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［Objective］Advancing urban rail transit four networks (mainline railways, intercity railways, suburban railways, and urban rail transit) integration is an urgent need for China to promote new urbanization with metropolitan areas as the main spatial carrier. Therefore, it is necessary to study the key issues in planning for the integration of four networks. ［Method］Based on the technological and economic attributes of urban rail transit and the core objectives of network integration, the concept of four-network integration planning is proposed. The scope of the integration planning is defined from the dimension of urban rail transit on the basis of a systematic metropolitan area scope sorting. The primary forms of four-network integration are clarified according to the functional means and passenger flow characteristics of various levels of urban rail transit. The basic methods and technical points for four-network integration are presented at three levels: network, line, and node, with practical case studies. ［Result & Conclusion］The planning for the four-network integration is a scientifically sound implementation arrangement aligned with the stages of urban and transport development. The scope of four-network integration planning typically covers contiguous developed areas within metropolitan regions, with core areas of mutual connectivity and permeability generally within a 30 to 40 km radius spatial coverage from metropolitan area central city. The main forms of four-network integration are complementary integration and compensatory integration. Regarding the integration techniques, the network levels focus on functionalities, the line levels emphasize corridors, and the node levels target hubs.

Abstract Objectives This article starts with increasing emotions through cognitive reappraisal and explores the impact of state gratitude emotions on interpersonal trust among college students under cognitive reappraisal. Method In study 1, we used a questionnaire survey and experimental design to collect data, which we processed/analyzed using SPSS 23.0. We employed, the Rotter Interpersonal Trust Scale (ITS), as adapted by Xu Huiyan, consisting of 25 items, to measure the interpersonal trust levels among college students and to explore the potentially significant differences in interpersonal trust levels among the students based on their demographic variables, including gender. We collected 347 survey questionnaires, with 143 from males and 204 from females, with a mean age of 20.93 (SD = 2.703). In study 2, we utilized a univariate inter-subject experimental design, with the independent variable being the state gratitude emotion (awakened vs. not awakened) under cognitive reappraisal, and the dependent variable was the level of interpersonal trust. Thirty participants participated in the pre-experiment, followed by 119 participants in the formal experiment to assess the impact of state gratitude emotion on interpersonal trust among college students, using motivation reappraisal strategy (t = − 4.028, p

Abstract In mining, the roof structure of a working face with a large mining height in a shallow‐buried coal seam is prone to cutting instability in front of the support, which causes support crushing and coal‐wall spalling. This study analyzes 2201 working faces with large mining heights in the Haiwan No. 3 Mine by investigating the mechanical response law of coal walls under the transient excitation of roof structure instability. A mechanical model of coal walls under dynamic and static load coupling is established, revealing the formation mechanism of coal wall spalling and its main influencing factors. Prevention and control technologies of advanced grooving and pressure relief are proposed, and grooving parameters are determined. The results show that: During the mining process of large mining height working face in shallow buried coal seam, the step change of static response of coal wall is induced by the transient instability of roof structure, and the high abutment pressure is formed on the coal wall. At the same time, the strain energy and gravitational potential energy of roof cutting instability are released to form a dynamic load. Under the action of dynamic and static load, the plastic failure dissipation power of the coal wall is greater than the critical power, and the coal wall spalling occurs. The main influencing factors are mining load, mining height, and internal friction angle of the coal wall. The method of advanced grooving pressure relief can change the roof structure and coal force mechanism, by cutting off the connection between the coal wall and immediate roof, reducing the height of the coal wall force, effectively controlling the position of the roof cut off break line, reducing the static load effect of the roof on the coal, and transferring the position of the dynamic load response to the depth of the coal wall. When the grooving height‐depth ratio k is 0.75, the peak value of the abutment pressure moves 5.57 m to the front of the working face, and the pressure relief effect is the best. The above research results provide an effective active protection method for controlling coal wall spalling in fully mechanised working face with large mining height.

Introduction Petersen’s hernia is a rare and serious complication that can occur after radical gastrectomy and digestive tract reconstruction for gastric cancer. This article summarises the symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of Petersen’s hernia after surgery for gastric cancer. Patients and Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 11 male patients who were diagnosed with Petersen’s hernia and underwent surgical treatment at our hospital from January 2020 to December 2022. Their clinical manifestations, perioperative conditions and follow-up after treatment were collected. Results The median age was 58.5 years (range: 45–73), and the median time since gastrectomy was 24 months (range: 4–125). Open distal gastrectomy (45.5%) and open total gastrectomy (27.3%) were the most common procedures. Roux-en-Y (81.8%) was the predominant anastomosis method. All patients underwent emergency surgery within a median time of 30 h (range: 4–45). Intestine necrosis occurred in 36.4% of cases, with a perioperative death rate of 27.3%. Conclusion Petersen’s hernia after gastric cancer surgery can quickly lead to necrotising intestinal obstruction and poor prognosis. Enhanced abdominal computed tomography should be performed as soon as possible, and early exploratory laparotomy should be done to avoid intestinal necrosis. Routine closure of the mesenteric defect after gastric cancer resection can prevent the occurrence of Petersen’s hernia. This article highlights the need for increased awareness and preventive measures to minimise the occurrence of Petersen’s hernia in gastric cancer patients. It emphasises the importance of early detection and appropriate management strategies for improved patient outcomes.

Grain surface movement monitoring is an important part of the daily inventory inspection of national grain reserves, and is a new requirement for grain storage supervision. In order to solve the technical problems of the traditional grain surface movement monitoring, this paper proposed a laser radar-based grain surface movement monitoring method. A full-size experimental platform that can simulate the real grain pile state was established, and a high-precision laser three-dimensional measurement device was utilized to design an algorithm to identify the abnormal movement of the grain surface of the bulk grain pile based on the laser scanning point cloud data and the information of entering and exiting the warehouse operation. The algorithm was examined and verified through the experimental platform. The results showed that: the method can directly obtain high-precision coordinate information of the grain pile surface, which overcome the problem of insufficient data accuracy of image recognition technology. The constructed algorithm of grain surface motion discrimination based on the coordinate information of the grain pile shape and the data of entry and exit operation status was capable of realizing reliable quantitative computatio. The proposed method was applied to the actual grain warehouse scenario, which verified the feasibility and validity of the method, and it was able to satisfy the dynamic grain inventory supervision needs. The proposed method was applied to the actual grain silo scenario to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the method, which can meet the demand of grain stock dynamics supervision and provide a new technology for online monitoring and early warning of grain surface variation.

