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1. Experimental and empirical evidence shows that reducing weed control in winter cereal fields is a viable strategy for farmers

Author: Vincent Bretagnolle, Sabrina Gaba, Rui Catarino, Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), INRA - CEBC, LTSER Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sèvre, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé [France] (USC 1339 INRA), LTSER «Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sevre» [France], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), French National Research Agency within the ANR AGROBIOSPHERE 'AGROBIOSE' program [AGRO-2013-001], INRA 'Environment & Agronomy' department within the ESTRA-2 project, CESAB-FRB Disco-Weed Working Group, CNRSCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), INRAInstitut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Catarino, Rui
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Winter cereal, Agrochemical, Cost-Benefit Analysis, lcsh:Medicine, Agricultural engineering, Gross margin, nitrogen, 0302 clinical medicine, Economics, Biomass, lcsh:Science, grain, intensification, media_common, agriculture, 2. Zero hunger, Multidisciplinary, Farmers, Geography, Intensive farming, Weed control, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, France, Seasons, Algorithms, management, Crops, Agricultural, Weed Control, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, media_common.cataloged_instance, Production (economics), pesticides, efficiency, yield, European union, Fertilizers, business.industry, Herbicides, lcsh:R, 15. Life on land, 030104 developmental biology, 13. Climate action, Agriculture, lcsh:Q, business, Edible Grain, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Agroecology
Abstract: Modern agriculture needs a paradigm shift to make the world’s food production sustainable while mitigating social and environmental externalities. Although various policies to limit the use of agrochemicals have recently been implemented in the European Union, the use of both herbicides and fertilizers has remained fairly constant. Farmers are assumed to behave optimally, producing the best they can, given the agronomic constraints of their fields. Based on this assumption, reducing agrochemicals should inevitably have negative effects on food production, or reduce farmers’ incomes. Coupling empirical analysis based on field surveys and experimental trials where weed management and nitrogen input were manipulated in the same production fields and under real farming conditions, we demonstrate that high use of N fertiliser or intense weed control slightly increase yields, but that this increase is not enough to offset the additional costs incurred by their use. Our experimental design allowed inputs to be varied in a two-factor design, along a gradient spanning from organic to highly intensive farming, while holding all other conditions constant and thus avoiding confounding effects. Quantification of crop yields and gross margins from winter cereal farming showed that reducing dependence on weed management may not hamper cereal production in this system, and is economically profitable at the field level on the short term. Our study thus contributes to addressing a key gap in our economic knowledge, and gives hope for implementing win-win strategies for farmers and the environment.
Published: 2019
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2. Increasing crop heterogeneity enhances multitrophic diversity across agricultural regions

Author: Teja Tscharntke, Lluís Brotons, Annika L. Hass, Laura Henckel, Carole Vuillot, Audrey Alignier, Gérard Balent, Vincent Bretagnolle, François Calatayud, Yann Clough, Aliette Bosem Baillod, David Giralt, Paul Miguet, Antonio Ricarte, Cyrille Violle, Péter Batáry, Scott Mitchell, Nicolas Gross, Romain Georges, Clélia Sirami, Gaëtan Lefebvre, Jordi Bosch, Annie Ouin, Bertrand Gauffre, Colette Bertrand, Samuel Hilaire, Jacques Baudry, Lenore Fahrig, Romain Carrié, Jude Girard, Gavin M. Siriwardena, Aude Vialatte, Jesús Miñano, Irene Robleño, Jean-Louis Martin, Assu Gil-Tena, Isabelle Badenhausser, Raphaël Mathevet, Jordi Recasens, Jose Antonio Barrientos, Kathryn Lindsay, Gerard Bota, Françoise Burel, Annick Gibon, M. A. Marcos-García, Lutz Tischendorf, Brigitte Poulin, Xavier O. Solé-Senan, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Dynamiques Forestières dans l'Espace Rural (DYNAFOR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Unité Mixte de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial - UMR (UREP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Universidad Rey Juan Carlos [Madrid] (URJC), University of Göttingen - Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Biodiversité agroécologie et aménagement du paysage (UMR BAGAP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Ecole supérieure d'Agricultures d'Angers (ESA), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Lund University [Lund], LTSER «Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sevre» [France], Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité de recherche Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles (PSH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la COnservation (CESCO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Carleton University, Centre de Ciència i Tecnologia Forestal de Catalunya (CTFC), Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé [France] (USC 1339 INRA), Institut de recherche de la Tour du Valat, Joint Research Unit CTFC – AGROTECNIO, Solsona, Spain, Universitat de Lleida, Centre for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications (CREAF), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Universidad de Alicante, Universidad de Murcia, British Trust for Ornithology (BTO), Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Department of Biology, Carleton University (Carleton University), WC1034, Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, ERC-StG-2014-639706-CONSTRAINTS, H2020 European Research Council, FP7-609398, Agreenskills, JCI-2012-12089, Juan de la Cierva, ANR-11-EBID-0004,FarmLand,European Network on Farmland Heterogeneity, Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services(2011), Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Alicante. Centro Iberoamericano de la Biodiversidad, Biodiversidad y Biotecnología aplicadas a la Biología de la Conservación, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LTSER Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sèvre, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, ANR-11-EBID-0004, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, ANR: European Network on Farmland Heterogeneity, Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services,FARMLAND,ANR-11-EBID0004, Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Ecole supérieure d'Agricultures d'Angers (ESA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), and Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)
Subjects: Crops, Agricultural, 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Multitaxa, Biodiversity, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystem services, Birds, Crop, crop mosaic, Animals, Humans, Zoología, farmland landscape complementation, Agricultural productivity, Ecosystem, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Crop mosaic, biodiversity, 2. Zero hunger, Multidisciplinary, business.industry, Ecology, Breeding, genetics and propagation, Agriculture, Spiders, Vegetation, Biological Sciences, Bees, 15. Life on land, Landscape complementation, Europe, Farmland, Taxon, Geography, Crop diversity, 13. Climate action, North America, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Biodiversity and ecosystem services, multitaxa, business, Butterflies
Abstract: Agricultural landscape homogenization has detrimental effects on biodiversity and key ecosystem services. Increasing agricultural landscape heterogeneity by increasing seminatural cover can help to mitigate biodiversity loss. However, the amount of seminatural cover is generally low and difficult to increase in many intensively managed agricultural landscapes. We hypothesized that increasing the heterogeneity of the crop mosaic itself (hereafter “crop heterogeneity”) can also have positive effects on biodiversity. In 8 contrasting regions of Europe and North America, we selected 435 landscapes along independent gradients of crop diversity and mean field size. Within each landscape, we selected 3 sampling sites in 1, 2, or 3 crop types. We sampled 7 taxa (plants, bees, butterflies, hoverflies, carabids, spiders, and birds) and calculated a synthetic index of multitrophic diversity at the landscape level. Increasing crop heterogeneity was more beneficial for multitrophic diversity than increasing seminatural cover. For instance, the effect of decreasing mean field size from 5 to 2.8 ha was as strong as the effect of increasing seminatural cover from 0.5 to 11%. Decreasing mean field size benefited multitrophic diversity even in the absence of seminatural vegetation between fields. Increasing the number of crop types sampled had a positive effect on landscape-level multitrophic diversity. However, the effect of increasing crop diversity in the landscape surrounding fields sampled depended on the amount of seminatural cover. Our study provides large-scale, multitrophic, cross-regional evidence that increasing crop heterogeneity can be an effective way to increase biodiversity in agricultural landscapes without taking land out of agricultural production. This research was funded by the ERA-Net BiodivERsA, with the national funders French National Research Agency (ANR-11-EBID-0004), German Ministry of Research and Education, German Research Foundation and Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, part of the 2011 BiodivERsA call for research proposals. The UK component of this research was funded by the UK Government Department of the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra), as Project WC1034. The Canadian component of this research was funded by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Strategic Project, the Canada Foundation for Innovation, Environment Canada, and Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. N.G. was supported by the AgreenSkills+ Fellowship programme which has received funding from the EU’s Seventh Framework Programme under Grant Agreement FP7-609398 (AgreenSkills+ contract). A.G.-T. (Juan de la Cierva Fellow, JCI-2012-12089) was funded by Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (Spain). C. Violle was supported by the European Research Council Starting Grant Project “Ecophysiological and biophysical constraints on domestication of crop plants” (Grant ERC-StG-2014-639706-CONSTRAINTS). A.R.’s position at the University of Alicante is funded by the “Vicerrectorado de Investigación y Transferencia de Conocimiento.”
Published: 2019
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3. Changes in habitat selection patterns of the gray partridge Perdix perdix in relation to agricultural landscape dynamics over the past two decades

Author: Harmange, Clément, Bretagnolle, Vincent, Sarasa, Mathieu, Pays, Olivier, Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique (LETG-Angers), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique UMR 6554 (LETG), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), LTSER «Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sevre» [France], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR), BEOPS, Fédération Nationale des Chasseurs (FNC), Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Equipe GECCO LEESA, Université d'Angers (UA), LTSER 'Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sèvre', and Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC)
Subjects: Perdix perdix, agricultural landscapes, habitat quality, gray partridge, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, farmland birds, habitat selection, habitat suitability maps, long‐term trends
Abstract: International audience; 1. Changes in agricultural practices have reshaped agricultural landscapes and triggereda drastic decline in spatial and temporal heterogeneity leading to changes inhabitat quality and food resources for birds. However, the precise relationshipsbetween landscape changes, spatial and temporal heterogeneity, and habitat preferencesin response to those changes remain poorly known.2. We investigated patterns of habitat selection and causes for changes over theyears 1997–2017 for the gray partridge Perdix perdix, an iconic farmland specieswhich has experienced a severe decline since the 1950s. Using a long‐term (1997–2017) dataset collected over 435 km2, we modeled relationships between annualland‐cover maps and partridge sightings over 17 5‐year moving windows, assessingthe effects of landscape metrics, the strength of the relationships, and thedynamics of habitat suitability.3. We detected a shift in gray partridge habitat preferences over time, toward morerisky habitats. Avoidance of predator reservoirs (woodlands and buildings) hasweakened, and selection of human infrastructure, such as roads and tracks, hasincreased. Since 1997, the mean size of suitable patches has also decreased byabout 26%.4. We have interpreted these changes in habitat selection as being the result of decreasinghabitat quality and the increasing prevalence of captive‐reared birds, currentlyreleased in their thousands in the study site.5. Synthesis and applications. The gray partridge has not adjusted well to changes infarming practices, and the low, still decreasing, population density suggests that itis not sustainable, despite local initiatives and the investment in captive‐bird releases.We emphasize that efforts must be redirected toward habitat improvementto restore the density of refuge cover, insects, and seeds in the landscape,hunting management to ensure self‐sustainable populations and massive releasesof high‐quality birds. Only integrated local management, involving hunters, farmers,gamekeepers, and scientists can ensure the recovery of this species.
Published: 2019
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4. The consumption pattern of 28 species of carabid beetles (Carabidae) to a weed seed, Viola arvensis

Author: P Deroulers, V Bretagnolle, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), LTSER «Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sevre» [France], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LTSER Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sèvre, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Agroecosystem, Viola arvensis, Plant Weeds, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Predation, Viola, Animals, Herbivory, Pest Control, Biological, Viola (butterfly), Invertebrate, 2. Zero hunger, biology, Mandible (insect mouthpart), General Medicine, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Weed control, Coleoptera, 010602 entomology, Agronomy, Insect Science, Seeds, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Weed, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract: Seedbank control has been the cornerstone of agricultural management practices. Regulating weeds by using their predators, as a weed control strategy, may be a prerequisite of decreasing herbicide use, and has thus attracted much research investigating the possible contribution of both vertebrates and invertebrates as weed seed predators. Carabid beetles are considered as one of the most important invertebrate seed predators in agroecosystems. We aimed at investigating carabid beetle preferences to a single prey type, seeds ofViola arvensis. We measured the consumption of seeds in 28 species of carabid beetles, under controlled experimental conditions. Two main tribes are identified in tested species,Harpaliniwith 12 species andPterostichiniwith ten species. We found no relationships between species body mass andViola’s seed consumption, nor with the ratio between mandible length and labrum width (ML/LW). However, trends became significant with the ratio ML/LW when restricting these analyses to species that ate at least five seeds. In addition, we detected a positive and significant relationship between consumption rate and occurrence in trapping sessions over the last 3 years. These results are in favor of weed seeds control by carabids. Clear limits of this study are the use of a single seed species and under control conditions. This experimentation calls for additional studies to check for consistencies in consumption against seed species.
Published: 2019
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5. Reconciling biodiversity conservation, food production and farmers’ demand in agricultural landscapes

Author: Michel Loreau, Sabrina Gaba, Claire de Mazancourt, Vincent Bretagnolle, Daniel Montoya, Station d'écologie théorique et expérimentale (SETE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agroécologie [Dijon], Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), LTSER «Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sevre» [France], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Marie-Curie FP7 COFUND People Program, ERANET ECODEAL, ANR-11-IDEX-0002,UNITI,Université Fédérale de Toulouse(2011), ANR-13-AGRO-0001,AGROBIOSE,Biodiversité et services écosystémiques en agro-écosystèmes céréaliers intensifs : utilisation des concepts de l'agro-écologie pour atteindre les objectifs ECOPHYTO 2018(2013), European Project: 666971,H2020,ERC-2014-ADG,BIOSTASES(2015), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR), Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé [France] (USC 1339 INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, LTSER Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sèvre, ANR: Labex TULIP,TULIP,ANR-10-LABX-0041, AgrobioSE ANR-13-AGRO-0001-03,AgrobioSE ANR-13-AGRO-0001-03, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Natural resource economics, Biodiversity, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Article, Ecosystem services, Production (economics), Stakeholder demands, Agroecology, 2. Zero hunger, business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Ecological Modeling, Landscape composition, Stakeholder, 15. Life on land, Habitat, 13. Climate action, Agriculture, Crop pollination, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Food processing, Business, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Trade-Offs
Abstract: International audience; Efficient management of agricultural management should consider multiple services and stakeholders. Yet, it remains unclear how to guarantee ecosystem services for multiple stakeholders' demands, especially considering the observed biodiversity decline following reductions in semi-natural habitat (SNH), and global change. Here, we use an ecosystem service model of intensively-managed agricultural landscapes to derive the best landscape compositions for different stakeholders' demands, and how they vary with stochasticity and the degree of pollination dependence of crops. We analyse three groups of stakeholders assumed to value different ecosystem services most-individual farmers (crop yield per area), agricultural unions (landscape production) and con-servationists (biodiversity). Additionally, we consider a social average scenario that aims at maximizing mul-tifunctionality. Trade-offs among stakeholders' demands strongly depend on the degree of pollination dependence of crops, the strength of environmental and demographic stochasticity, and the relative amount of an ecosystem service demanded by each stakeholder. Intermediate amounts of SNH deliver relatively high levels of the three services (social average). Our analysis further suggests that the current levels of SNH protection lie below these intermediate amounts of SNH in intensively-managed agricultural landscapes. Given the worldwide trends in agriculture and global change, current policies should start to consider factors such as crop type and stochasticity, as they can strongly influence best landscape compositions for different stakeholders. Our results suggest ways of managing landscapes to reconcile several actors' demands and ensure for biodiversity conservation and food production.
Published: 2020
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6. Early stage litter decomposition across biomes

