurring in the 31~45 age group （11.15%， 59/529）. The year 2019 exhibited the highest positive detection rate of DEC， with the highest rates consistently observed during the summer months. Significant differences in the positive detection rate of DEC were observed among different age groups and years. Most of the DEC-positive patients suffered diarrhea， dehydration， abdominal pain and watery stool. The 144 DEC strains yielded 111 bands， with homology ranging from 13.07% to 100.00%. Isolates of the same type ranged from 2 to 7 strains， and their separation intervals varied from the same day to several years.ConclusionETEC and EPEC were the predominant pathogenic types of DEC in this area， while EHEC infections persisted. DEC exhibited a high incidence during the summer and was more frequently detected in young adults. The PFGE bands exhibited a highly polymorphic distribution.

This paper summarize the nursing practice of facial neuritis in a patient with multiple myeloma during the interval between chemotherapy. In addition to facial care, rehabilitation training and emotion care, Traditional Chinese Medicine characteristic nursing techniques such as acupoint application and acupuncture were carried out to relieve the symptoms of facial paralysis and anxiety of the patient, and ensure the following chemotherapy. (本文总结1例多发性骨髓瘤患者化疗间歇期合并急性面神经炎的护理经验。在面部护理、康复训练、情志护理的基础上, 采用穴位贴敷、针灸疗法等中医特色护理措施, 有效改善患者面瘫症状, 缓解焦虑情绪, 确保后续化疗疗程的顺利进行。)

[Objective] The investigation of temporal and spatial variations in vegetation greenness and its response to different land use types in karst rocky desertification and non-rocky desertification areas in Chongqing is crucial for guiding ecological restoration efforts in karst regions. [Methods] This study utilized vegetation leaf area index (LAI) data and land use type information to conduct a trend analysis and Hurst index calculations, aimed at analyzing the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of vegetation greenness in both rocky desertification and non-rocky desertification areas. Additionally, a land use transfer matrix was employed to quantitatively assess the impact of land use changes on vegetation greenness. [Results] (1) Vegetation greenness exhibited an increasing trend in both rocky desertification and non-rocky desertification areas, reaching maximum values of 1.36 and 1.69 respectively, with average annual growth rates of 0.014 and 0.012. (2) The dynamic changes observed in vegetation greenness within these areas demonstrated positive trends, with improvement trends accounting for 86.84% (rocky desertification) and 87.04% (non-rocky desertification). Furthermore, anti-continuous improvement trends were observed at rates of 52.82% (rocky desertification) and 80.29% (non-rocky desertification), indicating the primary change trajectory for future vegetation greenness. (3) The main land use types in both rocky and non-rocky desertification areas were woodland and cropland, and cropland converted from woodland was the main occurrence of degradation of vegetation greenness, while woodland converted from cropland, shrubs and grassland was the main occurrence of improvement of vegetation greenness. (4) The conversion of land use types with high leaf area index (LAI) to those with low LAI resulted in a decrease in LAI and vegetation greenness, while the conversion from low LAI land use types to high LAI land use types led to an increase in LAI. In areas affected by stony desertification and non-stony desertification, the maximum reduction in total LAI transfer was 11 902.04 and 4 442.18 respectively, whereas the maximum increase was 14 983.78 and 17 109.46 respectively. The impact on total LAI from construction land, water area, and bare land area was minimal and not significant. [Conclusion] These research findings contribute to understanding the change characteristics of vegetation greenness and its response mechanism towards land use changes in ecologically fragile areas. Furthermore, they provide a scientific basis for controlling rock desertification, ensuring ecological security, and promoting sustainable economic development in karst areas of Chongqing.

In order to overcome the problem that a single information source cannot accurately characterize the evolution features of mining landslide disasters, based on multi-source information fusion technology, this paper summarizes the research progress of mine slope landslide disasters from three aspects: multi-source information acquisition of mine slopes, multi-source information fusion of mine slopes, and mine slope displacement prediction and landslide risk assessment. The study summarizes typical slope monitoring methods of 'sky', 'air', and 'ground' , as well as integrated collaborative monitoring method of 'sky-air-ground'. The study sorts out the slope multi-source information fusion process that includes data level, feature level, and decision level fusion. The paper organizes the fusion forms of displacement and stress, displacement and hydrological and meteorological monitoring information, as well as other different types. This paper elaborates on the current research status of slope displacement prediction and landslide risk assessment based on multi-source information fusion. The accuracy of disaster analysis in current research on mine slope landslide disasters heavily depends on the quality of monitoring data and insufficient utilization of knowledge of rock mechanics mechanisms. Based on the above problems, the development trends of research on landslide disasters in mine slopes are pointed out. The multi-source data collection and access standards are unified. The method for analyzing landslide disasters in mine slopes is developed by integrating monitoring data with rock mechanics mechanisms. The spatiotemporal association mining algorithm for multi-source information from the 'sky-air-ground' is optimized. The construction of a mine slope landslide disaster warning platform based on multi-source information fusion is strengthened.

Abstract Background Computer gaming has recently been suggested to be associated with benefits for cognition, but its impact on incident dementia remains uncertain. We aimed to investigate the observational associations of playing computer games with incident dementia, cognitive functions, and brain structural measures, and further explore the genetic associations between computer gaming and dementia. Methods We included 471,346 White British participants without dementia at baseline based on the UK Biobank, and followed them until November 2022. We estimated the risk of dementia using Cox proportional hazard models, and assessed the changes of cognitive functions and brain structural measures using logistic regression models and linear regression models. Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were performed to examine the association between genetically determined computer gaming and dementia. Results High frequency of playing computer games was associated with decreased risk of incident dementia (HR, 0.81 [95% CI: 0.69, 0.94]). Individuals with high frequency of playing computer games had better performance in prospective memory (OR, 1.46 [1.26, 1.70]), reaction time (beta, -0.195 [-0.243, -0.147]), fluid intelligence (0.334 [0.286, 0.382]), numeric memory (0.107 [0.047, 0.166]), incorrect pairs matching (-0.253 [-0.302, -0.203]), and high volume of gray matter in hippocampus (0.078 [0.023, 0.134]). Genetically determined high frequency of playing computer games was associated with a low risk of dementia (OR, 0.37 [0.15, 0.91]). Conclusions Computer gaming was associated with a decreased risk of dementia, favorable cognitive function, and better brain structure, suggesting that computer gaming could modulate cognitive function and may be a promising target for dementia prevention.

