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Piezoelectric materials， as important functional materials， have been widely used in various fields of the national economy for the preparation of structural health detection devices. With the development of modern industrial technology， especially aerospace， nuclear energy， and intelligent manufacturing， various high-temperature conditions have put forward higher requirements for the performance of piezoelectric materials. Therefore， the development of high-temperature piezoelectric materials with excellent comprehensive performance and their application in sensor devices with higher service temperatures have received widespread attention from researchers. Fresnoite （Ba2TiSi2O8， BTS） crystal is a kind of promising piezoelectric material for high-temperature sensing applications due to its high electrical resistivity， low dielectric loss， and excellent piezoelectric properties. The preparation process of BTS crystal by Czochralski method， characterization of single crystal electro-elastic properties， phase transition regulation， and the research progress of surface acoustic wave sensors and high-temperature vibration sensors based on BTS piezoelectric crystal were introduced in this paper. Finally， the research and development of new high-temperature piezoelectric crystals and their sensors were summarized and presented.

Objective To ensure the successful implementation of metro shield tunnel parallel under-passing through the existing open-cut highway tunnel project under deformation joint condition, it is necessary to analyze the deformation situation and stress characteristics of the mentioned highway tunnel under this working condition. Method A refined model of Jinan Rail Transit Line S2 left/right shield tunnel parallel under-passing of the existing open-cut highway tunnel in Jiluo Road Yellow River Tunnel project is established. The z-direction(vertical) settlement, x-direction (horizontal) displacement, and stress change of this highway tunnel structure bottom plate are analyzed. Through establishing two working conditions with and without deformation joint, changes of the z-direction settlement and x-direction displacement of the mea-sured line are compared. By selecting No.2 deformation joint in the project, the settlement difference and stress state development history on both sides of No.2 deformation joint are further analyzed. Result & Conclusion Compared to the working condition without deformation joint, that with deformation joint reduces the structural integrity of existing open-cut highway tunnels and changes its deformation and force characteristics. Deformation joints are always subject to tensile and shear stresses. Under deformation joint working condition, settlement on both sides of the deformation joint shows significant changes with the tunneling of metro shield, and reaches its maximum value when the tunneling is directly beneath the deformation joint.

AC submarine cable is an important component in AC transmission system of offshore wind farms. However, the issue of charging current limits its application in offshore wind power with long-distance and large-capacity. Taking HYJQF41-F290/500 kV single-core AC submarine cable as an example, the overvoltage distribution along the cable in different working conditions is analyzed, considering the long-distance and high-voltage transmission. The simulation model of the cable is established and its parameters are corrected firstly. According to the different compensation degrees of the shunt reactor, the capacity of the shunt reactor under the configuration scheme of single-end compensation and two-end compensation calculated out. Finally, based on the single-phase grounding fault, the closing and opening conditions in the high-voltage and long-distance wind farm models, and the distribution law of overvoltage along the submarine cable under different reactive power compensation schemes is tested by simulation. The results show that the maximum overvoltage of submarine cables appears in different positions with different compensation schemes. Based on this, the selection methods for high-voltage submarine cable and overvoltage in insulation level design of substation equipment are given out under different compensation schemes, which have certain guiding significance for engineering practice.

Abstract This research delves into the transfer and loss of energy in a discrete mass when subjected to forced vibration. Using discrete element method (DEM), we analyzed the dynamic behavior of regular spherical granular assemblies and the energy distribution characteristics under different excitation frequencies and reduced accelerations. Moreover, the energy transfer and dissipation process of granular assemblies under different vibration states are studied using an experimental method. The results show that the granular assemblies will produce collision energy dissipation, thermal energy dissipation, acoustic energy dissipation and other forms of energy dissipation in the forced vibration state and the proportion of different energy dissipation under different excitation is given. The collision and friction of granular assemblies are the key to affecting other forms of energy dissipation. When the excitation increases, the energy dissipation forms are generated inside the granular assemblies, and the proportion of collision energy dissipation of the granular assemblies increases. The acoustic energy above 20 kHz occupies the main part of the acoustic energy dissipation. Thermal energy consumption always exists, which takes a long time to play a role. The granular also have other forms of energy loss, which is hard to be measured, including Rayleigh waves generated by granular collision. In this study, the relationship between the forced vibration state of the granular assemblies and the energy loss distribution is established. Various types of energy transfer and conversion distribution which further enriches the energy dissipation of discrete element calculation of the granular assemblies is discussed and provides a reference for the energy loss analysis of the granular assemblies.