Author: Umberto Morra di Cella, Sean P. Charles, Matteo Gualmini, Naoko Tokuchi, Michael Mirtl, Marta Lobão Lopes, Takeshi Ise, Inmaculada García Quirós, Geovana Carreño-Rocabado, Arne Verstraeten, Joan-Albert Sanchez-Cabeza, Thomas Zechmeister, Jill Thompson, Norbert Hölzel, Maroof Hamid, Rodrigo Lemes Martins, Taiki Mori, José Marcelo Domingues Torezan, Dana Polyanskaya, Peter Haase, Björn Berg, Angela Stanisci, Issaka Senou, Inger Kappel Schmidt, Markus Wagner, Adriano Caliman, Laurel M. Brigham, Alejandro Valdecantos, Céline Meredieu, Kalifa Coulibaly, Margarida Santos-Reis, Georg Wohlfahrt, Regin Rønn, Marcello Tomaselli, Martin Weih, Bernd Ahrends, Kaie Kriiska, Anja Schmidt, Luciana S. Carneiro, Ana I. Lillebø, Alessandro Petraglia, Algirdas Augustaitis, Ana I. Sousa, Sonja Wipf, Chi-Ling Chen, Hassan Bismarck Nacro, Sue J. Milton, Ivan Mihal, Ika Djukic, Florence Maunoury-Danger, Peter Fleischer, Tatsuro Nakaji, Cendrine Mony, Sara Puijalon, Rafael D. Guariento, Rosa Isela Meneses, Mihai Pușcaș, Pablo Luis Peri, Flurin Sutter, Kate Lajtha, Peter B. Reich, Lindsey E. Rustad, María Guadalupe Almazán Torres, Laura Williams, George L. Vourlitis, Evanilde Benedito, Arely N. Palabral-Aguilera, Luis Villar, Stefanie Hoeber, Juan J. Jiménez, Esperança Gacia, Alba Gutiérrez-Girón, Kazuhiko Hoshizaki, Takanori Sato, Eric Lucot, Osvaldo Borges Pinto, Artur Stefanski, Andrew R. Smith, Takuo Hishi, Rosario G. Gavilán, Till Kleinebecker, Julia Seeber, Gina Arena, Marcelo Sternberg, Mo Jiangming, Tsutom Hiura, Satoshi N. Suzuki, Jeyanny Vijayanathan, Christine Delire, Francisco Cuesta, Bill Parker, Mark Frenzel, Franz Zehetner, Vincent Maire, Edward Crawford, Heinke Jäger, Nicolas Lecomte, Tanaka Kenta, Yuji Kominami, Joseph C. Morina, Paige E. Weber, Pavel Dan Turtureanu, Marc Lebouvier, Pascal Vittoz, Jónína Sigríður Þorláksdóttir, Anne Probst, David Fuentes Delgado, Laura Yahdjian, Johan Neirynck, Isaac Ahanamungu Makelele, Bernard Bosman, Fábio Padilha Bolzan, Yury Rozhkov, Ute Hamer, Henning Meesenburg, Vinicius F. Farjalla, Steffen Seitz, Marie-Noëlle Pons, Jess K. Zimmerman, Hans Verbeeck, Thomas Scholten, Elena Preda, Thomas Spiegelberger, Romain Georges, Stefan Löfgren, Ferdinand Kristöfel, Pierre Marmonier, Juha M. Alatalo, Katalin Szlavecz, Ana Carolina Ruiz Fernández, Johannes M. H. Knops, Rita Adrian, Vanessa Mendes Rêgo, Jean-Christophe Lata, Rafaella Canessa, Kathrin Käppeler, Andrea Fischer, Michael Bierbaumer, Jiří Doležal, Hideaki Shibata, Marcus Schaub, Zsolt Toth, Diyaa Radeideh, Matthew A. Vadeboncoeur, Robert Kanka, William H. McDowell, Birgit Sattler, Jean-Luc Probst, Mioko Ataka, Katarína Gerhátová, Jawad Shoqeir, Stefan Stoll, Michael Danger, Sébastien Gogo, Katja Tielbörger, Laryssa Helena Ribeiro Pazianoto, Bo Yang, Franco L. Souza, John Loehr, Francisco de Almeida Lobo, Michael J. Liddell, Sylvie Dousset, Dirk Wundram, Ralf Kiese, Yalin Hu, Miglena Zhiyanski, José-Luis Benito-Alonso, Katie A. Jennings, Tsutomu Enoki, Helena Cristina Serrano, Quentin Ponette, Helge Bruelheide, Simon Drollinger, Vincent Bretagnolle, Ivika Ostonen, Lambiénou Yé, Javier Roales, Philippe Choler, Madison Morley, Charles A. Nock, Grizelle González, Tudor-Mihai Ursu, Maaike Y. Bader, Cristina Branquinho, Hugo López Rosas, Nina V. Filippova, Erzsébet Hornung, Anzar A. Khuroo, Lourdes Morillas, Harald Auge, Andreas Bohner, Florian Kitz, Stephan Glatzel, Aurora Gaxiola, Marijn Bauters, Stefan Trogisch, Guylaine Canut, Oscar Romero, Hélène Verheyden, Yulia Zaika, Veronika Piscová, Michael Scherer-Lorenzen, Valentin H. Klaus, Elena Tropina, Michele Di Musciano, Marie-Andrée Giroux, Florian Hofhansl, Wenjun Zhou, Corinna Rebmann, Thomas J. Mozdzer, Zsolt Kotroczó, Evy Ampoorter, Michal Růžek, Jana Borovská, Jianwu Tang, Petr Petřík, Juan Dario Quinde, Simone Mereu, Esther Lévesque, Olga Ferlian, Veronika Fontana, Joël Merlet, Stacey M. Trevathan-Tackett, André-Jean Francez, Wentao Luo, Héctor Alejandro Bahamonde, Roberto Cazzolla Gatti, Brigitta Erschbamer, Christopher Andrews, Marie-Anne de Graaff, Martin Schädler, Luciano Di Martino, Verena Busch, Elli Groner, Victoria Carbonell, Michinari Matsushita, Maria Glushkova, Sarah Freda, Alain Paquette, Annie Ouin, Robert Weigel, Monique Carnol, Bohdan Juráni, Ian D. Yesilonis, Jean-Paul Theurillat, Hugo L. Rojas Villalobos, Alberto Humber, Martha Apple, Nico Eisenhauer, Claus Beier, Hermann F. Jungkunst, Hiroko Kurokawa, Nadia Barsoum, Thierry Camboulive, Klaus Steenberg Larsen, Frank Berninger, Laura Dienstbach, Yasuhiro Utsumi, Inara Melece, Felipe Varela, Sally Wittlinger, Christian Rixen, Valter Di Cecco, Anderson da Rocha Gripp, Marina Mazón, E. Carol Adair, Hanna Lee, István Fekete, Liesbeth van den Brink, José-Gilberto Cardoso-Mohedano, Ken Green, Heike Feldhaar, Jonathan von Oppen, Michele Carbognani, Lu Xiankai, Christophe Piscart, Fernando T. Maestre, Karibu Fukuzawa, Chiao-Ping Wang, Bart Muys, Lipeng Zhang, Harald Pauli, Inge van Halder, Carmen Eugenia Rodríguez Ortíz, Eduardo Ordóñez-Regil, Priscilla Muriel, Heather D. Alexander, Sebastian Kepfer-Rojas, Victoria Ochoa, Casper T. Christiansen, Mohammed Alsafran, Thaisa Sala Michelan, Christel Baum, Amélie Saillard, Hervé Jactel, Markus Didion, Evgeny A. Davydov, Sabyasachi Dasgupta, Anna Avila, Andrijana Andrić, Kris Verheyen, Jörg Löffler, Gisele Daiane Pinha, Anikó Seres, Jutta Stadler, Milan Barna, Andrey V. Malyshev, Rebecca E. Hewitt, Joh R. Henschel, Peter I. Macreadie, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Dept Forest & Water Management, Lab Forestry, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Centre for Forest Research (CFR), Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria = National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science [Leeds] (ICAS), School of Earth and Environment [Leeds] (SEE), University of Leeds-University of Leeds, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Dynamiques Forestières dans l'Espace Rural (DYNAFOR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, European Forest Institute = Institut Européen de la Forêt = Euroopan metsäinstituutti (EFI), Institute of Information Engineering [Beijing] (IIE), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), University of Rostock, WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department Computational Hydrosystems [UFZ Leipzig], Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Département de chimie-biologie & Centre d’études nordiques [CANADA], Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), Area de Biodiversidad y Conservaciín, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos [Madrid] (URJC), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Institute of Soil Research, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien = University of Natural Resources and Life [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Computational & Applied Vegetation Ecology (CAVElab), Department Community Ecology [UFZ Leipzig], University of Vienna [Vienna], Institut du Développement rural (IDR), Université Polytechnique Nazi Boni Bobo-Dioulasso (UNB), Unité de recherche Comportement et Ecologie de la Faune Sauvage (CEFS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU), Tohoku University [Sendai], Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences [Tartu], University of Tartu, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre alpien de Phytogéographie (CAP), Fondation Jean-Marcel Aubert, Inst Trop Ecosyst Studies, University of Puerto Rico (UPR), Universidad de Valladolid [Valladolid] (UVa), Mountain Agriculture Research Unit, Centre international de recherche-développement sur l'élevage en zone sub-humide (CIRDES), Centre Universitaire Polytechnique de Dédougou (CUP-D), Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo [Ouagadougou] (UJZK), USDA Forest Service, Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologia = Pyrenean Institute of Ecology (IPE), Station Biologique de Paimpont CNRS UMR 6653 (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology [Zurich], Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Centre for Ecology - Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c) - Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), Canada Research in Northern Biodiversity, Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Zone Atelier du Bassin de la Moselle [LTSER France] (ZAM), Department of Crop Production Ecology, University of Freiburg, Forest Research Institute- BAS, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), Lab Plant & Microbial Ecol, Inst Bot B22, Université de Liège, Laboratoire Dynamique de la Biodiversité (LADYBIO), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Leipzig University, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster = University of Münster (WWU), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya [Barcelona] (UPC), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Department of Limnology and Conservation, Senckenberg Research Institutes and Natural History Museums, Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), University of Minnesota System-University of Minnesota System, Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung - Atmosphärische Umweltforschung (IMK-IFU), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosystèmes Continentaux - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Department of Science for Nature and Natural Resources, Università degli Studi di Sassari = University of Sassari [Sassari] (UNISS), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Tomakomai Research Station, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University [Sapporo, Japan], Bangor University, Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), LTSER «Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sevre» [France], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Condensed Matter Theory Laboratory RIKEN (RIKEN), RIKEN - Institute of Physical and Chemical Research [Japon] (RIKEN), 730938, Biological Interactions Doctoral Programme, Secretaría de Educación Superior, Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación, 2/0101/18, Scientific Grant Agency VEGA, 2190, Fundación Charles Darwin, UID/AMB/50017, Centro de Estudos Ambientais e Marinhos, Universidade de Aveiro, ILTER Initiative Grant, ClimMani Short-Term Scientific Missions Grant, ES1308-231015-068365, Austrian Environment Agency, SFRH/BPD/107823/2015, Portuguese Foundation, DEB-1557009, NSF, UID/BIA/00329/2013, Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), University of Helsinki, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre alpien de Phytogéographie, Fondation J.-M. Aubert, Centre international de recherche-développement sur l'élevage en zone Subhumide (CIRDES), Centre international de recherche-développement sur l'élevage en zone Subhumide, Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologia (IPE), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), University of Lisbon, Université de Leipzig, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU), Université de Lausanne (UNIL), University of Sassari, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Leopold Franzens Universität Innsbruck - University of Innsbruck, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologìa = Pyrenean Institute of Ecology [Zaragoza] (IPE - CSIC), Université de Rennes (UR), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - INRA (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Météo France (FRANCE), UCL - SST/ELI/ELIE - Environmental Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Avalanche Research WSL, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences - Department of Forest Soils, Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Spanish National Institute for Agriculture and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Science Politique Relations Internationales Territoire (SPIRIT), Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux 4-Institut d'Études Politiques [IEP] - Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University of Rostock [Germany], Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Universiteit Gent [Ghent], Laboratoire de Comportement et d'Ecologie de la Faune Sauvage, INRA, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan cedex, France, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (IEES), Universidad de Puerto Rico, Centre Universitaire Polytechnique de Dédougou, Université de Ouagadougou, Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología, IPE-CSIC, University of Zürich [Zürich] (UZH), LTSER Zone Atelier du Bassin de la Moselle, Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung (UFZ), Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, University of Minnesota [Twin Cities], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Hokkaido University, Technische Universität Dresden (TUD), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR), LTSER Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sèvre, Djukic I., Kepfer-Rojas S., Schmidt I.K., Larsen K.S., Beier C., Berg B., Verheyen K., Caliman A., Paquette A., Gutierrez-Giron A., Humber A., Valdecantos A., Petraglia A., Alexander H., Augustaitis A., Saillard A., Fernandez A.C.R., Sousa A.I., Lillebo A.I., da Rocha Gripp A., Francez A.-J., Fischer A., Bohner A., Malyshev A., Andric A., Smith A., Stanisci A., Seres A., Schmidt A., Avila A., Probst A., Ouin A., Khuroo A.A., Verstraeten A., Palabral-Aguilera A.N., Stefanski A., Gaxiola A., Muys B., Bosman B., Ahrends B., Parker B., Sattler B., Yang B., Jurani B., Erschbamer B., Ortiz C.E.R., Christiansen C.T., Carol Adair E., Meredieu C., Mony C., Nock C.A., Chen C.-L., Wang C.-P., Baum C., Rixen C., Delire C., Piscart C., Andrews C., Rebmann C., Branquinho C., Polyanskaya D., Delgado D.F., Wundram D., Radeideh D., Ordonez-Regil E., Crawford E., Preda E., Tropina E., Groner E., Lucot E., Hornung E., Gacia E., Levesque E., Benedito E., Davydov E.A., Ampoorter E., Bolzan F.P., Varela F., Kristofel F., Maestre F.T., Maunoury-Danger F., Hofhansl F., Kitz F., Sutter F., Cuesta F., de Almeida Lobo F., de Souza F.L., Berninger F., Zehetner F., Wohlfahrt G., Vourlitis G., Carreno-Rocabado G., Arena G., Pinha G.D., Gonzalez G., Canut G., Lee H., Verbeeck H., Auge H., Pauli H., Nacro H.B., Bahamonde H.A., Feldhaar H., Jager H., Serrano H.C., Verheyden H., Bruelheide H., Meesenburg H., Jungkunst H., Jactel H., Shibata H., Kurokawa H., Rosas H.L., Rojas Villalobos H.L., Yesilonis I., Melece I., Van Halder I., Quiros I.G., Makelele I., Senou I., Fekete I., Mihal I., Ostonen I., Borovska J., Roales J., Shoqeir J., Lata J.-C., Theurillat J.-P., Probst J.-L., Zimmerman J., Vijayanathan J., Tang J., Thompson J., Dolezal J., Sanchez-Cabeza J.-A., Merlet J., Henschel J., Neirynck J., Knops J., Loehr J., von Oppen J., Thorlaksdottir J.S., Loffler J., Cardoso-Mohedano J.-G., Benito-Alonso J.-L., Torezan J.M., Morina J.C., Jimenez J.J., Quinde J.D., Alatalo J., Seeber J., Stadler J., Kriiska K., Coulibaly K., Fukuzawa K., Szlavecz K., Gerhatova K., Lajtha K., Kappeler K., Jennings K.A., Tielborger K., Hoshizaki K., Green K., Ye L., Pazianoto L.H.R., Dienstbach L., Williams L., Yahdjian L., Brigham L.M., van den Brink L., Rustad L., Zhang L., Morillas L., Xiankai L., Carneiro L.S., Di Martino L., Villar L., Bader M.Y., Morley M., Lebouvier M., Tomaselli M., Sternberg M., Schaub M., Santos-Reis M., Glushkova M., Torres M.G.A., Giroux M.-A., de Graaff M.-A., Pons M.-N., Bauters M., Mazon M., Frenzel M., Didion M., Wagner M., Hamid M., Lopes M.L., Apple M., Schadler M., Weih M., Gualmini M., Vadeboncoeur M.A., Bierbaumer M., Danger M., Liddell M., Mirtl M., Scherer-Lorenzen M., Ruzek M., Carbognani M., Di Musciano M., Matsushita M., Zhiyanski M., Puscas M., Barna M., Ataka M., Jiangming M., Alsafran M., Carnol M., Barsoum N., Tokuchi N., Eisenhauer N., Lecomte N., Filippova N., Holzel N., Ferlian O., Romero O., Pinto O.B., Peri P., Weber P., Vittoz P., Turtureanu P.D., Fleischer P., Macreadie P., Haase P., Reich P., Petrik P., Choler P., Marmonier P., Muriel P., Ponette Q., Guariento R.D., Canessa R., Kiese R., Hewitt R., Ronn R., Adrian R., Kanka R., Weigel R., Gatti R.C., Martins R.L., Georges R., Meneses R.I., Gavilan R.G., Dasgupta S., Wittlinger S., Puijalon S., Freda S., Suzuki S., Charles S., Gogo S., Drollinger S., Mereu S., Wipf S., Trevathan-Tackett S., Lofgren S., Stoll S., Trogisch S., Hoeber S., Seitz S., Glatzel S., Milton S.J., Dousset S., Mori T., Sato T., Ise T., Hishi T., Kenta T., Nakaji T., Michelan T.S., Camboulive T., Mozdzer T.J., Scholten T., Spiegelberger T., Zechmeister T., Kleinebecker T., Hiura T., Enoki T., Ursu T.-M., di Cella U.M., Hamer U., Klaus V.H., Rego V.M., Di Cecco V., Busch V., Fontana V., Piscova V., Carbonell V., Ochoa V., Bretagnolle V., Maire V., Farjalla V., Zhou W., Luo W., McDowell W.H., Hu Y., Utsumi Y., Kominami Y., Zaika Y., Rozhkov Y., Kotroczo Z., Toth Z., and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE)
Subjects: DYNAMICS, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Biome, Biochimie, Biologie Moléculaire, Carbon turnover, 01 natural sciences, CARBON, Waste Management and Disposal, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, CLIMATE-CHANGE, биомы, Tea bag, Green tea, Rooibos tea, Carbon turnover, TeaComposition initiative, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Pollution, Environmental chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Terrestrial ecosystem, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Biologie, TRAITS, Rooibos tea, IMPACTS, Environmental Engineering, почвенные процессы, chemistry.chemical_element, Climate change, Environmental Sciences & Ecology, Ingénierie de l'environnement, Green tea, Tea bag, TeaComposition initiative, Ecology and Environment, Atmosphere, подстилки, Environmental Chemistry, Ecosystem, RATES, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, оборот углерода, Science & Technology, Tea composition initiative, FEEDBACK, 15. Life on land, Decomposition, влияние климата, TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS, MODEL, экосистемы, chemistry, 13. Climate action, PATTERNS, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Litter, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie::577 Ökologie, Carbon, Environmental Sciences
Abstract: Through litter decomposition enormous amounts of carbon is emitted to the atmosphere. Numerous large-scale decomposition experiments have been conducted focusing on this fundamental soil process in order to understand the controls on the terrestrial carbon transfer to the atmosphere. However, previous studies were mostly based on site-specific litter and methodologies, adding major uncertainty to syntheses, comparisons and meta-analyses across different experiments and sites. In the TeaComposition initiative, the potential litter decomposition is investigated by using standardized substrates (Rooibos and Green tea) for comparison of litter mass loss at 336 sites (ranging from -9 to +26 °C MAT and from 60 to 3113 mm MAP) across different ecosystems. In this study we tested the effect of climate (temperature and moisture), litter type and land-use on early stage decomposition (3 months) across nine biomes. We show that litter quality was the predominant controlling factor in early stage litter decomposition, which explained about 65% of the variability in litter decomposition at a global scale. The effect of climate, on the other hand, was not litter specific and explained
Published: 2018
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7. Towards better traceability of field sampling data