ObjectiveTo identify the optimal parameters of gross movement interventions to yield the strongest effects on physical fitness among children aged 3–10 years and to provide a reference for the development of gross movement interventions to improve the physical fitness of children.BackgroundThere has been a global decline in children’s physical fitness. Previous studies have shown that gross movement interventions can improve children’s physical fitness, but the optimal intervention parameters for achieving the strongest effects have yet to be determined. Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis to determine the optimal intervention parameters for yielding the strongest effects on children’s physical fitness.MethodsWe searched the Web of Science, PubMed, China Biology Medicine, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, and China Science and Technology Journal databases to identify randomized controlled trials on the effects of gross movement interventions (walking, running, jumping, throwing, batting, rolling, spinning, catching, and leg lifting) on children’s physical fitness (upper-body strength, lower-body strength, explosive power, speed, flexibility, and balance). We included studies published up to September 2023. The inclusion and exclusion criteria were developed based on the PICOS framework, and the quality of the included studies was evaluated. Subgroup analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.3, and the data were pooled using a random effects model to obtain the SMD (or WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsA total of 23 studies involving 2007 healthy children aged 3–10 years met the inclusion criteria. Gross movement interventions significantly improved the explosive power of children aged 3–10 years [WMD, 6.2]. The most effective intervention duration was 16–18 weeks [WMD, 0.45]. The most effective intervention frequency was one session per week [WMD, 1.06]. The optimal duration of single sessions was 60 min [WMD, 0.47]. Children aged 7–10 years [WMD, 1.41] showed the most significant improvements in physical fitness after gross movement interventions.ConclusionGross movement interventions had a positive effect on the physical fitness of children aged 3–10 years. The optimal intervention parameters include 60-min sessions once a week across a total duration of 16–18 weeks.

Towards the trend of evolution from controlled data sharing in the information technology era to ubiquitous circulation of data elements in the data technology era, the difference between data sharing and data element circulation was analyzed, what kind of data could become a data element was explained, and six attributes that data must have to become a data element were put forward. The data element circulation model and its primary links were defined, and the research scope of data element circulation was clarified. Furthermore, the relevant concepts of data element circulation were combed through, the important key technologies were analyzed, and the key technologies that need to be solved in the future were outlooked.

Grapefruit juice was debittered by cleaving the bitter compound naringin through fermentation with lactic acid bacteria with strong ability to metabolize functional oligosaccharide. The experimental results showed that the content of naringin in the fruit juice was reduced by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 1-1-2 fermentation, while the content of naringenin was significantly increased, and the content of total phenols and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging capacity were also significantly increased. DPPH radical scavenging activity was positively correlated with the contents of total phenols and naringenin. These findings prove that L. plantarum 1-1-2 can hydrolyze naringin into naringenin, with significantly higher antioxidant activity. The sensory evaluation score of fermented grapefruit juice was higher than that of unfermented grapefruit juice. This study can provide a theoretical basis for improving the taste of grapefruit juice and developing functional probiotic fermented products.

Purposes The Young’s moduli of nanomaterials are completely different from these of their bulk counterparts, and the size effect on Young’s modulus is greatly obvious. Moreover, the change trend of Young’s modulus with size is complicate. With size dropping, the Young’s moduli of some metallic nanomaterials increase, while they decrease for some semiconductor nanomaterials. However, the reason why size effect on the Young’s modulus of nanomaterials varies, is still unclear. Methods In this study, on the basis of the thermodynamic theory and cohesive energy of nanomaterials, a theoretical model for the size-dependent Young’s modulus of nanomaterials is deduced. In this model, the inherent relationship between atomic potential and the Young’s modulus is taken into account, and material coefficient that directly reflects the bond nature in a material is introduced. The established model can well explain the change trend of Young’s modulus with size for metallic and nonmetallic materials, and also discover the contributions of surface modulus and interior modulus for the Young’s modulus in a nanomaterial. Simultaneously, the physical mechanism of relationship of Young’s modulus with size or atomic bond is explained. Conclusions The predictions for the Young’s moduli of zero-dimensional nanoparticles, one-dimensional nanowires, and two-dimensional nanofilms are obtained by analyzing the established theoretical model in this study.

This study aimed to estimate the incidence rate and clinical characteristics of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in the Chinese population, specially comparing the North and South regions.

Drynaria roosii is a typical epiphytic pteridophyte in karst area, which lives on the surface or crevice of rocks mainly through its rhizome. The dried rhizome of D. roosii is used as medicine and has important medicinal value. In order to study the changes of metabolites in D. roosii rhizome under Ca2+ stress, the D. roosii rhizome under different concentrations (0, 600, 1 200 mmol·L-1) of Ca2+ stress was analyzed by using the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS). The results were as follows: (1) A total of 64 differentially expressed metabolites were identified. (2) Forty-eight differentially expressed metabolites were identified between the 0 mmol·L-1and 600 mmol·L-1 comparison group, 45 differentially expressed metabolites were identified between the 0 mmol·L-1 and 1 200 mmol·L-1 comparison group, and 44 differentially expressed metabolites were identified between the 600 and 1 200 mmol·L-1 comparison group. (3) The identified differentially expressed metabolites were classified into five categories according to their chemical classification information. In summary, Ca2+ stress affects the amino acid metabolism, flavonoids biosynthesis, lignin biosynthesis, fatty acid metabolism and other pathways of D. roosii rhizome. Through non-targeted metabolomics analysis, the key metabolites that response to Ca2+ stress in D. roosii rhizome are revealed. These results lay a foundation for further study on the regulatory mechanism of D. roosii adaptation to Ca2+ stress, and also provide a new idea for the quality improvement of medicinal materials of D. roosii rhizome.

The problem of food-borne illnesses due to microbial contamination of infant and young children foods is usually of international concern， and the unique character of the infant and young child population requires special and strict food safety requirements for their own foods. This article reviews the progress of contamination with Salmonella and Cronobacter （Enterobacter sakazakii） of Enterobacteriaceae family in foods for infants and young children and its diseases risk at home and abroad in recent years， and also provides technical support for the revision of national standards for infant and young children foods and its manufacturing processes in China through the comparative analysis of domestic and international microbiological limits for infant and young children foods.

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) plays an important role in the production of sourdough, and has a significant impact on its flavor and other qualities. In order to select LAB starter culture for specialty sourdough and develop differentiated sour dough bread, this study evaluated the glucose metabolism capacity, organic acid production capacity and flavor characteristics of LAB strains isolated from different kinds of traditional fermented foods, and their effects on the flavor of sourdough and bread were also verified. The results showed that there were 6 LAB strains with strong glucose metabolism and acid production performance, and excellent flavor characteristics. The volatile flavor substances produced by these strains were mainly composed of alcohols, esters, ketones, aldehydes, acids, and other compounds. Among them, two Lactobacillus plantarum strains might be the main contributors of special flavors such as sourness, fruitiness and rice wine flavor to sourdough bread. These obtained strains provide resources for the development of sourdough starter culture with characteristic aroma components, and have potential for industrial application.

