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Objective To analyze the clinical prognosis of high - grade aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) patients with different amounts of hematoma. Methods A total of 211 patients with high - grade aSAH hospitalized in Norhern Jiangsu People's Hospital from September 2013 to December 2020 were included. According to the intracerebral hematoma volume, they were divided into non - hematoma group (n = 105), hematoma volume < 50 ml group (n = 69) and hematoma volume ≥ 50 ml group (n = 37). All of them underwent aneurysm clipping or embolization. The modified Rankin Scale (mRS) was used to evaluate the clinical prognosis 6 months after surgery. Results Among 211 cases, 139 (65.87%) underwent aneurysm clipping and 72 (34.12%) underwent aneurysm embolization. Except for 3 patients who failed to successfully clamp and underwent decompression with bone flap due to intraoperative malignant encephaloceles, the remaining 208 patients were successfully clipped, and no aneurysms ruptured and bled again after surgery. There were 58 patients (27.49%) with good prognosis, 59 patients (27.96%) with poor prognosis, and 94 patients (44.55%) with death. The difference in neurological function prognosis among the 3 groups was statistically significant (χ2 = 7.424, P = 0.024). Among them, the mortality rate in hematoma volume ≥ 50 ml group was higher than that in non-hematoma group (Z = - 2.655, P = 0.008). The incidence of complication was 95.73% (202/211) in all patients, including 95.24% (100/105) in non - hematoma group, 95.65% (66/69) in hematoma volume < 50 ml group, and 97.30% (36/37) in hematoma volume ≥ 50 ml group. The difference in complication among the 3 groups was not statistically significant (χ2 = 0.284, P = 0.867). Conclusions The prognosis of high - grade aSAH patients with intracerebral hematoma is poorer, especially in high-grade aSAH patients with hematoma volume ≥ 50 ml, and have a higher mortality rate.

Context: There is a significant challenge associated with the co-morbidity of mental and physical illnesses throughout the world. A classic example of mental/physical co-morbidity is diabetes-related depression (DD). Objective: DD is treated with Zuogui Jiangtang Jieyu prescription (ZJJ). Diabetes and psychiatric disorders are associated with dysbiosis of the gut microbiota. In this study, the aim is to examine the effects of ZJJ on gut microbiota and neuroinflammation in DD. Methods: A model of DD was established and treated with medium and high doses of ZJJ as well as Metformin & Fluoxetine. A detection of depressive-like behavior was then conducted on the rats. Proinflammatory cytokines were measured in cerebrospinal fluid, and HPA axis-related proteins, glucose metabolism, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were measured in serum. Fecal samples from each group were collected and analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing; TLR4 and MyD88 levels were detected by Western blot and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in the hippocampus. Results: High doses of ZJJ (ZJJ-H) were found to alleviate HPA axis hyperactivity and improve gut microbiota in rats with DD. Additionally, ZJJ treatment attenuated the inflammatory response in cerebrospinal fluid, e.g. a significant reduction in proinflammatory factors, a decrease in serum LPS levels, and an inhibition of TLR4/MyD88-related pathways in the hippocampus. Discussion and conclusion: ZJJ improved DD glucose metabolism and alleviated depression-like behaviors by improving gut microbiota and inhibiting hippocampal TLR4/Myd88 signaling pathways.

Ultra-short-term wind speed prediction is the key to ensure the implementation effect of wind turbine pitch angle feedforward control, and has an important impact on improving the environmental adaptability of wind turbines. In order to improve the prediction accuracy, an ultra-short-term wind speed prediction method based on an improved combined neural networks was proposed. In this method, BP neural network and long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network, which are suitable for time series prediction and have strong nonlinear learning ability, are selected for weighted combination to eliminate the large error that may exist in a single neural network. At the same time, to improve the combination effect, the differential evolution (DE) algorithm was used to optimize the combination weight. The method was applied to the ultra-short-term wind speed prediction of a wind farm. Compared with the results of single neural network prediction and equal weight combined neural networks prediction, the effectiveness of the proposed method in improving the prediction accuracy was verified.

Abstract We measured the levels of High‐Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1), Receptor for Advanced Glycation Endproducts (RAGE), T Helper 17 cells (Th17), Regulatory T cells (Treg), and related cytokines in the peripheral blood of patients with severe preeclampsia (SPE) complicated with acute heart failure (AHF) to explore the expression changes in these indicators. In total, 96 patients with SPE admitted to Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child‐care Hospital between June 2020 and June 2022 were included in the study. The patients were divided into SPE+AHF (40 patients) and SPE (56 patients) groups based on whether they suffered from AHF. Additionally, 56 healthy pregnant women who either received prenatal examinations or were admitted to our hospital for delivery during the same period were selected as the healthy control group. An enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay was performed to detect the expression levels of HMGB1, RAGE, interleukin (IL)‐17, IL‐6, transforming growth factor β (TGF‐β), IL‐10, and NT‐proBNP in plasma. Flow cytometry was employed to determine the percentages of Th17 and Treg cells. Compared to the healthy control group, the SPE+AHF and SPE groups had higher plasma levels of HMGB1 and RAGE expression, higher Th17 percentage and Th17/Treg ratio, and lower Treg percentage. Compared to the SPE group, the SPE+AHF group had higher plasma levels of HMGB1 and RAGE expression, higher Th17 percentage and Th17/Treg ratio, and lower Treg percentage (P

Feline parvovirus (FPV) is highly infectious for cats and other Felidae and often causes severe damage to young kittens. In this study, we incorporated recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) and Cas12a-mediated detection and developed an RPA-Cas12a-based real-time or end-point fluorescence detection method to identify the NS1 gene of FPV. The total time of RPA-Cas12a-based fluorescence assay is approximately 25 min. The assay presented a limit of detection (LOD) of 1 copies/μl (25 copies/per reaction), with no cross-reactivity with several feline pathogens. The clinical performance of the assay was examined using total genomic DNA purified from 60 clinical specimens and then compared to results obtained with qPCR detection of FPV with 93.3% positive predictive agreement and 100% negative predictive agreement. Together, the rapid reaction, cost-effectiveness, and high sensitivity make the RPA-Cas12a-based fluorescence assay a fascinating diagnostic tool that will help minimize infection spread through instant detection of FPV.

Nb–Ti–Al base alloy is an important structural material with low density and high temperature. However, as with other niobium alloys, the weak oxidation resistance is the bottleneck of its engineering application. Surface coating technology is considered an ideal method to solve the oxidation resistance of Nb–Ti–Al-based alloys. In this article, the progress of research on high-temperature antioxidation silicide coatings on Nb–Ti–Al alloy in recent years is reviewed. The microstructure, phase composition, and oxidation properties of different silicide coatings are analyzed. The failure mechanism and applications of Nb–Ti–Al-based alloy silicide coating are summarized. The existing problems and future development of Nb–Ti–Al-based alloy silicide coatings are analyzed and prospected.

Stability analysis of underground constructions requires a model study of rock masses’ long-term performance. Creep tests under different stress conditions was conducted on intact granite and granite samples fractured at 30° and 45° angles. The experimental results indicate that the steady creep strain rates of intact and fractured rock present an exponential increase trend with the increase of stress level. A nonlinear creep model is developed based on the experimental results, in which the initial damage caused by fracture together with the damage caused by constant load have been taken into consideration. The fitting analysis results indicated that the model proposed is more accurate at identifying the full creep regions in fractured granite, especially the accelerated stage of creep deformation. The least-square fit error of the proposed creep model is significantly lower than that of Nishihara model by almost an order of magnitude. An analysis of the effects of elastic modulus, viscosity coefficient, and damage factors on fractured rock strain rate and creep strain is conducted. If no consideration is given to the effects of the damage, the proposed nonlinear creep model can degenerate into to the classical Nishihara model.