Author: Plumejeaud-Perreau , Christine, Linyer , Hector, Pignol , Cécile, Cipière , Sébastien, Quinton , eric, Ancelin , Julien, Heintz , Wilfried, Damy , Sylvie, Raoul , Francis, Clemens , Anne, Dujardin , Florence, Moal , Françoise Le, Montargès-Pelletier , Emmanuelle, Bretagnolle , Vincent, LTSER Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sèvre, LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMR 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de la Montagne (EDYTEM), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LTSER Zone Atelier Alpes, Ecosystèmes aquatiques et changements globaux (UR EABX), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Domaine expérimental de Saint-Laurent-de-la-Prée (ST LAURENT DE LA PREE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Dynamiques Forestières dans l'Espace Rural (DYNAFOR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Zone Atelier Bassin du Rhône, Zone Atelier Basson du Rhône, École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), LTSER «Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sevre» [France], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMR 7266 ( LIENSs ), Université de La Rochelle ( ULR ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de la Montagne ( EDYTEM ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc ( USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Ecosystèmes aquatiques et changements globaux ( UR EABX ), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture ( IRSTEA ), Domaine expérimental de Saint-Laurent-de-la-Prée ( ST LAURENT DE LA PREE ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Dynamiques Forestières dans l'Espace Rural ( DYNAFOR ), Institut National Polytechnique [Toulouse] ( INP ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers - Rhône-Alpes ( CNAM Rhône-Alpes ), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] ( CNAM ), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] ( ECOBIO ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -INEE-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes ( OSUR ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux ( LIEC ), Université de Lorraine ( UL ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), and Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 ( CEBC )
Subjects: [ SDE.MCG ] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, [ SDE.IE ] Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, [ SDE.ES ] Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society
Abstract: Poster; International audience; Ensuring traceability of field experimental data or laboratory sampling data to conduct reproducible research is a challenge at the present time. Between the time when geolocalized specimens (biotic or abiotic) are taken, and the time the resulting data ends up in analysis published within a study, many manual operations take place and may generate errors. The French LTSER have joined forces at the national level to propose a solution as generic as possible to this problem of monitoring of the samples and the data associated with them. Compared to existing solutions (such as Laboratory Information Management Systems), we target a robust labeling solution adapted to outdoor working conditions, with the management of stocks and movements of samples. We designed and realized a prototype tested from end to end, using an open source software (https://github.com/Irstea/collec), cheap Zebra printers (mobile or not) and raspberries as devices. This solution provides sufficient flexibility for the wide variety of existing protocols. Its strength is the record of all contextual data associated with the samples, which constitute important parameters of the subsequent analyzes. At last, not only traceability is guaranteed, but also a gain of time and a rationalization of the storage of samples that will induce a return on investment.
Published: 2017

8. How semi-natural habitats affect the lifespan and foraging behavior of individual honey bees in farmlands?

Author: Verrier, Elise, Bretagnolle, Vincent, Aupinel, Pierrick, Decourtye, Axel, Henry, Mickael, Rebaudo, F., Requier, Fabrice, Laboratoire Evolution, Génome, Comportement et Ecologie, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS 9191, IRD 247, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), LTSER «Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sevre» [France], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Abeilles, Paysages, Interactions et Systèmes de culture (APIS), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de l'abeille (ITSAP), UMT Protection des abeilles dans l’environnement (UMT PrADE), Association pour le Developpement de l'Apiculture Provencale (ADAPI)-Institut de l'abeille (ITSAP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Terres Inovia-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Abeilles et Environnement (AE)
Subjects: [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract: International audience; Agricultural intensification, promoted by the Common Agricultural Policy over the past decades, led to important declines of biodiversity in European farmlands. In particular, the simplification of agricultural landscapes is known to affect insect pollinators, although paradoxically the yield of numerous crops depends on their survival. The Western honey bee (Apis mellifera) is one of the most important pollinators in farmlands. However, honey bee populations suffer high mortality rates, partly related to the loss of semi-natural habitats leading to a decrease in flower diversity and to periods of food shortage. While some studies assessed the link between semi-natural habitats and honey bee mortality at the colony level, it remains poorly investigated at the individual level. Individual worker bees play a critical role in the colony given that they can adjust their life history and foraging behavior to ensure sufficient intake of food according to colony needs. Therefore, assessing whether the loss of semi-natural habitats disturbs the lifespan and foraging behavior of individual honey bees could help to understand the mechanisms underlying colony mortality. To do so, we selected 14 sites along a landscape gradient of semi-natural habitats in a farmland system, in Western France. We monitored the life history of 1427 newly emerged worker honey bees in the study sites over periods of mass-flowering (April and July) or food shortage (May and June). We used the automatic RFID device (Radio Frequency IDentification) to track their lifespan, their flight activity and their allocation to foraging in the different landscapes. We found noticeable effects of semi-natural habitats on the lifespan and foraging behavior of individual honey bees that would help to understand how individual workers adapt their own life history traits to sustain food intake in landscapes with reduced flower availability. These results will be discussed with the general objective to provide recommendations of landscape management to safeguard insect pollinators in farmlands.
Published: 2022

9. Agriculture intensification reduces plant taxonomic and functional diversity across European arable systems

Author: Jan Bengtsson, Teja Tscharntke, Tsipe Aavik, Carlos P. Carmona, Wolfgang W. Weisser, Vincent Bretagnolle, Tomas Pärt, Irene Guerrero, Mark Emmerson, Manuel B. Morales, Piotr Ceryngier, Juan J. Oñate, Begoña Peco, Frank Berendse, Jaan Liira, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences [Tartu], University of Tartu, INEA Agricultural Engineering School [Spain], Comillas Pontifical University, Terrestrial Ecology Group (TEG) [Spain] (Autónoma University of Madrid), Autónoma University of Madrid, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Georg-August-University [Göttingen], School of Biological Sciences [Northern Ireland, UK] (Institute for Global Food Security), Institute for Global Food Security, Department of Environmental Sciences [Wageningen], Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Institute of Biological Sciences [Poland], Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), LTSER Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sèvre, Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Center for Food and Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), and UAM. Departamento de Ecología
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, weeds, Ruderal species, species richness, SDG 2 - Zero Hunger, dispersal, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, SDG 15 - Life on Land, 2. Zero hunger, Mechanical weed control, Agroforestry, business.industry, landscape, 15. Life on land, Biología y Biomedicina / Biología, PE&RC, functional diversity, arable plants, Agriculture, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Plantenecologie en Natuurbeheer, Biological dispersal, Species evenness, Species richness, agricultural intensification, Arable land, business, Weed, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Los autores de la UAM pertenecen al Terrestrial Ecology Group (TEG), Agricultural intensification is one of the main drivers of species loss worldwide, but there is still a lack of information about its effect on functional diversity of arable weed communities. Using a large-scale pan European study including 786 fields within 261 farms from eight countries, we analysed differences in the taxonomic and functional diversity of arable weeds assemblages across different levels of agricultural intensification. We estimated weed species frequency in each field, and collected species' traits (vegetative height, SLA and seed mass) from the TRY plant trait database. With this information, we estimated taxonomic (species richness), functional composition (community weighted means) and functional diversity (functional richness, evenness, divergence and redundancy). We used indicators of agricultural management intensity at the individual field scale (e.g. yield, inputs of nitrogen fertilizer and herbicides, frequency of mechanical weed control practices) and at the landscape scale surrounding the field (i.e. number of crop types, mean field size and proportion of arable land cover within a radius of 500 m from the sampling points). The effects of agricultural intensification on species and functional richness at the field scale were stronger than those of intensification at the landscape scale, and we did not observe evidence of interacting effects between the two scales. Overall, assemblages in more intensified areas had fewer species, a higher prevalence of species with ruderal strategies (low stature, high leaf area, light seeds), and lower functional redundancy. Maintaining the diversity of Europe's arable weed communities requires some simple management interventions, for example, reducing the high intensity of field-level agricultural management across Europe, which could be complemented by interventions that increase landscape complexity. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article
Published: 2020
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10. Social–ecological experiments to foster agroecological transition

Author: Vincent Bretagnolle, Sabrina Gaba, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), LTSER «Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sevre» [France], and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)
Subjects: agroecology, Biodiversity, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, stakeholders, 12. Responsible consumption, Ecosystem services, lcsh:QH540-549.5, lcsh:Human ecology. Anthropogeography, Agroecology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, biodiversity, 2. Zero hunger, Agroforestry, transformation, post-normal science, post‐normal science, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Post-normal science, sustainability, social–ecological systems, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Sustainability, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Business, lcsh:Ecology, lcsh:GF1-900, ecosystem services
Abstract: A paradigm shift is needed to make agriculture sustainable, and various substitutes for intensive agriculture have been proposed. However, moving from theory to practice, in the context of climate change, natural resource depletion and worldwide economic and social disorder requires a novel approach that goes beyond the confines of ‘normal’ scientific practice, to (a) consider ecological and socioeconomic processes within the agricultural socio‐ecosystem and (b) involving stakeholders in the research process. We propose an innovative experimental approach for identifying management practices that optimize multiple objectives, deliver a portfolio of ecosystem services and satisfy the social demands of key stakeholders while improving the socio‐economic welfare of farmers. Social–ecological experiments are undertaken in real‐field conditions, involving stakeholders explicitly, all along the experimental pathway, to help untangle the drivers of social–ecological dynamics under various practices of land management and farming. As an example, we describe a social–ecological experiment to reduce the intensity of weed control. These ‘social–ecological experiments’ go further, to participatory action research by not only involving stakeholders in the research process but also by manipulating simultaneously socioeconomic and ecological processes under real‐field conditions to foster agroecological transition. Such experiments are distinct from adaptive management, participatory agricultural research and scenario‐planning approaches as they highlight the interactions between ecological and social processes, manipulate the processes shaping the system and show causal links between patterns and processes. Social–ecological experiments offer great opportunities for increasing stakeholders' acceptance of environmental policies or sustainable agriculture programmes implemented through adaptive management. These experiments may help to identify management practices that deliver a portfolio of ecosystem services and satisfy key stakeholders. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Published: 2020
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11. Linking personality and health to use of space in the gray partridge: perspectives for management

Author: Clément Harmange, Vincent Bretagnolle, Olivier Pays, Mathieu Sarasa, Jérôme Moreau, Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique (LETG - Nantes), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Reconciling Ecological and Human Adaptations for a Biosphere-based Sustainability (REHABS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University [Port Elizabeth, South Africa], LTSER «Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sevre» [France], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique UMR 6554 (LETG), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Biologie et Ecologie des Organismes et Populations Sauvages (BEOPS), Fédération Nationale des Chasseurs (FNC), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, and Work supported by the Fédération Nationale des Chasseurs (grant number FNC-PSN-PR15-2014) and the French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS).
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, media_common.quotation_subject, Woodland, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Perdix, Health status, Predation, Space use, Personality, Wildlife management, Carnivore, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Behavioral adjustment, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Wildlife conservation, media_common, biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Geography, Gray partridge, Habitat, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Demography
Abstract: 13 pages; International audience; Behavioral adjustments are of critical importance for the survival of animals when exposed to risk and resource variations in their environment. Moving to safer habitats allows prey to reduce the risk of mortality triggered by predation. This response has been well studied at the population level to assist in identifying key habitat components for wildlife conservation. However, while individuals may differ in their response to risk and thus in their survival expectancy, the determinants of individual adjustments in space and habitat use are largely unknown in management and conservation studies. Using GPS monitoring, we investigated the relationship between individual traits (morphometry, personality, health status) and adjustments in the use of space relative to risky features (hedgerows, roads/tracks, woodlands, built-up areas) with regard to predation risk. We used the gray partridge (Perdix perdix) as a study model (captive-reared birds released into the farmlands). During the diel cycle, predation risk mainly occurs by carnivores at night, whereas human hunting pressure occurs during the day. We found that personality and health status had an effect on adjustments in the use of space as response to risky features. At night, when carnivore activity is expected to be high, bolder individuals were farther from hedgerows relative to the day. Similarly, individuals in good health were located farther from hedgerows, roads/tracks, and woodland at night relative to the day. We discuss the need for better consideration of individual traits in management and conservation programs, with a particular focus on recovery programs that rely on translocation of captive-reared individuals.
Published: 2021
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12. Feeding partridges with organic or conventional grain triggers cascading effects in life-history traits

Author: Maria Teresa Teixeira, Karine Monceau, Vincent Bretagnolle, Flavie Derouin Tochon, Malaury Crépin, Jérôme Moreau, Cécilia Mondet, Marie Fraikin, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LTSER «Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sevre» [France], and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Partridges, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, visual_art.art_subject, Foraging, Population, Population Dynamics, Biodiversity, Zoology, 010501 environmental sciences, Biology, Toxicology, 01 natural sciences, Life history theory, Pesticides residuals, Animals, Galliformes, education, Realistic exposure, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Carotenoid, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Hormesis, General Medicine, 15. Life on land, Pesticide, Pollution, Europe, Parasite, Plant Breeding, Immune system, Agriculture, visual_art, North America, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Long-term effect, business
Abstract: International audience; Farmland birds are declining across Europe and North America and the research of factors behind is the subject of extensive researches. Agricultural intensification is now recognized as a major factor governing the loss of biodiversity with strong evidence that pesticides induced direct bird mortality at a high dose. However, less attention has been given to the long-term effects of chronic exposure to low dose of pesticides. Here, we used an experimental procedure in which grey partridges were fed with untreated grains obtained from either organic (no pesticide) or conventional agriculture (with pesticide) for 26 weeks, thus strictly mimicking wild birds foraging on fields. We then examined a suite of life-history traits (ecophysiological and behavioural) that may ultimately, influence population dynamics. We show for the first time that ingesting low pesticide doses over a long period has long-term consequences on several major physiological pathways without inducing differential mortality. Compared to control partridges, birds exposed to chronic doses i) had less developed carotenoid-based ornaments due to lower concentrations of plasmatic carotenoids, ii) had higher activated immune system, iii) showed signs of physiological stress inducing a higher intestinal parasitic load, iv) had higher behavioural activity and body condition and v) showed lower breeding investment. Our results are consistent with a hormetic effect, in which exposure to a low dose of a chemical agent may induce a positive response, but our results also indicate that breeding adults may show impaired fitness traits bearing population consequences through reduced breeding investment or productivity. Given the current scale of use of pesticides in agrosystems, we suggest that such shifts in life-history traits may have a negative long-term impact on wild bird populations across agrosystems. We stress that long-term effects should no longer be ignored in pesticide risk assessment, where currently, only short-term effects are taken into account.
Published: 2021
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13. Proportion of grassland at landscape scale drives natural pest control services in agricultural landscapes

Author: Perrot, Thomas, Rusch, Adrien, Coux, Camille, Gaba, Sabrina, Bretagnolle, Vincent, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Santé et agroécologie du vignoble (UMR SAVE), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), LTSER «Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sevre» [France], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR), and ANR-18-CE32-0002,IMAgHO,Augmenter la multifonctionnalité des agroécosystèmes par l'exploitation des réseaux trophiques(2018)
Subjects: agroecology, aphid, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, predation, agricultural intensification, ecosystem services, natural enemy, weed
Abstract: International audience; Managing regulating ecosystem services delivered by biodiversity in farmland is a way to maintain crop yields while reducing the use of agrochemicals. Because semi-natural habitats provide shelter and food for pest enemies, a higher proportion of semi-natural habitats in the landscape or their proximity to crops may enhance pest control in arable fields. However, the ways in which the spatial arrangement of these habitats affects the delivery of this beneficial ecosystem service to crops remains poorly known. Here, we investigated the relative effects of the amount of grassland in the landscape versus the distance to the nearest grassland on the predation rates of weed seeds and aphids into 52 cereal fields. We found that both seed and aphid predation levels increased with the proportion of grassland in a 500 m radius buffer while the distance to the nearest grassland displayed no effect. We show that increasing from 0 to 50% the proportion of grasslands in a 500 m radius, respectively, increased seed and aphid predation by 38 and 20%. In addition to the strong effect of the proportion of grassland, we found that seed predation increased with the proportion of forest fragments while aphid predation increased with the proportion of organic farming in the landscape. Overall, our results reveal that natural pest control in cereal crops is not related to the distance to the nearest grassland, suggesting that natural enemies are not limited by their dispersal ability. Our study indicates that maintaining key semi-natural habitats, such as grasslands, is needed to ensure natural pest control and support food production in agricultural landscapes.
Published: 2021
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14. Functional biogeography of weeds reveals how anthropogenic management blurs trait–climate relationships