BackgroundChronic respiratory disease is an important public health problem in the United States and globally. Diet, an important part of a healthy lifestyle, is also relevant to chronic respiratory health. We aimed to explore the relationship between overall dietary quality and the risk of chronic respiratory disease (CRD), include chronic bronchitis (CB), emphysema and asthma.MethodA total of 4,499 United States adults were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in 2017–2018. Diet quality was assessed using 2 day, 24 h dietary recall data and quantified as the Healthy Diet Index (HEI)-2020 score. Binary logistic regression models, restricted cubic splines (RCS) and generalized additive modeling (GAM), the weighted quartile sum (WQS) and qgcom models were used to assess the relationship between HEI-2020 scores and risk of CB, emphysema and asthma.ResultsHigh HEI-2020 scores are associated with low risk of chronic respiratory disease (CB: 0.98, 0.97–0.99; emphysema: 0.98, 0.97–0.99; asthma: 0.98, 0.97–0.99) and consistent results across different dietary variable categorization (Tertile: CB: 0.58, 0.42–0.81; asthma: 0.51, 0.35–0.74; Quartile: CB: 0.57, 0.34–0.97; asthma: 0.56, 0.36–0.86) and different weighting models. Negative dose-response relationship between dietary quality and risk of chronic respiratory disease also shown in RCS and GAM models. The WQS and qgcom models also showed a healthy mixing effect of dietary components on respiratory disease, with high-quality proteins, vegetables, and fruits making the heaviest contributions.ConclusionHigher HEI-2020 scores were associated with lower risk of CB, emphysema, and asthma. Following Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2020–2025 could support enhanced respiratory health.

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from a 28-year-old male patient with unipolar depression were reprogrammed with reprogramming factors by electroporation. The pluripotency of transgene-free induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) was verified by immunofluorescence staining for pluripotency markers, and these iPSCs were able to differentiate into the 3 germ layers in vitro. These iPSCs also showed normal karyotypes. Thus, we believe that these iPSCs could be valuable models for exploring the underlying biological mechanism of depression and the safety of antidepressants through the use of iPSCs differentiated into different kinds of neurons or brain organoids.

The hematopoietically-expressed homeobox gene (HHEX) played a critical role in regulating the immune system that the abnormality of which was involved in the psychopathology and cognitive deficits of psychiatric disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of HHEX rs1111875 polymorphism on the susceptibility and cognitive deficits of first-episode schizophrenic patients (FSP). We assessed cognitive function in 239 first-episode patients meeting DSM-IV for schizophrenia, and 368 healthy controls using the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). The HHEX rs1111875 polymorphism was genotyped. Our results showed that the allelic and genotypic frequencies of HHEX rs1111875 polymorphism didn't differ between FSP and healthy controls (both p > 0.05) after adjusting for sex and age. Cognitive test scores in FSP were significantly lower than those in healthy controls on all scales (all p 0.05) after adjusting for covariates. There was a significant genotype (p 0.05) effect on the delayed memory score after adjusting for covariates. The HHEX rs1111875 polymorphism was significantly associated with the delayed memory score in FSP (p 0.05) after adjusting for covariates. Our findings supported that the HHEX rs1111875 polymorphism did not contribute to the susceptibility to FSP. However, this polymorphism might influence the delayed memory in FSP. Moreover, FSP had poorer cognitive function than healthy controls except for the visuospatial/constructional domain.

The LCL-type grid-connected inverter (GCI) is a critical device for realizing energy transmission between distributed generation and the power grid. The current control of the GCI typically requires multiple sensors to enable active damping and grid-side current control, which increases the system cost. A full-state observation system based on state reconfiguration with quasi resonant-extended state observer was proposed, in which just a signal inverter-side inductor current sensor was required to realize real-time observation of the desired state variables. Meanwhile, the constraint of high observer bandwidth required for conventional extended state observer to track sinusoidal signals was solved by adding a quasi resonant link to the observation channel of each state variable of extended state observer. Moreover, the active disturbance rejection control current controller was designed in the dq frame, which simplified the complicated decoupling process of conventional methods by treating the coupling as part of the total disturbance. The software numerical simulation illustrates that the control strategy show excellent observation results and current tracking performance.

Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide, and its mortality rate remains high. In addition to conventional surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, immunotherapy methods have been developed and used in recent years for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, only a small number of patients with NSCLC can benefit from immunotherapy strategies, and some patients even have hyperprogression after receiving immunotherapy. Therefore, precision immunotherapy requires effective biomarkers to guide it. In this paper, tissue samples, blood samples, intestinal microbiota, and other biomarkers are reviewed according to different sample sources. Blood samples, including TCR immune repertoire, Tregs cells, cytokines, lactate dehydrogenase, and other markers, are summarized and analyzed to provide reference for clinicians' diagnosis and treatment decisions.

The carbonate reservoir in Puguang Gas Field has the characteristics of large burial depth， developed reef-flat facies， poor matrix properties， widespread development of natural fractures， and strong heterogeneity. The challenge is to construct three-dimensional geological modeling of such strongly heterogeneous dual-medium reservoirs. We divided the reservoir modeling object into two major media： matrix and fracture. Based on single well interpretation data and seismic wave impedance data， the matrix model was established by using well-seismic combination， step-by-step facies control， and multi-trend fusion probability constraint volume construction. According to the idea of multi-scale and multi-stage modeling， the entropy weight method combined with expert experience evaluation was used to construct the spatial distribution constraint volume of fracture through the integration of mechanism-geology-seismic data， as well as tectonic stress fields， distances to the fault， and seismic sensitive attributes of fractures. Under the constraints of the constraint volume， the fracture model was constructed by the discrete fracture network modeling. The numerical simulation of the gas reservoir was conducted on the established matrix-fracture model. The historical fitting rate of each well reaches 90%， and the fitting error is controlled within 20%， indicating a high fitting accuracy of the model.

Background: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is an X-linked recessive Mendelian genetic disorder characterized by neonatal jaundice and hemolytic anemia, affecting more than 400 million people worldwide. The purpose of this research was to investigate prevalence rates of G6PD deficiency and to evaluate and establish specific cut-off values in early prediction of G6PD deficiency by regions (HeFei, FuYang, AnQing) on different seasons, as well as to investigate the frequencies of G6PD gene mutations among three regions mentioned above. Methods: A total of 31,482 neonates (21,402, 7680, and 2340 for HeFei, FuYang, and AnQing cities, respectively) were recruited. Positive subjects were recalled to attend genetic tests for diagnosis. G6PD activity on the Genetic screening processor (GSP analyzer, 2021-0010) was measured following the manufactureržs protocol. The cut-off value was first set to 35 U/dL. The receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve was employed to assess and compare the efficiency in predicting G6PD deficiency among HeFei, FuYang, and AnQing cities in different seasons. Results: 31482 participants were screened for G6PD deficiency, and 29 neonates were finally identified with G6PD deficiency, with a prevalence rate of 0.09%. The incidence rate of the G6PD deficiency was 0.10% (22/21,380) for HeFei, 0.04%(3/7,667) for FuYang, and 0.17% (4/2,396) for AnQing. The optimal cut-off values of the ROC curve in the prediction of G6PD deficiency was 26.55 U/dL for HeFei (spring: 21.80 U/dL, summer: 26.55 U/dL, winter: 23.16 U/dL), 6.35 U/dL for FuYang, 7.15 U/dL for AnQing. R463H (17/57, 29.82%) was the most frequent variation, followed by R459L (15/57, 26.31%), H32R (8/57, 14.04%), L342F (6/57, 10.53%), V291M (6/57, 10.53%). Conclusion: We have established the optimal cut-off values of G6PD activity in predicting G6PD deficiency among HeFei, FuYang and AnQing in different seasons. This will aid the early detection of G6PD deficiency among neonates of the regions mentioned above. We have also investigated the prevalence of the regions and discovered frequency mutations. Those results will help G6PD screening promotion and precision diagnosis for Anhui province.