Dexamethasone intravitreal implant(Ozurdex)is approved for the treatment of macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion, diabetic retinopathy, and non-infectious uveitis. It has also been reported to treat macular edema after intraocular surgery and macular edema secondary to other inflammation-related ocular fundus diseases. With the widespread application of dexamethasone intravitreal implant, uncommon complications such as migration of dexamethasone intravitreal implant into the anterior chamber are gradually receiving attention. Anterior chamber migration of dexamethasone intravitreal implant usually occurs in the eyes with an incomplete complex of suspensory ligament and lens capsule or after vitrectomy. After dexamethasone intravitreal implant migrates into the anterior chamber, it tends to sink to a lower angle, resembling hypopyon, causing vision impairment and eye pain, accompanied by corneal edema and intraocular hypertension. If corneal edema occurs, dexamethasone intravitreal implant should be repositioned or removed as soon as possible to reduce the risk of corneal endothelial decompensation. Miosis and avoiding predispositions, such as lying prone, jumping, or long flights, can prevent dexamethasone intravitreal implant from migrating into the anterior chamber. In this paper, the recent advances in anterior chamber migration of dexamethasone intravitreal implant are reviewed to provide a reference for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.

In order to solve the problem of poor mirror polishing effect of steel used in plastic die， the polishing efficiency of die steel is improved by optimizing smelting process. The results showed that the mirror effect was closely related to the purity of steel. From the electric arc furnace burden structure， deoxidization system， LF refining furnace argon blowing control， high vacuum degree cycle of VD vacuum furnace and mold casting process optimization， more comprehensive improvement measures were taken， that is， increasing the use of DRI， using silicon predeoxygenation， optimizing the argon blowing control of steel ladle bottom and improving the high vacuum cycle of VD.The effective size of inclusions decreased from 27.93 μm to 23.65 μm before optimization. The number density of inclusions decreased from 256 / cm2 to 176 / cm2， and the number density of inclusions decreased by 31.2%. The total amount of B and DS and TiN inclusions was controlled， and the customer satisfaction of polishing performance was recognized.

It is expected that fusion energy development, which is at a critical stage of breaking through energy break-even in the engineering sense, has the potential to reshape the future pattern of energy development with both opportunities and challenges. This study reviews the main progress of fusion energy research and summarizes the major challenges regarding energy balance, tritium selfsustainability, high availability, development of irradiation-resistant materials, and economical efficiency in general sense. On the basis of sorting out the common basic technology breakthroughs of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) program and the supporting research activities of its member states, the study summarizes the progress of China’s magnetic confinement fusion research in terms of overall planning, self-developed projects, and technical tracking. Furthermore, focusing on the Z-pinch-driven fusion-fission hybrid reactor (Z-FFR) concept, which is independently proposed by China, this study elaborates on the basic principles, application advantages, and series of progresses, and proposes a development plan toward commercial energy supply by 2040, covering the task objectives in the stages of key technology campaign, engineering demonstration, and promotion of commercial power generation. To comprehensively promote China’s fusion energy development, several suggestions are given. In the magnetic confinement fusion area, it is suggest that China deeply participate in the ITER program and relevant international cooperation, overcome key physics and engineering technologies of commercial fusion reactors, promote the research and development of key components of China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor (CFETR) device, and construct and operate CFETR in due course. In the Z-FFR area, it is of first priority to start the construction of electromagnetic-driven large-scale scientific devices the soonest possible, develop key technologies for fusion energy, and promote both engineering demonstrations and commercial projects in proper time.

Total body irradiation (TBI) is a technique that irradiates the entire body of the patient. It serves as a conditioning regimen prior to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for hematological diseases. Its primary functions include killing residual tumor cells, immunosuppression, and creating space in the bone marrow for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Currently, the main methods of implementing TBI include extended distance fixed field irradiation, volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT-TBI), and segmented irradiation. In this paper, based on our clinical experience, we review the technical characteristics and relevant research progress of these three methods.

In hypertrophic scars, the differentiation and migration of fibroblasts are influenced by the extracellular matrix microenvironment, which includes factors such as stiffness, restraint, and tensile force. These mechanical stresses incite alterations in cell behavior, accompanied by cytoskeletal protein reorganization. However, the role of nucleo-skeletal proteins in this context remains underexplored. In this study, we use a polyacrylamide hydrogel (PAA) to simulate the mechanical stress experienced by cells in scar tissue and investigate the impact of Emerin on cell behavior. We utilize atomic force microscopy (AFM) and RNA interference technology to analyze cell differentiation, migration, and stiffness. Our findings reveal that rigid substrates and cellular restriction elevate Emerin expression and diminish differentiation. Conversely, reducing Emerin expression leads to attenuated cell differentiation, where stiffness and constraining factors exert no notable influence. Furthermore, a softening of cells and an enhanced migration rate are also markedly observed. These observations indicate that variations in nuclear skeletal proteins, prompted by diverse matrix microenvironments, play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of hypertrophic scars (HSs). This research offers novel insights and a reference point for understanding scar fibrosis formation mechanisms and preventing fibrosis.

Objective To achieve reliable control of traction and braking key systems in trains while suppressing the impact of communication delay on train control, a discrete RBF (radial basis function) adaptive robust sliding mode control (abbreviated as ARSMC) method is proposed for critical network systems in high-speed trains. Method The traction and braking network systems in high-speed trains are introduced. An ARSMC method considering fractional delay terms is designed, and its stability is analyzed. The proposed discrete RBF ARSMC method is jointly simulated and analyzed using configuration software on a testing platform. Result & Conclusion The delay in discrete systems is divided into integer and fractional terms. By fully considering the fractional delay terms, the sliding mode traction and braking force with delay compensation under discrete approximate law is derived. The unknown nonlinear function in which is accurately approximated using an RBF neural network with adaptive adjustment characteristics. To suppress strong disturbances encountered during train operation, the sliding mode traction and braking force based on disturbance observer is integrated into the model to enhance its disturbance rejection performance. The proposed discrete RBF ARSMC method demonstrates superior stability and responsiveness compared to other control methods, exhibiting more ideal delay compensation effect and robust performance.

Abstract Automatic detection of tomato leaf spot disease is essential for control and loss reduction. Traditional algorithms face challenges such as large amount of data, multiple training and heavy computation. In this study, a lightweight shared Siamese neural network method was proposed for tomato leaf disease identification, which is suitable for resource‐limited environments. Experiments on Plant‐Village, Taiwan and Taiwan ++ datasets show that the accuracy fluctuates very little even when trained with only 60% of the data, which confirms the effectiveness of the proposed method in the small data environment. In addition, compared with the mainstream algorithms, it improves the accuracy by up to 35.3%on Plant‐Village and two Taiwan datasets respectively. The experimental results also show that the proposed method still performs well when the data is imbalanced and the sample size is small.