This study proposes a finite element model for submerged water jet excavation using a cylindrical nozzle with an aim to determine the depth and diameter of jet orifices during water jet excavation. The model's accuracy was verified through indoor experiments, employing the Lagrangian-Eulerian fluid-solid coupling algorithm. The response surface method was utilized to establish a predictive model for the depth and diameter of jet orifices, which includes the impact of nozzle diameter, jet standoff distance, jet pressure, and their interactions. The construction parameters for jet excavation were optimized using a satisfaction function. Results indicated that for excavation depths of 10 cm, 15 cm, and 20 cm, keeping the stability of the jet orifices to the maximum required higher jet pressure(7.2 MPa), smaller jet standoff distance(1 cm), and an appropriate nozzle diameter(0.928 mm, 1.164 mm, and 1.345 mm). After optimization, the predicted values of jet orifice depth and diameter for the specific target excavation depths showed an error of less than 15 % compared to the experimental values, demonstrating the credibility and reliability of the predictions.

AIM: To quantify early changes of macular capillary parameters in type 2 diabetic patients using optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA).METHODS: Retrospective case study. A total of 49 healthy subjects, 52 diabetic patients without retinopathy(noDR)patients, and 43 mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy(mNPDR)patients were recruited. Capillary perfusion density, vessel length density(VLD), and average vessel diameter(AVD)were calculated from macular OCTA images(3 mm×3 mm)of the superficial capillary plexus after segmenting large vessels and the deep capillary plexus. Parameters were compared among control subjects, noDR, and mNPDR patients. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve estimated the abilities of these parameters to detect early changes of retinal microvascular networks.RESULTS: Significant differences were found in the VLD and AVD among the three groups(P

Introduction: Uremic pruritus (UP) is a prevalent symptom in patients suffering from uremia, yet its underlying etiology and mechanisms remain incompletely elucidated. Given the significant incidence of UP, identifying specific alterations in proteins present in the blood of UP patients could offer insights into the potential biological pathways associated with UP and facilitate the exploration of biomarkers.Methods: In this study, we employed LC-MS/MS-based data-independent acquisition (DIA) mode to analyze serum samples obtained from 54 UP patients categorized as DKD-UP, HN-UP, and GN-UP (n = 18 for each subgroup), along with 18 uremic patients without pruritus (Negative) and 18 CKD patients without pruritus (CKD). Through DIA mode analysis, a total of 7075 peptides and 959 proteins were quantified. Within these, we identified four upregulated and 13 downregulated Differentially Expressed Proteins (DEPs) in DKD-UP versus Negative, five upregulated and 22 downregulated DEPs in HN-UP versus Negative, and three upregulated and 23 downregulated DEPs in GN-UP versus Negative. Furthermore, we conducted an intersection analysis of the DEPs across these three comparison groups to derive a set of common DEPs (COMP). Subsequently, a total of 67 common DEPs were identified in the three UP groups when compared to the CKD group, with 40 DEPs showing upregulation and 27 DEPs displaying downregulation.Results: Following Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) analyses, we observed that the DEPs distinguishing UP from CKD were primarily associated with mitochondrial function (MT-CYB, PRDX2, TOMM22), inflammation (CD59, CSF1), renal injury (WFDC2), and neural function (CAP1, VGF).Discussion: Our findings contribute to a potential molecular comprehension of UP pathogenesis, shedding light on the identification of these DEPs as plausible biomarkers for UP.

The glass fiber fabric reinforced polytetrafluoroethylene (GF/PTFE) self-lubricating composite was investigated by using a high frequency and high load oscillating friction and wear tester MYB-500 to carry on a whole life wear test. The self-lubricating performance and damage characteristics were studied, and the wear debris and wear surface were analyzed by microscopic detection method to discuss the key factors affecting the self-lubricating stability and service life of material. Results show that the life cycle of GF/PTFE self-lubricating composite exhibits an obvious stage characteristics, and can be divided into three stages, including running-in, stable stage and failure stage based on the change of friction coefficient and wear depth. Real-time monitoring of friction coefficient and friction temperature can effectively reflect the self-lubricating performance and life stage of the material. The change of wear depth and wear surface analysis show that the wear exhibits notable non-uniformity. According to wear mechanism, the inhomogeneity of the initial thickness of the material has a significant influence on the inconsistency of the damage during the wear process as well as its life. Therefore, by improving the curing process, the stable stage in life cycle can be prolonged and the service life of the material can also be increased.

Glucose is essential to the physiological processes of vertebrates. Mammalian physiological stability requires a relatively stable blood glucose level (~5 mM), whereas other vertebrates have greater flexibility in regulating blood glucose (0.5–25 mM). GCGR family receptors play an important role in vertebrate glucose regulation. Here, we examine the evolution of the GCGR family ligand-receptor systems in different species. Comparatively, we discover that the conserved sequences among GCG family ligands lead to the non-specific activation of ligands across species. In particular, we observe that glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP1R), glucagon-like peptide 2 receptor (GLP2R), and glucagon-like receptor (GCGLR, also called GCRPR) are arbitrarily activated by other members of the ligand family in birds. Moreover, we reveal that Gallus gallus GLP2 (gGLP2) effectively activates mammalian GLP1R and improves glucose tolerance in diabetic mice. Our study has important implications for understanding blood glucose stabilization in vertebrates and demonstrates that gGLP2 may be a potential drug for treating type 2 diabetes.

Cardioprotection is valued in radiotherapy for patients with left-sided breast cancer. Deep inspiration breath-hold (DIBH) technique can achieve cardioprotection well. However, during DIBH, the extent to which the heart enters the radiation field is affected by the movement of the thorax and diaphragm. The aim of this study was to analyze the correlation between the maximum distance of the heart entering the field (maximum heart distance, MHD) and thoracic diameter changes and diaphragmatic descent in left-sided breast cancer patients during DIBH.

By adopting the theoretical framework of Risk-Benefit perceptions, this study takes the popularization of Artificial Intelligence (AI) knowledge as an empirical object to test the key factors impacting on science communication effects in the WeChat official accounts. Results showed that science communication uncertainty produced both direct and indirect effects on science communication effects. The indirect effect was mainly mediated by perceived risk. Public trust negatively moderated the association between perceived uncertainty and perceived risk at a low trust level. Perceived entertainment had a positive effect on science communication effects in the benefit-perception perspective.

The ubiquitin ⁃ proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy system are two systems in eukaryotic protein quality control, both of which can play a biological role independently and also closely related, and play a key role in clearing abnormal proteins and secondary injury mechanism of nerve cells after traumatic brain injury (TBI). This article reviews the mechanism and interaction of UPS and autophagy system in secondary injury after TBI, in order to provide theoretical basis for protecting nerve function and improving prognosis after TBI.