Electrochemical mass spectrometry is an important technique for studying the mechanism of electrochemical reactions. Mass spectrometry has the advantages of high detection sensitivity, high detection throughput and high specificity, which enables simultaneous acquisition of qualitative and quantitative informations for multiple components, making it highly valuable in the monitoring of electrochemical reaction products and the identification of intermediates. In general, electrolyte is necessary for electrochemical reaction. However, these electrolyte salts are detrimental to mass spectrometry analysis as they not only cause condensation in the mass spectrometry inlet, leading to blockage, but also impede the signal of the target analyte or form adduct ions with target analyte, resulting in a complex mass spectrum and increased analytical challenges. It is of great significance to develop a mass spectrometry method to real-time obtain trace organic components in high concentration buffer salt solutions. Therefore, a novel atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (APCI-MS) method was developed for online analysis of trace organic components in high concentration buffer salt solutions, and a small volume flow electrolytic cell, stable performance, and simple structure were fabricated for on-line electrochemical reaction, which employed Pt, Pt and Ag/AgCl as working electrode, counter electrode and reference electrode, respectively. After combination of the APCI-MS and flow electrolytic cell, an electrochemical mass spectrometry device and method for on-line analysis of the electrochemical process in high concentration buffer salt solutions were constructed. As a proof of concept application, the device and method were used to on-line and real-time study the electrochemical oxidation process of dopamine in phosphate buffer salt solutions. The experimental results showed that the APCI-MS method can efficiently remove the inorganic salts in solutions on-line by on-line thermal deposition, while the organic components can be ionized by APCI for mass spectrometry detection. The results of dopamine electrochemical oxidation analysis showed that dopamine was not oxidized under the oxidation potential at 0 V, and only the protonated dopamine m/z 154 [M+H]+ was obtained. When the oxidation potential was +0.3 V, in addition to the protonated dopamine, the protonated peak m/z 150 [M+H]+ of dopachrome was generated by losing 4e- from dopamine, and the protonated peak m/z 303 [M+H]+ of the adduct dopachrome and dopamine formed by the intermolecular hydrogen bonding were also obtained. When the oxidation potential increased to +0.6 V, the contents of oxidation products m/z 150 and m/z 303 were further increased. The results demonstrated that this method has great application potential in studying the electrochemical reaction.

In order to study the quality change of coffee malt premixed powder with the extension of storage period, the coffee malt premixed powder was stored at the environment where the temperature is 25 ℃ and 35 ℃, respectively, and the relative humidity is 50% respectively. Its moisture, fatty acid value and falling value were monitored during the whole storage period. The volatile compounds were separated and identified by solid phase microextraction accompanying gas chromatography-mass spectrometry during the whole storage period. The results demonstrated that with the extension of storage period, the overall moisture content shows a falling trend, while the fatty acid value and falling value show an overall rising trend. The higher the storage temperature, the more significant the change is 41 kinds of main volatile compounds of coffee malt ready mixed powder were identified. It mainly includes 13 kinds of aldehydes, 15 kinds of heterocycles, 7 kinds of esters, 4 kinds of alcohols and 2 kinds of ketones. Among them, the relative concentration of aldehydes (n-hexanal, nonanal, trans-2-nonenal) showed an increasing trend with the extension of storage period.

Different malt samples with various total acid content were used to brew beer. The organic acid content in both the malt and the brewed beer was measured by using high-Performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to establish the correlation between the total acid content in malt and the organic acid content in the beer. Additionally, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to detect the components of volatile compounds in the beer, and sensory evaluation was employed to assess the brewed beer's qualities. The results indicated that as the total acid content in malt increased, the pH value gradually decreased, and the content of succinic acid, malic acid, lactic acid, and acetic acid increased. There was a significant positive correlation between the total acid content in malt and the total acid content, malic acid content, and lactic acid content in the beer, with correlation coefficients of 0.94, 0.94, and 0.92, respectively. Different malt samples with varying total acid content demonstrated different characteristic aroma compounds in the brewed beer, contributing to differences in sensory attributes. As the total acid content in malt increased, the perceived acidity score of the brewed beer increased, while the scores for hop/fruit aroma, phenolic aroma, and alcohol perception decreased.

[Objective]The flow of private data elements plays a crucial role in the food supply chain, and the safe and efficient operation of the food supply chain can be ensured through the effective management and flow of private data elements. Through collaborative computing among the whole chain of the food supply chain, the production, transportation and storage processes of food can be better monitored and managed, so that possible quality and safety problems can be detected and solved in a timely manner, and the health and rights of consumers can be safeguarded. It can also be applied to the security risk assessment and early warning of the food supply chain. By analyzing big data, potential risk factors and abnormalities can be identified, and timely measures can be taken for early warning and intervention to reduce the possibility of quality and safety risks. This study combined the industrial Internet identification and resolution system with the federated learning algorithm, which can realize collaborative learning among multiple enterprises, and each enterprise can carry out collaborative training of the model without sharing the original data, which protects the privacy and security of the data while realizing the flow of the data, and it can also make use of the data resources distributed in different segments, which can realize more comprehensive and accurate collaborative calculations, and improve the safety and credibility of the industrial Internet system's security and credibility.[Methods]To address the problem of not being able to share and participate in collaborative computation among different subjects in the grain supply chain due to the privacy of data elements, this study first analyzed and summarized the characteristics of data elements in the whole link of grain supply chain, and proposed a grain supply chain data flow and collaborative computation architecture based on the combination of the industrial Internet mark resolution technology and the idea of federated learning, which was constructed in a layered and graded model to provide a good infrastructure for the decentralized between the participants. The data identification code for the flow of food supplied chain data elements and the task identification code for collaborative calculation of food supply chain, as well as the corresponding parameter data model, information data model and evaluation data model, were designed to support the interoperability of federated learning data. A single-link horizontal federation learning model with isomorphic data characteristics of different subjects and a cross-link vertical federation learning model with heterogeneous data characteristics were constructed, and the model parameters were quickly adjusted and calculated based on logistic regression algorithm, neural network algorithm and other algorithms, and the food supply chain security risk assessment scenario was taken as the object of the research, and the research was based on the open source FATE (Federated AI Technology) federation learning model. Enabler (Federated AI Technology) federated learning platform for testing and validation, and visualization of the results to provide effective support for the security management of the grain supply chain.[Results and Discussion]Compared with the traditional single-subject assessment calculation method, the accuracy of single-session isomorphic horizontal federation learning model assessment across subjects was improved by 6.7%, and the accuracy of heterogeneous vertical federation learning model assessment across sessions and subjects was improved by 8.3%. This result showed that the single-session isomorphic horizontal federated learning model assessment across subjects could make full use of the data information of each subject by merging and training the data of different subjects in the same session, thus improving the accuracy of security risk assessment. The heterogeneous vertical federated learning model assessment of cross-session and cross-subject further promotes the application scope of collaborative computing by jointly training data from different sessions and subjects, which made the results of safety risk assessment more comprehensive and accurate. The advantage of combining federated learning and logo resolution technology was that it could conduct model training without sharing the original data, which protected data privacy and security. At the same time, it could also realize the effective use of data resources and collaborative computation, improving the efficiency and accuracy of the assessment process.[Conclusions]The feasibility and effectiveness of this study in practical applications in the grain industry were confirmed by the test validation of the open-source FATE federated learning platform. This provides reliable technical support for the digital transformation of the grain industry and the security management of the grain supply chain, and helps to improve the intelligence level and competitiveness of the whole grain industry. Therefore, this study can provide a strong technical guarantee for realizing the safe, efficient and sustainable development of the grain supply chain.