Study region: The three headwaters of Tarim river, south of the Xinjiang Province, China. Study focus: Temporal runoff concentration variations are crucial for water resources utilization and management, particularly in arid regions. In this study, the runoff concentration in the Tarim River Basin is studied based on analysis of the trend, abrupt changes, and periodicity, identifying key extreme climate indices influencing the Gini-runoff coefficient and predicting its future changes under three Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs). New hydrological insights for the region: From 1962–2020, the Gini-runoff coefficient decreased by 8.3 %, while annual runoff increased by 14.2 %. This is attributed to temperature changes, escalating hydrological risk uncertainty. The anomaly of low geopotential high fields and Central Asian anticyclones have caused an increase in total cloud cover (TCC) and precipitation, and a decrease in the Daily Temperature Range (DTR). Increasing of Warm nights (TN90), Maximum Tmax (TXx), and Hot nights (TR) have enhanced the warm-season runoff. However, the climatic impact on warm-season runoff is less pronounced than that in the cold season, which led to the runoff concentration decline. Changes in hydro-junction regulation led to decrease of Gini-runoff coefficient by 12.11 % from 2001 to 2020 along the Hotan river. Under the three SSP scenarios, the average Gini-runoff coefficient for the Aksu and Hotan rivers are expected to decrease by 3.3 % and 2.6 %, respectively.

ObjectiveTo analyze the main causes and sources of contamination， the continuous monitoring of Burkholderia gladioli contamination in the whole process of fresh wet rice noodles production and sales was monitored.MethodsThree rice noodle production enterprises were selected and all raw materials， semi-finished products， finished products and environmental samples were collected according to the process. Strain identification and cluster analysis were performed according to GB 4789.29—2020 combined with VITEK 2 COMPACT biochemical detection， PCR， and MALDI-TOF MS techniques. The bongkrekic acid in food samples， environmental samples， the enrichment fluid and venom were detected by LC-MS/MS.ResultsBurkholderia gladioli was separated and identified in 22 food samples with a detection rate of 31.9% （22/69）. After toxigenic culture， 10 strains produced bongkrekic acid. Among 67 environmental samples， only one Burkholderia gladioli toxic strain was isolated from the inner surface sample of the rice slurry pipeline. The samples with the top three detection rate were 71.4% （10/14） of rice， 66.7% （2/3） of soaked rice and 50% （6/12） of selling products. According to the regional distribution of positive samples， the raw material storage area accounted for 43.5% （10/23）， sales place for 26.1% （6/23），raw material processing area for 21.7% （5/23）， finished product packing area for 8.7% （2/23）， and no positive samples were detected in hot-cure molding area. The cluster analysis showed that positive strain from the rice slurry pipeline were highly homologous to the strains from the same batch of rice slurry.ConclusionRice may be the source of contamination in fresh wet rice noodles products enterprises. Open packaging and room temperature storage and transportation of products may be important reasons for cross-contamination， reproduction and toxicogenesis of Burkholderia gladioli. The raw materials should be separated from other production workshops to prevent the secondary pollution of the finished products. The cleaning and disinfection of the production and sales sites should be strengthened to effectively prevent and control the risk of Burkholderia gladioli contamination.

Objective To screen the risk factors of hydrocephalus after decompressive craniectomy in patients with cerebral hernia after traumatic brain injury (TBI), and construct a Bayesian network model based on the risk factors. Methods A total of 77 patients with cerebral hernia after TBI who underwent decompressive craniotomy in Nanjing Tongren Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University from March 2020 to January 2022 were included. They were divided into hydrocephalus group (n = 25) and non - hydrocephalus group (n = 52) according to whether hydrocephalus was complicated after surgery. The risk factors of hydrocephalus after decompressive craniectomy in patients with cerebral hernia after TBI were analyzed by univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses. The Bayesian network model was constructed based on the risk factors, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and calibration curve were drawn and Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test was conducted. Results In hydrocephalus group, the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score at admission (t = 2.178, P = 0.032), the ratio of cerebrospinal fluid replacement after lumbar puncture (χ2 = 8.675, P = 0.003), and the level of β2 -microglobulin after operation (t = 11.146, P = 0.000) were lower than those in non-hydrocephalus group, while subarachnoid hemorrhage (χ2 = 5.901, P = 0.015), bilateral operation (χ2 = 6.441, P = 0.011), the ratio of dural unstitched during operation (χ2 = 9.759, P = 0.002), postoperative intraventricular hemorrhage (χ2 = 8.938, P = 0.003), postoperative midline displacement > 10 mm (χ2 = 7.589, P = 0.006), and intracranial infection (χ2 = 4.519, P = 0.034), as well as postoperative coma time (t = 2.709, P = 0.008) were higher than those in non - hydrocephalus group. Logistic regression analysis showed that subarachnoid hemorrhage (OR = 1.885, 95%CI: 1.432-2.240; P = 0.012), dural unstitched during operation (OR = 1.468, 95%CI: 1.215-1.930; P = 0.006), long postoperative coma time (OR = 1.574, 95%CI: 1.358-1.926; P = 0.007), postoperative intraventricular hemorrhage (OR = 1.550, 95%CI: 1.254-1.768; P = 0.010), the level of β2- microglobulin increased after operation (OR = 1.622, 95%CI: 1.165-1.840; P = 0.004) were risk factors for hydrocephalus after decompressive craniectomy in patients with cerebral hernia after TBI. Based on these 5 factors, the Bayesian network model was constructed, and the area under ROC curve was 0.886 (95%CI: 0.823-0.925, P = 0.000). The calibration curve showed that there was a good consistency between the predicted probability and the actual probability, while the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test showed no significant difference (χ2 = 8.760, P = 0.232), which indicated that the model had good discrimination, calibration and accuracy. Conclusions Subarachnoid hemorrhage, dural unstitched during operation, long postoperative coma time, postoperative intra ventricular hemorrhage, and elevated β2 - microglobulin level are the risk factors for hydrocephalus after decompressive craniectomy in patients with cerebral hernia after TBI.

In response to the problems of missing image details and poor fitting effect in multiple fractures or areas with large fracture spacing in existing machine vision based coal flow detection methods for belt conveyors, a high-precision coal flow detection system for belt conveyors based on machine vision is proposed. It is based on the principle of direct beam oblique collection laser triangulation. The line laser emitter is arranged directly above the measurement position of the belt conveyor and vertically irradiates the coal pile. The coal pile moves uniformly with the belt conveyor, and a camera at an oblique angle is used to capture real-time images of the surface of the coal pile containing laser stripes. The method calibrates the coal flow detection system, including camera internal parameter calibration and laser plane calibration, to obtain the height information of the coal pile. The processing of laser stripe images on coal flow cross-sections is carried out. The gray center of gravity method and regional skeleton method are compared and analyzed from multiple perspectives such as extraction precision and algorithm real-time performance. Based on the comparison results, the regional skeleton method is selected to extract the center of laser stripes. Aiming at the problem of poor fitting effect of laser stripe fracture repair using image dilation operation, the least squares method is proposed as the laser stripe fracture repair algorithm. Compared with closed operations, the least squares method has better smoothing effect and higher precision in fitting processing. The method establishes a coal flow cross-sectional area calculation model. By calculating the cross-sectional area of the coal pile at each frame, the coal flow volume at different belt speeds can be obtained. The experimental results show that when the belt speeds are 0.25, 0.5, and 1 m/s respectively, the detection system errors are relatively small, with maximum errors of 2.78%, 3.61%, and 3.89%. It verifies that the coal flow detection system has high accuracy.