Abstract Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with motor deficits due to nigrostriatal dopamine depletion and with the non-motor/premotor symptoms (NMS) such as anxiety, cognitive dysfunction, depression, hyposmia, and sleep disorders. NMS is presented in at least one-fifth of the patients with PD. With the histological information being investigated, stem cells are shown to provide neurotrophic supports and cellular replacement in the damaging brain areas under PD conditions. Pathological change of progressive PD includes degeneration and loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of the midbrain. The current stem cell beneficial effect addresses dopamine boost for the striatal neurons and gliovascular mechanisms as competing for validated PD drug targets. In addition, there are clinical interventions for improving the patient’s NMS and targeting their autonomic dysfunction, dementia, mood disorders, or sleep problems. In our and many others’ research using brain injury models, multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells demonstrate an additional and unique ability to alleviate depressive-like behaviors, independent of an accelerated motor recovery. Intranasal delivery of the stem cells is discussed for it is extensively tested in rodent animal models of neurological and psychiatric disorders. In this review, we attempt to discuss the repairing potentials of transplanted cells into parkinsonism pathological regions of motor deficits and focus on preventive and treatment effects. From new approaches in the PD biological therapy, it is believed that it can as well benefit patients against PD-NMS.

Chlamydia felis is an important zoonotic agent for humans and various animals. A recombinase-aided amplification (RAA) assay was developed for detecting C. felis. RAA can be performed in a closed tube at 39°C within 30 min. The detection limit was 10.6 copies of the C. felis plasmid DNA per reaction. No positive signals for other pathogens were detected. The coincidence rate of RAA and conventional PCR was 95.24% (20/21) and 100% (96/96) for positive and negative samples, respectively. The established RAA assay is a simple, rapid, highly sensitive, and specific method for detecting C. felis.

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) rarely metastasizes to the ovary, and is difficult to diagnose given its overlapping clinical features and histological characteristics with primary ovarian cancer. Since therapies for SCLC and primary ovarian cancer differ, it is important to determine the original site of ovarian lesions. This report describes the differential diagnosis of metastatic from primary ovarian cancer. A 46-year-old Chinese woman with a history of SCLC, confirmed by transbronchial lung biopsy in August 2018, presented with abdominal distension in December 2018. Ultrasound examination and whole abdomen computed tomography showed one mass in each ovary. A provisional diagnosis of ovarian tumor was given. A palliative total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was performed; and three postoperative courses of chemotherapies. The patient died from multiple organ failure in May 2019. Metastatic ovarian cancer from SCLC was determined based on characteristic histological and immunohistochemical staining.

Background During the COVID-19 pandemic, wearing masks and maintaining social distancing have become common personal protective measures. However, there is little research on alterations in cardiopulmonary function of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) after wearing different masks. Objective To study the effect of wearing a surgical mask versus an N95 respirator on cardiopulmonary function in patients with COPD. Methods Thirty patients diagnosed with COPD in General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Region were recruited from 30th June to 10th August, 2022, and randomly assigned to either an N95 respirator group (n=15) or a surgical mask group (n=15) . Both groups underwent two bouts of walking on a treadmill at a speed of 4 km/h for 20 min with an interval of 24 h (washout period) , with the difference that N95 respirator group wore an N95 respirator in the first bout and a surgical mask in the second bout, and surgical mask group did the opposite. Arterial blood gas analysis was performed, and heart rate, blood pressure and respiratory rate were measured immediately after each bout of walking, and the overall pre- and post-experiment alterations of these indicators were calculated. The lowest percutaneous arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) and the maximum respiration rate during the experiment were monitored, and adverse events were recorded as well. Results All the participants completed the experiment. Compared with the surgical mask group, N95 respirator group had increased difference between pre- and post-experiment arterial pH〔0.013 (0.020) vs -0.004 (0.010) , P=0.001〕, arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) 〔1.2 (1.2) mmHg vs 0.5 (1.6) mmHg, P=0.001〕 or arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) 〔12.5 (10.5) mmHg vs 5.0 (13.2) mmHg, P=0.002〕. In the experiment, dyspnea occurred in 25 cases (83.3%) wearing an N95 respirator, and 16 cases (53.3%) wearing a surgical mask. Compared with wearing a surgical mask, the relative risk of dyspnea in COPD patients wearing an N95 respirator during the experiment was 1.563〔95%CI (1.078, 2.264) , P=0.012〕. Conclusion COPD patients wearing an N95 respirator during walking are more likely to have alterations in arterial pH, PaCO2 and PaO2 levels, which affect the gas exchange and may cause dyspnea.

BackgroundCompared with male adolescents， depression among female adolescents is of higher prevalence and greater severity. The level of generalized trust correlates with the severity of depression， and attachment correlates with the level of generalized trust. Therefore， based on the mediating role of generalized trust between attachment and depression， this study explores the pathogenesis of depression in female adolescents.ObjectiveTo explore the mediating role of generalized trust between paternal， maternal and peer attachment and depression in female adolescents， so as to provide references for improving the depression of female adolescents.MethodsThis study included 73 female adolescents who met the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorder in the International Classification of Diseases， tenth edition（ICD-10） as well as received outpatient and inpatient treatment in Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital between March 2022 and October 2022. Investigation was conducted by use of Revised Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment （IPPA-R）， the Inclusive General Trust Scale （IGTS） and Children's Depression Inventory （CDI）. Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation between each scale score. The Bootstrap method was used to test the mediating role of generalized trust between attachment and depression.Results① CDI score in female adolescents with depression was negatively correlated with scores of paternal， maternal and peer attachment in IPPA-R （r=-0.463， -0.459， -0.447， P

A method of headspace-solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography/triple quadrupole mass spectrometry was established for simultaneous determination of 10 types of 51 odorous substances in water. The effects of extraction head, extraction temperature, extraction time, salt content, desorption time and split ratio on detection results were investigated with optimized gas chromatography-mass spectrometry parameters using the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode for triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. The results showed that the optimized conditions were polydimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene as extraction head, 55 ℃ as extraction temperature, 20 min as extraction time, 300 g/L NaCl as salt content, desorption time of 0.5 min and the split ratio of 10∶1. The detection limits of 51 odorous substances ranged from 0.4 to 183 ng/L, and the linear correlation coefficients were greater than 0.995. The detection limits of indicator substances, such as geosmin, 2-methylisothiol, anisole, dimethyl disulfide, and dimethyl trisulfide were 0.4, 0.9, 1.9, 3.5, 1.7 ng/L, respectively, which met the limit requirement of “Standard for Drinking Water Quality (GB 5749—2022)” of China. The spiked recoveries of the low, medium and high concentration levels were 76.2%-118%, 78.9%-119% and 82.0%-119%, and the relative standard deviations were 2.9%-19.4%, 1.8%-13.4% and 0.9%-13.2%, respectively. This method was used to detect the odorous substances in 29 surface waters, in which 12 odorous substances such as methyl mercaptan, dimethyl sulfide, and DL-sec-butyl acetate were detected with the concentration range of 2.2~1 651 ng/L. There were no apparent interferences in the MRM channels for the detected odorous substances. This method has the characteristics of simple pretreatment, good reproducibility and high accuracy, which is suitable for simultaneous and rapid screening of various types of odorous substances in water bodies.