Author: François Munoz, Jonathan Storkey, Sabrina Gaba, Pierre Denelle, Guillaume Fried, Cyrille Violle, Bérenger Bourgeois, Centre de Synthèse et d’Analyse sur la Biodiversité (CESAB), Fondation pour la recherche sur la Biodiversité (FRB), LTSER Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sèvre, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique [Saint Martin d’Hères] (LIPhy ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Department of Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Laboratoire de santé des végétaux (LSV), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Sustainable Agriculture Sciences [Hertfordshire, UK], Rothamsted Research, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: leaf traits, plant assemblages, 0106 biological sciences, Agroecosystem, Specific leaf area, Growing season, trait-environment relationships, Plant Science, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Grassland, functional biogeography, Ecosystem, Agroecosystems, 2. Zero hunger, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, Land use, grasslands, environmental filtering, Vegetation, 15. Life on land, croplands, arable weeds, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Arable land, management intensification, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Questions: Studies in functional biogeography have mostly focused on unmanaged ecosystems, and neglected testing how management intensity affects community-level response of plant traits to bioclimatic gradients. We hypothesize that trait–climate relationships for arable weeds spontaneously establishing in croplands subject to intensive management should differ from the relationships characterizing less intensively managed grassland ecosystems. Location: France. Methods: We computed community-weighted means (CWM) and variances (CWV) of 954 and 5,619 cropland and grassland plant assemblages, respectively, for three fundamental leaf traits (specific leaf area, SLA; leaf dry matter content, LDMC; leaf nitrogen content, LNC). Based on growing season length accounting for both temperature and soil water limitations (GSLtw), we compared trait–climate relationships between herbicide-free croplands and grasslands, and between herbicide-free and herbicide-sprayed cropland assemblages. The contribution of beta-diversity to the trait–climate relationships was then evaluated using multiple regression on distance matrices. Results: Distinct trait–climate relationships characterized herbicide-free cropland and grassland plant assemblages. CWM of all traits showed weaker relations with GSLtw in cropland relative to grassland assemblages. CWV of LDMC and LNC responded more sharply in croplands. Furthermore, no herbicide effect on trait–climate relationships was detected within cropland assemblages. These results seem to be explained by a greater taxonomic beta-diversity along the GSLtw gradient for grasslands. Conclusions: Specific trait–environment relationships characterize croplands, underlining that management intensity greatly affects trait–climate relationships for plant assemblages. Deciphering the interplay between land use intensification and climate is critical to accurately forecast functional vegetation changes in response to global changes, and hence to foster actions enhancing ecosystem resilience.
Published: 2021
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15. Grassland-to-crop conversion in agricultural landscapes has lasting impact on the trait diversity of bees

Author: Marilyn Roncoroni, Nicolas Gross, Fabrice Requier, Gaëtane Le Provost, Isabelle Badenhausser, Cyrille Violle, Marie D’Ottavio, Louis Gross, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), LTSER «Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sevre» [France], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR), Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main-Senckenberg – Leibniz Institution for Biodiversity and Earth System Research - Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Leibniz Association-Leibniz Association, Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Evolution, génomes, comportement et écologie (EGCE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial - UMR (UREP), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Unité de recherche Zoologie Forestière (URZF)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Land-use changes, Geography, Planning and Development, Biology, Plant–pollinator interactions, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Grassland, Pollinator, Plant-pollinator interactions, Functional trait diversity, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Trophic level, 2. Zero hunger, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Habitat loss, 15. Life on land, Landscape history, Pollinator decline, Habitat destruction, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Trait, Landscape ecology, Research Article
Abstract: Context Global pollinator decline has motivated much research to understand the underlying mechanisms. Among the multiple pressures threatening pollinators, habitat loss has been suggested as a key-contributing factor. While habitat destruction is often associated with immediate negative impacts, pollinators can also exhibit delayed responses over time. Objectives We used a trait-based approach to investigate how past and current land use at both local and landscape levels impact plant and wild bee communities in grasslands through a functional lens. Methods We measured flower and bee morphological traits that mediate plant–bee trophic linkage in 66 grasslands. Using an extensive database of 20 years of land-use records, we tested the legacy effects of the landscape-level conversion of grassland to crop on flower and bee trait diversity. Results Land-use history was a strong driver of flower and bee trait diversity in grasslands. Particularly, bee trait diversity was lower in landscapes where much of the land was converted from grassland to crop long ago. Bee trait diversity was also strongly driven by plant trait diversity computed with flower traits. However, this relationship was not observed in landscapes with a long history of grassland-to-crop conversion. The effects of land-use history on bee communities were as strong as those of current land use, such as grassland or mass-flowering crop cover in the landscape. Conclusions Habitat loss that occurred long ago in agricultural landscapes alters the relationship between plants and bees over time. The retention of permanent grassland sanctuaries within intensive agricultural landscapes can offset bee decline.
Published: 2021
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16. Residues of currently used pesticides in soils and earthworms: A silent threat?

Author: Michael Coeurdassier, Florent Lafay, Sabrina Gaba, Clémentine Fritsch, Colette Bertrand, Sylvie Nélieu, Vincent Bretagnolle, Céline Pelosi, Gaëlle Daniele, Pierre Benoit, Emmanuelle Vulliet, Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), LTSER Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sèvre, Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé [France] (USC 1339 INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), TRACES - Technologie et Recherche en Analyse Chimique pour l'Environnement et la Santé, Institut des Sciences Analytiques (ISA), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, agroecology, Biodiversity, Biology, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Sustainable agriculture, Ecosystem, Agroecology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, soil-dwelling invertebrates, 2. Zero hunger, Ecology, risk assessment, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Pesticide, 6. Clean water, plant protection products, Agronomy, 13. Climate action, Soil water, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Organic farming, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Animal Science and Zoology, [SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, Arable land, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Agronomy and Crop Science, nontarget wildlife
Abstract: International audience; Critical knowledge gaps about environmental fate and unintentional effects of currently used pesticides (CUPs) hamper the understanding and mitigation of their global impacts on ecological processes. We investigated the exposure of earthworms to 31 multiclass CUPs in an arable landscape in France. We highlighted the presence of at least one pesticide in all soils (n=180) and 92% of earthworms (n=155) both in treated crops and nontreated habitats (hedgerows, grasslands, and cereals under organic farming). Mixtures of at least one insecticide, one herbicide, and one fungicide (> limit of quantification) contaminated 90% of soils and 54% of earthworms at levels that could endanger these nontarget beneficial soil organisms. A high risk of chronic toxicity to earthworms was found (46% of samples) both in treated winter cereals and nontreated habitats considered as refuges. This may alter biodiversity, hinder recovery, and impair ecosystem functions. These results provide essential insights for sustainable agriculture and CUP regulation, and highlight the potential of pesticides as agents of global change.
Published: 2021
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17. Honeybee lifespan: the critical role of pre-foraging stage

Author: Yves Le Conte, Didier Crauser, Cédric Alaux, Vincent Bretagnolle, Fabrice Requier, Alberto Prado, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Evolution, génomes, comportement et écologie (EGCE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Abeilles et Environnement (AE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), LTSER Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sèvre, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Zone Atelier Plaine et Val de Sèvre [LTSER France]
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Foraging, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, survival, foraging, 03 medical and health sciences, lcsh:Science, behavioural experience, 030304 developmental biology, RFID, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, Critical factors, orientation flight, Worker bee, Flight experience, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, mortality risk, lcsh:Q, Stage (hydrology), [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Demography, Research Article
Abstract: International audience; Assessing the various anthropogenic pressures imposed on honeybees requires characterizing the patterns and drivers of natural mortality. Using automated lifelong individual monitoring devices, we monitored worker bees in different geographical, seasonal and colony contexts creating a broad range of hive conditions. We measured their life-history traits and notably assessed whether lifespan is influenced by preforaging flight experience. Our results show that the age at the first flight and onset of foraging are critical factors that determine, to a large extent, lifespan. Most importantly, our results indicate that a large proportion (40%) of the bees die during pre-foraging stage, and for those surviving, the elapsed time and flight experience between the first flight and the onset of foraging is of paramount importance to maximize the number of days spent foraging. Once in the foraging stage, individuals experience a constant mortality risk of 9% and 36% per hour of foraging and per foraging day, respectively. In conclusion, the pre-foraging stage during which bees perform orientation flights is a critical driver of bee lifespan. We believe these data on the natural mortality risks in honeybee workers will help assess the impact of anthropogenic pressures on bees.
Published: 2020
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18. Weed diversity is driven by complex interplay between multi-scale dispersal and local filtering

Author: Vincent Bretagnolle, Bérenger Bourgeois, Christine Plumejeaud, Sabrina Gaba, Centre de Synthèse et d’Analyse sur la Biodiversité (CESAB), Fondation pour la recherche sur la Biodiversité (FRB), LTSER «Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sevre» [France], Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), and Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Metacommunity, Assembly rules, Biodiversity, Plant Weeds, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Ecosystem services, Seed Dispersal, Animals, Ecosystem, General Environmental Science, 2. Zero hunger, General Immunology and Microbiology, Ecology, Correction, Agriculture, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Medicine, 15. Life on land, Spatial heterogeneity, Geography, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Biological dispersal, Arable land, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Weed
Abstract: International audience; Arable weeds are key organisms for biodiversity maintenance and ecosystem service provision in agroecosystems. Disentangling the drivers of weed diversity is critical to counteract the global decline of farmland biodiversity. Even if distinct scale-dependent processes were alternatively proposed, no general framework unifying the multi-scale drivers of weed dynamics has yet emerged. Here, we investigate the joint effects of field- and landscape-scale processes on weed assemblages in 444 arable fields. First, field margins sheltered greater weed diversity than field core, evidencing their role as biodiversity refugia. Second, community similarity between field core and margin decreased with the distance to margin, highlighting a major role of local dispersal. Third, weed diversity at field margins increased with organic field cover in the landscape, pointing out massive regional dispersal. Fourth, while both local and landscape dispersal explained up to 41% of field core weed diversity, crop type strongly modulated their strength, depicting an intense filtering effect by agricultural management. This study sheds new light on the complex multi-scale interactions shaping weed diversity, field margins playing a key role by strengthening regional dispersal and sustaining local dispersal. Land-sharing strategies improving habitat heterogeneity both locally and regionally should largely promote agroecosystem multifunctionality and sustainability.
Published: 2020
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19. Ecological Specialization and Rarity of Arable Weeds: Insights from a Comprehensible Survey in France

Author: François Munoz, Jonathan Storkey, Sabrina Gaba, Vincent Bretagnolle, Christine Plumejeaud, Laura Armengot, Guillaume Fried, Joël Chadoeuf, Cyrille Violle, Lucie Mahaut, Bérenger Bourgeois, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire de santé des végétaux (LSV), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Research Institute of Organic Agriculture - Forschungsinstitut für biologischen Landbau (FiBL), Agroécologie [Dijon], Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), LTSER «Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sevre» [France], Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes (GAFL), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Rothamsted Research, French Foundation for Research on Biodiversity (FRB, ANR-13-AGRO-0001,AGROBIOSE,Biodiversité et services écosystémiques en agro-écosystèmes céréaliers intensifs : utilisation des concepts de l'agro-écologie pour atteindre les objectifs ECOPHYTO 2018(2013), European Project: 639706,H2020,ERC-2014-STG,CONSTRAINTS(2015), Laboratoire de santé des végétaux (LSV Angers), Laboratoire de la santé des végétaux (LSV), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, arable fields, Arable fields, Sampling strategies, Plant Science, life form, Generalist and specialist species, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, species pool, Article, specialization, open habitats, Open habitats, Ecosystem diversity, Temporal scales, biodiversity decline, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 2. Zero hunger, Biodiversity decline, Ecology, Species pool, Botany, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, sampling strategies, Production systems, Taxon, Geography, Habitat, QK1-989, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Biodiversity and ecosystem services, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Conservation status, Life form, Arable land, Weed, Specialization
Abstract: The definition of &ldquo, arable weeds&rdquo, remains contentious. Although much attention has been devoted to specialized, segetal weeds, many taxa found in arable fields also commonly occur in other habitats. The extent to which adjacent habitats are favorable to the weed flora and act as potential sources of colonizers in arable fields remains unclear. In addition, weeds form assemblages with large spatiotemporal variability, so that many taxa in weed flora are rarely observed in plot-based surveys. We thus addressed the following questions: How often do weeds occur in other habitats than arable fields? How does including field edges extend the taxonomic and ecological diversity of weeds? How does the weed flora vary across surveys at different spatial and temporal scales? We built a comprehensive dataset of weed taxa in France by compiling weed flora, lists of specialized segetal weeds, and plot-based surveys in agricultural fields, with different spatial and temporal coverages. We informed life forms, biogeographical origins and conservation status of these weeds. We also defined a broader dataset of plants occupying open habitats in France and assessed habitat specialization of weeds and of other plant species absent from arable fields. Our results show that many arable weeds are frequently recorded in both arable fields and non-cultivated open habitats and are, on average, more generalist than species absent from arable fields. Surveys encompassing field edges included species also occurring in mesic grasslands and nitrophilous fringes, suggesting spill-over from surrounding habitats. A total of 71.5% of the French weed flora was not captured in plot-based surveys at regional and national scales, and many rare and declining taxa were of Mediterranean origin. This result underlines the importance of implementing conservation measures for specialist plant species that are particularly reliant on arable fields as a habitat, while also pointing out biotic homogenization of agricultural landscapes as a factor in the declining plant diversity of farmed landscapes. Our dataset provides a reference species pool for France, with associated ecological and biogeographical information.
Published: 2020
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20. Weeds Enhance Multifunctionality in Arable Lands in South-West of France

Author: Sabrina Gaba, Nathalie Cheviron, Thomas Perrot, Séverine Piutti, Jean-Luc Gautier, Vincent Bretagnolle, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), LTSER «Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sevre» [France], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement (LAE), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), ANR-18-CE32-0002,IMAgHO,Augmenter la multifonctionnalité des agroécosystèmes par l'exploitation des réseaux trophiques(2018), and ANR-11-INBS-0001,ANAEE-FR,ANAEE-Services(2011)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, pollination, Biodiversity, lcsh:TX341-641, Horticulture, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystem services, haylands, Abundance (ecology), Ecosystem, 2. Zero hunger, Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, carabids, lcsh:TP368-456, business.industry, Agroforestry, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, yield, soil organic carbon, lcsh:Food processing and manufacture, Geography, soil enzyme activity, 13. Climate action, Agriculture, Sustainable management, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Species richness, business, Weed, Agronomy and Crop Science, bee richness, lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply, pest control, Food Science
Abstract: International audience; The current challenge in agriculture is to move from intensively managed to multifunctional agricultural landscapes that can simultaneously provide multiple ecological functions (multifunctionality), thus ensuring the delivery of ecosystem services important for human well-being. There is evidence that biodiversity is the main driver of multiple ecosystem functions. However, how biodiversity, and which components of biodiversity are the sources of multifunctionality, remain elusive. In the present study, we explore the role of weed richness and weed abundance as possible sources of ecosystem multifunctionality of an intensive agricultural landscape. Weeds are a key component of the arable field ecosystem trophic network by supporting various ecological functions while being a possible threat for production. We combine empirical data on ten ecosystem functions related to pollination, pest control and soil fertility, and measured across 184 fields cultivated with winter cereal, oilseed rape or hays in the Long Term Socio-Ecological Research site Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sèvre. We found that weed diversity was a strong contributor to multifunctionality in all crop types, especially when using the threshold-based approach. The effects of weed diversity were less pronounced for individual ecological functions except for weed seed predation and urease activity. As weeds may have dual effects on yields, we also explored the relationship between ecosystem multifunctionality and yield considering weed abundance. We however found a neutral relationship between yield and ecosystem multifunctionality. These results suggest that field management that maintains high levels of weed diversity can enhance multifunctionality and most ecological functions. Understanding how to maintain weed diversity in agricultural landscapes can therefore help to design sustainable management favoring the delivery of multiple services while maintaining food production. The next challenge will therefore be to assess the relative contribution of management practices, landscape features and weed diversity on ecosystem multifunctionality and yield.
Published: 2020
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21. Configurational crop heterogeneity increases within‐field plant diversity

Author: Gavin M. Siriwardena, Isabelle Badenhausser, Nathalie Patry, Péter Batáry, Irene Robleño, Yann Clough, Romain Georges, Teja Tscharntke, Jean-Louis Martin, Kathryn Lindsay, Jacques Baudry, Nicole Yaverscovski, Vincent Bretagnolle, Lluís Brotons, Brigitte Poulin, Jordi Recasens, François Calatayud, Jesús Miñano, Annick Gibon, Audrey Alignier, Nicolas Gross, Aliette Bosem Baillod, David Giralt, Françoise Burel, Cyrille Violle, Jude Girard, Paul Miguet, Barbara Baraibar, Colette Bertrand, Lenore Fahrig, Laura Henckel, Xavier O. Solé-Senan, Clélia Sirami, Annika L. Hass, Scott Mitchell, Gerard Bota, Aude Vialatte, Romain Carrié, Biodiversité agroécologie et aménagement du paysage (UMR BAGAP), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Ecole supérieure d'Agricultures d'Angers (ESA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Universitat de Lleida, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System, Biology, Geomatics and Landscape Ecology Research Laboratory, Carleton University, Centre de Ciència i Tecnologia Forestal de Catalunya (CTFC), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Dynamiques et écologie des paysages agriforestiers (DYNAFOR), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), British Trust for Ornithology (BTO), University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Agroscope FAL Reckenholz (AGROSCOPE), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), LTSER Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sèvre, Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF), Lund University [Lund], Department of Biology, Carleton University (Carleton University), Station Biologique de la Tour du Valat, Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Institute of Biochemistry and MTA SZBK 'Lendület' Laboratory of Cell Cycle Regulation, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, ANR‐11‐EBID‐0004, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, Canada Foundation for Innovation, ANR-11-EBID-0004,FarmLand,European Network on Farmland Heterogeneity, Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services(2011), Ecole supérieure d'Agricultures d'Angers (ESA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Zone Atelier Plaine et Val de Sèvre [LTSER France], and Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Gamma diversity, media_common.quotation_subject, Biodiversity, Males herbes--Control, Conreus, farmland, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Competition (biology), Crop, field border, crop mosaic, Agricultural productivity, Crop mosaic, media_common, 2. Zero hunger, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Ecology, business.industry, Agroforestry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, landscape composition, landscape configuration, Biodiversitat--Conservació, 15. Life on land, Field border, Paisatge, Geography, Agriculture, diversity partitioning, Biodiversity and ecosystem services, Alpha diversity, biodiversity conservation, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Weed, business, weed
Abstract: 1. Increasing landscape heterogeneity by restoring semi-natural elements to reverse farmland biodiversity declines is not always economically feasible or acceptable to farmers due to competition for land. We hypothesized that increasing the hetero-geneity of the crop mosaic itself, hereafter referred to as crop heterogeneity, can have beneficial effects on within-field plant diversity .2. Using a unique multi-country dataset from a cross-continent collaborative project covering 1,451 agricultural fields within 432 landscapes in Europe and Canada, we assessed the relative effects of compositional and configurational crop heteroge-neity on within-field plant diversity components. We also examined how these relationships were modulated by the position within the field. 3. We found strong positive effects of configurational crop heterogeneity on within-field plant alpha and gamma diversity in field interiors. These effects were as high as the effect of semi-natural cover. In field borders, effects of crop heterogeneity were limited to alpha diversity. We suggest that a heterogeneous crop mosaic may overcome the high negative impact of management practices on plant diversity in field interiors, whereas in field borders, where plant diversity is already high, landscape effects are more limited. 4. Synthesis and applications. Our study shows that increasing configurational crop heterogeneity is beneficial to within-field plant diversity. It opens up a new effec-tive and complementary way to promote farmland biodiversity without taking land out of agricultural production. We therefore recommend adopting manipulation of crop heterogeneity as a specific, effective management option in future policy measures, perhaps adding to agri-environment schemes, to contribute to the con-servation of farmland plant diversity. Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; German Ministry of Research and Education; Agence Nationale de la Recherche, Grant/Award Number: ANR-11-EBID-0004; Canada Foundation for Innovation; German Research Foundation; Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; French National Research Agency, Grant/Award Number: ANR-11-EBID-0004; UK Government Department of the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs; Environment Canada (EC)
Published: 2020
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22. Challenges and issues governing biodiversity in New Aquitaine, France

