Search

Fertilizer application is an important material basis to ensure crop growth, and special formula fertilizer for rapeseed is widely used in production as a key technology for light and simplified planting of rapeseed. The appropriate dosage of special formula fertilizer for rapeseed that clearly takes into account the dual objectives of abundant yield and high quality will provide key technical support for green and high-quality production of rape-seed. Five fertilizer dosages of 0, 450, 600, 750 and 900 kg/hm2 were set through field trials at three locations in Jiangling County, Shayang County and Honghu City, Hubei Province, in 2020-2021 to study the effects of different dedicated formula fertilizer dosages on rape yield, yield composition factors, nutrient content and quality. Application of the dedicated formula fertilizer significantly increased the number of corners per plant, the number of grains per corner and the thousand grain weight, which in turn enhanced the yield of rapeseed. Compared with the no-fertilizer treatment, the number of corms per plant, number of grains per corner and thousand grain weight increased by 277.4%, 17.9% and 9.2%, respectively, and the yield of rapeseed increased by 183%-300% when the special formula fertilizer was applied at a rate of 900 kg/hm ². The application of canola-specific formula fertilizer significantly affected the oil and protein content of rapeseed. Compared with the no-fertilizer treatment, the protein content of rapeseed was highest at the special formula fertilizer dosage of 900 kg/hm2, with a growth rate of 16.0%-34.6%; the oil content was lowest at the fertilizer dosage of 900 kg/hm2, with a decrease of 4.4%-11.6% compared to the no-fertilizer treatment. Correlation analysis showed that the increase of special fertilizer significantly increased rapeseed yield, water content, protein, erucic acid and fatty acid composition, and reduced glucosinolate content in rapeseed. Taking into account the yield, rapeseed quality and feed, a special fertilizer dosage of 750-900 kg/hm2 could achieve higher rapeseed yield and protein yield with less increase in the production of glucosinolate, erucic acid and saturated fatty acid in rapeseed and Increased oil production. Continue to pursue quality improvement on the basis of yield increase of rape. Medium and trace elements can be added appropriately in combination with different soil fertility conditions to further improve the oil content of rapeseed and the composition of fatty acids, so as to achieve the synergy between yield and quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore the effects of N fertilizer rates on seed yield and quality of winter rapeseed, field experiments were carried out in Wuxue County, Hubei Province during 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 seasons. The experiments were set at five nitrogen application levels of 0, 90, 180, 270, and 360 kg N hm-2. Rapeseed yield, N concentration, and rapeseed quality indexes were measured at maturity stage. The results showed that N application significantly increased rapeseed yield and N content. Compared with the zero N application, the average yield increase after N application was 1548 kg N hm-2, and the average yield increase rate was up to 32.9%. Within the range of N application rate of 0--270 kg N hm-2, rapeseed yield increased significantly with the application of N fertilizer. If N application was continued, rapeseed yield did not change significantly or had a downward trend. N application mainly improved rapeseed yield by increasing the number of pods per plant. N application significantly increased protein content in rapeseed. When the N application rate was 270 kg N hm-2, the protein content was the highest. N application significantly reduced the seed oil content. For every 100 kg N hm-2 increase in nitrogen application, the seed oil content decreased by 1.6%. With the increase of N fertilizer application rate, glucosinolate, oleic acid, linolenic acid, erucic acid, and saturated fatty acids (palmitic acid and stearic acid) increased, while linoleic acid decreased in rapeseed. Rapeseed quality decreased as a whole. In conclusion, to pursue high-quality edible oil and take into account rapeseed yield, the application rate of N fertilizer was 180 kg N hm-2. The optimal application rate of N fertilizer was 270 kg N hm-2 when rapeseed yield and rapeseed cake were taken into account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gastric cancer (GC) is the third most lethal and fifth most common cancer in the world. In a variety of cancers, the hexokinase domain component 1 (HKDC1) is carcinogenic. This study was to investigate into how HKDC1 contributes to the development and progression of GC. Three different datasets (GSE103236, GSE13861, and GSE55696) were extracted from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and then analyzed using the sva package. The R software was used to identify 411 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the pooled dataset. We discovered 326 glycolysis-related genes (glyGenes) in the cancer genome atlas-stomach