An Aquila optimizer-back propagation (AO-BP) neural network was used to establish an approximate model of the relationship between the design variables and the optimization objective to improve elevator block brake capabilities and achieve a lightweight brake design. Subsequently, the constraint conditions and objective functions were determined. Moreover, the multi-objective genetic algorithm optimized the structural block brake design. Finally, the effectiveness of the optimization results was verified using simulation experiments. The results demonstrate that the maximum temperature of the optimized brake wheel during emergency braking was 222.09°C, which is 36.71°C lower than that of 258.8°C before optimization, with a change rate of 14.2%. The maximum equivalent stress after optimization was 246.89 MPa, 28.87 MPa lower than that of 275.66 MPa before optimization, with a change rate of 10.5%. In addition, the brake wheel mass was reduced from 58.85 kg to 52.40 kg, and the thermal fatigue life at the maximum equivalent stress increased from 64 times before optimization to 94 times after optimization.

The earth's climate has undergone significant changes due to the combined effects of natural changes and human activities. To understand the impact of climate change, the most fundamental work is to establish high-quality data required for climate purposes. Currently, the long series observations mainly come from satellites and sites. However, most satellite sensors are designed for short-term and imminent weather monitoring and numerical prediction, rather than long-term climate monitoring. To meet future research needs, more efforts are needed in data reprocessing such as satellite calibration and multi-source data fusion.Global Navigation Satellite System Radio Occultation (GNSS-RO) is a system that carries a receiver on low orbit satellite to receive radio signals transmitted by the global navigation satellite system. GNSS-RO detects the earth's atmosphere in a borderline manner during relative motion. When propagating in non-vacuum atmosphere, radio signals may appear bent or delay due to different atmospheric physical characteristics. After complex processing, physical parameters such as atmospheric temperature, humidity, and density can be inverted. Each receiver observes approximately 500 occultation events per day, which are almost randomly distributed on the earth and not affected by clouds and underlying surfaces. These data provide a source of observational information with high vertical resolution and long-term stability, extending from near surface to upper stratosphere. The original occultation observation is based on time and position measurements, needing no calibration, which has advantages in climate change study.The occultation receiver on FY-3C/3D/3E meteorological satellite can receive GPS and Beidou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) signals, and the records are almost nine years long. To analyze the accuracy and stability of temperature records from multiple radio occultation, the mean and standard deviation of the dry temperature of FY-3C/3D/3E GPS and BDS radio occultation are studied using ERA5 data. It demonstrats that the accuracy of the dry temperature profile is the highest between 200 hPa and 20 hPa and the error characteristics of GPS and BDS radio occultation are similar. The stability of the average temperature deviation of FY-3C GPS for 5-year time series is very good, which is -0.0055 K·a-1. After several algorithm improvements, the standard deviation of FY-3C GPS dry temperature decreased to about 1 K at the beginning of 2018. BDS radio occultation products are operationally provided since April 2021, and there is a good consistency between FY-3C/3E and between GPS and BDS radio occultation. Due to the algorithm adjustment at the beginning of 2021, the average deviation between FY-3D radio occultation and ERA5 data shows a significant jump. In general, the stability of multiple radio occultation dry temperature records is good and promising for climate change monitoring and research. It is necessary to carry out homogeneity reprocessing.

【Background and Objective】 Northern Xinjiang is the largest and most productive cotton base in China. However, water shortage and unsustainable farming practices have hindered the development of its cotton industry. This study aims to experimentally investigate the effect of planting patterns on physiological growth and yield of the cotton in attempts to help improve sustainability of cotton production in this region. 【Method】 The experiment was conducted in a drip-irrigated field with film mulch. The planting patterns were designed based on the film width and the distance between adjacent drip tapes: 12 rows and six drip tapes with the film width being 4.45 (N445), six rows and three drip tapes with the film width being 2.05 m (W205), six rows and three drip tapes with the film width being 2.05 m (WJ205), four rows and two drip tapes with the film width being 1.45 (N145). The control is six rows and three drip irrigation tapes with the film width being 2.05 m (CK). During the experiment, we measured the growth, photosynthetic traits and yield of the cotton. 【Result】 The cotton growth and yield were highest in N445, followed by CK, W205, WJ205 and N145. Compared to CK, N445 increased the height, leaf area index, dry matter accumulation, net photosynthetic rate, and yield of the cotton by 5.52%, 5.20%, 13.61%, 10.39%, and 8.86%, respectively, equivalent to 4 613.25 Yuan/per hectare increase in income. Compared to CK, W205 and WJ205 under the same film width reduced the height, leaf area index, dry matter mass, net photosynthetic rate, and yield of the cotton by 6.23%, 8.03%, 12.73%, 3.82% and 5.11%, respectively. 【Conclusion】 Increasing film width and narrowing the row space can increase the height, leaf area index and photosynthetic rate of the cotton, thereby promoting accumulation of dry matter, stabilizing cotton yield and increasing economic return. For all planting patterns we compared, the 12 rows and six tapes with the film width being 4.45 m is optimal.

Objective To investigate the effect of intraoperative epileptic seizure on postoperative mood and muscle strength during awake anesthesia (AA) for the resection of gliomas. Methods A total of 90 patients with glioma admitted to Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University of Chinese PLA from September 2020 to September 2022 were collected and divided into general anesthesia group (GA group, n = 30), awake anesthesia without intraoperative epileptic seizure group (AA group, n = 30), and awake anesthesia with intraoperative epileptic seizure group (AA + IE group, n = 30) according to the anesthesia method and the presence of intraoperative epileptic seizure. Patients' mood and muscle strength changes were assessed preoperatively and one week postoperatively by using Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) and muscle strength division method. Results The differences in HAMD score (F = 9.985, P = 0.000) and muscle strength (F = 4.472, P = 0.014) at one week postoperatively were statistically significant among 3 groups. HAMD score was increased in AA group (q = 3.177, P = 0.014) and AA + IE group (q = 9.468, P = 0.000) when compared with GA group. HAMD scores was increased in AA + IE group (q = 6.290, P = 0.003) when compared with AA group. Postoperative muscle strength of AA group (q = 9.172, P = 0.006) and AA + IE group (q = 5.310, P = 0.000) was increased when compared with GA group. Muscle strength of AA + IE group was decreased compared with AA group (q = 3.862, P = 0.007). Conclusions Awake anesthesia can aggravate postoperative depression, but improve muscle strength. Intraoperative epileptic seizure can aggravate postoperative depression and decrease muscle strength. A reasonable preventive treatment plan needs to be developed in advance to reduce the incidence of intraoperative epileptic seizure.

Considering the important effect of mineral composition, this article deduces the similarity criterion based on the dimensional method. Similar materials suitable for tuffs with different degrees of weathering in karst areas are made. By virtue of the orthogonal experiment, the mechanical behaviors of the similar materials with various mix proportions are systematically investigated. It provides an important reference and basis for the next proposed model tests on the stability of tuff strata in karst areas. The results indicate that a stable mechanical behavior can be achieved for the similar material made of quartz sand, cement, gypsum, limestone powder, diatomite, red clay, and water. Moreover, it is also found that the aggregate and the binder have an observable influence on the mechanical behavior of the similar material. With an increase in the amount of cement and gypsum, the homogeneity of the sample increases, failure mode in which the specimen shows lateral compression damage. However, with increasing the amount of quartz sand, there is a tendency that a weak structural plane will be generated within the sample. Thus, this similar material can be satisfactorily used for simulating limestone of different weathering degrees in a scaled model test.