Author: CARTER, Caitriona, BERTHET, Elsa, BOSCHET, Christophe, BOULEAU, Gabrielle, BRETAGNOLLE, Vincent, CANDAU, Jacqueline, CAZALS, Clarisse, CONCHON, Paul, DACHARY-BERNARD, Jeanne, DE GODOY LESKI, Charles, DELDRÈVE, Valérie, DEUFFIC, Philippe, DOYEN, Luc, LAFON, Sophie, MACARY, Francis, RAMBONILAZA, Tina, SAHRAOUI, Yohan, SALLES, Denis, SERGENT, Arnaud, SMITH, Andy, THOMAS, Arnaud, Environnement, territoires et infrastructures (UR ETBX), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Sciences pour l'Action et le Développement : Activités, Produits, Territoires (SADAPT), AgroParisTech-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Bretagnolle, V., AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), LTSER «Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sevre» [France], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Émile Durkheim (CED), Sciences Po Bordeaux - Institut d'études politiques de Bordeaux (IEP Bordeaux)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fondation Nationale des Sciences Politiques [FNSP], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sciences Po Bordeaux - Institut d'études politiques de Bordeaux (IEP Bordeaux)
Subjects: GESTION PARTICIPATIVE, governance, BIODIVERSITE, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, participative management, GOUVERNANCE, TRANSFORMATION, biodiversité, biodiversity
Abstract: International audience; This chapter presents a summary of scientific results on the governance of biodiversity in socio-ecosystems in the French region of New Aquitaine (cereal plains, forest and wood, vine and wine, fresh and marine water, urbanised territories: see Ecobiose General Report https://www.ecobiose.fr/rapport/). The central governance question turns on the reconciliation and, in some cases, the integration of the governance of the conservation of biodiversity with the governance of production (food, energy, wood...) - public policies which traditionally have been set independently of one another, supported by different groups of actors and instruments. Following a brief presentation of the international and national context for the governing of each socio-ecosystem, this scientific assessment allowed us to identify two main ways of governing the convergence of objectives and institutions: i) a 'reformist' form of goverance within which sector public policy instruments are adapted to biodiversity issues but without challenging dominant logics of action; ii) a 'transformative' form of governance supporting the implementation of 'ecosystem approaches'. This second form of holistic governance was seen to result either from 'bottom up' or 'top down' governing approaches depending on the socio-ecosytem concerned. The scientific assessment further allowed us to identify challenges implementing both governing forms, as well as institutional and legislative obstacles. It also highlighted power relationships between actors and issues of social justice and equity at stake.; Ce chapitre présente une synthèse des résultats scientifiques portant sur les enjeux de gouvernance de la biodiversité dans les socio-écosystèmes de la Région Nouvelle-Aquitaine traités dans le rapport d'Ecobiose. Ces enjeux concernent la réconciliation, voire l'intégration, de la gouvernance de la conservation de la biodiversité avec la gouvernance de la production (d'alimentation, d'énergie, de bois...) et de la fourniture d'un ensemble plus large de services écosystémiques. Après une brève présentation des contextes respectifs pour chaque socio-écosystème, cette synthèse permet d'identifier deux principaux modes de gouvernance pour réaliser une convergence d'objectifs et de moyens institutionnels : i) une forme de gouvernance « réformiste » dans le cadre de laquelle des instruments de politique publique sectoriels sont adaptés aux enjeux de la biodiversité; et ii) une forme de gouvernance « transformative » qui tend à prôner la mise en place des « approches écosystémiques ». Ce deuxième type d'approche, holistique, peut être mis en place de façon « ascendante » ou « descendante », dans des contextes divergents selon les socio-écosystèmes. Cette synthèse identifie les défis à surmonter dans le contexte de gouvernance actuel pour chacun de ces deux modes d'intervention et les blocages institutionnels et législatifs, les rapports de force en jeu et les questions d'équité et de justice sociale impliqués.
Published: 2020

23. Designing Multifunctional and Resilient Agricultural Landscapes: Lessons from Long-Term Monitoring of Biodiversity and Land Use

Author: Vincent Bretagnolle, Sabrina Gaba, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), LTSER «Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sevre» [France], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hurford C., Wilson P., and Storkey J.
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Organic farming, Biodiversity, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 12. Responsible consumption, Ecosystem services, 03 medical and health sciences, Sustainable agriculture, Agroecology, Environmental planning, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, Ecological stability, 0303 health sciences, Food security, Land use, business.industry, 15. Life on land, Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sèvre, Agri-environment schemes, 13. Climate action, Agriculture, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Business, Multifunctional landscapes
Abstract: International audience; In this chapter, we illustrate how the current challenges of agriculture -i.e. maintaining food security while preserving biodiversity, landscapes and ecosystemfunctions - have been addressed in a long-term social-ecological research site,the Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sèvre, operated since 1994. After a presentation ofthe study area and its research program, we present landscape changes over the past25 years. Then, we review the most relevant studies conducted in this area thatexamined the effect of landscape on farmland biodiversity.We focus on biodiversitybecause it is a central tenet of sustainable agriculture, which delivers ecosystemservices that benefit human well-being and ensure ecosystem stability and resilience.Finally, we show that approaches that sustain biodiversity can also support foodproduction, the delivery of multiple ecosystem services and the economy of localstakeholders. One major result from studies in the LTSER ZA-PVS is that biodiversitydecline is a severe threat to food security in itself: improving biodiversity canimprove yields, gross margins, or both. Biodiversity in arable habitats is, therefore,required to maintain food security, especially through pollination, natural pestregulation and soil services. Long-term monitoring of biodiversity, ecosystem functioningand agricultural practices as well as land use revealed that the interplaybetween local and landscape factors can provide solutions to reach these goals ofmultifunctionality (biodiversity, food production and farmers’ profitability) in agricultural landscapes. The next step is to engage stakeholders, in collaboration with scientists, and increase awareness of their mutual interdependencies with natureto foster the transition to more agroecological farming.
Published: 2020
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24. Trait‐matching and mass effect determine the functional response of herbivore communities to land‐use intensification

Author: Gaëtane Le Provost, Marilyn Roncoroni, Nicolas Gross, Hélène Deraison, Isabelle Badenhausser, Luca Börger, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), INRA-CEBC, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), LTER Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sèvre, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé [France] (USC 1339 INRA), LTSER «Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sevre» [France], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ERA-Net BiodivERsA, ANR-11-EBID-0004, ECODEAL, European Project: 609398,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2013-COFUND,AGREENSKILLSPLUS(2014), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Metacommunity, metacommunity, functional trait diversity, Biodiversity, Context (language use), Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, land-use intensification, Grassland, Grasshopper, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Trophic level, 2. Zero hunger, Herbivore, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, plant–insect interactions, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, incisor strength, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Biological dispersal, grassland, body size, grasshoppers, resource-acquisition traits
Abstract: Summary 1.Trait-based approaches represent a promising way to understand how trophic interactions shape animal communities. The approach relies on the identification of the traits that mediate the linkages between adjacent trophic levels, i.e. “trait-matching”. Yet, how trait-matching explains the abundance and diversity of animal communities has been barely explored. This question may be particularly critical in the context of land use intensification, currently threatening biodiversity and associated ecosystem services. 2.We collected a large dataset on plant and grasshopper traits from communities living in 204 grasslands, in an intensively managed agricultural landscape. We used a multi-trait approach to quantify the relative contributions of trait-matching and land use intensification acting at both local and landscape scales on grasshopper functional diversity. We considered two key independent functional traits: incisor strength and body size of grasshopper species. Incisor strength, a resource-acquisition trait, strongly matches grasshopper feeding niche. Body size correlates with mobility traits, and may determine grasshopper dispersal abilities. 3.Plant functional diversity positively impacted the diversity of grasshopper resource-acquisition traits, according to the degree of trait-matching observed between plants and herbivores. However, this positive effect was significantly higher in old grasslands. In addition, the presence of specific habitats in the landscape (i.e. wood and alfalfa) strongly enhanced grasshopper resource-acquisition trait diversity in the focal grassland. Finally, grasshopper body size increased with landscape simplification, although the response was modulated by local factors such as soil depth. 4.Trait-matching between plants and herbivores was an important driver explaining the abundance and diversity of resource-acquisition traits within grasshopper communities. However, the presence of specific habitats in the surrounding landscape had also a strong influence on herbivore functional diversity in grasslands. Our study suggests that also mass effects are a central mechanism promoting higher functional diversity within animal communities in highly disturbed anthropogenic systems. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Published: 2017
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25. Bee pollination outperforms pesticides for oilseed crop production and profitability

Author: Fabien Vialloux, Vincent Bretagnolle, Rui Catarino, Sabrina Gaba, Thomas Perrot, Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement - Antenne Colmar (LAE-Colmar ), Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement (LAE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), ANR AGROBIOSPHERE AGROBIOSE, Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, Centre d'études biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LTSER «Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sevre» [France], CEBC / INRA, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé [France] (USC 1339 INRA), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Crops, Agricultural, agroecology, Insecta, Pollination, Ecology (disciplines), Biodiversity, rapeseed, Agricultural engineering, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Pollinator, herbicide, Economics, Animals, Pesticides, Agroecology, Ecosystem, nature-based solutions, General Environmental Science, 2. Zero hunger, General Immunology and Microbiology, Ecology, business.industry, Crop yield, Brassica napus, insecticide, Agriculture, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Medicine, 15. Life on land, Bees, Crop Production, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Profitability index, pollinators, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, business
Abstract: Nature-based agriculture that reduces dependency on chemical inputs requires using ecological principles for sustainable agro-ecosystems, aiming to balance ecology, economics and social justice. There is growing evidence that pollinator-dependent crops with high insect, particularly bee, pollination service can give higher yields. However, the interacting effects between insect pollination and agricultural inputs on crop yields and farm economics remain to be established to reconcile food production with biodiversity conservation. We quantified individual and combined effects of pesticides, insect pollination and soil quality on oilseed rape ( Brassica napus L.) yield and gross margin, using a total of 294 farmers' fields surveyed between 2013 and 2016. We show that yield and gross margins are greater (15–40%) in fields with higher pollinator abundance than in fields with reduced pollinator abundance. This effect is, however, strongly reduced by pesticide use. Greater yields may be achieved by either increasing agrochemicals or increasing bee abundance, but crop economic returns were only increased by the latter, because pesticides did not increase yields while their costs reduced gross margins.
Published: 2019
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26. Disentangling the effects of environmental conditions on wintering and breeding grounds on age-specific survival rates in a trans-Saharan migratory raptor

Author: Alexandre Millon, Jean-Luc Bourrioux, Thierry Printemps, Cécile Danovaro, Almut E. Schlaich, Vincent Bretagnolle, Alexandre Villers, Alain Leroux, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe d'Etudes et de Protection des Busards (GepB), Dutch Montagu’s Harrier Foundation, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, DRE – Unité Avifaune Migratrice [France], Office Nationale de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, Zone Atelier Plaine et Val de Sèvre [LTSER France], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), LTSER Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sèvre, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR), and Both group
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, POPULATION-DYNAMICS, NDVI, CONSERVATION, Population, capture-recapture, Climate change, Sahel rainfall, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Predation, Mark and recapture, long-distance migrant, Circus pygargus, Seasonal breeder, Juvenile, SAND MARTIN RIPARIA, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, education.field_of_study, CLIMATE-CHANGE, BIRDS, biology, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, SAHEL, Harrier, Montagu's harrier, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, MOREAUS PARADOX, capture–recapture, VARIABILITY, 13. Climate action, raptor, DENSITY, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Animal Science and Zoology, PALEARCTIC MIGRANT, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; Migratory species are subject to environmental variability occurring on breeding and wintering grounds. Estimating the relative contribution of environmental factors experienced sequentially during breeding and wintering, and their potential interaction, to the variation of survival is crucial to predict population viability of migratory species. Here we investigated this issue for the Montagu's harrier Circus pygargus, a trans‐Saharan migrant. We analysed capture–recapture data from a 29‐year long monitoring of wing‐tagged offspring and adults at two study sites in France (Rochefort‐RO and Maine‐et‐Loire‐ML). The study period covers a climatic shift occurring in the Sahel with increasing rainfall following a period of droughts (Sahel greening). We found that harriers’ adult survival in RO (between 1988 and 2005) varied over time and was sensitive to the interaction between the amount of rainfall in the Sahel and the annual mean breeding success, two proxies of prey availability. The occurrence of adverse conditions on breeding and wintering grounds in the same year decreased survival from 0.70–0.77 to 0.48 ± 0.05. Juvenile survival in RO was slightly more sensitive to conditions in Europe than in the Sahel. Unexpectedly, lower survival rates were found in years with higher mean breeding success, suggesting compensatory density feedbacks may operate. By contrast, adult survival in ML, monitored between 1999 and 2017, was higher compared to RO (0.76 ± 0.03 versus 0.66 ± 0.02), remained constant and unaffected by any proxy of prey availability. This difference seems consistent with the fact that harriers in ML experienced better and especially less variable environmental conditions during breeding and wintering seasons compared to RO. Overall, we showed that survival of a migratory bird is sensitive to the level of variability in environmental conditions and that adverse conditions on wintering grounds can amplify the negative effects of conditions during the previous breeding season on birds’ survival.
Published: 2019
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27. Preserving habitat quality at local and landscape scales increases wild bee diversity in intensive farming systems

Author: Vincent Bretagnolle, Mickaël Henry, Orianne Rollin, Néstor Pérez-Méndez, Producció Vegetal, Cultius Extensius Sostenibles, Abeilles et Environnement (AE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Avignon Université (AU), Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales, Agroecología y Desarrollo Rural [Río Negro] (IRNAD), Universidad Nacional de Río Negro (UNRN), Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), LTSER Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sèvre, and ANR Agrobiose, CASDAR n° 9035
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Richness, Biodiversity, APOIDEA, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Ciencias Biológicas, Floral resources, Abundance (ecology), RICHNESS, Semi-natural habitat, FLORAL RESOURCES, 2. Zero hunger, Habitat fragmentation, Ecology, Intensive farming, Landscape composition, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, LANDSCAPE COMPOSITION, Geography, SEMI-NATURAL HABITAT, Habitat, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Animal Science and Zoology, Species richness, Scale (map), Agronomy and Crop Science, Apoidea, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, Diversity (business), Conservación de la Biodiversidad
Abstract: Biological diversity is influenced by many environmental factors, which can act either at a local scale (e.g. quality and quantity of feeding and nesting resources, habitat type) or at a landscape scale (e.g. habitat fragmentation, composition and configuration of landscape features). To effectively manage or promote biodiversity in heterogeneous environments such as intensive agrosystems, a thorough knowledge of the spatial and temporal scale of ecological factor effects is required. This study investigates the effects of ecological correlates on local wild bee diversity in semi-natural farmland habitats, and predicts changes in species richness according to local-scale and landscape-scale correlates to further guide bee conservation practices. Local floral richness, the proportion of semi-natural habitats in the landscape (1000 m radius) and the type of semi-natural habitats influenced bee richness at a field scale. However, the magnitude of the effect varied seasonally and according to local bee abundance. Model predictions showed that increasing floral richness on farms had a greater effect on bee richness than increasing the proportion of semi-natural habitats. While increasing the number of semi-natural habitats would be a more effective strategy for promoting bee diversity at the landscape scale, it may not be feasible in intensive farming systems. Fil: Rollin, Orianne. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales, Agroecología y Desarrollo Rural - Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales, Agroecología y Desarrollo Rural; Argentina. Unité Mixte Technologique. Protection des Abeilles dans l’Environnement; Francia Fil: Pérez Méndez, Néstor. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales, Agroecología y Desarrollo Rural - Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales, Agroecología y Desarrollo Rural; Argentina. Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries; España Fil: Bretagnolle, Vincent. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Francia. Université de la Rochelle; Francia Fil: Henry, Mickaël. Unité Mixte Technologique. Protection des Abeilles dans l’Environnement; Francia. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique; Francia
Published: 2019
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28. Fine-scale genetic structure in a high dispersal capacity raptor, the Montagu’s harrier (Circus pygargus), revealed by a set of novel microsatellite loci