adenocarcinoma (TCGA-STAD) cohort using gene set enrichment analysis set (GSEA). HKDC1 is one of the most prevalent glyGenes in GC tumor tissues and cells, as seen in the Venn diagram. According to the results of the Cell Count Kit-8 assay, the proliferation of AGS and MKN-45 cells decreased when HKDC1 was knocked down. Lack of HKDC1 in cells enhanced oxygen consumption and decreased glycolytic protein expression while suppressing glucose absorption, lactate production, ATP level, and extracellular acidification ratio. As an oncogene in gastric cancer development, HKDC1 influences cell proliferation and glycolysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) fertilizers is an important measure to increase yield in agricultural production. Continuous upland and paddy-upland anniversary multiple cropping rotation is the main planting mode of winter oilseed rape in the Yangtze River basin in China. In order to explore the effects and differences of N, P, and K on the yield and nutrient absorption and utilization of rapeseed in different rotations, a field experiment was carried out in Shayang County, Hubei Province for 3 years from 2017 to 2020. Two rotation modes of upland-oilseed rape (maize-rape) and paddy-oilseed rape (rice-rape) were adopted, and four treatments of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium combined application (NPK), no nitrogen (-N), no phosphorus (-P), and no potassium (-K) applications on the basis of NPK were set in each rotation. The yield, yield components, and nutrient uptake of rapeseed were analyzed, the fertilizer use efficiency and soil indigenous nutrient supply were evaluated. The average results of the three-year trials showed that, compared with the NPK treatments, the -N, -P, and -K treatments in upland reduced rapeseed yields by 68.4%, 89.6%, and 7.0%, and by 71.0%, 84.7%, and 6.4% in paddy fields, respectively. Among the yield components, whether it was upland or paddy, fertilization had the greatest impact on the number of siliques, followed by the number of grains per silique, and had the least impact on the thousand-grain weight. Compared with NPK treatment, the number of siliques in upland and paddy fields was decreased by 61.6% and 52.0%, 82.0% and 67.8%, 16.2% and 19.7% due to N, P, and K deficiency, respectively. There were significant differences in the yield and nutrient absorption of rapeseed in upland and paddy field under different fertilization treatments. The yield of rapeseed in upland was about 27.2%, 15.2%, and 16.7% higher than that in paddy field in the -N, -K, and NPK treatments, while the yield of paddy rapeseed under -P treatment was 20.8% higher than that of upland. Nutrient accumulation trends were similar to the yield, except for -P treatment, the accumulation of N, P, and K in the upland oilseed rape under NPK treatment was 20.4%, 37.3%, and 4.2% higher than paddy oilseed rape, respectively. The soil indigenous N and K supply in upland was 15.0% and 20.9% higher than that in paddy field, while the supply of P in upland was 39.2% lower than that in paddy field. The recovery efficiency of N and P in upland were higher than that of paddy field, while K recovery efficiency was lower than that of paddy field. In summary, the combined application of nutrients could improve rapeseed yield and nutrient use efficiency. The significant differences in rapeseed yield and nutrient utilization among different crop rotations were affected by nutrient types. Compared with the upland, to supplement the nutrients deficiency in the soil and achieve high-yield and high-efficiency production of rapeseed, rapeseed in paddy fields needs to pay more attention to the application of N and K fertilizers, while rapeseed in upland needs to be appropriately increased in P fertilizers compared with paddy fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The vertical load of the tire has a significant influence on the lateral force, so the influence of the dynamic load on vehicle shimmy should be taken into account. Based on the dynamic model of a quarter vehicle, a three-degrees-of-freedom dynamic model of the shimmy system with consideration of the road roughness excitation is established by applying the second Lagrange equation. The response characteristic of the system is investigated by the numerical simulations. Moreover, the complexification-averaging method is used to obtain the analytical expression of the shimmy angle of the front wheel, and then, the stability of periodic solutions of the system is evaluated based on the bifurcation theory. Finally, the saddle-node bifurcation and Hopf bifurcation of the shimmy system are studied. The influence of the system parameters on the bifurcation characteristic of the system is also investigated, and the results obtained by using the complexification-averaging method are compared with the numerical examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To control the meshing performance of hypoid gear drive, current local conjugate theory and local synthesis method establish a relationship between the relative motion and local geometrical properties