In order to use the existing hardware sources to improve the line selection performance of single-phase grounding fault of small resistance grounding systems， a method for line selection of single-phase grounding fault based on the global steady-state monitoring information of the substation automation system is investigated. The zero-sequence voltage of the busbar and the zero-sequence current of each line in the case of single-phase grounding faults are deduced. The ratio of zero-sequence current of lines with single-phase grounding faults to that of non-fault lines under extreme conditions is analyzed. Moreover， the line selection method of single-phase grounding fault is proposed. The zero-sequence current is used as the starting criterion for line selection of single-phase grounding fault， and the setting principle of zero-sequence principle is introduced to calculate the maximum transition resistance that can be started under the setting value of zero-sequence current. An example is given to illustrate the proposed method， and the results show that the steady-state monitoring information of the substation automation system can remarkably improved the detection performance of single-phase grounding fault of small resistance grounding systems.

Objective To investigate the application effect of enhanced recovery after surgery in perioperative nursing of patients with choledochojejunostomy. Methods Totally 80 patients undergoing choledochojejunostomy were randomly divided into the control group and observation group, with 40 cases in each group. Patients in the control group received routing care during the treatement, and those in the observation group received perioperative nursing interventions based on the theory of enhanced recovery after surgery. Primary outcomes were first anal exhaust time, length of hospital stay, hospitalization costs and incidence of postoperative complications. Secondary outcomes were time to remove the gastric tube, time to remove the urinary catheter, time to food-taking, time to off-bed activity and volume of fluid infusion. Results The first anal exhaust time and length of hospital stay in the observation group were shorter than those in the control group (P＜0. 01). The hospitalization costs in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (P＜0. 01). The time to remove the gastric tube, time to remove the urinary catheter and time to off-bed activity in the observation group were shorter than those in the control group (P＜0. 01). The volume of fluid infusion in the observation group was less than that in the control group (P＜0. 01). The incidence rate of complications in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (P＜0. 05). Conclusion The enhanced recovery after surgery is effective and safe in perioperative nursing of patients with choledochojejunostomy, it has a positive effect on reducing the incidence of postoperative complications. (目的 探讨基于加速康复外科理念的护理干预在胆肠吻合术患者中的应用方法及效果。方法 选择2018年1月—2020年8月住院行胆肠吻合术的80例患者为研究对象, 按照随机分组方法将患者分为对照组和观察组, 各40例。对照组给予常规护理, 观察组实施基于加速康复外科理念的护理干预。主要指标: 首次肛门排气时间、住院时间、住院费用、并发症的发生率; 次要指标: 拔除胃管时间、尿管时间、进食时间、下床时间、输液量。结果 观察组首次肛门排气时间、住院时间均较对照组缩短, 差异有统计学意义(P＜0. 01), 观察组住院费用较对照组减少, 差异有统计学意义(P＜0. 01)。观察组拔除胃管时间、拔尿管时间、进食时间以及下床时间较对照组缩短, 差异有统计学意义(P＜0. 01), 观察组输液量也明显少于对照组, 差异有统计学意义(P＜0. 01)。观察组并发症发生率低于对照组, 差异有统计学意义(P＜0. 05)。结论 在胆肠吻合术患者围术期护理中的应用加速康复外科理念安全有效, 对降低术后并发症发生率具有积极意义。)

Decreased locomotor activity and altered urinary frequency are induced by bilateral common iliac vein ligation in rats. As a carotenoid, lycopene has a strong anti-oxidative function. This research investigated the function of lycopene in the pelvic venous congestion (PC) rat model and the underlying molecular mechanism. Lycopene and olive oil were administered intragastrically on a daily basis for 4 weeks after successful modeling. Locomotor activity, voiding behavior, and continuous cystometry were analyzed. The levels of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), nitrate and nitrite (NOx), and creatinine in the urine were measured. Gene expression in the bladder wall was analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and Western blot. Locomotor activity, single voided volume, the interval between the bladder contractions, and urinary NOx/cre ratio were all decreased in rats with PC, while the frequency of urination, urinary 8-OHdG/cre ratio, inflammatory responses, and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signal activity were all increased. Lycopene treatment increased locomotor activity, decreased frequency of urination, elevated urinary NOx level, and decreased urinary 8-OHdG level in the PC rat model. Lycopene also inhibited PC-enhanced pro-inflammatory mediator expression and NF‐κB signaling pathway activity. In conclusion, lycopene treatment ameliorates PC-induced phenotypes and shows an anti-inflammatory effect in the PC rat model.

In order to explore the wear mechanism of Cr4Mo4V bearing steel under the condition of instantaneous dry friction， the silicon nitride ball and Cr4Mo4V steel disc friction pair were used to explore the influence of load changes on the friction characteristics of Cr4Mo4V bearing steel under the conditions of an ambient temperature of 300 ℃， a speed of 0.3 m/s and a sliding dry friction. Results showed that when the load increased in the range of 1.2～2.4 GPa，the friction coefficient of Cr4Mo4V bearing steel decreased from 0.89 to 0.42，while the wear rate increased from 2.05×10-6 mm3/(N·m) to 2.68×10-6 mm3/(N·m). Oxidation reaction occurred on the worn surface， and the types of oxides produced under different load conditions were different. Besides， the main wear mechanisms of Cr4Mo4V were oxidation wear and adhesion wear.

It has been traditionally believed that a 1:1 cortical bone remodeling/tooth movement ratio has been preserved during orthodontic treatment for tooth movement, with the alveolar bone on the tension side growing and the alveolar bone on the pressure side resorbing to maintain the balance of the alveolar bone. However, recent studies have shown that alveolar bone loss has been found in patients who have undergone orthodontic treatment, suggesting that the alveolar bone does not change as the teeth change over time. Whether the morphology of the alveolar bone will change when the anterior teeth are moved has been the clinical focus. The changes of anterior alveolar bone in patients who have undergone tooth extraction after orthodontic treatment were summerized by literature review in this paper. The results of the review showed that the alveolar bone at the lingual/palatal root-cervical site of the anterior root is more prone to bone loss after extensive movement of the anterior teeth. With the development of imaging technology, CBCT is now more commonly used for analysis instead of two-dimensional images for measurement, as its results are more accurate. However, there are few multifactorial studies in which CBCT has been used to assess the morphological changes in the alveolar bone. The focus of future research is to compare the long-term changes in the anterior alveolar bone of patients of different ages based on three-dimensional imaging, and to study the correlation between different skeletal features, tooth movement patterns and alveolar bone remodeling.

