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Taking the lateritic red soil on a typical slopeland in Southern China as test object, this paper studied the soil microbial properties, enzyme activities, and their relationships with soil fertility under four land use types (newly cultivated dryland, shrub land, Eucalyptus land, and or- chard). There existed significant differences in the soil biological properties under different land use types, among which, orchard soil had the highest microbial quantity and enzyme activities, newly cultivated dryland soil had the fastest soil respiration rate, the fewest soil microorganism quantity, and the lowest enzyme activities, whereas shrub land and woodland soils had the biological properties ranged between newly cultivated dryland and orchard soils, and there was a high similarity in the biological properties between shrub land and woodland soils. Under different land use types, the soil microbial quantity and enzyme activities were positively correlated with soil organic carbon and most of the soil nutrients. It was suggested the soils with high soil organic matter content and high fertility level were beneficial to the soil microbial growth and enzyme activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of herb residue vermicompost on maize growth and soil fertility. With the increasing application rate of vermicompost, the plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, and chlorophyll content of maize all increased significantly. After 60 days growth of maize, the soil bulk density in most vermicompost treatments decreased significantly. The soil pH in vermicompost treatments was significantly higher than that in CK and in chemical fertilization treatments. In addition, the soil total nitrogen and organic matter contents in vermicompost treatments were obviously higher than those in chemical fertilization treatments. It was suggested that herb residue vermicompost could be used as an efficient and high-quality organic fertilizer, and its appropriate application could improve soil physical structure, alleviate soil acidification, increase soil organic matter and nitrogen contents, and promote crop growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking the lateritic red soil on a typical slopeland in Southern China as test object, this paper studied the soil microbial properties, enzyme activities, and their relationships with soil fertility under four land use types (newly cultivated dryland, shrub land, Eucalyptus land, and orchard). There existed significant differences in the soil biological properties under different land use types, among which, orchard soil had the highest microbial quantity and enzyme activities, newly cultivated dryland soil had the fastest soil respiration rate, the fewest soil microorganism quantity, and the lowest enzyme activities, whereas shrub land and woodland soils had the biological properties ranged between newly cultivated dryland and orchard soils, and there was a high similarity in the biological properties between shrub land and woodland soils. Under different land use types, the soil microbial quantity and enzyme activities were positively correlated with soil organic carbon and most of the soil nutrients. It was suggested the soils with high soil organic matter content and high fertility level were beneficial to the soil microbial growth and enzyme activities.

A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of herb residue vermicompost on maize growth and soil fertility. With the increasing application rate of vermicompost, the plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, and chlorophyll content of maize all increased significantly. After 60 days growth of maize, the soil bulk density in most vermicompost treatments decreased significantly. The soil pH in vermicompost treatments was significantly higher than that in CK and in chemical fertilization treatments. In addition, the soil total nitrogen and organic matter contents in vermicompost treatments were obviously higher than those in chemical fertilization treatments. It was suggested that herb residue vermicompost could be used as an efficient and high-quality organic fertilizer, and its appropriate application could improve soil physical structure, alleviate soil acidification, increase soil organic matter and nitrogen contents, and promote crop growth.

Objective: To study the expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in patients with chronic schistosomiasis and its relationship with gender and age, and to explore its clinical significance., Methods: The colonic mucosa specimens of 50 chronic schistosomiasis patients and 4 persons who had a family history of colon cancer but their physical examinations were normal (as a control group) were selected and the expressions of P-gp in the colonic gland of these samples were detected with the immunohistochemical staining method., Results: Compared with the control group, the mean gray value of the positive particles of P-gp of colonic epithelial cells of the chronic schistosomiasis group was significantly reduced (P < 0.05), but positive unit values were significantly increased (P < 0.05), which meant the P-gp expression in colonic gland of the patients with chronic schistosomiasis was significantly increased, but this increase had no relationship with sex and age., Conclusion: Chronic schistosomiasis may induce the increase of P-gp expression which may be a compensatory protection mechanism due to the stimulation of schistosome eggs to the colon tissues.

Plant epicuticular wax is a collective term used to describe the organic components of the cuticle which covers the outer surface of aerial plant tissues. It is also the last defensive barrier of plant, playing important roles in plant growth and development. The components, transport, crystal formation and morpho-ultrastructure of plant epicuticular wax as well as the investigations concerning the relationship between epicuticular wax and adaptations to environment are reviewed. Especially, we systematically summarized the relationships among wax, cutin transpiration, leaf WUE and yield and the progresses in the physiological and molecular biology research regarding wax; we also discussed the problems existing in wax research.