Path planning is one of the key technologies that urgently need to be solved in the application of coal mine robots in narrow underground roadways. A path planning method for coal mine robots based on improved APF algorithm is proposed to address the issues of traditional artificial potential field (APF) algorithms that planning paths in narrow roadway environments may be too close to the roadway boundary, as well as the possibility of unreachable targets and path oscillations near obstacles. Referring to the relevant provisions of the Coal Mine Safety Regulations, the boundary potential field between the two sides of the roadway is established. The robot's path is planned as much as possible in the middle of the roadway to improve the safety of robot travel. The method introduces regulatory factors into the repulsive potential field of obstacles to solve the problem of unreachable targets. The method introduces corner constraint coefficients to smooth the planned path, reduce oscillations, improve planning efficiency, and ensure the safety of the planned path. The simulation results show that when the target point is very close to the obstacle, the improved APF algorithm can successfully plan a path that can reach the target point. The improved APF algorithm reduces the planning cycle by an average of 14.48% compared to traditional algorithms. The cumulative value of steering angle reduces by an average of 87.41%, and the sum of absolute curvature values is reduced by an average of 78.09%. The results indicate that the improved APF algorithm plans smoother paths, shorter path lengths, and has higher planning efficiency and safety.

Aiming at the rehabilitation training of patients with lower extremity damage and stroke, a multi-degree-of-freedom adjustable lower extremity rehabilitation exoskeleton is designed. The screw mechanism is used to replace the traditional leg structure, and there is a rotation module at the waist, which can better realize the human-machine collaboration. The lower extremity exoskeleton dynamics model is established by the Lagrangian method, and the theoretical torque is calculated; the lower extremity rehabilitation exoskeleton model is constructed, and the finite element simulation and exoskeleton kinematics/dynamics simulation are carried out using Ansys and Adams software, respectively. The results verify the rationality of the structural design, and provide a basis for the subsequent lower limb exoskeleton manufacturing and motor selection.

ObjectiveTuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a rare autosomal dominant genetic disease involving multiple organ system. Renal angiomyolipoma (RAML) is a leading cause of death for adult TSC patients. Our study aims at investigating the clinical manifestations of TSC-RAML to enable clinicians to have a better understanding of the disease in Chinese patients.MethodsWe reviewed retrospectively the data collected from patients with TSC-RAML in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2014 to January 2023. We also collected information about the age, gender, imageological examination, RAML stage, and comorbidities.ResultsA total of 186 TSC-RAML patients were registered, 65 of whom were males and 121 were females(male-to-female ratio 1∶1.86). The median age of all patients was 31 years old. Totally, 117 cases (62.9%)of RAML were rated stage 6. Twenty-two cases (11.8%) had a history of tumor rupture and bleeding. Research shows statistical differences between high and low grade on RAML rupture bleeding(P=0.0475). Angiofibromas/fibrous cephalic plaque (155/186, 83.3%), subependymal nodules(103/146, 70.5%), lymphangioleiomyomatosis (102/157, 65.0%), hypomelanotic macules (114/186, 61.3%), and shagreen patch (83/186, 44.6%)were the most common clinical manifestations. All patients with lymphangioleiomyomatosis(LAM) were female(P < 0.0001).ConclusionsFemale patients predominated TSC-RAML patients. Most RAML were in stage 6. About 11.8% cases had a history of tumor rupture and hemorrhage. The higher grade meant the higher proportion of tumor rupture and hemorrhage. Dermatological and nervous lesions were the most common comorbidities. All patients with LAM in this study were female.