Objective To evaluate the value of narrow-band imaging (NBI) laryngoscopy combined with laryngopharyngeal reflux scale in the diagnosis of laryngeal malignant tumors and precancerous lesions. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 96 patients (87 males and 9 females) with suspected laryngeal cancer or precancerous lesions under white light laryngoscope from December 2021 to April 2022. All patients were examined and compared with under white light mode and NBI mode of laryngoscopy as well as scored with reflux sign scale (reflux finding score, RFS). The reflux symptom index (RSI) scale was scored under the guidance of the same professional physician. White light mode, NBI mode, white light mode combined with throat reflux scale and NBI mode combined with throat reflux scale were used to evaluate the benign and malignant lesions. The pathological results of biopsy or operation were confirmed and regarded as diagnostic criteria. The accuracy, sensitivity and specificity in white light mode, NBI mode, white light mode combined RSI, and NBI mode combined RSI were compared, and the diagnostic effectiveness of the 4 Methods were analyzed and compared using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) pairing analysis and ROC curve analysis. Results Among the 96 patients, 20 cases were benign lesions, 33 cases were precancerous lesions and 43 cases were malignant lesions. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity was 71.88%, 60.47% and 81.13%, respectively, for the white light mode; was 92.71%, 90.70% and 94.34%, respectively in the NBI mode, was 83.33%, 81.40% and 84.91%, respectively, for white light mode combined with RSI; and was 92.71%, 95.35% and 90.57%, respectively for NBI mode combined with RSI. The average score of RFS corresponding to the 3 pathological grades (benign, precancerous and malignant lesions) were 4.20±0.68, 5.85±2.32 and 9.49±2.56 in white light mode, 4.50±0.92, 6.70±2.67 and 10.77±2.18 in NBI mode, and the score of RSI was 9.10±1.77, 10.88±2.22 and 12.40±2.86, respectively. The average score of RFS of NBI classification I-Vc were 4.31±0.61, 4.67±1.25, 6.23±3.07, 7.27±2.26, 10.16±2.68, 11.06±2.07 and 11.33±1.70, respectively. The average score of RSI was 9.08±1.59, 9.50±1.89, 10.15±2.32, 11.73±2.72, 12.21±2.67, 12.53±3.17 and 15.33±3.70, respectively. The accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of NBI mode were significantly higher than those of white light mode (P < 0.05); And so were white light model combined with laryngopharyngeal reflux scale than white light model (P < 0.05), but there was no statistical difference in specificity; There were no statistical differences in accuracy, sensitivity and specificity between NBI model and laryngopharyngeal reflux scale. The AUC difference between white light model and NBI, white light model and white light model combined with laryngeal reflux scale were -0.094 (95%CI: -0.167~-0.020) and -0.111 (95%CI: -0.178~-0.044), respectively (P < 0.05), which were statistically significant. Conclusion The diagnostic value of NBI model and white light model combined with laryngeal reflux scale is higher than that of white light model in laryngeal carcinoma and precancerous lesions.

Inconel 617 nickel-based superalloy with 3 mm wall thickness was welded by laser beam using two different heat input welding parameters. The microstructure of the welded joint was observed by optical microscope and scanning electron microscope, and the mechanical properties of the welded joint at room temperature (25℃) and high temperature (900℃) were tested. The results show that the laser welding heat input has a significant effect on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Inconel 617 welded joints. The front width of the laser weld obtained by high heat input (200 J/mm) process parameters is 3.88 mm. The grain size in the middle of the weld fusion zone is coarse, and the grain orientation is disordered. The secondary dendrite arm spacing in the middle of the weld is large (6.71 μm). The carbide particle size between the dendrites is coarse, and the solidification microsegregation of Mo, Cr alloy elements is serious. The width of heat affected zone is about 0.29 mm. The eutectic structure of γ+carbide is formed in the grain boundary and grain interior. This is because during the heating process of the welding, the spherical carbide particles and the surrounding austenite in the heat-affected zone liquefy and the eutectic structure is formed during the solidification process after welding. The front width of the laser weld obtained by low heat input (90 J/mm) process parameters is 2.28 mm, the grains inside the weld are columnar which is formed by epitaxial growth along the fusion line and directional solidification along the heat flow direction. The secondary dendrite arm spacing in the middle of the weld is small (2.26 μm), the carbide particles between dendrites are small, and the width of heat affected zone is about 0.15 mm. The tensile strength test at room temperature (25℃) shows that the welded joints obtained under high heat input fracture from the middle of the weld, and the tensile strength and elongation decrease, which is caused by the segregation of solid solution elements in the weld. The welded joints obtained under low heat input fracture from the base metal. At high temperature (900℃), all samples fracture from the base metal, which is due to the weakening of the grain boundary of the base metal at high temperatures.

Abstract The breathing pipe of a produced water storage tank in a sulfide-containing natural gas station is prone to deposit formation, which leads to pipeline blockage. In this study, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses of the deposit in breathing pipe show that the deposit is composed of elemental sulfur and corrosion scales of ferrous polysulfide and ferrous sulfate. Existing deposit formation prediction models cannot predict the formation of elemental sulfur and corrosion scales in sulfide-containing environments. Herein, based on thermodynamic models of elemental sulfur and corrosion scale formation, deposit formation models of elemental sulfur, ferrous polysulfide, and ferrous sulfate scale formation are established. It is found that deposition of elemental sulfur and ferrous polysulfide increases with decreasing temperature of the breathing tube. Corrosion of pipe in the precipitating corrosive water leads to higher activity of $$\left[{\mathrm{Fe}}^{2+}\right]$$ Fe 2 + on the inner wall of the pipe carried by the sulfide-containing natural gas. Consequently, ferrous polysulfide and ferrous sulfate are easily deposited when the activity products of ferrous, sulfide, and sulfate ions are higher than the thermodynamic solubility product constant. The aforementioned prediction models are applied to predict the deposition of ferrous polysulfide, ferrous sulfate corrosion scale, and elemental sulfur using the chemical composition data of gas and precipitating water in the breathing pipe of the produced water tank of TB101-X1 well. The prediction results of the models are consistent with those of actual chemical composition analysis, which verifies the accuracy and reliability of the models.

The eastern Himalayan syntaxis is one of the regions having the most intense tectonic activities, the most complex geological conditions, and the most frequent geohazards in the world. The planning and construction of engineering projects are faced with four types of catastrophic geo-safety risks, including tectonic faulting in the plate tectonic belt, disaster occurrence of the deep-buried tunnels, instability of loose mountains, and regional geological disaster chain. It is a critical topic in the field of engineering geology how to select relatively stable and safe sites in active tectonic zones to minimize the geo-safety risks of planning, construction, and operation of engineering projects. This paper summarized the major geo-safety problems in the eastern Himalayan syntaxis. Accordingly, it revealed that traditional site selection theories hardly satisfy the requirements of the engineering projects in the eastern Himalayan syntaxis area. The site selection encounters geo-safety challenges caused by unclear geological evolution process and construction, prominent disaster risk of tectonic activity and strong earthquake, weak research on the deep tectonic stress field and disaster evaluation, and severe ultra-high-elevation and ultra-long-runout geological disaster chain. Thus, this paper suggested the main research directions of the site selection from five aspects: (1) regional geological evolution and engineering geological problems, (2) active fault and engineering safety risk, (3) complex in-situ stress field and engineering disaster risk, (4) engineering risk of regional geological disaster chain, and (5) theory and method of site selection in eastern Himalayan syntaxis. This paper provides ideas for improving the risk assessment and prevention methods of site selection of engineering projects.

【Background and objective】 Precision irrigation and fertilization not only improve crop yield and quality but also reduce the environmental footprint of agriculture. How to control precise irrigation and fertilization at large scales is a key to achieving this goal. The objective of this paper is to propose such a methodology. 【Method】 The method is based on a multi-channel water and fertilizer integration device. It consists of seven parts: an industrial aluminum profile frame, a main pipeline system, a fertilizer suction system, a fertilizer mixing system, a detection system, a control system, and a fertilization system. Based on the PSO optimized Fuzzy PID, a Smith control system (Smith PSO-Fuzzy PID) for water and fertilizer application is constructed. Taking EC of the nutrient solution being 2 mS/cm as the control target, the proposed method is compared with the traditional PID, and the fuzzy PID (Fuzzy PID). 【Result】 The steady-state time and the overshoot calculated by the proposed method are 47 s and 4.83%, respectively; the EC of the nutrient solution calculated by the proposed method is in the range of 1.987~2.080 mS/cm, very close to the targeted value. 【Conclusion】 Compared with traditional PID and Fuzzy PID, the proposed method for controlling water and fertilizer application has the advantages of fast response and high precision.