Abstract Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT) is the gold standard of imaging the eye in clinics. Penetration depth with such devices is, however, limited and visualization of the choroid, which is essential for diagnosing chorioretinal disease, remains limited. Whereas swept-source OCT (SSOCT) devices allow for visualization of the choroid these instruments are expensive and availability in praxis is limited. We present an artificial intelligence (AI)-based solution to enhance the visualization of the choroid in OCT scans and allow for quantitative measurements of choroidal metrics using generative deep learning (DL). Synthetically enhanced SDOCT B-scans with improved choroidal visibility were generated, leveraging matching images to learn deep anatomical features during the training. Using a single-center tertiary eye care institution cohort comprising a total of 362 SDOCT-SSOCT paired subjects, we trained our model with 150,784 images from 410 healthy, 192 glaucoma, and 133 diabetic retinopathy eyes. An independent external test dataset of 37,376 images from 146 eyes was deployed to assess the authenticity and quality of the synthetically enhanced SDOCT images. Experts’ ability to differentiate real versus synthetic images was poor (47.5% accuracy). Measurements of choroidal thickness, area, volume, and vascularity index, from the reference SSOCT and synthetically enhanced SDOCT, showed high Pearson’s correlations of 0.97 [95% CI: 0.96–0.98], 0.97 [0.95–0.98], 0.95 [0.92–0.98], and 0.87 [0.83–0.91], with intra-class correlation values of 0.99 [0.98–0.99], 0.98 [0.98–0.99], and 0.95 [0.96–0.98], 0.93 [0.91–0.95], respectively. Thus, our DL generative model successfully generated realistic enhanced SDOCT data that is indistinguishable from SSOCT images providing improved visualization of the choroid. This technology enabled accurate measurements of choroidal metrics previously limited by the imaging depth constraints of SDOCT. The findings open new possibilities for utilizing affordable SDOCT devices in studying the choroid in both healthy and pathological conditions.

Open-pit mines, characterized by complicated environmental conditions and unstructured roads, pose challenges for the path planning of mine trucks, marked by inefficiency due to long-distance search and the need to adhere to the left-hand traffic rules common in mining settings. This paper introduces an optimization algorithm for adaptive dual-layer search path planning based on the left-hand traffic rules in mining areas, aiming to improve the navigation performance of mine trucks within these areas while ensuring the path safety and the real-time planning. The upper-layer search, employing the rapidly-exploring random tree (RRT) algorithm and accommodating the environmental characteristics of mining areas, features adaptive adjustments of search step sizes, achieving efficient searches with larger step sizes in open areas, while detailed searches with smaller step sizes in narrow or winding areas. Moreover, the search process is further optimized by setting range constraints for left-hand driving, to prevent potential vehicle conflicts and facilitate rapid convergence of path search. The lower-layer search incorporates a hybrid A* algorithm, effectively narrowing search space and enhancing the real-time nature of path planning through a reward and penalty mechanism for path selection. Furthermore, Reeds-Shepp (RS) curve and an improved cubic spline curve are applied to smooth the resultant path, not only optimizing path curvature but also ensuring that the mine truck reaches the target location in an optimal posture. Further optimization through the gradient descent method enables the efficient generation of safe and smooth paths. Experimental results showed a 14.8% reduction in path generation time and a 0.011 m-1 decrease in path curvature, demonstrating a significant enhancement in the navigation efficiency and safety during autonomous truck driving in mining areas.

The global prevalence of myopia is increasing year by year, leading to many ocular health issues and social problems. In recent years, it has been confirmed that peripheral defocus is closely related to the occurrence and development of myopia. Alteration of the state of peripheral defocus can significantly influence the progression of myopia and emmetropization, but the exact mechanisms are still unclear. At present, there is no method that can completely control myopia. Nowadays, the main controlling methods, including orthokeratology lens, peripheral defocus lens and multi-focal soft lens, have been confirmed to be closely related to peripheral defocus. In this paper, we will review and summarize the development and effect of these peripheral defocus relating control methods. In addition, the researches on the related mechanisms of peripheral retinal defocus and myopia prevention and control at home and abroad are reviewed, as well as the potential mechanisms of peripheral defocus, with a view to further improving the controlling effects of existing methods, developing new prevention and control methods and reducing the incidence and progression of myopia.

Precipitation and incoming water are the key contributing factors to local flooding events, and analyzing the intra-annual distribution and change characteristics of precipitation and incoming water will be beneficial to the understanding of flooding contributing factors in this region. In this paper, the characteristics of intra-annual distribution of precipitation and incoming water and the synchronization of their changes in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River Basin (LYRB) from 1980 to 2020 are studied using the concentration degree and concentration period as quantitative indicators. The results are as follows: 1) the maximum precipitation occurs earlier in the year, while maximum incoming water occurs with little variation in timing but significant variation in total volume; 2) the concentration degree of both precipitation and incoming water show a slowly decreasing trend. The concentration period of precipitation is slightly advanced, and that of incoming water is significantly delayed; 3) the occurrence time and concentration period of the incoming water peak during 2010–2020 lagged behind that of precipitation, which played a role in suppressing the occurrence of floods in the LYRB. This study can provide a scientific basis for the future supply and demand of water resources in the LYRB for safe use.

C39H30N9O6Eu, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 31.579(6) Å, b = 10.0462(19) Å, c = 27.325(5) Å, β = 121.891(2)°, V = 7360(2) Å3, Z = 8, R gt(F) = 0.0295, wR ref(F 2) = 0.0835, T = 298 K [1–3].

C23H25FN2O, triclinic, P1‾ $P\overline{1}$ (no. 2), a = 6.5011(2) Å, b = 11.2794(4) Å, c = 14.0796(6) Å, α = 110.246(4)°, β = 97.236(3)°, γ = 98.335(2)°, V = 941.01(6) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt (F) = 0.0476, wRref (F 2) = 0.1366, T = 293 K.

In practical applications of coal mine personnel positioning systems, there are problems of insufficient equipment computing power and storage resources. The problems result in preventing the use of complex ranging and positioning algorithms, inadequate real-time transmission and response performance of positioning data, and significant human and material resource losses in system deployment. In order to solve the above problems, a new underground personnel positioning system based on 5G+UWB and inertial navigation technology is proposed. The system deploys UWB positioning base stations with low energy consumption and strong anti-interference capability at the end. The positioning base station is connected to the 5G base station in a cascaded manner. The positioning base station collects UWB and inertial navigation data, and uses the 5G network to transmit it back to the computing platform. The positioning information is solved and stored on the computing platform. The inertial navigation based personnel position estimation is used as the predicted value. The UWB based trilateral positioning algorithm is used to obtain personnel position estimation as the observed value. The Kalman filter is used to fuse the predicted and observed values to reduce positioning errors. The testing system is built at the main experimental base of the coal mine, simulating the real underground environment of the coal mine, and conducting comparative experiments. The results show the following points. ①In the x-axis direction and the y-axis direction, the coincidence degree between the position information obtained by the Kalman filter algorithm of the fusion inertial navigation and the real position information is the highest, indicating that the position information obtained by the Kalman filter algorithm of the fusion inertial navigation is closest to the real position, and the average error is 22.192 cm. ② The position information of the underground personnel positioning system combined with 5G + UWB and inertial navigation technology has the highest coincidence degree with the real position information, and the error is [15 cm, 20 cm], with a maximum average error of 26 cm on the x-axis and 24 cm on the y-axis, exceeding the precision of most current underground personnel positioning systems.