Narrow-band, high-color-purity luminescent materials are widely used in the fields of ultra-high-definition display and lighting, super-resolution imaging and sensing, bio-imaging and anti-counterfeiting. However, the high-color-purity fluorescent materials mainly used are Ⅱ-Ⅳ semiconductor quantum dots, halide perovskite nanocrystals and so on, which generally contains highly toxic transition metal ions such as Cd and Pb. Moreover, these materials often show low environmental stability. In contrast, carbon dots have many advantages including no heavy metal ions, high photo/chemical stability, low toxicity and wide source of raw materials. Therefore, developing fluorescent carbon dots with high-color-purity has important theoretical and practical significance. Here, the research progress of the synthesis and application of high-color-purity carbon dots was reviewed; the effects of precursor, synthetic methods and some factors on the position and the full width at half maximum of the carbon dots and the application in the field of LED, sensing and imaging were discussed. Additionally, the opportunities and challenges of high-color-purity carbon dots in large-scale synthesis, optical properties including the tune of PL position, the enhancement of the fluorescent quantum yield and color purity, understanding their photoluminescence mechanism as well as developing new applications were proposed.

Flexible optoelectronic devices have a broad application prospect in the field of wearable electronic devices, among which the superior transparent electrode is the core problem in achieving high-performance flexible optoelectronic devices. The brittle indium tin oxide (ITO) transparent electrode, which is currently commonly used, is difficult to be compatible with the flexible substrate. Multilayer dielectric/metal/dielectric (DMD) structure films are attracting attention as next-generation ITO-free electrodes. High optical transmittance, super electrical conductivity, and mechanical flexibility of DMD electrodes make them promising for highly efficient optoelectronic devices. Despite substantial research on the optimization of DMD electrodes, a large gulf still exists in obtaining foldable and transparent conductive electrodes and applying them to light-emitting devices, including organic light-emitting diodes (LEDs), quantum dot LEDs, and perovskite LEDs. In this perspective, we review the superiority of DMD electrodes in terms of optical and electrical performance, and mechanical flexibility, and summarize their applications in LEDs. Furthermore, we also give future research directions for DMD electrodes regarding physical properties, mechanism stability, and application reliability.

Path planning is a key technology that urgently need to be solved in application of coal mine robots in unstructured narrow confined spaces underground. The traditional probabilistic road map (PRM) algorithms are difficult to ensure uniform distribution of sampled nodes in free space in narrow and enclosed roadway environments, resulting in path planning failure. Nodes may be close to obstacles, resulting in poor passability of the planned path. In order to solve the above problems, a path-planning method for coal mine robot based on improved PRM algorithm is proposed. In the constructive phase, the artificial potential field method is introduced to push the node falling in the obstacle to the free space along the direction of the connection line of the node in the free space nearest to it. The repulsive force field is established at the edge of the obstacle to realize uniform distribution of nodes and make them a certain distance from the obstacle. In the query phase, the D* Lite algorithm is integrated to achieve path re-planning when encountering dynamic obstacles or when the front is impassable. The simulation results show that the nodes of the improved PRM algorithm are uniformly distributed in free space and are at a certain distance from obstacles. It improves the safety of path planning. When the number of nodes is 100, the success rate of the improved PRM algorithm is 25% higher than that of the traditional PRM algorithm. As the number of nodes increases, the number of successful path-planning attempts for both traditional and improved PRM algorithms shows an increasing trend. But the improved PRM algorithm has a more significant advantage in efficiency. When the number of nodes is 400, the operational efficiency of the improved PRM algorithm is 35.13% higher than that of the traditional PRM algorithms. The planned path is smoother and the path length is shorter. When obstacles suddenly appear, the improved PRM algorithm can achieve path re-planning.