Author: Bertrand Gauffre, Damien Picard, Cécile Ribout, A Villers, Karine Monceau, S. Ruault, Vincent Bretagnolle, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), LTSER «Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sevre» [France], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR), Département de Biologie UFR Sciences - Université d'Angers [France], Université d'Angers (UA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CEBC / INRA, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Unité de recherche Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles (PSH)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Gene Flow, Male, Genetic Speciation, Population, Zoology, Plant Science, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Birds, 03 medical and health sciences, Circus pygargus, Circus cyaneus, Genetics, Animals, Raptor Spatial genetic structure, education, Microsatellites, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, education.field_of_study, [SDV.GEN.GPO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Polymorphism, Genetic, biology, Circus aeruginosus, Harrier, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, 030104 developmental biology, Insect Science, Genetic structure, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Microsatellite, Biological dispersal, Animal Science and Zoology, Philopatry, Female, Relatedness, Marsh harrier, Microsatellite Repeats
Abstract: International audience; The Montagu’s harrier (Circus pygargus) is a semi-colonial raptor species widely but patchily distributed across the Palearctic region with recorded cases of philopatry and presence of extra-pair copulation. In order to assess Montagu’s harrier spatial genetic structure and contemporary gene flow, we developed 16 new microsatellite markers using 454 pyrosequencing. Genotypes of 117 chicks sampled in a 200 × 300 km farmland area in Central Western France were analyzed to characterize genetic polymorphism at each locus and regional and fine-scale genetic structure. Fourteen markers were found polymorphic, with a number of alleles ranging from 3 to 11. The expected and observed heterozygosities ranged from 0.36 to 0.856 and from 0.35 to 0.868, respectively. A single genetic unit was found at the regional scale with higher genetic similarity observed at a small spatial scale (up to 10 km). Our results are consistent with overall large-scale juvenile and adult dispersal together with small-scale male philopatry. Cross-species amplification of this set of microsatellites makers has been successful in two closely related harrier species: the marsh harrier (Circus aeruginosus) and the Hen harrier (Circus cyaneus) for which 14 and 12 markers were polymorphic, respectively. These new microsatellite markers could be used to study the population genetic structure, contemporary gene flow and parentage analyses in these three species and to conduct microsatellite-based demographic inferences on the Montagu’s harrier.
Published: 2019
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29. A Nature-based solution in practice: ecological and economic modelling shows pollinators outperform agrochemicals in oilseed crop production

Author: Sabrina Gaba, Fabien Vialloux, Thomas Perrot, Vincent Bretagnolle, Rui Catarino, Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LTSER «Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sevre» [France], CEBC / INRA, INRA - CEBC, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR), and Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé [France] (USC 1339 INRA)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, Pollination, Ecology, Agrochemical, business.industry, Crop yield, 15. Life on land, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Gross margin, Crop, 03 medical and health sciences, Pollinator, Abundance (ecology), Agriculture, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, business, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract: AbstratNature-based agriculture, reducing dependency on chemical inputs, requires using ecological principles for sustainable agro-ecosystems, balancing ecology, economics and social justice. There is growing evidence that pollinator-dependent crops with high insect pollination service can give higher yields. However, the interacting effects between insect pollination and agricultural inputs on crop yields and farm economics remain to be established to reconcile food production with biodiversity conservation. We investigated the effects of insect pollination and agricultural inputs on oilseed rape (Brassica napusL.). We show that not only yield but also gross margins are 16-40% higher in fields with higher pollinator abundance than in fields with reduced pollinator abundance. This effect is however strongly reduced by pesticides use. Higher yields may be achieved by either increasing agrochemicals (reducing pests) or increasing bee abundance, but crop economic returns was only increased by the latter, because pesticides did not increase yields while their costs reduced gross margins.
Published: 2019
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30. On the relative importance of space and environment in farmland bird community assembly

Author: Vincent Bretagnolle, Laura Henckel, Vincent Devictor, Nicolas Mouquet, Christine N. Meynard, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), MontpellierSupAgro (MontpellierSupAgro), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), LTSER «Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sevre» [France], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR), ERA-Net BiodivERsA, French National Research Agency (ANR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Population Dynamics, Biodiversity, 01 natural sciences, Trees, Environmental Geography, Community Assembly, Animal biology, Multidisciplinary, Ecology, Community structure, Eukaryota, Agriculture, Plants, Habitats, Geography, Community Ecology, Habitat, Vertebrates, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Medicine, France, Research Article, Metacommunity, Farms, Science, Crops, 010603 evolutionary biology, Ecosystems, Birds, Species Specificity, Biologie animale, Animals, Ecosystem, Integrated geography, Community Structure, Stochastic Processes, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, 15. Life on land, Amniotes, Biological dispersal, Scale (map), Crop Science, Cereal Crops
Abstract: International audience; The relative contribution of ecological processes in shaping metacommunity dynamics inheavily managed landscapes is still unclear. Here we used two complementary approachesto disentangle the role of environment and spatial effect in farmland bird community assemblyin an intensive agro-ecosystem. We hypothesized that the interaction between habitatpatches and dispersal should play a major role in such unstable and unpredictable environments.First, we used a metacommunity patterns analysis to characterize species co-occurrencesand identify the main drivers of community assembly; secondly, variation partitioningwas used to disentangle environmental and geographical factors (such as dispersal limitation)on community structure and composition. We used high spatial resolution data on birdcommunity structure and composition distributed among 260 plots in an agricultural landscape.Species were partitioned into functional classes, and point count stations were classifiedaccording to landscape characteristics before applying metacommunity andpartitioning analyses within each. Overall we could explain around 20% of the variance inspecies composition in our system, revealing that stochasticity remains very important atthis scale. However, this proportion varies depending on the scale of analysis, and revealspotentially important contributions of environmental filtering and dispersal. These conclusionsare further reinforced when the analysis was deconstructed by bird functional classesor by landscape habitat classes, underlining trait-related filters, thus reinforcing the idea thatwooded areas in these agroecosystems may represent important sources for a specificgroup of bird species. Our analysis shows that deconstructing the species assemblages intoseparate functional groups and types of landscapes, along with a combination of analysisstrategies, can help in understanding the mechanisms driving community assembly.
Published: 2019
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31. Trade-offs in the provisioning and stability of ecosystem services in agroecosystems

Author: Vincent Bretagnolle, Michel Loreau, Bart Haegeman, Daniel Montoya, Claire de Mazancourt, Sabrina Gaba, Agroécologie [Dijon], Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de La Rochelle (ULR), Long-Term Socio Ecological Research Zone Atelier Alpes, Partenaires INRAE, EU, INRA, TULIP Laboratory of Excellence [ANR-10-LABX-41], ANR AGROBIOSE [ANR-13-AGRO-0001], ERANET ECODEAL, European Project: 666971,H2020,ERC-2014-ADG,BIOSTASES(2015), Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling, Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station [France], Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling, Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), INRA-CEBC, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, LTSER «Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sevre» [France], CEBC / INRA, Station d'écologie théorique et expérimentale (SETE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR: Labex TULIP,TULIP,ANR-10-LABX-0041, AgrobioSE ANR-13-AGRO-0001-03,AgrobioSE ANR-13-AGRO-0001-03, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR), Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé [France] (USC 1339 INRA), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-11-IDEX-0002,UNITI,Université Fédérale de Toulouse(2011), ANR-13-AGRO-0001,AGROBIOSE,Biodiversité et services écosystémiques en agro-écosystèmes céréaliers intensifs : utilisation des concepts de l'agro-écologie pour atteindre les objectifs ECOPHYTO 2018(2013), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)
Subjects: Crops, Agricultural, 0106 biological sciences, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, pollination, Pollination, Natural resource economics, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biodiversity, crop production, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Article, Ecosystem services, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Ecosystem, biodiversity, 2. Zero hunger, Food security, Ecology, Land use, business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Crop yield, Agriculture, Provisioning, 15. Life on land, stability, trade-offs, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Business, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, ecosystem services, agricultural systems
Abstract: International audience; Changes in land use generate trade-offs in the delivery of ecosystem services in agricultural landscapes. However, we know little about how the stability of ecosystem services responds to landscape composition, and what ecological mechanisms underlie these trade-offs. Here, we develop a model to investigate the dynamics of three ecosystem services in intensively managed agroecosystems, i.e., pollination-independent crop yield, crop pollination, and biodiversity. Our model reveals trade-offs and synergies imposed by landscape composition that affect not only the magnitude but also the stability of ecosystem service delivery. Trade-offs involving crop pollination are strongly affected by the degree to which crops depend on pollination and by their relative requirement for pollinator densities. We show conditions for crop production to increase with biodiversity and decreasing crop area, reconciling farmers' profitability and biodiversity conservation. Our results further suggest that, for pollination-dependent crops, management strategies that focus on maximizing yield will often overlook its stability. Given that agriculture has become more pollination-dependent over time, it is essential to understand the mechanisms driving these trade-offs to ensure food security.
Published: 2019
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32. Lipid content drives weed seed consumption by ground beetles ( Coleopterea, Carabidae ) within the smallest seeds

Author: François Bretagnolle, P Deroulers, Vincent Bretagnolle, Sabrina Gaba, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), INRA-CEBC, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), LTSER «Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sevre» [France], CEBC / INRA, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé [France] (USC 1339 INRA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, ANR AGROBIOSE [ANR-13-AGRO-0001], French Agence Nationale de la Recherche, Region Poitou-Charentes, and Conseil Departemental des Deux-Sevres
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, agroecology, Biological pest control, biological control, Plant Science, Trade-off, 01 natural sciences, Predation, Ground beetle, Predator, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, trade-off, biology, carabid beetles, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Weed control, seed mass, Agronomy, seed predation, Seed predation, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Weed, Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Seed predation by natural predators can contribute to the regulation of the weed seedbank, hence has been acknowledged as a promising way to significantly reduce the use of chemicals and mechanical weeding to manage arable weeds. However, the complex aspects that determine seed species preference are not yet fully understood, especially, the relationship between weed seed traits and the feeding behaviour of seed predator species. In this study, we examine predation on 42 weed species by four ground beetle species as a function of two major seed traits: seed mass and seed lipid content. We used an _original experimental design to create a statistically independent trait value distribution for evaluating the separate and interactive effects of these two traits. Our results show that all the ground beetles species consumed weed seeds, but at different rates. The smallest weed seeds with high lipid content were among the most consumed. While seed mass might be limiting for ground beetles, due to ease of handling or the thickness of the seed coat, they may preferentially consume seeds rich in lipids to increase energy uptake. To our knowledge, this study is the first to reveal that two major seed traits drive seed predation by ground beetles.
Published: 2019
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33. Neonicotinoid-induced mortality risk for bees foraging on oilseed rape nectar persists despite EU moratorium

Author: Jean Francois Odoux, Vincent Bretagnolle, Axel Decourtye, Mickaël Henry, Dimitry Wintermantel, Fabrice Allier, Abeilles, Paysages, Interactions et Systèmes de culture (APIS), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie et Nutritions NCS (EVA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), UMT PrADE, Institut Technique et Scientifique de l'Apiculture et de la Pollinisation (ITSAP-Institut de l'Abeille), Abeilles et Environnement (AE), LTSER Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sèvre, Article issu d'une thèse en co-financement Inra-Région Poitou-Charentes, Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), INRA UE APIS [Surgères, France], UE Entomologie (INRA), Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie et Nutritions (EVA), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), ACTA, Acta, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Avignon Université (AU)
Subjects: Insecticides, Environmental Engineering, Plant Nectar, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Nectar foraging, Foraging, 010501 environmental sciences, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Crop, Neonicotinoids, chemistry.chemical_compound, Imidacloprid, Animals, Neonicotinoid, Environmental Chemistry, Nectar, European Union, Waste Management and Disposal, foraging bees, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Brassica napus, fungi, oilseed rape nectar, risk assessment, food and beverages, Bees, imidacloprid, Nitro Compounds, Soil type, Pollution, Environmental Policy, Agronomy, chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, environmental fate
Abstract: International audience; The implication of neonicotinoids in bee declines led in 2013 to an EU moratorium on three neonicotinoids in bee-attractive crops. However, neonicotinoids are frequently detected in wild flowers or untreated crops suggesting that neonicotinoids applied to cereals can spread into the environment and harm bees. Therefore, we quantified neonicotinoid residues in nectar from winter-sown oilseed rape in western France collected within the five years under the EU moratorium. We detected all three restricted neonicotinoids. Imidacloprid was detected in all years with no clear declining trend but a strong inter- and intra-annual variation and maximum concentrations exceeding reported concentrations in treated crops. No relation to non-organic winter-sown cereals was identified even though these were the only crops treated with imidacloprid, but residue levels depended on soil type and increased with rainfall. Simulating acute and chronic mortality suggests a considerable risk for nectar foraging bees. We conclude that persistent imidacloprid soil residues diffuse on a large-scale in the environment and substantially contaminate a major mass-flowering crop. Despite the limitations of case-studies and risk simulations, our findings provide additional support to the recent extension of the moratorium to a permanent ban in all outdoor crops.
Published: 2020
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34. The effects of the identity of the experimenters on the behavioural response of Montagu’s harrier chicks during field monitoring

Author: Juliette Rabdeau, Isabelle Badenhausser, Jérôme Moreau, Vincent Bretagnolle, Karine Monceau, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire (ICR), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Zone Atelier Plaine et Val de Sèvre [LTSER France], Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and LTSER Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sèvre
Subjects: Biodiversity and Ecology, rapace, réponse comportementale, expérimentateur, Biodiversité et Ecologie, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, réponse physiologique, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: Proceeding mal numéroté, la page indiquée dans cette notice est la page du fichier pdf.; National audience
Published: 2018

35. Crop competition in winter wheat has a higher potential than farming practices to regulate weeds

Author: Gaba, Sabrina, Caneill, Jacques, Nicolardot, Bernard, Perronne, Rémi, Bretagnolle, Vincent, Agroécologie [Dijon], Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), LTSER «Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sevre» [France], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial - UMR (UREP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), and LTSER Zone Atelier Alpes
Subjects: azote, dynamique des communautés, Plant population and community dynamics, agroécologie, régulation biologique, dynamique des populations et des communautés végétales, interactions plantes-plantes, diversité des espèces, contrôle des mauvaises herbes, Nitrogen, Biodiversité et Ecologie, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], fungi, [SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, food and beverages, Biological regulation, respiratory system, Agroécologie, Weed control, Biodiversity and Ecology, dynamique des populations, Plant-plant interactions, Agroecology, Dominance, Species diversity
Abstract: International audience; Management of biotic interactions has been recognized as a potential substitute for costly agrochemical inputs. Competition is one of the most important biotic interactions known to regulate populations and govern species assemblages. However, although theoretical and empirical work has been produced on competition, in situ experimental evidence is much scantier, mainly because of the difficulty of manipulating competition in the field. Arable weeds offer an outstanding opportunity to meet this challenge, because of the relative ease of in situ experimental manipulation and because of the urgent need to find sustainable weed management strategies. Here, we assess the importance of crop competition and two main conventional farming practices (N fertilizer and weed control) on weed species richness, abundance, and biomass. We set up an experiment with a design with two factors, presence/absence of crops and presence/absence of N fertilizer and weed control, in working farm fields with winter cereals as the target crop. We found that the crop competition reduced weed biomass production by almost 65%, as a result of the crop's competitive advantage from its greater ability to take up N, while the effect on weed species richness was less important. Our results also show that the effect of crop competition on the weed assemblage was much stronger than the effect of N fertilizer and weed control. The decrease in weed abundance and biomass mainly resulted from a strong effect of the crop on the dominant species, while the abundance of intermediate species tended to be much less affected, a result consistent with studies in grasslands where the removal of the dominant species provides a competitive release for subordinate ones. Our results further give experimental support for crop competition as a way to reduce costly agricultural inputs for weed control. Conducting experiments with farmers in their field is a valuable approach to generate knowledge for the future delivery of sustainable management.
Published: 2018
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36. Bees increase oilseed rape yield under real field conditions

Author: Jean-Luc Gautier, Vincent Bretagnolle, Maryline Roncoroni, Sabrina Gaba, Thomas Perrot, Agroécologie [Dijon], Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), LTSER «Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sevre» [France], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), and LTSER Zone Atelier Alpes
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Pollination, Honeybee, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Lasioglossum, Abundance (ecology), Pollinator, Self-pollination, Ecosystem services, Hoverfly, Bumblebee, 2. Zero hunger, Ecology, biology, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Agronomy, Anemophily, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Animal Science and Zoology, Agronomy and Crop Science, Agroecology
Abstract: prod 2018-210 EA GESTAD INRA; International audience; Oilseed rape (OSR, Brassica napus L.) is a common crop found in many European agricultural landscapes. It ispollinated by a wide variety of insects, but the reported contribution of pollinators to yield varies widely betweenstudies (from 0 to 50%). Moreover, such a contribution has seldom been estimated at the field scale in realfarming conditions. We analysed OSR yields in response to insect pollination; over four years, at two differentscales: farm fields and individual plants. We used both empirical and experimental approaches along a gradientof pollinator diversity and abundance. The empirical approach was based on farm surveys (151 fields) while theexperimental approach used various pollination exclusion methods (570 plants in 101 fields) to estimate therelative contributions of insect, wind, and self-pollination. The OSR yields were positively correlated to total beeabundance and bee genera diversity, through improved fruiting success and plant seed mass (after adjusting forplant biomass). Hoverfly diversity and abundance, and bumblebee abundance did not have any effect. The mainOSR pollinators in our study were honeybees (Apis mellifera) and wild bees (Lasioglossum spp.). Yields wereincreased, on average, by up to 37.5% (27.7% – 47.5%) at field scale when bee genera diversity increased from asingle genus to more than 10 genera (pan-trap data). Insect pollination contributed about 30% of plant yield.Self-pollination and wind pollination accounted for the remaining 70%, with self-pollination being the majorcontributor. Our study demonstrates that pollinator diversity and abundance, at least at very high levels, have amajor effect on OSR yields. This suggests that establishing a monetary value for pollination services in OSRfarming systems could be used to balance the cost of managing semi-natural habitats or meadows to maintainbees and other pollinators.
Published: 2018
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37. Geographical generality of bird-habitat relationships depends on species traits