Lanthanum chloride and sodium p-aminosalicylate were used as raw materials to synthesize a new environmental-friendly accelerator lanthanum p-aminosalicylate (PAS-La) by precipitation method. The product was characterized and its mole-cular formula was determined to be La(C7H6NO3)3·H2O by elemental, thermal and infrared spectral analysis. The effects of PAS-La on the vulcanization characteristics, crosslinking density and mechanical pro-perties of natural rubber were investigated using rotorless vulcanzation apparatus, equilibrium swelling method and universal testing machine, and the vulcanization kinetics were analyzed. The results showed that with the increase of PAS-La amount, there was a maximum value of positive vulcanization time of natural rubber, and the scorch time firstly decreased and then increased. The crosslinking density of vulcanized rubber increased, and the mecha-nical properties were significantly enhanced. When PAS-La was added at amount of 1.2 phr (by mass), its vulcanization promotion effect on natural rubber was optimal. Kinetic calculations revealed that the reactivity of the crosslinked precursors was enhanced with the increase of PAS-La amount, and the activation energy decreased first and then increased.

A coal gangue detection method in coal preparation plant based on YOLOv5s-FSW model is proposed to address the problems of insufficient feature extraction, large parameter quantity, low detection precision, and poor real-time performance in existing coal gangue detection models. This model is improved on the basis of YOLOv5s. Firstly, the C3 module in the Backbone section is replaced with a FasterNet Block structure, which improves detection speed by reducing the number of model parameters and computation. Secondly, in the Neck section, a parameter free SimAM attention mechanism is introduced to enhance the model's attention to important targets in complex environments, further improving the model's feature extraction capability. Finally, in the Prediction layer, the CIoU bounding box loss function is replaced with Wise-IoU, and the model focuses on ordinary quality anchor boxes to improve convergence speed and bounding box detection precision. The results of the ablation experiment indicate that compared with the YOLOv5s model, The mean average precision (mAP) of the YOLOv5s-FSW model has been improved by 1.9%, the model weight has been reduced by 0.6 MiB, the number of parameters has been reduced by 4.7%, and the detection speed has been improved by 19.3%. The comparative experimental results show that the YOLOv5s-FSW model has a mAP of 95.8%, which is 1.1%, 1.5%, and 1.2% higher compared to the YOLOv5s-CBC, YOLOv5s-ASA, and YOLOv5s-SDE models, respectively, and compared to YOLOv5m, YOLOv6s improved by 0.3%, 0.6% respectively. The detection speed of the YOLOv5s-FSW reaches 36.4 frames per second, which is 28.2% and 20.5% higher than the YOLOv5s-CBC and YOLOv5s-ASA models, respectively. Compared to YOLOv5m, YOLOv6s and YOLOv7, the detection speed of the YOLOv5s-FSW has increased by 16.3%, 15.2%, and 45.0%, respectively. The visualization experiment results of the thermal map show that the YOLOv5s-FSW model is more sensitive to the target feature areas of coal gangue and has higher attention. The detection experiment results show that in complex scenes with dim environments, blurred images, and mutual occlusion of targets, the YOLOv5s-FSW model has a higher confidence score for coal gangue target detection than the YOLOv5s model, and effectively avoids the occurrence of false positives and missed detection.

The concept of convexity plays an important role in the study of economics and consumer theory. For the most part, such studies have been conducted on the assumption that consumer preferences are a binary relation that is complete, reflexive and transitive on the set X of consumption choices. However, each consumer is a biological being with multidimensional physiological needs so that possible consumptions from different dimensions cannot be compared by using preferences. By removing that unrealistic assumption, this paper examines how the various concepts of convex preferences and relevant properties can be re-established. We derive a series of 10 formal propositions and construct 6 examples to show that (a) a weighted combination of two possible consumptions is not necessarily comparable with any of the consumptions; (b) not every convergent sequence of a consumer’s preferred consumptions asymptotically preserves that consumer’s preference preordering; (c) not all preferences satisfy either positive multiplicativity or additive conservation; (d) three types of preference convexities – weak convexity, convexity and strong convexity – can all be introduced into general convex spaces. This paper concludes with some research topics of expected significance for future works.

Abstract Glaucoma is a slowly progressing optic neuropathy that may eventually lead to blindness. To help patients receive customized treatment, predicting how quickly the disease will progress is important. Structural assessment using optical coherence tomography (OCT) can be used to visualize glaucomatous optic nerve and retinal damage, while functional visual field (VF) tests can be used to measure the extent of vision loss. However, VF testing is patient-dependent and highly inconsistent, making it difficult to track glaucoma progression. In this work, we developed a multimodal deep learning model comprising a convolutional neural network (CNN) and a long short-term memory (LSTM) network, for glaucoma progression prediction. We used OCT images, VF values, demographic and clinical data of 86 glaucoma patients with five visits over 12 months. The proposed method was used to predict VF changes 12 months after the first visit by combining past multimodal inputs with synthesized future images generated using generative adversarial network (GAN). The patients were classified into two classes based on their VF mean deviation (MD) decline: slow progressors ( 3 dB). We showed that our generative model-based novel approach can achieve the best AUC of 0.83 for predicting the progression 6 months earlier. Further, the use of synthetic future images enabled the model to accurately predict the vision loss even earlier (9 months earlier) with an AUC of 0.81, compared to using only structural (AUC = 0.68) or only functional measures (AUC = 0.72). This study provides valuable insights into the potential of using synthetic follow-up OCT images for early detection of glaucoma progression.

Through flexible configuration of warship formation, the Aegis Warship Formation achieves interception and defense of targets in different attack directions. Based on the warship coordinate system and target coordinate system, the detection and interception zone models of Aegis warship formation are constructed. The functional simulation models of guidance radar and SM-3 interceptor are integrated to propose a dynamic simulation modeling method for anti-missile defense of warship formations. The detection directional coefficient and killing directional coefficient are defined, which are used to quantitatively evaluate the directional characteristics of the formation anti-missile defense. The simulations are conducted with a typical case of two-ship Aegis formation, and useful conclusions are obtained. The results can provide support for battlefield offensive and defensive situation assessment.