Objective To construct the chitosan/BMP-2 plasmid thermosensitive hydrogel complex CS/CSn（pDNA-BMP2）-GP，and evaluate the effect of this composite system on alveolar bone regeneration in beagle dogs. Methods Periodontitis models were established in the second and third premolars from 4 beagle dogs. All teeth were randomly divided into three groups： CS/CSn-GP group，CS/CSn（pDNA-BMP2）-GP group and blank control group. In the CS/CSn-GP group，CS/CSn-GP was injected. In the CS/CSn（pDNA-BMP2）-GP group，CS/CSn（pDNA-BMP2）-GP was injected. In the blank control group，no material was injected. All animals were sacrificed 8 weeks later. The alveolar bone regeneration in periodontitis was observed by Masson staining. The expression of alkaline phosphatase （ALP） in bone defects was observed by calcium and cobalt staining. Results Masson staining showed that different degrees of alveolar bone regeneration was noted in the CS/CSN-GP and CS/CSn（pDNA-BMP2）-GP groups，and significant regeneration was noted in the CS/CSn（pDNA-BMP2）-GP group. Calcium and cobalt staining revealed strongly-positive ALP in the CS/CSn（pDNA-BMP2）-GP group，weakly-positive ALP in the CS/ CSN-GP group，and negative result in the blank control group. The average optical density value in the ALP-positive staining area in the CS/CSn（pDNA-BMP2）-GP group was higher than that in the CS/CSn-GP group，followed by that in the blank control group（all P < 0.05）. Conclusions CS/CSn-GP composite repair system exerts positive effect on alveolar bone regeneration. Inclusion of pDNA-BMP2 can significantly promote the effect on alveolar bone regeneration.

In this study, the effects of applying a full oxygen blast furnace (FOBF) on carbon emissions were investigated by determining the ultimate minimum carbon consumption and a carbon metabolism calculation model. The results demonstrate that the minimum coke ratio of the top gas circulation-FOBF (TGR-FOBF) is significantly reduced (from 270 to 207 kg·thm−1) compared to that of the traditional ironmaking blast furnace (TBF). Owing to the complete recycling of the furnace top gas of the TGR-FOBF, the degree of direct reduction of TGR-FOBF significantly decreased to 0.14. The replacement of the TGR-FOBF with the three TBFs significantly reduced the CO2 emissions, which were the highest at 1.761 t-CO2/t-CS. Most of the CO2 emissions were generated by the direct combustion emissions (CDE) and direct process emissions (PDE), with a small amount generated by the electricity indirect emissions (EIE). The CO2 emissions generated by CDE, PDE, and EIE were 0.872 t-CO2/t-CS, 0.840 t-CO2/t-CS, and 0.049 t-CO2/t-CS, respectively. As the amount of TGR-FOBF replaced with the three TBFs increased, the CO2 emissions generated by the CDE and PDE significantly decreased. When all three TBFs were replaced with TGR–FOBF, the CO2 emissions generated by the CDE and PDE decreased to extremely low levels of 0.267 t-CO2/t-CS and 0.065 t-CO2/t-CS, respectively.

The Ti-bearing oxides are introduced into HRB400 steel melt through external addition method (EAM, TiO2) and internal precipitation method (IPM, Ti alloy) using a vacuum induction furnace, respectively. For each experiment, the instantaneous evolution of oxide properties was investigated through the analysis of intermediate samples. For the EAM method, it was found that the titanium content gradually increased with increase in the treatment time. Similar increasing trend is also observed for Ti-bearing oxide properties, such as the number density and normalized titanium content. These phenomena are totally different from those in the IPM intermediate samples, in which both Ti content and Ti-bearing oxide features show rapid increase, reaching saturation at 1 min after the addition of Ti alloy, and remain relatively stable thereafter. This comparison hints that after TiO2 addition, they first dissolve in molten steel, then decompose, and finally again form Ti-bearing oxides. Furthermore, in the case of similar titanium content, EAM intermediate samples exhibit higher Ti-bearing oxide number density and higher normalized titanium content compared to IPM samples. After heat treatment, the intragranular ferrite nucleation was observed in cast sample of EAM, which was induced by the introduced Ti-bearing oxides.

ABSTRACTThe SARS-CoV-2 pandemic was marked with emerging viral variants, some of which were designated as variants of concern (VOCs) due to selection and rapid circulation in the human population. Here, we elucidate functional features of each VOC linked to variations in replication rate. Patient-derived primary nasal cultures grown at air-liquid interface were used to model upper respiratory infection and compared to cell lines derived from human lung epithelia. All VOCs replicated to higher titers than the ancestral virus, suggesting a selection for replication efficiency. In primary nasal cultures, Omicron replicated to the highest titers at early time points, followed by Delta, paralleling comparative studies of population sampling. All SARS-CoV-2 viruses entered the cell primarily via a transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2)-dependent pathway, and Omicron was more likely to use an endosomal route of entry. All VOCs activated and overcame dsRNA-induced cellular responses, including interferon (IFN) signaling, oligoadenylate ribonuclease L degradation, and protein kinase R activation. Among the VOCs, Omicron infection induced expression of the most IFN and IFN-stimulated genes. Infections in nasal cultures resulted in cellular damage, including a compromise of cell barrier integrity and loss of nasal cilia and ciliary beating function, especially during Delta infection. Overall, Omicron was optimized for replication in the upper respiratory tract and least favorable in the lower respiratory cell line, and Delta was the most cytopathic for both upper and lower respiratory cells. Our findings highlight the functional differences among VOCs at the cellular level and imply distinct mechanisms of pathogenesis in infected individuals.IMPORTANCEComparative analysis of infections by SARS-CoV-2 ancestral virus and variants of concern, including Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron, indicated that variants were selected for efficiency in replication. In infections of patient-derived primary nasal cultures grown at air-liquid interface to model upper respiratory infection, Omicron reached the highest titers at early time points, a finding that was confirmed by parallel population sampling studies. While all infections overcame dsRNA-mediated host responses, infections with Omicron induced the strongest interferon and interferon-stimulated gene response. In both primary nasal cultures and lower respiratory cell line, infections by Delta were most damaging to the cells as indicated by syncytia formation, loss of cell barrier integrity, and nasal ciliary function.