Author: Vincent Bretagnolle, Sébastien Bonthoux, Steve Augiron, Jacques Baudry, Gérard Balent, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Centre Val de Loire (INSA CVL), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Dynamiques Forestières dans l'Espace Rural (DYNAFOR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, LTER Vallées et Coteaux de Gascogne, GeolinkX, Cote-Rousse, Chambéry, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Domaine expérimental de Saint-Laurent-de-la-Prée (ST LAURENT DE LA PREE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), LTER Zone Atelier Armorique, Rennes, LTSER «Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sevre» [France], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Centre d'études biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), INRA SAD, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LTER Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sèvre, Villiers en Bois, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 2. Zero hunger, model generality, Generality, business.industry, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Distribution (economics), Woodland, 15. Life on land, Biology, Generalist and specialist species, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Habitat, traits, land cover, Agriculture, birds, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Trait, Species richness, business, species-habitat relationship, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: Aim: The environmental filtering process is often considered as static in ecological studies. However, growing evidence shows that species-environment relationships vary in space and time. In this study, we assessed to what extent bird responses to landscape components can be geographically generalised and whether differences in response generality can be explained by traits. Location: France. Methods: We collected a large bird data set (1968 point counts over two years) with a standardised protocol in three agricultural regions with different levels of intensification in France. We modelled the relationships between the distribution of 26 bird species and three landscape components (percentage of woodland, hedgerow density and landscape heterogeneity) and assessed whether differences between regions in bird responses to landscape components (i.e., landscape-region interactions) can be explained by three species traits (habitat specialisation, diet and migration strategy). We also examined the response of total species richness. Results: We found that 16 species showed regional differences in their response at least for one of the three landscape variables. Importance of landscape-region interactions was significantly correlated with two species traits. Responses of specialist species to landscape components were geographically more constant than those of generalists. The geographical variability of responses was higher for migrants than for sedentary species. There were no significant relationships for the diet trait. Species richness responded positively to the three landscape metrics in a similar way in the three regions. Main conclusions: The results underline the need to take into account the spatial differences between species responses to habitats according to their traits when modelling species-habitat relationships at large scales. From a conservation point of view, we suggest that conservation measures could be generalised at a large scale for specialist species which are declining in agricultural landscapes.
Published: 2017
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38. The carry-over effects of pollen shortage decrease the survival of honeybee colonies in farmlands

Author: Mickaël Henry, Vincent Bretagnolle, Jean-François Odoux, Fabrice Requier, UMT Protection des Abeilles dans l'Environnement, Entomologie (ENTOMOLOGIE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Abeilles et Environnement (AE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), UMT PrADE, LTSER «Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sevre» [France], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR), CASDAR, POLINOV, Région Poitou-Charentes, Progr. Commun. Apicole FEAGA projet RISQAPI project, and ANR AGROBIOSPHERE AGROBIOSE
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Beekeeping, Otras Ciencias Biológicas, Adult population, life-history strategy, Economic shortage, medicine.disease_cause, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Life history theory, agricultural landscapes, Ciencias Biológicas, Pollen, medicine, Mite, honeybee colony losses, CARRY-OVER EFFECTS, floral resource scarcity, HONEYBEE COLONY LOSSES, 2. Zero hunger, Ecology, biology, fungi, POLLEN, APIS MELLIFERA, TRADE-OFFS, food and beverages, FLORAL RESOURCE SCARCITY, Varroa mite, biology.organism_classification, Brood, 010602 entomology, LIFE-HISTORY STRATEGY, carry-over effects, trade-offs, Agronomy, pollen, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Varroa, AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPES, Apis mellifera, VARROA MITE, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS
Abstract: Many studies have reported honeybee colony losses in human-dominated landscapes. While bee floral food resources have been drastically reduced over past decades in human-dominated landscapes, no field study has yet been undertaken to determine whether there is a carry-over effect between seasonal disruption in floral resource availability and high colony losses. We investigated if a decline in the harvest of pollen by honeybees in spring affected managed honeybee colony dynamics (brood size, adult population and honey reserves) and health (Varroa mite loads and colony survival) throughout the beekeeping season. A decline in pollen harvest was associated with a direct reduction in brood production, leading to a negative effect on the adult population size later in the season, and lower honey reserves before the onset of winter. Furthermore, the decline in pollen harvest negatively impacted the health of the colony, resulting in higher Varroa mite loads and higher seasonal and winter colony losses. Early-warning signs of these carry-over effects were identified, showing that preferential investment in honey reserves instead of brood production early in the season increased the decline in pollen harvest and its associated carry-over effects. Synthesis and applications. The results suggest that the decline in pollen harvest may have been overlooked as a cause of pollen shortage and associated bee colony losses. Strategies to avoid such losses in intensive farmland systems include (i) limiting or avoiding honey harvests in spring, (ii) monitoring colonies for early-warning signals of colony failure and (iii) increasing the amount of floral resources available through wise land-use management. Fil: Requier, Fabrice. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Université de La Rochelle; Francia. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique; Francia. UMT Protection des Abeilles dans l'Environnement; Francia Fil: Odoux, Jean-François. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique; Francia Fil: Henry, Mickaël. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique; Francia. UMT Protection des Abeilles dans l'Environnement; Francia Fil: Bretagnolle, Vincent. Université de La Rochelle; Francia. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Francia
Published: 2017
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39. A circannual perspective on daily and total flight distances in a long-distance migratory raptor, the Montagu’s harrier, Circus pygargus

Author: Christiaan Both, Almut E. Schlaich, Raymond H. G. Klaassen, Henning Heldbjerg, Iben H. Sørensen, Willem Bouten, Vincent Bretagnolle, Alexandre Villers, Conservation Ecology Group, University of Groningen [Groningen]-Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR), Dutch Montagu’s Harrier Foundation, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), LTER Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sèvre, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), LTSER «Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sevre» [France], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Danish Nature Agency (Vildtstribeprojektet) NST-304-00068, Both group, Theoretical and Computational Ecology (IBED, FNWI), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Male, total annual distance, Denmark, Zoology, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 010605 ornithology, TRAVEL DISTANCE, TRACKING, bird of prey, Circus pygargus, Seasonal breeder, Animals, Falconiformes, Flight distance, Netherlands, MIGRANTS, ANNUAL CYCLE, Ecology, Bird of prey, Annual cycle, biology.organism_classification, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), long-distance migration, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, WINTER, Animal Migration, Female, France, SCALES, Montagu's harrier, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, annual routine
Abstract: Long-distance migrants are particularly recognized for the distances covered on migration, yet little is known about the distances they cover during the rest of the year. GPS-tracks of 29 Montagu's harriers from breeding areas in France, The Netherlands and Denmark showed that harriers fly between 35 653 and 88 049 km yr −1 , of which on average only 28.5% is on migration. Mean daily distances during migration were 296 km d −1 in autumn and 252 km d −1 in spring. Surprisingly, males' daily distances during breeding (217 km d −1 ) were close to those during migration, whereas breeding females moved significantly less (101 km d −1 ) than males. In terms of flight distance, the breeding season seemed nearly as demanding as migration periods for males. During the six winter months, both sexes moved less (114 and 128 km d −1 for females and males, respectively) than during migration. Harriers therefore covered shorter daily distances during winter which might allow birds to compensate for the more demanding phases of migration and breeding.
Published: 2017
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40. L’effet de l’agriculture biologique sur les colonies d’abeilles domestiques

Author: Wintermantel, Dimitry, Odoux, Jean Francois, Bretagnolle, Vincent, Entomologie (ENTOMOLOGIE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de La Rochelle (ULR), LTER Zone atelier Plaine et Val de Sèvre, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Région Poitou-Charentes, Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), LTSER «Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sevre» [France], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR), Institut Technique et Scientifique de l'Apiculture et de la Pollinisation (ITSAP-Institut de l'Abeille). Paris, FRA., and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)
Subjects: [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, honeybees, étude d'impact, agriculture biologique, écologie de l'abeille, performances des colonies d'abeilles, système de culture, disette alimentaire, organic farming, honeybee ecology, colonies performances, agricultural management, dearth period, Biodiversité et Ecologie, Agricultural sciences, Biodiversity and Ecology, colonie d'abeilles, agricultural landscape, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Sciences agricoles, abeille domestique, paysage agricole
Abstract: L'agriculture moderne est impliquée dans la baisse de la biodiversité et des pollinisateurs. Il a été montré que l'agriculture biologique augmente le nombre d’espèces dans l’environnement. Il est également bien établi que les insectes pollinisateurs et les abeilles sauvages en particulier, bénéficient largement de l'agriculture biologique, dont plusieurs aspects pourraient leur être bénéfiques. A ce titre, les abeilles mellifères par exemple, pourraient bénéficier de l'absence de pesticides synthétiques, épargnées par les empoisonnements mais aussi bénéficiant de l'augmentation de la diversité et la densité des adventices des plantes cultivées. Les différences de choix des cultures et la quantité d'éléments semi-naturels pourraient également être responsables de variations de performances dans les populations d’abeilles. Toutefois, le bénéfice de l’agriculture biologique sur l’abeille mellifère, le plus important pollinisateur des cultures, n’est pas encore très clair.. Elles peuvent réagir différemment des abeilles sauvages en raison de leur comportement alimentaire distinct. Les abeilles mellifères se nourrissent sur de plus grandes distances et emmagasinent de plus grandes réserves de nourriture dans leurs ruches, ca qui peut aussi les rendre moins vulnérables aux pénuries spatiales et temporelles dans la disponibilité des fleurs. Contrairement aux abeilles sauvages, les abeilles butinent aussi plus intensément dans les cultures oléagineuses, lesquelles sont justement moins cultivées dans les systèmes de culture biologique. Néanmoins, les abeilles visitent également une grande variété de fleurs, en particulier pendant la période de disette entre la floraison de colza et de tournesol. A ce moment où les demandes de pollen sont maximales pendant que les ressources sont minimes, les colonies pourraient bénéficier de ressources florales plus abondantes et plus régulières dans les champs en culture biologique. Afin d'identifier les effets de la pratique de l'agriculture sur les colonies d'abeilles, nous avons suivi les performances de colonies et l’assolement autour des ruches. Depuis 2008, 50 colonies ont été placés chaque année dans 10 emplacements différents au sein d'un grand site de recherche au long terme de 450 km2, dont l’assolement général et les localisations des parcelles biologiques ont été enregistrées chaque année. Les réserves alimentaires, la production de couvain et la taille de la population adulte de ces colonies ont été documentées toutes les deux semaines pendant la saison apicole. Cela nous a permis d'évaluer, (i) comment les colonies d’abeilles répondent à l'agriculture biologique, (ii) à quelle échelle spatiale les réponses sont les plus fortes, et (iii) quelle est la proportion de champs en culture biologiques dans le paysage nécessaire pour observer un effet sur les performances des colonies d'abeilles. Nous avons effectivement observé des effets positifs de l'agriculture biologique au cours de la période de disette. A cette époque, les réserves de miel en particulier étaient plus importantes dans les colonies à proximité de cultures biologiques . Cette association positive peut être vérifiée à différentes échelles spatiales, mais est plus fortement visible au-delà de 2000m., Modern farming has been implicated in both biodiversity losses and pollinator declines. Organic farming was shown to increase species richness. It is well established that insect pollinators, such as wild bees, benefit largely from organic farming. Several aspects of organic farming might be beneficial to bees. For instance, bees might benefit from the ban of synthetic pesticides through fewer poisonings and through increased and continuous weed diversity. Differences in crop choice and the amount of semi-natural elements might also be responsible for differences in bee population performances. However it remains unclear whether the most important crop pollinator – the European honeybee – profits from organic farming. Honeybees may respond differently to organic farming due to their distinct foraging behavior. They forage over larger distances and keep larger food reserves in their hives. This may make them less susceptible to spatial and temporal shortages in flower availability. In contrast to wild bees, honeybees forage also more intensively on mass-flowering oilseed crops that are not commonly grown in organic farmland. Nevertheless, honeybees also depend on a wide variety of flowers. In particular during the critical dearth period between the blooms of rapeseed and sunflower, where pollen demands are maximal while resources are minimal, honeybees may benefit from more abundant floral resources in organic farmland. In order to identify effects of the farming practice on honeybee colonies, we monitored both the performance of colonies and the land use in their surroundings. Since 2008, 50 colonies were placed each year in 10 different locations within a 450 km2 large Long Term Research site of which the land cover and the agricultural management practice was recorded twice per year. Food reserves, brood production and adult population size of these colonies, were recorded every two weeks during the beekeeping season. This enabled us to assess, (i) how honeybee colonies respond to organic farming, (ii) at what spatial scale responses are the greatest and (iii) what proportion of organic farmland in the landscape is required to observe an effect on honeybee colony performance. We observed positive effects of organic farming during the dearth period. At this period, particularly the honey reserves were larger in colonies exposed to organic farmland. This positive association could be seen at various spatial scales, but most strongly at a large one (>2000 m).
Published: 2017

41. Individual variation in behavioural responsiveness to humans leads to differences in breeding success and long-term population phenotypic changes

Author: Beatriz Arroyo, François Mougeot, Vincent Bretagnolle, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR), Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), LTER Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sèvre, Ministerio de Educación y Cultura (España), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), LTSER «Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sevre» [France], and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Phenotypic change, Plasticity, media_common.quotation_subject, Population, Long-term studies, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Nesting Behavior, 03 medical and health sciences, Risk-Taking, Nest, Fitness, medicine, Boldness, Animals, Shyness, education, boldness, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Falconiformes, media_common, education.field_of_study, long-term studies, biology, Behavior, Animal, Directional selection, Ecology, Aggression, Reproduction, Harrier, Montagu′s harrier, Montagu's harrier, biology.organism_classification, 030104 developmental biology, Variation (linguistics), Disturbance (ecology), personality, ﬁtness, plasticity, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Female, France, medicine.symptom, phenotypic change, Personality
Abstract: Whether human disturbance can lead to directional selection and phenotypic change in behaviour in species with limited behavioural plasticity is poorly understood in wild animal populations. Using a 19-year study on Montagu′s harrier, we report a long-term increase in boldness towards humans during nest visits. The probability of females fleeing or being passive during nest visits decreased, while defence intensity steadily increased over the study period. These behavioural responses towards humans were significantly repeatable. The phenotypic composition of the breeding population changed throughout the study period (4–5 harrier generations), with a gradual disappearance of shy individuals, leading to a greater proportion of bolder ones and a more behaviourally homogeneous population. We further show that nest visit frequency increased nest failure probability and reduced productivity of shy females, but not of bold ones. Long-term research or conservation programmes needing nest visits can therefore lead to subtle but relevant population compositional changes that require further attention., This paper contributes to a Mobility Grant (Salvador de Madariaga call, funded by the Spanish Ministry of Education and Culture) to BA.
Published: 2017
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42. Land use legacy on functional trait diversity across trophic levels

Author: Le Provost, Gaëtane, Henckel, Laura, Le Bagousse-Pinguet, Yoann, Violle, Cyrille, Badenhausser, Isabelle, Gross, Nicolas, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), LTSER «Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sevre» [France], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR), Universidad Rey Juan Carlos [Madrid] (URJC), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)
Subjects: Biodiversity and Ecology, héritage, Biodiversité et Ecologie, trait fonctionnel, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, niveau trophique
Abstract: National audience
Published: 2016