Rural tourism has been widely recognized as a means of promoting the revival of traditional villages and has been supported by numerous researchers. It has the potential to provide significant social and economic advantages, making it a popular strategy for rural development in both developed and developing countries. Nevertheless, a growing body of research has substantiated the significant disruptions that rural tourism has imposed on traditional villages. This study employed the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) qualitative method to systematically analyze 92 papers from WOS and SCOPUS that investigate the impact of rural tourism on traditional villages. The papers were categorized into five groups: spatial, economic, sociocultural, and holistic. This categorization allowed for the identification of the purpose, theme, sub-topics, research methods, and data sources used in these papers, which in turn provided an overview of the characteristics and overall trends in research in this field. It compensates for the deficiencies of lesser reviews that just emphasize rural tourism as the primary catalyst for the sustainable development of traditional villages. Based on a thorough investigation, this paper asserts that the development of tourism in traditional villages should be differentiated from typical rural tourism sites that prioritize the preferences of tourists. The primary objective should be to prioritize the preservation of community values, with a strong emphasis on community participation. This should be done while considering the interests of various stakeholders and promoting a diverse range of livelihoods that are rooted in traditional practices. By doing so, the essence of authenticity in traditional villages can be reinforced, leading to a greater sense of connection and loyalty among tourists. The preservation of traditional village genes fosters a symbiotic relationship with rural tourism, resulting in a mutually beneficial cycle.

Concrete is the most common and important building material nowadays. Its compressive strength plays a crucial role in the result and safety of the building. To improve the efficiency of concrete compressive strength detection, this study combines intelligent machine vision technology to design a concrete compressive strength detection system. The features of concrete are extracted using the edge detection method. Then the extracted features are classified using the random forest method to complete the identification and localization of concrete. Based on this basis, the compressive strength of concrete is calculated and detected based on the conversion relationship between uniaxial compressive strength and point load strength. Finally, after testing the performance of the system, the practical effects of the system are examined. According to the results, the system’s detection rate is between 0.058 and 0.072 seconds, and the recognition accuracy and classification accuracy of the four different types of concrete detection exceed 80%. The relative error values for the detected compressive strength were 5.87% and 3.52%, respectively, and they passed the compressive strength detection of retardation diagrams in complex situations. The excellent performance of this study in real concrete detection meets the demand for concrete compressive detection in reality.

Large land consolidation projects modify the structures and functions of regional ecosystems through the reshaping of the territorial spatial pattern, thereby affecting the ecological environmental quality (EEQ). To investigate the effects of large-scale land consolidation projects on EEQ, this study takes the major land consolidation project of “bulldoze mountains to create land” (BMCL) in Yan'an City as a research object and evaluates the change of EEQ based on Remote Sensing Ecological Index (RSEI). The consolidated area and the control area were set up to comparatively analyze the EEQ change processes and spatial distribution characteristics of these two areas in the full life cycle of BMCL. According to the results, the mean RSEI of the consolidated area was 0.128 lower than that of the control area, and the EEQ of the consolidated area was always lower than that of the control area. BMCL had a strong negative impact on the EEQ grade of the consolidated area, especially in the early stage. However, the positive effect of BMCL on EEQ gradually emerged in the late stage of the large land consolidation project. The overall EEQ grade of the consolidated area has also improved. The results of the stepwise regression analysis indicated that the wetness component and the normalized differential vegetation index played key roles in improving the EEQ of the BMCL. Overall, the local BMCL strongly affected the EEQ of the consolidated area but would not cause the EEQ of the whole region to experience any dramatic, abrupt change in the short term. This study provided references for the evaluation and analysis of the ecological effects of land consolidation at the regional scale, offering a feasible way to evaluate the spatio-temporal change of EEQ in BMCL.

Pulmonary atresia (PA) is a severe cyanotic congenital heart disease. Although some genetic mutations have been described to be associated with PA, the knowledge of pathogenesis is insufficient. The aim of this research was to use whole-exome sequencing (WES) to determine novel rare genetic variants in PA patients. We performed WES in 33 patients (27 patient–parent trios and 6 single probands) and 300 healthy control individuals. By applying an enhanced analytical framework to incorporate de novo and case–control rare variation, we identified 176 risk genes (100 de novo variants and 87 rare variants). Protein‒protein interaction (PPI) analysis and Genotype-Tissue Expression analysis revealed that 35 putative candidate genes had PPIs with known PA genes with high expression in the human heart. Expression quantitative trait loci analysis revealed that 27 genes that were identified as novel PA genes that could be affected by the surrounding single nucleotide polymorphism were screened. Furthermore, we screened rare damaging variants with a threshold of minor allele frequency at 0.5% in the ExAC_EAS and GnomAD_exome_EAS databases, and the deleteriousness was predicted by bioinformatics tools. For the first time, 18 rare variants in 11 new candidate genes have been identified that may play a role in the pathogenesis of PA. Our research provides new insights into the pathogenesis of PA and helps to identify the critical genes for PA.