Under the context of dual carbon strategic development goal, the petroleum and petrochemical industry is confronting with rigorous challenge from carbon reduction. Especially for the oil & gas exploration with large energy consumption in China, it is of practical importance to study the relation of the development of oil & gas exploitation with carbon emissions and its influencing factors.Herein, a combination of Kaya identity and generalized divisia index method(GDIM) was adopted to decompose various driving factors affecting carbon emissions in the oil & gas exploration industry. Then, the Tapio decoupling index model was established to analyze the decoupling effect of key factors influencing carbon emissions. Besides, the new model was used to analyze the carbon emissions in the oil & gas exploration industry in Xinjiang from 2010 to 2020. On this basis, it is concluded that the investment scale, output scale and energy consumption scale of China's oil and gas exploitation industry are highly positively correlated with carbon emissions, with respective contribution of 61.24%, 20.79% and 17.97% to the emissions. Meanwhile, the investment carbon intensity and output carbon intensity have a strong inhibitory effect on carbon emissions of oil & gas exploitation system, with respective contribution of -58.95% and -20.89% to carbon emission reduction. Moreover, the carbon emissions show the decoupling effect from the investment scale and output scale in most years, but it is still an expansionary negative decoupling at present. Under the new strategy pursuing for energy security, the oil & gas industry is seeking for the increase in reserves and production. Hence, the emphasis on innovation, energy saving and consumption reduction,the optimization of energy consumption structure and the integration of oil & gas and new energy are the most realistic and effective ways to achieve carbon emission reduction in the industry.

To make up for the shortcomings of the traditional teaching mode, such as teacher-centered, less interaction, limited output, and inability to meet students’ personalized learning needs, the author proposes a mathematical model for college English interactive distance teaching. Based on the social culture theory and the interactive theory of distance teaching, and based on analyzing the education and teaching functions of WeChat, this paper constructs an interactive college English mixed teaching model based on WeChat and conducts teaching practice research on this model. The model emphasizes learner-centered, creates an interactive learning environment for language acquisition, and reasonably allocates learning activities and learning processes. The experimental research shows that 95.79% of the students believe that the mixed teaching mode of college English based on the WeChat platform is conducive to their English learning and that this mixed teaching mode can improve their English teaching motivation, and 94.94% of the students say that the mixed English mode is satisfactory. Conclusion: The practice has proved that the mathematical model for college English interactive distance teaching can make up for the shortcomings of the traditional teaching model, such as teacher-centered, less interaction, limited output, and unable to meet students’ personalized learning needs.

In this work, normal manufacture of a B-bearing steel was hampered by cracks in steel. In order to control these cracks, the formation mechanism has been examined through a comprehensive analysis of crack morphology, element segregation, high temperature mechanical properties, and precipitates. The high-temperature thermoplastic capabilities of the steel were found to be reduced by boron nitride particles precipitated at grain boundary. This led to the formation of a brittle zone in the straightening zone of the continuous casting process, which in turn caused cracks. Based on the formation mechanism of these cracks, the cracks were successfully controlled by adding an appropriate amount of Ti element to the steel and reducing the charging temperature of the heating furnace.

Exploring the evolutionary process of the concept of science and technology in modern Chinese society is conducive to the innovation of the current path of science education popularization and scientific and technological literacy enhancement. In this paper, we construct a sampling selection algorithm using Bayesian and MCMC and then design a parameter derivation model. Assuming the model prior distribution hyperparameters and using the likelihood function to derive the specific form of the posterior probability distribution, an approximate integral calculation is carried out in order to directly derive the parameters to be estimated, and the BVAR-MCMC model is constructed. Using the model to analyze the temporal changes in the evolution of scientific and technological concepts in modern China, it is finally found that the changes in social and technological concepts during the Republican period were even stronger than those in the late Qing period. Influenced by the increasing scale of cross-cultural exchanges due to the gradual opening up of the gateway, cross-cultural open exchanges have the highest impulse value and the longest duration on the evolution of scientific and technological concepts, with the impulse of the Late Qing and the Republic of China phases above 1, and the duration of the positive influence covers the whole time series. The impulse values of the late Qing and the Republic of China are 2.68 and 3.59, respectively, and the education popularization rate, economic development level, the speed of technological life progress, and the degree of civilization and freedom of the social atmosphere have different degrees of influence on the evolution of scientific and technological concepts in the time series of modern history. This study innovates the statistical research method for modern history and conducts a pioneering exploratory study on the evolutionary process of modern social ideas change.

During the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, the development of communication technology was closely correlated with societal progress. The social turmoil in the late Qing and early Republican periods, the social situation of “internal and external problems,” and the trend of “coming in” and “going out” of technological exchanges contributed to the introduction of modern communication technology, newspapers and magazines, and the establishment of the telegraph and the telephone. This led to the introduction of modern communication technology, represented by the telegraph and telephone, as well as the rise and establishment of newspapers and magazines. The national telegraph and the May Fourth Movement further enhanced the influence of the telegraph and communication technology on social development. The study analyzes the sources of funds, the number of subscribers, the number of telephone offices, the mileage of lines, the development of governmental telegraphs in each province, and the development of telegraphs in each country. It explores the development trend of communication technology in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, taking into account the interactions between the social conditions of the late Qing Dynasty and the development of telegraphs. Based on the monthly revenue of the telephone bureau, the Beijing Telephone Bureau’s installation fee in 1909 was approximately 1,799 yuan, with the telephone fee and the Electricity Bureau’s appropriation primarily financing its construction. Towards the end of the Qing Dynasty, the Beijing Telephone Bureau extended its telegraph lines and increased the number of users. By 1911, the telegraph lines’ mileage had reached about 99,979 miles, indicating a relatively rapid development. However, the telegraph business remained significantly behind that of other countries.

ObjectiveThis study evaluated the effect of the systemic immune-inflammation index/albumin ratio (SII/ALB) on the prognosis of immunotherapy-treated patients receiving opioids.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted of 185 immunotherapy-treated patients who received opioids at Xuzhou Central Hospital from 01/09/2021 to 01/09/2023. The results of related clinical data were collected during the week before the cancer patients received immunotherapy. The SII/ALB cut-off value was determined, and the relationship between the SII/ALB and clinical pathological parameters was analyzed using the chi-square test. The effect of the SII/ALB on progression-free survival (PFS) was examined using Kaplan-Meier curves and the Cox proportional hazard model.ResultThe SII/ALB cut-off value was 20.86, and patients were divided into low (SII/ALB ≤ 20.86) and high (SII/ALB > 20.86) SII/ALB groups. Adverse reactions (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.108; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.061-0.192, P < 0.001) and the SII/ALB (HR = 0.093; 95% CI: 0.057-0.151, P < 0.001) were independent prognostic factors for PFS. Compared with the high SII/ALB group, the low SII/ALB group had longer PFS after opioid treatment (12.2 vs. 5.2 months, P < 0.001).ConclusionThe SII/ALB is a potentially important prognostic parameter in immunotherapy-treated patients receiving opioids.