of the mating surfaces at one reference point. Theoretically, both local conjugate theory and local synthesis method cannot ensure the contact performance on the entire tooth surface resulting in uncontrolled contact pattern and undesirable transmission error. A global synthesis approach consisting of a machine-tool settings calculation model, a tooth contact analysis model, a meshing quality assessment function, and a swarm intelligence algorithm are proposed. The direction, area, and shape of the contact pattern and the amplitude of the intersection of two adjacent transmission error curves are taken as the evaluation indexes. Three curvatures of the design pitch cone of the pinion are taken as the control variables. A global selection space is then established within the reasonable range of the curvatures. An improved multiple population genetic algorithm is employed to find the optimal set of the curvatures to achieve the target values of the evaluation indexes. To avoid the edge contact and corner contact condition, a feasible region is defined on tooth surface and the contact patterns on the gear and pinion surfaces are all confined within the area. The optimized contact patterns obtained by the loaded tooth contact analysis method are similar to those obtained by the proposed approach, thus demonstrating the effectiveness of this methodology. The main novelty of this approach is to translate the derivation of the mathematical relation between the curvatures of the mating surfaces and the contact properties to solving a multi-objective optimization problem of the meshing quality indexes by the intelligence algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is important to reduce oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) yield loss subjected to waterlogging in the Yangtze River Basin under simplified fertilization background. How to alleviate the waterlogging loss by way of nitrogen (N) fertilizer application was studied. Three factors, including different N rates (0, 60, 120, 180, 240 and 300 kg N/hm²), N sources (controlled release urea and common urea) and water managements (waterlogging at seedling stage and normal drainage), were set in a field experiment. Yield and agronomy efficiency of oilseed rape at varying N rates were investigated, to identify effects of waterlogging at seedling on oilseed rape with different N fertilizer rates and their responses with controlled release urea one-off application (CRU1) and common urea split application (U4), respectively. Results showed that oilseed rape yield increased with the increase rate of N fertilizer application, plateaued at 240 kg N/hm². Yield of CRU1 were higher than that of U4 at 60-180 kg N/hm², but similar at 240-300 kg N/hm². N fertilizer application increased plant population density at harvest (PPDh), pod number per plant and seed number per plant, which resulted greater oilseed rape yield. Waterlogging at seedling stage decreased oil-seed rape yield by 1.1%-41.9%. The yield loss increased as N rates added, then decreased as CRU1 and U4 added to 120 and 180 kg N/hm², respectively. The largest yield loss of CRU1 and U4 were 29.8% and 41.9%, respectively. In case of waterlogging, PPDh decreased significantly (with decrease of 29.4-45.0%), but pod number per plant increased at the N rate of 0-60 kg N/hm². When N rate was at 120-180 kg N/hm², both PPDh and pod number per plant decreased by 19.5-33.7% and 1.4-17.7% once subjected to waterlogging, respectively. While as N rate was more than180 kg N/hm², both the PPDh and pod number per plant decrease was reduced (with the decrease of 5-30.9% and 3.6-9.5%, respectively). Yield losses induced by waterlogging of CRU1 were larger than that of U4 at same N rate. Waterlogging at seedling stage decreased N agronomy efficiency by 8.4-51.9%. Generally, the agronomy efficiency decrease with sufficient N supply (240-300 kg N/hm²) was less than that of insufficient N supply treatments (120-180 kg N/hm²), and CRU1 (with the average agronomy efficiency decrease of 36.5%) had greater agronomy efficiency decrease relative to U4 treatments (with the average agronomy efficiency decrease of 17.3%)). In a word, waterlogging at seedling stage had greater impact on direct-sown winter oilseed rape yield with CRU1 application relative to U4. In the area with low indigenous N supply capacity, available N topdressing with appropriate rate after waterlogging can alleviate the yield loss and ensure the high production of oilseed rape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Byline: Jian-Wei Lu, Fan-ling Zeng Multi-body dynamic model of a vehicle with leaf spring suspension was established, and road roughness was reconstructed with road surface spectrum. The Root Mean Square (RMS) of acceleration was taken as the evaluation index for optimisation of the ride comfort of the vehicle, and the parameters of the suspension, stiffness and damping coefficient, were optimised. Roadway tests were carried out to verify the presented method, which provided references for the design of suspension with consideration of ride comfort improvement of the vehicle.