Spiral bevel gears are widely used in many fields. Research on the robust optimization design technology of spiral bevel gears is of great significance for improving the service life of spiral bevel gears and reducing noise in transmission. Thus, the ideas and methods of robust optimization design are introduced; the research done by scholars at home and abroad on the robust optimization design of spiral bevel gears is summarized; combined with the discussion of the influence on the meshing performance of spiral bevel gears and based on the robust optimization design research and analysis of spiral bevel gears, the current problems and shortcomings are summarized, which provide reference for the precise design of our country's aviation spiral bevel gears and the research on vibration and noise reduction.

The fiber optical current transformer (FOCT) has distinguishing advantages of small size,simple insulation,no magnetic saturation. It can be better compatible with modern digital control and protection systems,which has become an important development direction of current transformer. However,the reliability of FOCT in long-term operation is low at preasent,so its popularization and application in digital substations is seriously restricted. In this paper,the fault tree analysis of FOCT is comprehensively carried out from both the circuit and the optical path,and a fault mode analysis system covering the overall structure of FOCT is established. Firstly,the structure and operating principle of FOCT are analyzed,and the fault is divided according to its circuit composition. Secondly,the main fault modes occurring in the long-term operation of FOCT are extracted,and the listed fault modes are investigated one by one. Then,the reliability improvement measures are proposed from the aspects of scheme design,component selection and construction technology. Finally,the fault tree is used to analyze the cause of a light source fault combining with an actual case,and the reliability improvement measures are proposed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The research can provide a theoretical basis for FOCT fault analysis and operation reliability.

Objective: To realize the full automation of shrimp deep processing. Methods: Based on analysis of physical characteristics of northern and southern American shrimps, according to the feature of the center of gravity located between the thickest part of the shrimp body and the tail of the shrimp, an automatic orientation and grading device of shrimp head and tail was designed. Taking the clip angle between directional roller shaft line and horizontal line and the speed of directional roller as testing factors, the directional components were tested. Results: When the directional roller speed was 60 r/min, and the angle between axis line and horizontal line was 15°, the falling speed of shrimp was even and stable with high directional rate, which was benefit for subsequent grading transportation. Conclusion: The device realizes the shrimp head and tail positioning and classification, which is conducive to the full automation of shrimp processing.

This paper briefly analyzed the potential factors of nurse-patient conflicts, and discussed the ways of strengthening the management of emergency nurses and reducing the incidence of nurse-patient conflicts. (本文简要分析护患冲突的影响因素, 探讨医护人员如何通过自我管理降低护患冲突发生率, 构建和谐护患关系。)

Hypergraph, as a generalization of the notions of graph and simplicial complex, has gained a lot of attention in many fields. It is a relatively new mathematical model to describe the high-dimensional structure and geometric shapes of data sets. In this paper,we introduce the neighborhood hypergraph model for graphs and combine the neighborhood hypergraph model with the persistent (embedded) homology of hypergraphs. Given a graph,we can obtain a neighborhood complex introduced by L. Lovász and a filtration of hypergraphs parameterized by aweight function on the power set of the vertex set of the graph. Theweight function can be obtained by the construction fromthe geometric structure of graphs or theweights on the vertices of the graph. We show the persistent theory of such filtrations of hypergraphs. One typical application of the persistent neighborhood hypergraph is to distinguish the planar square structure of cisplatin and transplatin. Another application of persistent neighborhood hypergraph is to describe the structure of small fullerenes such as C20. The bond length and the number of adjacent carbon atoms of a carbon atom can be derived from the persistence diagram. Moreover, our method gives a highly matched stability prediction (with a correlation coefficient 0.9976) of small fullerene molecules.

This current research is about some new optical solitons to the time-fractional integrable generalized (2+1)-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) system with novel truncated M-fractional derivative. The obtained results may be used in the description of the model in fruitful way. The novel derivative operator is applied to study the aforementioned model. The achieved results are in the form of dark, bright, and combo optical solitons. The achieved solutions are also verified by using the MATHEMATICA software. The obtained solutions are explained with different plots. Modified integration methods, Expa{{\rm{Exp}}}_{a} function, extended (G′∕G)\left(G^{\prime} /G)-expansion, and extended sinh-Gordon equation expansion method are applied to achieve the results. These exact solitons suggest that these methods are effective, straight forward, and reliable compared to other methods.

Pulsed magnetic field treatment, as a novel, quick and environmentally friendly post-processing approach can directly modify the coated tools without causing damage. This study examined the wear performance of the TiAlSiN-coated cemented carbide block specimens treated by the pulsed magnetic fields in both dry friction and cutting fluid friction. The findings show that TiAlSiN coating block specimens subjected to pulsed magnetic fields exhibit better wear resistance in both friction conditions. The wear rate of the coating decreases by 21.49% in a dry friction environment, and the friction process becomes more stable while the wear width of the coating decreases by 4.60% in the cutting fluid friction environment. In addition, the nano-indentation tests show that the hardness and elastic modulus of the coating increases by 6.58% and 5.64%, and the coating binding force increases by 15.27% after the treatment.

In this study, we performed electric pulse treatment (EPT) on the cold-deformed 316L stainless steel. The effects of EPT on the temperature rise characteristics, tensile properties and microstructure of cold-deformed 316L SS were investigated. The results show that changes in current density have a significant effect on the surface temperature and tensile properties. Compared with the UT samples, at a current density of 44 A/mm2, the elongation after fracture reached a peak of 39.8% (the enhancement rate is 14.4%), while the ultimate tensile strength of all the EPTed samples shows no significant change. Interestingly, although the sample experienced an increase in temperature during the EPT process, the phase composition and grain structure remained unchanged significantly. This implies that the improvement in the ductility of the samples may be attributed to the reduction of micropores. The present research provides new light to the enhancement of ductility of cold-deformed 316L stainless steel.

The shield tunnel is typically simplified as an infinite beam with two free ends in existing analytical models, which are used to calculate the longitudinal deformation of the underlying shield tunnel induced by the excavation of a foundation pit. However, the applicability of those analytical models is limited due to the simplification. The current study is aimed at estimating analytically the longitudinal deformation of the underlying shield tunnel induced by the excavation of a foundation pit adjacent to the station (working shaft). The constraint on the shield tunnel generated by the joint between the station (working shaft) and the tunnel is treated as a rotation spring with the rotation stiffness of K and a vertical rod support. The Winkler foundation–Timoshenko beam model for calculating the longitudinal deformation of the shield tunnel adjacent to the station (working shaft) induced by the foundation pit excavation is proposed. The finite difference solution of the proposed model is strictly derived based on the basic principles of the force method. The reliability and applicability of the proposed analytical model are verified via the comparison with the finite element numerical solution of one-dimensional elastic foundation beam model and the global finite element simulation results of the longitudinal deformation of the underlying tunnel induced by the excavation of a foundation pit adjacent to the station. The parametric studies indicate the following conclusions. (i) The longitudinal deformation and internal forces of the shield tunnel are significantly influenced by the rotation stiffness, K, of the joint between the station (working shaft) and the tunnel. The internal forces and the longitudinal deformation (i.e. rotation angle) at the end of the tunnel increase and decreases nonlinearly with a increasing K, respectively. In addition, when the flexible connection is adopted at the joint between the station (working well) and tunnel, the working performance of the shield tunnel at the joint can be better guaranteed. (ii) The constraint effect of the joint on the end of the tunnel is non-negligible, when the distance from the center of the foundation pit to the station-tunnel joint ranges from 4 to 5 times the width of the pit along the tunnel axis. In this condition, the proposed analytical model should be adopted to evaluate the longitudinal working performance of the tunnel. (iii) The influence of the overlying foundation pit excavation on the underlying tunnel mainly exerts within 2 times the length of the pit perpendicular to the tunnel axis away from the center of the pit.