C20H18ClF4N3O, orthorhombic, Pbca (no. 61), a = 12.5254(4) Å, b = 12.6845(5) Å, c = 24.1490(11) Å, V = 3836.8(3) Å3, Z = 8, Rgt(F) = 0.0485, wRref(F2) = 0.1343, T = 293 K.

C24H15NO2S2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 20.8250(11) Å, b = 5.3649(3) Å, c = 18.8787(11) Å, β = 106.278(2)°, V = 2024.7(2) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0439, wRref(F2) = 0.1015, T = 273 K.

C20H18ClF4N3O, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 9.6123(7) Å, b = 11.8692(7) Å, c = 16.9510(12) Å, β = 104.798(7)∘, V = 1869.8(2) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0444, wRref(F2) = 0.1043, T = 293 K.

In this paper, the overall development of electromagnetic heating food technology and even electromagnetic cooking technology was analyzed from multiple perspectives by means of literature date summary, and questionnaire survey analysis. This paper focused on the main components and functions, technical elements, core technical indicators and research hotspots of electromagnetic heating food equipment, and the current overall research situation of electromagnetic cooking food technology was also summarized and analyzed. For the commercial electromagnetic cooker products, this paper summarized and analyzed the market application situation and main use problems of electromagnetic cooker based on the questionnaire survey analysis method. Finally, based on the current situation of increasingly prominent problems of electromagnetic cooking products, the future development suggestion of standardizing market order and improving technology foresight was pointed out.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of immersion frozen storage （IFS） on quality of the unwashed silver carp surimi. Methods: The surimi samples were immersed into liquid coolant non-contacted and stored at (-20±2) ℃ for 60 days, and changes in the Ca2+-ATPase activity, carbonyl content, thiobarbituric acid value （TBA）, as well as the strength, water holding capacity and structure of surimi gel during frozen storage were analyzed, using the traditional frozen storage （TFS） as a control. Results: The results were showed that surimi in IFS group passed through the maximum ice crystal formation zone in 10 min, which was much faster than that of surimi with TFS group （78 min）. The temperature fluctuation range during the whole storage period in IFS and TFS group was 0.72 ℃ and 1.43 ℃, respectively. With prolongation of frozen storage time, the Ca2+-ATPase activity, gel strength and water holding capacity of all samples gradually decreased, while protein carbonyl content and TBA value of all samples gradually increased, and the surimi gel network structure was gradually destroyed. However, changes of all the above indicators for IFS group were distinctly smaller than those for TFS group. Condusion: IFS could effectively alleviate the deterioration of surimi quality during storage, and was a potential low-temperature cold chain technique for food processing and preservation.

With the rapid development of the copper-based composite in the field of electrical contact material industry, the problem of poor arc erosion resistance of the copper-based material becomes more and more prominent. Improving the arc erosion resistance of the copper-based composite is an urgent problem to be solved. Cu-Al2O3/30Mo/3SiC and 0.5Y2O3/Cu-Al2O3/30Mo/3SiC electrical contact composites were prepared in a fast-hot-pressing sintering furnace. The microstructure and phase structure of the composites were analyzed by using a scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, and X-ray diffraction meter, respectively. The arc erosion properties of the composites at 25 V, DC and 10-30 A were investigated by using a JF04C electric contact tester. The mass loss of the composites was reduced by 77.8%, and the arc erosion rate was reduced by 79.6% after the addition of nano-yttrium oxide under the experimental conditions of 25 V, DC and 30 A. At the same time, the arc energy and welding force of the composite after switching operations decreased, indicating that the addition of nano-yttria improved the arc erosion resistance of the composite. This work provides a new method for improving the arc erosion resistance of the copper-based composite contact material.

Objective To analyze the current situation of prevention and control of military training injuries in a plateau army, and propose protective and therapeutic measures from the perspective of sport rehabilitation. Methods A total of 248 grassroots officers and soldiers from a unit stationed in a plateau were enrolled as the research subjects. Then our self-made questionnaire, Questionnaire on the Prevention and Treatment of Training Injuries among Special Populations in the Plateau, which was developed based on Manual on the Prevention and Treatment of Military Training Injuries, was used to conduct a survey. The results were analyzed with logistic regression analysis. Results Univariate analysis showed that time of military service (P=0.002), age (P=0.021), and frequency of training (P=0.032) were risk factors, while learning on preventing and controlling military training injuries (P=0.047) was protective factor for training injuries. Multivariate analysis indicated that time of military service (P=0.002) and frequency of training (P=0.035) were risk factors, and learning on prevention and control knowledge (P=0.035) was protective factor for training injuries. Among them, 133 (53.6%) experienced military training injuries, and 83(46.6%) were mainly treated with medication after injury. Physical training was the training subject that led to the most training injuries, accounting for 51.1% (68 participants), closed soft tissue injury was the most common type (73 participants, 54.9%); injury degree was mainly mild (87 participants, 65.4%). The injury site was mostly in the lumbar region, with a total of 78participants (27%). Conclusion The incidence of military training injuries in a plateau army is significantly higher than other findings, with mild closed soft tissue injuries and lumbar region most common. The risk factors for training injuries are time of military service, age and training frequency, and participation in military training injury prevention and control study is conducive to reducing the occurrence of training injuries.

The average density of particulate grain pile is an important parameter for real-time online measurement of grain stock quantity. In order to solve the problem of calculating the average density of particulate grain pile in the inventory of grain processing enterprises, a calculation method for the average density of particulate grain pile in silos was proposed based on the comparison and analysis of the existing methods. Besides, a complete process of grain filling and discharging o f a rice silo was selected to verify the measurement accuracy and practicability of the method. The results shows the method meet the requirements of use. This method is simple, practical, and accurate. In addition, the method overcomes the shortcomings of the existing correction coefficient method and provides technical means for dynamic inventory count in grain processing enterprises.

In order to improve the information and intelligent technology level of the national policy grain inventory, the portable grain inventory measurement equipment was developed by comprehensive application of modern technologies such as photoelectric detection, integrated circuit, software development, and mathematical modeling. On the basis of functional requirement analysis, the overall technical route of equipment research and development is formulated. The key problems and solutions such as high-precision measuring equipment and integrated control program, adaptive grain pile volume measurement scheme and algorithm and management software are focused. The application of equipment is briefly introduced. The equipment is advanced in technology, easy to carry, rich in functions and easy to operate. It provides a new measuring technology for the national grain clearance check.

Dynamic monitoring technology of grain inventory quantity has become a new technical demand of grain storage management. On the basis of the current situation of static monitoring technology of grain stock quantity, the difficulties of dynamic monitoring technology were analyzed and put forward. This paper mainly introduced the research progress and application of dynamic inventory quantity monitoring in the development of three-dimensional measuring device, data acquisition and fusion technology of multi- measuring stations of super large grain piles, high precision volume algorithm of irregular grain piles, average density evaluation method of complex heterogeneous grain piles, integrated management software platform and so on. The measurement error of the developed dynamic monitoring system for grain inventory quantity was less than 2%, which meet the application requirements. This new technology provides the technical support for the information management and digital transformation development of grain storage business.