Abstract Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a common tumour type in otorhinolaryngology, and its occurrence is related to long-term exposure to tobacco and alcohol. Recently, HPV infection has become an increasingly important contributor to HNSCC, and HPV-associated HNSCC has a different clinical course and better prognosis than non-HPV-associated HNSCC. However, the exact molecular mechanism of HNSCC is unclear. Here, we obtained data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and gene expression omnibus (GEO) to analyse the mitophagy process and related influencing factors of HPV-associated HNSCC via the integration of bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation. We found that in HPV-associated HNSCC, process of mitophagy affects tumour development, immune cell infiltration and prognosis. In the mitophagy process of HPV-related HNSCC: NOS2, IL17REL, TMSB15A, TUBB4A and other hub genes showed significantly higher expression levels than in non-HPV-related HNSCC. Furthermore, this was also confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT‒PCR), which was used to detect the expression of differentially expressed genes in HNSCC tissues. Furthermore, we found that the unique immunological characteristics by expressing CD8+ T cell in a high level in HPV-related HNSCC, and the scores obtained from the score model affected the prognosis of patients. In conclusion, our study revealed the unique biomolecular signature of mitophagy in HPV-associated HNSCC, which may contribute to the development of precise treatment regimens for HPV-associated HNSCC patients.

This paper discussed the construction of Traditional Chinese Medicine continuous nursing service system under the background of Internet Plus. The sub-professional nursing group was set up to train nursing professionals of TCM, and the TCM nursing clinic was set up, based on the "hospital-community-family" management model, the hospital-patient interactive network platform, patients' Wechat group and patients' health files were established to support the implementation of TCM continuous nursing service. The construction of TCM continuous nursing service system under the background of Internet Plus can improve the ability of nurses, provide multi-level medical service and meet the needs of patients at different levels. (本文探讨“互联网+”背景下中医延续护理服务体系的构建方法。成立相关护理亚专业学组, 培养中医护理专科人才, 开设中医护理门诊, 通过医院与患者间的交互网络平台、患者微信群, 依据“医院-社区-家庭”管理模式开展中医延续护理, 同时建立患者健康档案, 提供中医延续性护理服务。“互联网+”背景下中医延续护理服务体系的构建能够提升护理人员的服务能力, 提供多层次医疗服务, 满足不同层次患者需求。)

ObjectiveAs one of the common mycotoxins in the food, deoxynivalenol (DON) poses multiple health risks. Limited information is available on DON exposure in Chinese pregnant women who they are vulnerable to various pollutants exposure hazards. The purpose of this study was to detect urine DON concentrations and estimate dietary DON intake in Chinese pregnant women, and provide evidence for assessing the risk of dietary DON exposure for pregnant women.MethodsThe study involved 103 pregnant women from the Tongji birth cohort study in Wuhan, China. Urine samples were collected and dietary investigation was conducted using food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The level of DON in urine was determined by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS).ResultsAmong 103 pregnant women, total DON was detected in 95 urine samples (92.23%, 95/103), free DON was detected in 76 samples (73.79%, 76/103). The mean total DON levels were 19.12 ng/mg creatinine for both trimesters, 15.17 ng/mg creatinine for the first trimester and 20.91 ng/mg creatinine for the second trimester. The dietary DON intake for pregnant women was 0.45-0.89 μg/(kg b. w.·d). The dietary DON intake of 11.65%-22.33% pregnant women exceeded current guidance regarding the provisional maximum tolerable daily intake (PMTDI) for DON. The diet of pregnant women was mainly rice and its products, and its intake was positively correlated with the concentration of DON.ConclusionIn this study, the detection rate of DON in the urine samples of pregnant women in Wuhan was high, but the level of DON was low. Future attention should be paid to the exposure level of pregnant women to DON and the potential health risks to both mother and fetus.