Abstract To keep up with the contemporary health landscape, there is an imperative need for healthcare professionals to practise health advocacy through health promotion on the individual, population, and systems levels. In the Academic Year of 2020/2021, the National University of Singapore (NUS) Department of Pharmacy implemented a new spiral curriculum integrating basic, clinical, and systems sciences with one of its aims to deepen students’ health advocacy internalisation and prepare them as future health advocates. A mixed-methods approach was adopted. Questionnaires were disseminated across three time-points to elicit students’ levels of internalisation of health advocacy, which were then categorised into levels, and a Mann–Whitney U test was conducted. In comparison with prematriculation, no significant difference was found after students underwent the first year of the curriculum, while a significant difference was found after students underwent two years of the curriculum. Semi-structured interviews were also conducted after each Academic Year to gain deeper insights into the questionnaire results. Thematic analysis of the interviews revealed that curricular integration in the first year was perceived to be lacking. However, with learnt knowledge constantly reinforced and more experiential learning opportunities incorporated throughout the second year, students found the integrated curriculum beneficial in instilling confidence to practise health advocacy. This study offers insights into the prospects of a spiral integrated curriculum in imparting health advocacy, and may even suggest its potential to be applied to other educational settings. Future follow-up studies can also be conducted on the same study population to evaluate long-term impacts and areas for improvement of the curriculum.

The research on terahertz wave manipulation based on metasurfaces has gradually deepened, and the number of functions or electromagnetic control dimensions in a single device is constantly increasing. For the spatial dimension of terahertz field regulation, its design degrees of freedom have been expanded from a single transverse plane to the propagation path. In this paper, we propose a novel circularly polarization multiplexed metasurface for dual channel terahertz wave transmission control. Based on the spatial integration of two heterogeneous meta-atoms, which are spin-decoupled and isotropic, respectively, there are four phase channels that can be used at the same time, thus achieving different switching between vector and scalar beams in different circularly polarization channels along the optical path. For linearly polarized wave incidence, the device exhibits conversion between different vector beams longitudinally. To control more electric field components, we combine focused wavefront design with vector or scalar fields and utilize the focusing induced spin–orbit coupling effect, then complex amplitude switching of longitudinal electric field components is obtained. This article extends the manipulation of terahertz waves along the propagation trajectory based on metasurface from single to dual channel for the first time, providing a reference for the design of multifunctional meta-device in terahertz band.

Abstract Background Schizophrenia was clinically documented to co-occur with fractures and aberrant bone mineral density (BMD), but the potential causal relationship remained unclear. This study aimed to test the causal effects between schizophrenia and fractures as well as aberrant BMD by conducting Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses. Methods Two-sample MR was utilized, based on instrumental variables from large genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of schizophrenia as exposure, to identify the causal association of schizophrenia with mixed fractures, fractures at different body sites (including skull and facial bones, shoulder and upper arm, wrist and hand, and femur) and BMDs of forearm (FA), femoral neck (FN), lumbar spine (LS) and estimated BMD (eBMD). Multivariable Mendelian randomization (MVMR) analysis was performed to minimize the confounding effect of body mass index (BMI). Results Result from inverse variance weighting (IVW) method provided evidence schizophrenia increased the risk of fractures of skull and facial bones [odds ratio (OR) = 1.0006, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.0003 to 1.0010] and femur [OR =1.0007, 95% CI: 1.0003 to 1.0011], whereas, decreased the level of eBMD [β (95%CI): -0.013 (-0.021, -0.004)]. These causal effects still existed after adjusting for BMI. Sensitivity analyses showed similar results. However, no causal effect of schizophrenia on fracture or BMD in other parts was detected. Conclusion The current finding confirmed that schizophrenia was causally associated with the fractures of skull, face and femur as well as eBMD, which might remind psychiatrists to pay close attention to the fracture risk in schizophrenic patients when formulating their treatment strategies.

Abstract Background Injury is a leading cause of preventable morbidity and mortality in the USA. Ongoing surveillance is needed to understand changing injury patterns to effectively target prevention efforts. Launched jointly in 2000 by the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System-All Injury Program (NEISS-AIP) provides national-level estimates of US emergency department visits for nonfatal injuries. A scoping review of peer-reviewed articles was conducted to characterize how NEISS-AIP data have been used for injury surveillance in the USA. Main Body This review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Three bibliographic databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar) were systematically searched for English language peer-reviewed articles that used NEISS-AIP data as the primary data source during 2001–2021. Key article characteristics from included articles were abstracted to generate descriptive summary statistics to understand the use and limitations of NEISS-AIP for injury surveillance. Database queries returned 6944 citations; 594 citations were manually reviewed, and 167 non-duplicate journal articles were identified. An average of 8.0 articles (range: 1–14) were published annually during 2001–2021. Articles appeared in 72 different journals representing a diverse audience with the majority of articles written by CDC authors. Starting in 2013, a higher proportion of articles were published by non-CDC authors. The largest number of articles examined injury among all age groups (n = 71); however, the pediatric population was the specific age group of greatest interest (n = 48), followed by older adults (n = 23). Falls (n = 20) and motor-vehicle-related injuries (n = 10) were the most studied injury mechanisms. The most commonly identified limitation identified by authors of reviewed articles was that NEISS-AIP only produces national estimates and therefore, cannot be used for state- or county-level injury surveillance (n = 38). Conclusions NEISS-AIP has contributed to nonfatal injury surveillance in the USA. CDC and CPSC continue to work together to expand and enhance NEISS-AIP data collection. Researchers are encouraged to continue using this publicly available dataset for injury surveillance.

For air traffic controllers, the extent of their cognitive workload can significantly impact their cognitive function and response time, consequently influencing their operational efficiency or even resulting in safety incidents. In order to enhance the accuracy and efficiency in determining the cognitive workload of air traffic controllers, a cognitive workload detection method for air traffic controllers based on mRMR and fewer EEG channels was proposed in this study. First of all, a set of features related to gamma waves was initially proposed; subsequently, an EEG feature evaluation method based on the mRMR algorithm was employed to pinpoint the most relevant indicators for the detection of the cognitive workload. Consequently, a model for the detection of the cognitive workload of controllers was developed, and it was optimized by filtering out channel combinations that exhibited higher sensitivity to the workload using the mRMR algorithm. The results demonstrate that the enhanced model achieves the accuracy and stability required for practical applications. Notably, in this study, only three EEG channels were employed to achieve the highly precise detection of the cognitive workload of controllers. This approach markedly increases the practicality of employing EEG equipment for the detection of the cognitive workload and streamlines the detection process.

