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Background: The germline variant spectrum of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is different from that of other subtypes and has demonstrated ethnic differences. However, the germline variants of TNBC among Chinese patients and its clinical significance remain unclear.Methods: Using our multi-omics TNBC cohort (n = 325), we determined the spectrum of germline variants in TNBC and aimed to illustrate their biological and clinical implications.Results: Overall, 16.0% (52 of 325) of TNBC patients harbored at least 1 pathogenic or likely pathogenic germline variant. These germline variants were associated with early onset of TNBC, the occurrence of contralateral breast cancer, the basal-like immune-suppressed mRNA subtype, and the homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) mutation subtype. Somatic allele-specific imbalance was observed in 54.1% of these germline variants, which was correlated with early onset of breast cancer and elevated HRD. The genes BRCA1 (7.4%), RAD51D (2.8%), and BRCA2 (2.2%) were those most frequently mutated. The RAD51D germline variants, especially K91fs, were enriched in Chinese patients with TNBC compared with Caucasian and African American patients. The Chinese-specific RAD51D germline variants were functionally associated with the instability of the RAD51D protein, HRD, and sensitivity to PARP inhibitors.Conclusions: Chinese TNBC patients have a distinct spectrum of germline variants, with a remarkable impact on the clinical and molecular characteristics of the tumor. Integrative germline-somatic analysis may help identify TNBC patients who are most likely to be affected by their germline variants and in performing clinical interventions more precisely. The RAD51D variants enriched in our cohort may serve as therapeutic targets and guide precision treatment of TNBC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper empirically studies the finance agglomeration and regional finance development disparities in China based on the sample of 31 provinces from 1997 to 2009. This paper calculates the degree of finance agglomeration using different measures and compares the results. Also, this paper discusses the spatial dependence of finance industry and the evolution of it using Moral I test and Moral scatter plots. The results illustrate that finance industry does not show significant spatial dependence or agglomeration for the whole country, however, there exists some area, where finance industry has some kind of spatial dependence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

this paper, we established an evaluation index system of comprehensive production capacity of hog industry, which included 26 indicators and mainly covered the following seven aspects: natural resource condition, supply capacity of feed, current status of hog production, costs and benefits of hog industry, agricultural foundation, technology support, and ecological environment condition. Then based on the index system, we applied entropy weight method, grey relational analysis and principal component analysis, to evaluate the comprehensive production capacity of hog industry of 31 provinces in China for the years 2000, 2005 and 2008 respectively. The consistency of these three methods was examined by Mann- Kendall test. A combined evaluation was conducted and reasons led to the great variation in rankings for some provinces during the period of 2000 2008 were analyzed. Finally, we divided all 31 provinces into four groups by applying hierarchical clustering, defined the regions which were appropriate for hog farming and which were not. Detailed analysis of evaluation results was presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The germline variant spectrum of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is different from that of other subtypes and has demonstrated ethnic differences. However, the germline variants of TNBC among Chinese patients and its clinical significance remain unclear., Methods: Using our multi-omics TNBC cohort (n = 325), we determined the spectrum of germline variants in TNBC and aimed to illustrate their biological and clinical implications., Results: Overall, 16.0% (52 of 325) of TNBC patients harbored at least 1 pathogenic or likely pathogenic germline variant. These germline variants were associated with early onset of TNBC, the occurrence of contralateral breast cancer, the basal-like immune-suppressed mRNA subtype, and the homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) mutation subtype. Somatic allele-specific imbalance was observed in 54.1% of these germline variants, which was correlated with early onset of breast cancer and elevated HRD. The genes BRCA1 (7.4%), RAD51D (2.8%), and BRCA2 (2.2%) were those most frequently mutated. The RAD51D germline variants, especially K91fs, were enriched in Chinese patients with TNBC compared with Caucasian and African American patients. The Chinese-specific RAD51D germline variants were functionally associated with the instability of the RAD51D protein, HRD, and sensitivity to PARP inhibitors., Conclusions: Chinese TNBC patients have a distinct spectrum of germline variants, with a remarkable impact on the clinical and molecular characteristics of the tumor. Integrative germline-somatic analysis may help identify TNBC patients who are most likely to be affected by their germline variants and in performing clinical interventions more precisely. The RAD51D variants enriched in our cohort may serve as therapeutic targets and guide precision treatment of TNBC., (© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)