The transformation of medium and low yield grain fields is an important part of cultivated land regulation, which is basically consistent with the requirements of high standard farmland construction. The cultivated land consolidation has experienced from overcoming the single limiting factor to exploring the integrated factors combining the adjustment of ownership and then to the ecological landscape construction target, which has put forward different requirements on the engineering construction, land capacity improvement and management organization innovation integration of cultivated land consolidation. At present, the concrete measures of land leveling, irrigation and drainage, field road and forest protection network have been studied in the field engineering construction of medium and low yield grain fields in Shaanxi province. In the aspect of soil fertility improvement, effective measures such as ditch treatment, soil fertility improvement, soil layer recombination and crop optimization were studied. In the aspect of management organization innovation, the research of property right model combining different yield reform mode and different cultivated land consolidation mode has promoted the optimization and transformation of medium and low yield grain fields in different degrees.

In order to investigate the influence of Linglong cementitious material on the consolidation of tailings under different conditions,a series of backfill blocks at different ratios,different densities and different curing ages are designed with ordinary Portland cement control and their uniaxial compressive strength is measured through strength test.Then the phase composition and the micro-morphology of the tailings backfill are discussed by such measuring and testing techniques as XRD and SEM.The results show that the hydration reaction of the cementitious material produces ettringite and C-S-H gel,and promotes the consolidation of the tailings backfill;the age and the ratio of cementitious material to tailings will affect the development of the content and morphology of ettringite and C-S-H gel in the hydration products,and the content of hydration products will increase with the increase of age and the ratio of cementitious material to tailings.The content of the products increases and overlaps to form a dense network structure,which is macroscopically expressed as an increase in strength;the mass concentration affects the pores in the test block,thereby affecting the strength.

The article identifies five infrastructural elements of creative development. It is proved that the formation of creativity by the state is a synchronous, multifaceted and time-consuming process. This process takes into account the interests of regions, creative industries and workers involved in this field. It is determined that the creative industries affect the size of the region's GDP, and stimulate the economic development of neighboring regions, and in general the economic growth of the national economy through direct, indirect and induced influences. The article investigates the approaches to define the terms "creative economy" and "creative industries". Based on European experience, it is proven that as for today there is a close connection between creative industries and spheres of human activity. It is found that the infrastructural components of creative industries are: developing of creativity policy, strengthening of organizational capacity, supporting of business incubators and accelerators, promoting of clusters and hubs, focusing on global markets. In addition, it is proven that creativity development directly affects development of the whole country through the creativity sector as an image tool of attracting investment to the country.

BackgroundThe measurement of high-energy neutrons is becoming more and more important in the evaluation of dose caused by space neutrons and the radiation protection of particle accelerators.PurposeThe study aims to investigate the performance of an energy-extended neutron long counter.MethodsThe energy-extended neutron long counter was designed based on De Pangher type. The (n, xn) multiplication reaction between neutrons and metallic materials was utilized to improve the high-energy response of neutron long counter by adding metal chromium and lead materials into the moderator of the neutron long counter. Then, the structure of the neutron long counter was optimized by using Monte Carlo simulation to obtain the maximum value within the energy range of 1 keV~20 MeV and 1 keV~150 MeV, respectively. Finally, the effective center and energy response of the long neutron counter were measured by Am-Be neutron source and D-T neutron source in the standard radiation field.ResultsThe calculated response curve shows that the deviation of the maximum value from the average value is 12.2% in above energy range. The comparison between experimental results and the Monte Carlo simulation results shows that the theoretical calculation is consistent with the experiment within the error range.ConclusionThe upper energy limit of the long neutron counter can be extended by embedding metallic lead and chromium materials in the inner polyethylene layer of the long neutron counter.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Despite the substantial impact of environmental factors, individuals with a family history of liver cancer have an increased risk for HCC. However, genetic factors have not been studied systematically by genome-wide approaches in large numbers of individuals from European descent populations (EDP). APPROACH AND RESULTS: We conducted a 2-stage genome-wide association study (GWAS) on HCC not affected by HBV infections. A total of 1872 HCC cases and 2907 controls were included in the discovery stage, and 1200 HCC cases and 1832 controls in the validation. We analyzed the discovery and validation samples separately and then conducted a meta-analysis. All analyses were conducted in the presence and absence of HCV. The liability-scale heritability was 24.4% for overall HCC. Five regions with significant ORs (95% CI) were identified for nonviral HCC: 3p22.1, MOBP , rs9842969, (0.51, [0.40-0.65]); 5p15.33, TERT , rs2242652, (0.70, (0.62-0.79]); 19q13.11, TM6SF2 , rs58542926, (1.49, [1.29-1.72]); 19p13.11 MAU2 , rs58489806, (1.53, (1.33-1.75]); and 22q13.31, PNPLA3 , rs738409, (1.66, [1.51-1.83]). One region was identified for HCV-induced HCC: 6p21.31, human leukocyte antigen DQ beta 1, rs9275224, (0.79, [0.74-0.84]). A combination of homozygous variants of PNPLA3 and TERT showing a 6.5-fold higher risk for nonviral-related HCC compared to individuals lacking these genotypes. This observation suggests that gene-gene interactions may identify individuals at elevated risk for developing HCC. CONCLUSIONS: Our GWAS highlights novel genetic susceptibility of nonviral HCC among European descent populations from North America with substantial heritability. Selected genetic influences were observed for HCV-positive HCC. Our findings indicate the importance of genetic susceptibility to HCC development.