Current global challenges associated with energy security and climate emergency, caused by the combustion of fossil fuels (e.g., jet fuel and diesel), necessitate the accelerated development and deployment of sustainable fuels derived from renewable biomass-based chemical feedstocks. This study focuses on the production of long-chain (straight and branched) ketones by direct α-alkylation of short chain ketones using both homogenous and solid base catalysts in water. Thus, produced long-chain ketones are fuel precursors and can subsequently be hydrogenated to long-chain alkanes suitable for blending in aviation and liquid transportation fuels. Herein, we report a thorough investigation of the catalytic activity of Pd in combination with, (i) homogenous and solid base additives; (ii) screening of different supports using NaOH as a base additive, and (iii) a comparative study of the Ni and Pd metals supported on layered double oxides (LDOs) in α-alkylation of 2-butanone with 1-propanol as an exemplar process. Among these systems, 5%Pd/BaSO4 with NaOH as a base showed the best results, giving 94% 2-butanone conversion and 84% selectivity to alkylated ketones. These results demonstrated that both metal and base sites are necessary for the selective conversion of 2-butanone to alkylated ketones. Additionally, amongst the solid base additives, Pd/C with 5% Ba/hydrotalcite showed the best result with 51% 2-butanone conversion and 36% selectivity to the alkylated ketones. Further, the screening of heterogenous acid-base catalysts 2.5%Ni/Ba1.2Mg3Al1 exhibited an adequate catalytic activity (21%) and ketone selectivity (47%).

Objective·To study whether mutations at the I72 site of phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase 1 (PRPS1) can induce resistance in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells to thiopurine chemotherapy drugs 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) and 6-thioguanine (6-TG), and explain their mechanisms of action.Methods·The PRPS1 gene mutations (I72F, R177S and V316L) found in clinical practice and PRPS1 gene mutations (V208A and V289A) present in two ALL cell lines (KOPN72bi and RS4;11) were constructed into the vector pGV303 fused with green fluorescent protein (GFP), respectively. The PRPS1 A190T mutation that has been proven to be resistant to thiopurine chemotherapy drugs was used as the positive control, and the empty vector pGV303 (Vector), PRPS1 wild-type (WT) and PRPS1 I72V were used as the negative controls. The various mutants of PRPS1 were transiently transfected into HEK-293T cells (referred to as 293T cells), and the expression of these exogenous PRPS1 was detected by Western blotting. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 6-MP or 6-TG on the above 293T cell lines transiently transfected with PRPS1 mutants was detected and calculated by drug sensitivity experiments. Subsequently, in addition to PRPS1 I72F and I72V, multiple mutations I72M, I72L, I72N, I72S and I72T were constructed into the vector pGV303, respectively, by changing the isoleucine (I) at position 72 into other amino acids. The various mutants were transiently transfected into 293T cells, respectively, and the protein expression of each mutant and IC50 values of 6-MP or 6-TG were detected by Western blotting and drug sensitivity experiments. PRPS1 WT, I72F, I72V, A190T and pGV303 vectors were transfected into REH cell lines by lentivirus infection, and GFP-positive cells were sorted by flow cytometry to obtain cells with stable expression of PRPS1 mutants. The protein expression of each mutant in REH cells and IC50 values of 6-MP or 6-TG were detected by Western blotting and drug sensitivity experiments to verify the results of drug sensitivity experiments obtained by 293T cells. Annexin V/DAPI double staining was used to evaluate the apoptosis of each REH cell line, and Western blotting was used to detect the levels of DNA damage-related proteins [phosphorylation at S139 of histone H2AX (phosphorylated H2AX-S139, γ-H2AX), phosphorylated check point kinase 2 (pCHK2)], and apoptosis-related protein cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (cleaved PARP) in each REH cell line. The diagrams of amino acid residues and spatial conformations of I72 locus, I72V and I72F were predicted and drawn through three-dimensional imaging and PyMOL software by using the crystal structure data of PRPS1-numbered 2HCR (PDB code 2HCR) in the PDB (Protein Data Bank) database.Results·Western blotting results showed that the transiently transfected exogenous PRPS1-mutated proteins were successfully expressed in 293T cells. The drug sensitivity experiment results showed that the IC50 values of 6-MP or 6-TG in 293T cells expressing PRPS1 I72F, R177S, V316L, V208A and the positive control A190T were much higher than those in cells expressing V289A and the negative control Vector, PRPS1 WT and I72V (all P =0.000). After mutating the isoleucine (I) at position 72 with other amino acids, Western blotting results showed successful expression of exogenous PRPS1-mutated proteins at position I72 after transient transfection in 293T cells. Drug sensitivity experiments revealed the IC50 values of 6-MP or 6-TG in 293T cells expressing PRPS1 I72M, I72F, I72L, I72N, I72S, I72T and positive control A190T were much higher than those in cells expressing negative control Vector, PRPS1 WT and I72V (all P=0.000). Western blotting results showed that the protein expression levels of PRPS1 WT, A190T, I72F and I72V in the REH stable cell lines constructed by lentivirus were high and similar. The drug sensitivity experiment results showed that the IC50 values of 6-MP or 6-TG in REH cells expressing PRPS1 I72F and positive control A190T were much higher than those in cells expressing negative control Vector, PRPS1 WT and I72V (all P=0.000), which was consistent with the drug sensitivity results obtained by transient transfection in 293T cells. The results of Annexin V/DAPI double staining method and the detection of DNA damage and apoptosis-related proteins by Western blotting showed that after 6-MP treatment, the DNA damage and apoptosis rates of REH cell lines expressing PRPS1 A190T and I72F were significantly lower than those of cells expressing negative control Vector, PRPS1 WT and I72V (all P=0.000). The protein structure analysis results showed that PRPS1 I72F could change the conformation of PRPS1.Conclusion·The PRPS1 I72F, R177S, V316L, V208A, I72M, I72L, I72N, I72S and I72T mutations can confer drug resistance to the thiopurine chemotherapy drugs in cells, while the PRPS1 V289A and I72V mutations do not affect cell sensitivity to the thiopurine chemotherapy drugs. The drug sensitivity experiment results in 293T cells are consistent with those in REH cells, demonstrating that 293T cells can serve as a rapid research model for detecting the resistance of PRPS1 mutations to thiopurine chemotherapy drugs. The effects of the PRPS1 I72 mutations on the resistance of the thiopurine chemotherapy drugs may be related to changes in the structure of PRPS1.

Narcolepsy is a rare sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), cataplexy, sleep hallucination and sleep paralysis, and the vast majority of patients are accompanied by anxiety. There are neuronal interconnections and projections between the neural circuits of narcolepsy and anxiety, which may share common pathophysiology mechanisms, and some medications used clinically to treat cataplexy in narcolepsy may also improve anxiety. In this study, we propose to review the epidemiologic research, pathogenesis and therapeutic advances in narcolepsy with anxiety, with the aim of increasing the diagnosis and treatment of narcolepsy with anxiety and improving the prognosis of narcolepsy with anxiety patients.