Metasurfaces have attracted broad interest thanks to their unprecedented capacity for electromagnetic wavefront manipulation. The compact, ultrathin and multifunctional metasurface calls for novel design principles. Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a non-interleaved and non-segmented bidirectional Janus metasurface that encodes multiple functionalities in full-space scattering channels with different propagation directions and polarization in the microwave region. Specifically, by rotating and adjusting the elementary double-arrow-shaped structure within the same meta-atom, the independent phase control can be achieved in both cross-polarized transmission and co-polarized reflection components under oppositely directed incident waves. Our metasurface with broken mirror symmetry can fully exploit four independent information channels under opposite propagation directions. A series of proof-of-concept is constructed to validity of our methodology, and the simulations and experimental results further show that the proposed non-interleaved bidirectional metasurface can provide an attractive platform for various applications, ranging from structured light conversion, optical imaging, multifunctional optical information processing and others.

Objective: To explore the protective effects and mechanism of Zuogui Jiangtang Jieyu Formula (左归降糖解郁方, ZGJTJYF) on hippocampal neurons in rats of diabetes complicated with depression (DD) via the TRP/KYN metabolic pathway. Methods: (i) In vivo experiments: 60 specified pathogen free (SPF) grade male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into six groups with 10 rats in each groups: control, DD model, positive (1.8 mg/kg fluoxetine + 0.18 g/kg metformin), high-dose ZGJTJYF (ZGJTJYF-H, 40.500 g/kg ZGJTJYF), middle-dose ZGJTJYF (ZGJTJYF-M, 20.250 g/kg ZGJTJYF), and low-dose ZGJTJYF (ZGJTJYF-L, 10.125 g/kg ZGJTJYF) groups. Except for the control group, other groups were established DD model by high-fat emulsion intake with single tail vein streptozotocin (STZ) and four weeks of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). All drug administration groups were treated by gavage during CUMS modeling, and the control and model groups were given equal amount of distilled water. After four weeks, the serum levels of blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin were measured to determine the hypoglycemic effect of ZGJTJYF. Moreover, the open field test and Morris water maze test were performed to evaluate the antidepressant effect of ZGJTJYF. Changes in 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) level were detected via high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-ECD); the levels of tryptophan (TRP), kynurenine (KYN), and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) in the hippocampus were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); the protein expression levels of synaptophysin (SYN) and postsynaptic density material-95 (PSD-95) were detected via immunohistochemistry (IHC); and the protein expression levels of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NR) 2A and NR2B were detected using Western blot. (ii) In vitro experiments: five SPF grade SD pregnant rats (E16 – 18) were used to obtain primary hippocampal neurons (Ne), six SD new-born rats were used to collected primary astrocytes (As) and microglia (MG), and to establish a Ne-As-MG co-culture system. All co-culture systems were divided into six groups: control (PBS), model [150 mmol/L glucose + 200 μmol/L corticosterone (G&P) + PBS], blank (G&P + blank serum), positive (G&P + positive drug-containing serum), ZGJTJYF (G&P + ZGJTJYF serum), and 1-methyl-D-tryptophan (1-MT, IDO inhibitor) (G&P + 1-MT) groups. After 18 h of intervention by corresponding treatment, immunofluorescence was used to analyze the protein expression levels of SYN, PSD-95, NR2A, and NR2B; ELISA was performed to measure the levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α , and TRP/KYN metabolic pathway-related factors [TRP, KYN, kynurenine acid (KYNA), quinolinic acid (QUIN)]. Results: (i) In vivo experimental results showed that ZGJTJYF-M and ZGJTJYF-L significantly improved the elevated blood glucose state of DD rats (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively); ZGJTJYF-H, ZGJTJYF-M, and ZGJTJYF-L increased their autonomous activity, learning, and memory ability (P < 0.01, P < 0.01, and P < 0.05, respectively). Moreover, the levels of 5-HT and TRP were significantly increased (P < 0.01), and the levels of KYN and IDO were significantly decreased in the hippocampus (P < 0.01) of rats after ZGJTJYF-M treatment. The protein expression levels of SYN and PSD-95 were significantly upregulated in hippocampal neurons (P < 0.01), while the abnormal activation of NR2A and NR2B was markedly inhibited in hippocampus (P < 0.05) of rats after ZGJTJYF-M treatment. (ii) In vitro experimental results showed that ZGJTJYF-containing serum significantly increased the protein expression levels of SYN and PSD-95 in hippocampal neurons (P < 0.01), decreased the levels of IL-1β (P < 0.01), IL-6 (P < 0.05), TNF-α (P < 0.01), IDO (P < 0.05), KYN (P < 0.05), and QUIN (P < 0.01), and increased the levels of TRP and KYNA (P < 0.01) in the simulated DD state. ZGJTJYF also had an significantly inhibitory effect on the abnormal activation of NR2A and NR2B in neurons (P < 0.05) in a stimulated DD state. Conclusion: ZGJTJYF can effectively improve 5-HT deficiency in the hippocampus of rats by inhibiting IDO expression and regulating the TRP/KYN metabolic pathway, and it has a favorable protective effect on hippocampal neuron injury caused by DD. Therefore, ZGJTJYF is an effective potential therapeutic drug for the prevention and treatment of DD.

Fly ash (FA) and slag could improve the performance of glazed hollow bead (GHB) thermal insulation mortar, but little research touched on how the FA and slag affect its performance and optimize its component contents. In this study, an experimental and statistical investigation is conducted to analyze the influences of FA and slag variables on the performance of GHB mortar based on the response surface methodology (RSM). The predicted model was proved statistically significant in terms of the fluidity, compressive strength, flexural strength, and thermal conductivity. Then, the validated model was used to identify the critical parameters and discuss their mechanisms of action. It can be found that (i) FA plays a significant role in fluidity and compressive and flexural strength owing to its morphological and physical filler effects; (ii) slag has an obvious influence on compressive strength and thermal conductivity due to its microaggregate effect. Finally, optimization design was conducted using the desirability approach of RSM to give the optimal component of 20.73% FA and 21.49% slag. The predicted combination was validated by confirmatory tests within an error of 1.52%. This study provides a feasible and effective solution for optimizing GHB thermal insulation mortar to achieve higher performance.

Ｉn view of the ambiguity of various factors affecting the uncertainty of coal mine fires, the set pair analysis method is introduced into the mine fire risk assessment, and a four-element connection number model based on set pair analysis is established. We establish 2 levels of 11 evaluation indicators from three aspects: internal fire, external fire, fire management and disaster relief system, and use the analytic hierarchy process to determine the weights of indicators at all levels. We use this evaluation model to evaluate the fire risk of a certain mine in Suzhou. The results show that the four-element connection number evaluation model based on set pair analysis has the advantages of simple operation and overcoming the difficulty of quantifying the fuzzy factors in the system. It can not only analyze the current safety situation, but also can make reasonable predictions of risk trends.