43. Honeybee and wild bee foraging ecology in open field agroecosystems

Author: Henry, Mickael, Odoux, Jean Francois, Alaux, C., Aupinel, Pierrick, Bretagnolle, Anne, Di Pasquale, Garance, Requier, Fabrice, Rollin, Orianne, Decourtye, Axel, Abeilles et Environnement (AE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Avignon Université (AU), UMT PrADE, Entomologie (ENTOMOLOGIE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR), Université de La Rochelle (ULR), LTER Zone atelier Plaine et Val de Sèvre, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad Nacional de Río Negro (UNRN), Association de Coordination Technique Agricole (ACTA), Institut Technique et Scientifique de l'Apiculture et de la Pollinisation (ITSAP-Institut de l'Abeille), CAS DAR (projet POLINOV), fonds européens FEAGA (projet RISQAPI), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), LTSER «Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sevre» [France], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR), and TOULOUMET, Line
Subjects: [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, honeybees, alimentation animale, Otras Ciencias Biológicas, Biodiversité et Ecologie, Colza, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], Ciencias Biológicas, Biodiversity and Ecology, Apis mellifera, Apoidés, Physiologie de la nutrition, Pollen, Tournesol, Physiological nutrition, [SDV.EE.ECO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, ressource alimentaire, grande culture, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6 [https], abeille domestique, paysage agricole, field crop, Apoidae, Physiologie de la Nutrition, abeille sauvage, Agricultural sciences, Sunflower, food supply, disponibilité alimentaire, agricultural landscape, [SDV.BA.ZI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, animal feeding, food surplus, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Oilseed rape, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, Sciences agricoles
Abstract: Durant les 50 dernières années, l’intensification agricole a profondément modifié la physionomie des paysages en Europe. Pour satisfaire les demandes croissantes des populations humaines, les systèmes de grandes cultures produisent aujourd’hui des céréales, maïs et autres oléagineux sur des surfaces de plus en plus étendues, au détriment de la diversité des variétés culturales locales et des habitats semi-naturels comme les prairies et réseaux bocagers. Comme beaucoup d’autres organismes, les abeilles sont affectées par ces changements environnementaux. Bien que les cultures à floraison massive, telles que le colza ou le tournesol, offrent des ressources florales très abondantes pour les abeilles, leur floraison reste temporaire et limitée dans le temps. En conséquence, les apiculteurs ont désormais recours à des transhumances et au nourrissage artificiel pour faire face aux périodes de disette saisonnière récurrentes dans ces zones de grandes cultures. En outre, la diversité des abeilles sauvages est érodée et l’efficacité des mesures de compensation agro-environnementales destinées à semer des mélanges floraux reste à démontrer. Nous proposons ici une revue des travaux de recherche récents entrepris par l’UMT PrADE pour documenter l’écologie de l’alimentation des abeilles et caractériser leurs interactions avec les surfaces cultivées et naturelles dans un système de grandes cultures., Honeybee and wild bee foraging ecology in open field agroecosystems Over the past 50 years, agricultural intensification has led to drastic changes in land cover structure and composition in Europe. To meet the increasing demands of human populations, modern open field crop systems have increased the amount and size of cereal, maize and oilseed crop fields at the expense of the diversity of local crop varieties and of semi-natural habitats like pastures, hedgerows and forested areas. Like many other organisms, bees are affected by those environmental changes. Although the socalled mass-flowering crops such as oilseed rape and sunflower provide bees with locally abundant and attractive floral resources, their blooming only covers short periods of time. Professional beekeepers now have to cope with recurrent seasonal food shortage periods, and resort to transhumance and artificial feeding to limit honeybee colony losses. In the meantime, non-managed wild bee species are threatened, and many doubts persist about the effectiveness of floral resource enhancements as agroenvironmental schemes to protect their diversity. We provide here a review of the recent research carried out by the UMT PrADE to document the bee foraging ecology and their interactions with cropped and natural areas in an open field agrosystem.
Published: 2016
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44. RPG Explorer: A new tool to ease the analysis of agricultural landscape dynamics with the Land Parcel Identification System

Author: O. Scheurer, V. Bretagnolle, N. Piskiewicz, Florent Levavasseur, Philippe Martin, Olivier Therond, Aude Barbottin, Clémence Bouty, Systèmes Agraires Développement : Activités, Produits, Territoires (SADAPT), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Agronomique Paris-Grignon (INA P-G), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Sciences pour l'Action et le Développement : Activités, Produits, Territoires (SADAPT), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR), LTER ‘‘Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sèvre', Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement (LAE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), INRA - UMR 1248 AGIR, AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut Polytechnique LaSalle Beauvais, Société Nicolas Piskiewicz, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), LTSER «Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sevre» [France], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées
Subjects: Geographic information system, Rotation, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Drainage basin, 02 engineering and technology, Agricultural engineering, Horticulture, Crop, media_common.cataloged_instance, European union, media_common, 2. Zero hunger, geography.geographical_feature_category, Land Parcel Identification System, Agricultural landscape, business.industry, 021107 urban & regional planning, Forestry, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Crop rotation, GIS, Field (geography), Computer Science Applications, Geography, Agriculture, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Monoculture, business, Agronomy and Crop Science, Farm cropping area, Crop proportions
Abstract: In the early 2000s a Land Parcel Identification System (LPIS) was set up by each member state of the European Union, to manage agricultural subsidies. These databases describe field geometry and landcover, and provide information on farm characteristics. LPIS data could therefore be used to describe agricultural landscape dynamics, but are seldom put to this purpose by scientists and local stakeholders because it requires the use of GIS software and programming skills. The objective of this paper is thus to present RPG Explorer, a new tool that we developed to analyze agricultural landscape dynamics with LPIS data. RPG Explorer doesn’t require any specific skills in GIS and programming allowing non specialist to deal with complex data. RPG Explorer includes a first module which computes the changes in crop proportions and farm characteristics (numbers of farm, farm area, farm type). A second module computes crop sequences on each farmer block of LPIS data. We also included a crop rotation model in a third module. We illustrated the use of RPG Explorer for two example neighboring catchments located in western France, the Vivier catchment (16,000 ha) and the Courance catchment (15,000 ha). For example, RPG Explorer easily revealed the evolution of crop proportions, such as the increase of temporary grasslands in the Courance catchment (from 7.2% of the Utilized Agricultural Area (UAA) in 2007 to 11.7% in 2013). The number of farms was also shown to vary a lot: from 230 in 2007 to 207 in 2013 for the Vivier catchment, with a subsequent increase of their mean UAA (from 101 ha to 119 ha). RPG Explorer also showed that more than half of the Vivier catchment UAA (59%) was occupied by only 50 farms in 2013. Concerning crop sequences, the sunflower → winter wheat sequence was the most frequent 2-year sequence in both catchments, but some differences appeared with for example, a higher proportion of winter wheat → winter wheat sequence in the Courance catchment (7.2% against 3.6%). Crop rotation modeling indicated that the rapeseed → winter wheat → sunflower → winter wheat, sunflower → winter wheat and maize monoculture were the three main crop rotations. Finally, these examples illustrate well the ability for scientist and local stakeholders to easily describe some major agricultural landscape dynamics with RPG Explorer.
Published: 2016
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45. Effets des pesticides sur le vol de retour des butineuses à la ruche : une épopée scientifique motivée par la controverse

Author: Decourtye, Axel, Cerrutti, N., Bretagnolle, Vincent, Odoux, Jean Francois, Aupinel, Pierrick, Henry, Mickaël, Institut Technique et Scientifique de l'Apiculture et de la Pollinisation (ITSAP-Institut de l'Abeille), Association de Coordination Technique Agricole (ACTA), UMT PrADE, Terres Inovia, Université de La Rochelle (ULR), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), LTSER «Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sevre» [France], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR), Entomologie (ENTOMOLOGIE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Abeilles et Environnement (AE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Avignon Université (AU), FEAGA TECHNBEE, FEAGA RISQAPI, TOULOUMET, Line, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR), LTER Zone atelier Plaine et Val de Sèvre, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: effet subletal, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, [SDV.BA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, néonicotinoïdes, Biodiversité et Ecologie, sublethal effects, scientific controversy, néonicotinoïde, Biodiversity and Ecology, foraging, activité de vol, apis mellifera, forager, domestic honeybee, abeille domestique, rfid, radio frequency identification, RFID, butinage, neonicotinoids, controverse scientifique, neonicotinoid, insecticide, thiamethoxam, Agricultural sciences, [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, butineuse, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Sciences agricoles
Abstract: En 2012, l’UMT PrADE a publié une étude dans laquelle le vol de retour à la ruche de 650 butineuses marquées d'une micropuce électronique RFID a été enregistré, et dont certaines ont été expérimentalement exposées à une faible dose de thiaméthoxam (la substance active des pesticides Cruiser® et Cruiser OSR®) utilisé en protection des cultures. Cette molécule, même administrée à une faible dose n’entraînant pas d’effet direct sur la survie, provoque la disparition des butineuses. En conditions habituelles de butinage, ce phénomène peut aboutir à un taux de mortalité deux à trois fois supérieur chez les butineuses intoxiquées. Il s’ensuivit des controverses sur l’approche scientifique (réalisme des doses, prédiction des effets sur la colonie par un modèle) et sur l’interprétation des résultats (généricité des effets) qui a motivé la réalisation d’une série de travaux pour tenter de les lever une à une. Cette épopée nous a amené à combler de nombreuses lacunes de connaissances sur la modulation des effets toxiques selon le contexte paysager, climatique ou sanitaire des abeilles. Toujours grâce au dispositif RFID, nous avons confirmé pour la première fois l’impact d’un insecticide néonicotinoïde sur la survie des ouvrières en conditions réelles d’exposition au champ., In 2012, colleagues of UMT PrADE tagged 650 free-ranging honeybees with tiny radio-frequency identification (RFID), microships that were glued to each bee’s thorax. This device allowed the researchers to track the bees as they came and went from their hives after an oral exposure to sublethal dose of the insecticide thiamethoxam (active ingredient of Cruiser® and Cruiser OSR®). Compared to the non-exposed bees, the treated bees were about two to three times more likely to die while away from their nests. This study was related to controversy as regards the scientific methodology (fieldrealistic doses, predictive model for colonial effects) and the generalization of results in real conditions. This controversy was a true motivation for our scientific investigation to address the lack of knowledge on the modulation of insecticide effects according to landscape, weather or sanitary status of bees. Using also the RFID device, we confirmed that field exposure to neonicotinoid accelerated the disappearance of bees.
Published: 2016
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46. Experimental assessment of insect pollination on rape seed yield in real field conditions demonstrates positive effect of wild bees

Author: Perrot, Thomas, Gaba, Sabrina, Gauthier, Jean-Luc, Roncoroni, Marylin, Saintilan, Alexis, Fanjas-Mercere, Thierry, Stoquert, Anthony, Bretagnolle, Vincent, Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Agroécologie [Dijon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ), LTER 'Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sèvre', Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), LTSER «Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sevre» [France], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Société Française d'Ecologie (SFE). FRA.
Subjects: pollination, oilseed rape, pollinator diversity, yield, pollinator exclusion, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]
Abstract: EAGESTADCT1; Pollination is an ecosystem service on which humans depends through its link to food production; 35% of global crop production depends on insect pollination. Some crops, e.g. oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.), are pollinated by a broad range of insects such as by honeybees, wild bees, and hoverflies. According to experimental studies, oilseeds rape production can be increased by 10-50% by insect pollination, however these studies have generally been realized in greenhouse conditions, ignoring the effects of farming management and landscape on crop production and insect communities. Moreover, no consensus on the part of insect pollination on oilseed rape yield nor on the relative contribution of insect pollinator species have yet been achieved. Here, we quantified the contribution of insect pollination on oilseed rape production in real farmers' fields. We selected 352 oilseed rape plants in 73 fields in 3 consecutive years along a gradient of landscape diversity. On each plant, we quantified seed mass on one control branch and one branch where pollinators were excluded using bags. Abundance of pollinator species in landscape are quantified by pan-traps. We show that the removal of all insects can decrease oilseed rape yield by 46% (+/- 10%). Neither pollinator richness nor abundance had any effect on oilseed rape production, but some wild bees, e.g. Halictus sp, had positive and significant effect with up to 30% increase in the seeds production. This study confirms the crucial role of insect pollination in crop production and the importance of maintaining pollinator diversity in farmlands.
Published: 2016

47. Honey bee diet in intensive farmland habitats reveals an unexpectedly high flower richness and a major role of weeds

Author: Vincent Bretagnolle, Thierry Tamic, Mickaël Henry, Jean-François Odoux, Nathalie Moreau, Axel Decourtye, Fabrice Requier, UE 1255 Unité expérimentale Entomologie, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Santé des plantes et environnement (S.P.E.)-Unité expérimentale Entomologie (ENTOMOLOGIE), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR), Elevage Alternatif et Santé des Monogastriques (UE EASM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Abeilles et Environnement (AE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Avignon Université (AU), UMT Protection des Abeilles dans l'Environnement, Association de Coordination Technique Agricole (ACTA), Institut Technique et Scientifique de l'Apiculture et de la Pollinisation (ITSAP-Institut de l'Abeille), LTER Zone Atelier Plaine et Val de Sèvre, Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CASDAR-Programme 9535-POLINOV, Région Poitou-Charentes, Entomologie (ENTOMOLOGIE), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), LTSER «Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sevre» [France], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: biodiversité végétale, Pollen source, Beekeeping, flore sauvage, Time Factors, Pollination, Plant Nectar, Biodiversité et Ecologie, deux sèvres, Plant Weeds, Flowers, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Biodiversity and Ecology, apis mellifera, agri-environmental schemes, Pollinator, Pollen, medicine, Nectar, ressource alimentaire, Animals, apis mellifera L, Ecosystem, paysage agricole, 2. Zero hunger, Ecology, préservation de l'environnement, nectar, honey reserves, Agriculture, Honey bee, 15. Life on land, Bees, floral resources, palynological identification, Diet, pollinisation entomophile, long-terme monitoring, agricultural landscape, pollen collections, Species richness, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, pollen quality
Abstract: In intensive farmland habitats, pollination of wild flowers and crops may be threatened by the widespread decline of pollinators. The honey bee decline, in particular, appears to result from the combination of multiple stresses, including diseases, pathogens, and pesticides. The reduction of semi-natural habitats is also suspected to entail floral resource scarcity for bees. Yet, the seasonal dynamics and composition of the honey bee diet remains poorly documented to date. In this study, we studied the seasonal contribution of mass-flowering crops (rapeseed and sunflower) vs. other floral resources, as well as the influence of nutritional quality and landscape composition on pollen diet composition over five consecutive years. From April to October, the mass of pollen and nectar collected by honey bees followed a bimodal seasonal trend, marked by a two-month period of low food supply between the two oilseed crop mass-flowerings (ending in May for rapeseed and July for sunflower). Bees collected nectar mainly from crops while pollen came from a wide diversity of herbaceous and woody plant species in semi-natural habitats or from weeds in crops. Weed species constituted the bulk of the honey bee diet between the mass flowering crop periods (up to 40%) and are therefore suspected to play a critical role at this time period. The pollen diet composition was related to the nutritional value of the collected pollen and by the local landscape composition. Our study highlights (1) a food supply depletion period of both pollen and nectar resources during late spring, contemporaneously with the demographic peak of honey bee populations, (2) a high botanical richness of pollen diet, mostly proceeding from trees and weeds, and (3) a pollen diet composition influenced by the local landscape composition. Our results therefore support the Agri-Environmental Schemes intended to promote honey bees and beekeeping sustainability through the enhancement of flower availability in agricultural landscapes.
Published: 2015
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48. Weeds for bees? A review

Author: Vincent Bretagnolle, Sabrina Gaba, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), LTSER «Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sevre» [France], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR), and The program DEPHY-abeilles and the ANR AgrobioSE for partial funding 'ANR-13-AGRO-0001'
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Beekeeping, Environmental Engineering, Pollination, Biodiversité et Ecologie, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Ecosystemservices, Trophic network, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystem services, Sciences de l'environnement, Biodiversity and Ecology, Pollinator, 2. Zero hunger, Competition, Agroforestry, business.industry, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Pollination management, Environmental and Society, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Pollinator decline, Agronomy, Agriculture, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environnement et Société, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Weed, business, Crop production, Agronomy and Crop Science, agro ecology, ecosystemservices, pollination, competition, crop production, trophic network, Environmental Sciences, Agro-ecology
Abstract: International audience; AbstractAgricultural intensification has led to the decrease of the diversity of wild and domestic pollinators. For instance, honeybees declined by 59 % in 61 years in the USA. About 35 % of major crops in the world depend on pollination services, and 3–8 % of world crop production will disappear without pollinators. Indeed, pollination provides several ecosystem services such as enabling crop and honey productions, regulating weeds and other cultural services. Agricultural intensification has also decreased weed diversity by about 50 % in 70 years because massive herbicide sprays have reduced the competition between weeds and crops. Nevertheless, weeds are at the basis of agricultural foodwebs, providing food to many living organisms. In particular, weeds provide flowers for pollinating insects including honey and wild bees. Here, we review the decline of weeds and bees. We discuss the effect of bees and pollination on crop production. We describe the complex interactions between bee pollinators, e.g. honey and wild bees, and landscape habitats such as crop fields and semi-natural elements. For that, we focus on spatial and temporal effects on flower resources. We show that weed abundance can reduce crop yields, thus inducing conflict with farmers. But weed abundance enhances regulating services by ensuring the survival of honeybees in the absence of oil seed crops. Weed abundance also enhances pollination services and, in turn, honey yield for the benefit of beekeepers. Weed abundance has also improved the survival of wild flora and the socio-cultural value of landscapes, a major request from the public. From those findings, we present a conceptual framework allowing to define ecological engineering options based upon ecosystem services of weeds and pollinators.
Published: 2015
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49. Effet des observateurs sur les réponses comportementales des poussins de busard cendré lors de suivis en conditions naturelles

Author: Juliette Rabdeau, Isabelle Badenhausser, Jérôme Moreau, Vincent Bretagnolle, Karine Monceau, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LTSER «Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sevre» [France], and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Biodiversity and Ecology, rapace, réponse comportementale, Biodiversité et Ecologie, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, effet d'observateur, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, étude en condition naturelle
Abstract: International audience

50. Economic efficiency of nature-based solutions: Theoretical framework and application to semi-natural habitat implementation.

Author: Faure J, Gaba S, Perrot T, Bretagnolle V, and Mouysset L
Abstract: The application of nature-based solutions to agriculture is promising because it allows the sustainable management of ecosystems and the reconciling of human well-being with the benefits of biodiversity. However, scientists lack robust economic arguments and concepts in the area of nature-based solutions that are well aligned with the expectations of the agricultural sector. This study addresses this gap by developing an interdisciplinary economic framework that integrates nature-based solutions and allows for an assessment of their efficient use. The conceptual framework is derived from a standard agricultural production model, making it possible to determine optimal levels of use and value. The framework is then applied to the establishment of semi-natural habitats, using econometric calibration and simulations based on agronomic, economic, psychological, and ecological data from a single case study in western France. The estimations show that the optimal semi-natural habitat coverage rate was 17.5% which was half the observed level, suggesting an underuse according to this framework. The present framework, which builds on standard economic efficiency models, demonstrates that ecosystems contribute to production similarly to conventional agricultural inputs, providing a productivity-based justification for their conservation., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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