Abstract Background This study introduces a novel retrograde precision shaping elastic stable intramedullary nailing (ESIN-RPS) technique and reports clinical outcomes in pediatric distal radius metaphyseal diaphysis junction (DRMDJ) fracture. Methods Data about DRMDJs were collected from February 1, 2020, to April 31, 2022 at two hospitals, retrospectively. All patients were treated with closed reduction and ESIN-RPS fixation. The operation time, blood loss, fluoroscopy times, alignment, and residual angulation on X-ray were recorded. At the last follow-up, the function of wrist and forearm rotation were evaluated. Results Totally, 23 patients were recruited. The mean time of follow-up was 11 months and the minimum was 6 months. The mean operation time was 52 min, and the mean fluoroscopies pulses were 6 times. The postoperative anterioposterior (AP) alignment was 93 ± 4% and the lateral alignment was 95 ± 3%. The postoperative AP angulation was (4 ± 1)°, and the lateral angulation was (3 ± 1)°. At the last follow-up, the evaluation of the Gartland and Werley demerit criteria of wrist revealed 22 excellent cases and 1 good case. The forearm rotation and thumb dorsiflexion functions were not limited. Conclusion The ESIN-RPS is a novel, safe, and effective method for the treatment of pediatric DRMDJ fracture.

After more than thirty years of rapid development, China has made great social and economic progress; however, this has inevitably damaged the ecological environment. The ecological environment is the foundation of human survival and development. With the development of social economy and the improvement of living standards, the demand for a better ecological and living environment is increasing. Therefore, ecological restoration of territorial spaces of mountains, rivers, forests, farmlands, and lakes, providing a good ecological and living environment for the people, and building a beautiful China has become necessary to promote the harmonious coexistence of humans and nature while achieving modernization. In terms of theory and method, ecological restoration of territorial space is a new discipline. In recent years, many scholars have proposed various theories, technologies, and methods of ecological restoration from the perspectives of traditional ecology, geography, planning, and other disciplines. Ecological restoration practices are supported by national policies and promoted by the people's needs, and numerous ecological restoration projects have been carried out across the country in recent years. These include the practice, verification, and exploration of ecological restoration theories. However, because these projects are scattered across different departments, provinces, cities, or regions, they are difficult to summarize and evaluate uniformly. Under the guidance of the Guangdong Provincial Department of Natural Resources, two rounds of selection of ecological restoration examples were conducted in Guangdong in 2019 and 2021, wherein the ecological restoration projects carried out by different cities and departments in Guangdong Province in recent years were reviewed and evaluated. Based on the analysis and evaluation of nearly 100 types of ecological restoration projects conducted in the two rounds of selection, this study aims to identify the problems, summarize experiences, and put forward suggestions. The purpose of this study is to provide references for future ecological restoration projects and promote comprehensive and sustainable ecological restoration in China (especially in Guangdong Province). The main domestic and foreign ecological restoration literature were reviewed and their theoretical framework, concerns, and technical methods were analyzed. Subsequently, we analyzed the regional distribution, type coverage, funds used, and other aspects of the selected cases, and evaluated multi-dimensional indicators, such as the improvement of ecological environment quality, optimization of landscape function, increase of economic benefits, and the strengthening of social benefits. Some typical problems were analyzed in greater detail by comparing the advanced ideas and methods both domestically and internationally. Our study also improves public knowledge and raises awareness of ecological restoration. The present study analyzed and summarized the available data regarding, and disclosed the issues associated with, the ecological protection and restoration measures in the Guangdong Province. These include the presence of unrestored regions selected for environmental conservation and restoration, the disorganized geographical distribution of projects, the failure to incorporate engineering approaches during the implementation of restoration measures, overexploitation, and the transformation of restoration-designated regions into landscape projects. These activities have not only failed to achieve ecological restoration, but have also destroyed the original environment and its ecology. The following reasons could be attributed to the failure of the existing restoration measures: firstly, a lack of authentic scientific principles that could be systematically applied to the varied ecosystems; secondly, inefficient overall planning at the provincial level; and finally, a lack of technical and scientific methods to perform in-depth analysis to combine, relate, coordinate, and integrate multiple factors. This study aims to serve as a reference for future ecological restoration projects by providing suggestions regarding overall planning at the provincial, city, and county levels to improve overall project management and ensure the sustainable and smooth operation of the ecological restoration projects.

Abstract At present, commercial geothermal power stations are mainly high‐temperature and medium‐temperature geothermal energy, while the large number of low‐temperature geothermal energy resources are rarely used for power generation applications. This paper proposes a new model for energy conversion in low‐temperature geothermal power systems. The basic structure and working principle of this new model are analysed, in detail, a low‐temperature geothermal model and a Stirling engine model for geothermal energy conversion are established, and the control strategies on the rotor and stator sides of the Stirling‐driven doubly‐fed generator are discussed. Finally, the simulation analysis is carried out, and its results show that the thermal conversion efficiency of Stirling’s engine can reach 38%, the output AC voltage of the power generation system reaches the set value 50Hz, 190V, and the DC bus voltage is constant at 300V, which verified the validity of the proposed power generation model and related control strategies. This system expands the range of available heat sources in geothermal power generation, makes geothermal power generation more flexible in terms of site selection, power generation capacity and control, and provides a new idea for geothermal power generation structure.

The S-box based on LUT is widely used in the reconfigurable block cipher. It is not efficient in area for the expended resources. In this paper, the Hierarchy LUT architecture based on 4R/1W memory unit is proposed to compose the reconfigurable S-box. The 4R/1W can reduce the numbers of the storage unit in the reconfigurable S-box. The proposed Hierarchy LUT is applicable for different sets of ciphers and it is implemented under 40 nm CMOS technology to compare with similar work. The comparison result shows that the proposed Hierarchy LUT gains 6.88% to 51.76% resource efficiency improvement.

Interface is a key factor affecting the comprehensive performance of magnesium matrix composites, and how to carry out interfacial modulation has been a hot research topic in magnesium matrix composites. Focusing on three types of interface structures of magnesium matrix composites (coherent, semi-coherent and incoherent) and two key issues (interfacial wettability and interfacial reaction) affecting the interface properties, the research progress of interface optimization schemes was reviewed in this paper and the guidelines for the design and regulation of interfacial structures to achieve good interfacial bonding were proposed: good wettability and slight interfacial reaction. In view of the improvement of interface properties of magnesium matrix composites, the addition of rare earth elements can be considered in the future to purify the interface and improve wettability. The matrix and reinforcement are selected according to engineering needs to obtain composite materials with excellent performance in certain aspects. New reinforcement surface coatings will be developed to fully enhance the capabilities of interfacial bonding. First-principles and other computational simulation methods will be used to deeply explore the relationship between interface structure and interface performance.