Hirudin, an acidic polypeptide secreted by the salivary glands of Hirudo medicinalis (also known as “Shuizhi” in traditional Chinese medicine), is the strongest natural specific inhibitor of thrombin found so far. Hirudin has been demonstrated to possess potent anti-thrombotic effect in previous studies. Recently, increasing researches have focused on the anti-thrombotic activity of the derivatives of hirudin, mainly because these derivatives have stronger antithrombotic activity and lower bleeding risk. Additionally, various bioactivities of hirudin have been reported as well, including wound repair effect, anti-fibrosis effect, effect on diabetic complications, anti-tumor effect, anti-hyperuricemia effect, effect on cerebral hemorrhage, and others. Therefore, by collecting and summarizing publications from the recent two decades, the pharmacological activities, pharmacokinetics, novel preparations and derivatives, as well as toxicity of hirudin were systematically reviewed in this paper. In addition, the clinical application, the underlying mechanisms of pharmacological effects, the dose-effect relationship, and the development potential in new drug research of hirudin were discussed on the purpose of providing new ideas for application of hirudin in treating related diseases.

Soil barrenness is an important type of land degradation, which seriously restricts the food security and sustainable development of agriculture in my country. This paper analyzes the status quo of soil barrenness, its causes and development trends, barrenness treatment measures, and research directions of soil barrenness, in order to serve as a reference for the research and development of soil barrenness.

Azole fungicides are widely used to control diseases and insect pests of vegetables, fruits and flowers because of their good antibacterial effect and regulating plant growth. However, their extensive use inevitably enters the water environment with rainfall and surface runoff, which leads to potential harm to aquatic organisms. At present, the research on the biological toxicity of azole fungicides mainly focuses on single azole compounds, such as Paclobutrazol, hexaconazole, propiconazole and Difenoconazole. However, the systematic study on the toxic effects of multi-component mixtures of azole fungicides is still very lacking, and it is unable to accurately assess the ecological risk. Therefore, in this paper, five common azole fungicides (imidazole, tebuconazole, triadimefon, tricyclazole and hymexazol) in the environment were taken as target pollutants. Scenedesmus obliquus was used as the toxicity indicator. The mixture system was designed by the equal effect concentration ratio method and linear average ray method. Study the 96h toxicity and interaction of Scenedesmus obliquus under combined stress of azole fungicides. The main research results are as follows:The 96 h toxicity test of five typical azole fungicides to Scenedesmus obliquus was determined by microplate toxicity analysis method. Fitting with Weibull function and taking EC50 as the criterion,the results show that the single toxicity order of the five tested fungicides was:tebuconazole > Triadimefon > oxacillin > Tricyclazole > imidazole.