Abstract Background Septicemia that leads to ocular involvement mostly presents as endophthalmitis or panophthalmitis. Contrarily, septicemia without intraocular involvement, known as hematogenous orbital cellulitis (HOC), involves only the orbit and is an extremely rare complication of septicemia and a rare type of orbital cellulitis. Case presentation Four male patients with septicemia presented with orbital involvement without intraocular infection were described in this study. They were 22 (case 1), 15 (case 2), 79 (case 3), and 30 (case 4) years old, with a mean age of 29.75 years. All patients were immunocompromised except for case 2. Cases 1 and 3 had a history of steroid use, whereas case 4 was in a post-chemotherapy myelosuppression phase. Septicemia in case 1 was community-acquired, cases 3 and 4 were hospital-acquired, and case 2 was secondary to acne squeezing. Blood cultures from cases 1, 2, and 3 were positive for Candida albicans, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, respectively. Case 4 had negative cultures; however, next-generation sequencing reported the presence of Enterococcus faecalis and Rhizopus oryzae. Case 1 had right eye involvement, and both eyes were involved in the other three cases. According to Chandler’s classification, case 1 was type 2, case 2 was type 2 (OD) and type 4 (OS), and cases 3 and 4 were type 1 orbital infections. All patients had eyelids erythema, and cases 1 and 2 had mildly decreased visual acuity, proptosis, and painful and restricted ocular motility. Hospital stays ranged from 13 to 43 days (mean, 24 days). All patients received systemic antibiotic therapy based on drug sensitivity and next-generation sequencing results, in combination with multidisciplinary treatment, resulting in complete recovery of ocular and systemic signs and symptoms; no ocular surgical interventions were performed. Extraocular muscle palsy was the last symptom to resolve. Conclusion HOC is predominantly seen in immunocompromised individuals with a high proportion of hospital-acquired infections and positive cultures for pathogens. Infection control using systemic antibiotics targeted at the causative organism guarantees a favorable prognosis.

In order to study the mechanical response and failure characteristics of sandstone at the meso level, this paper first carried out indoor rock compression test and PFC2D uniaxial macro-meso parameter correlation numerical test based on parallel bond model.Then, the trial-and-error method is used to determine the order of the influence degree of each mesoscopic parameter on the macroscopic mechanical index, and the interaction analysis of significant factors is carried out.Finally, the regression analysis is used to establish the functional relationship between macroscopic and mesoscopic parameters.The main influencing factors of crack evolution and failure mode of rock samples are studied by using the control variable method.The results show that: ①The uniaxial compressive strength σc has a complex nonlinear relationship with parallel cohesion c, bond normal strength σc and bond internal friction angle φ.; ② Elastic modulus E has a polynomial relationship with bond modulus E * and bond stiffness ratio k *; ③ Poisson's ratio v is linear with k * and friction coefficient μ; ④The tensile strength σt has a good linear relationship with c and σc.; ⑤The crack evolution and failure mode of rock samples are mainly affected by the bond strength ratio σc/c, which is negatively correlated with the number of tensile cracks and positively correlated with the number of shear cracks. With σc/c increases, the failure mode of rock samples is characterized by tensile failure-conjugate failure-shear failure.The evolution law and failure form of uniaxial compression σ-ε in laboratory test and numerical simulation are basically the same.

Chinese prepared dishes industry has developed rapidly in recent years. The industry of prepared Hunan cuisine started early. Till now, a complete standard system of Hunan cuisine industrialization has been constructed. The theory of shared Hunan cuisine has taken shape and is becoming a guideline for the development of chain Hunan cuisine. Home-style Hunan cuisine and chain Hunan cuisine have been regarded as the two main developmental directions. But the overall scale of prepared Hunan cuisine is not large. Based on the development history of Hunan cuisine, specially prepared Hunan cuisines, and related sharing of Hunan cuisine theories, experience and practices, this paper expounded the definition of prepared cuisine and cognitive differences among different cuisines. Eight core problems of the industry were analyzed, and corresponding countermeasures were put forward.

In the process of vegetable fermentation, the variety and quantity of microorganisms are complex and changeable. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB), as the main power in the process of vegetable fermentation, participate in the regulation of various metabolic pathways and affect the formation of flavor. In this review, the changes of major flavor metabolites during vegetable fermentation and their internal relationship with the community structure and abundance of LAB were summarized, then the potential mechanism of LAB fermentation to produce flavor substances was discussed. Moreover, the application of LAB in vegetable fermentation was prospected.

ObjectiveTo explore the characteristics of resistance， virulence factor and sequence typing of foodborne Staphylococcus aureus （S. aureus） in China in 2020.MethodsAntimicrobial susceptibility test for S. aureus was performed using the broth microdilution method. Multilocus sequence typing （MLST）， the important antibiotic resistance gene mecA， and virulence genes were analyzed using whole genome sequencing.ResultsThe overall resistance rate of the 224 foodborne S. aureus isolates to 12 classes of antimicrobials was 87.9% （197/224）， with the highest resistance rate of 82.6% （185/224） to penicillin. The multi-drug resistance rate was 23.2% （52/224）， with ST398 accounting for the highest percentage （26.9%， 14/52） of multi-drug resistant bacteria. The methicillin-resistant S. aureus detection rate was 8.0% （18/224）. The overall carriage rate of staphylococcal enterotoxin genes was 52.2% （117/224）， with sea having the highest carriage rate of 24.6% （55/224）. The ST type of S. aureus carrying the most types of enterotoxin genes was ST1. A total of 31 ST types were detected in this study， among which ST7 （12.9%， 29/224） was the predominant ST of isolates， followed by ST398 （10.7%， 24/224）. In addition， the carriage rates of toxic shock syndrome toxin coding gene （tsst-1） and leukocytocin encoding genes （lukF-PV and lukS-PV） were 6.3% （14/224） and 4.5% （10/224）， respectively.ConclusionThe high rate of antimicrobial resistance and enterotoxin genes carriage of foodborne S. aureus in China and the detection of virulence genes that play an important role in clinical infection suggest that the potential hazards of S. aureus in food should not be ignored. There is a high correlation between ST type and food type， antimicrobial susceptibility， and pathogenicity， which provides scientific data for further analysis of the epidemiological characteristics and risk prevention and control of foodborne S. aureus in China.

Group B Streptococcus （GBS） is an important opportunistic pathogen that exists in a variety of animals and can infect humans， mainly causing a variety of invasive diseases in pregnant women and newborns. ST283 is a sequence type of GBS that has been found from freshwater fish cultured in Southeast Asia in recent years， and has attracted widespread attention because this type of GBS is suggested to cause food-related invasive diseases in human. As a major country in freshwater fish farming and consumption， China still needs to pay attention although no relevant cases have been reported in the inland. This paper elaborates on the available information on GBS ST283 in various countries to provide reference for the development of GBS monitoring and evaluation criteria in China.

In order to solve the problem of fracture failure of the existing vibration grinding mill connecting rod within the design service life, the structural optimization design of the connecting rod is proposed. Firstly, the kineto-static analysis is used to solve the external force applied to the crank-slider mechanism in one motion cycle, which is used as the theoretical basis for the subsequent strength analysis. Secondly, Ansys Workbench is used to complete the static strength analysis and fatigue strength analysis of the connecting rod. It is determined that the failure of the connecting rod is caused by insufficient fatigue strength. Finally, the response surface methodology is used to optimize the design of the connecting rod. The objective of the optimization is to minimize the mass of the connecting rod, and the optimized constraint is that the fatigue strength of the connecting rod meets the standard. This optimization design determines the appropriate transition fillet radius, thin end ring thickness and shaft width. The maximum tensile load equivalent stress of the optimized connecting rod is reduced by 58.7%, and the fatigue life is increased by 1.4 times. The optimized connecting rod meets the operation requirements.