In view of problems of high cost and low universality existed in current acquisition systems of mine microseismic signal, an acquisition system of multi-channel microseismic signal was designed. The system adopts seismometer to collect microseismic signals, uses acquisition circuit to implement amplification for microseismic signals, analog-to-digital conversion and digital filter, and uses STM32 to real-timely send filtered signals to PC for analysis by USART. The test results show that the system can accurately collect and record 3-channel microseismic signals collected by seismometer with good stability, high reliability and low cost.

As the whole society attaches great importance to the safety of food and medicine, and hydrogen fuel cell and new energy vehicle industry rises suddenly, people’s requirements for clean compressed air is more and more urgent. Water-lubricated single screw compressor is an ideal choice for providing clean air because of the advantages of balanced force, a long service life, and high efficiency, and the influencing factors of its performance have received more and more attention. This study established a mathematical model of the working process of a water-lubricated single-screw air compressor to study the relationship between its performance and the water injection atomization. The model considered leakage and heat transfer between water and moist air and analysed the influences of droplet diameter and rotation speed on compressor performance. The results showed that water injection atomization can effectively reduce the discharge temperature, make the compression process of the compressor tend to isothermal compression. Under rated conditions, a reduction in the droplet diameter from 0.25 mm to 0.15 mm reduced the discharge temperature of the compressor, improved the volume efficiency, and improved the adiabatic efficiency by 31 K, 2.6%, and 8.2%, respectively.

In this study, a reduced size neutron long counter with improved response function was designed using SuperMC simulation code. The main parts of the reduced size long counter are 3He proportional counter, cylindrical moderators made of polyethylene, chromium metal converter, neutron absorber material and outer aluminum cover. A 1.5 cm thick layer of chromium metal was embedded into the hydrogen-rich moderator to enhance response of the long counter at high neutron energies. The radius and length of the long counter was reduced to 15 cm and 35 cm, respectively. In this design we managed to obtain a flat response function from a few keV to 20 MeV energy range. The angular response function, determined at 0.5 MeV and 14 MeV neutron energies, confirmed that the reduced size long counter designed in this study is not significantly affected by in-scattered neutrons. The reduced size long counter is suitable for use as a standard transfer instrument for monitoring neutron fluence in mono-energetic neutron fields.

The spatial distribution, temporal variations and trend changes of surface black carbon concentrations in eight key climatic regions across China were analyzed from 2007 to 2018, based on the Modern-era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications Version 2 (MERRA-2) black carbon dataset. The mass concentration of BC in China shows an “East-High and West-Low” pattern, with multi-year averaged BC ranging from 154 ng/m3 to 3857 ng/m3. Pronounced seasonal variations were found, with the highest value in winter and the lowest in summer. Most of regions in central and eastern China share similar diurnal pattern with a single-peak at early morning and a valley at noon. Obvious downward trend in most regions of China were identified from 2007 to 2018, especially in southern central China and southwestern part of eastern China, with the highest decline rate of -8.349 ng/m3 per month, which confirming that the great endeavors and effective enforcement of environmental protection measures implemented in China for the last decade.

The temporal variations of black carbon concentration at 7 sites, including Longfengshan, Anshan, Benxi, Dalian, Changchun, Shenyang, and Fushun, in Northeast China was studied based on up to 11 years of ground observations and MERRA-2 reanalysis dataset. Except for Benxi, Changchun and Shenyang, at other four sites, the ground-based black carbon concentrations have decreased generally in the last decade, while changes in the black carbon concentration of MERRA-2 are relatively small. The seasonality of measured black carbon concentration shows a trend of low in May-June and high in January at all sites, and the diurnal cycles present similar pattern with two peaks occurring at 10:00-12:00 UTC and 23:00-24:00 UTC respectively, two troughs occurring at 05:00-07:00 UTC and 19:00-20:00 UTC respectively. The daily mean of MERRA-2 black carbon concentration is 49.3% lower than that of the ground observations at 7 sites averagely. They also show poor consistency in terms of seasonal and daily changes, which perhaps means an inappropriate application of MERRA-2 black carbon concentration at single point in Northeast China.