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Abstract Background Medication-related osteonecrosis of the Jaw (MRONJ) is a rare but severe side effect in patients treated with medications such as Bisphosphonates (BPs). Its pathophysiological mechanism needs to be more precise. Establishing preventive measures and treatment standards is necessary. This study aimed to develop a composite hydrogel scaffold constituted by methacrylated gelatin (GelMA), methacrylated heparin (HepMA) and PRF, and investigate its potential application value in the prevention of MRONJ. Methods GelMA, HepMA, and PRF were prepared using specific ratios for hydrogel scaffolds. Through mechanical properties and biocompatibility analysis, the release rate of growth factors and the ability to promote bone differentiation in vitro were evaluated. To explore the healing-enhancing effects of hydrogels in vivo, the composite hydrogel scaffold was implanted to the MRONJ rat model. Micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT) and histological examination were conducted to evaluate the bone morphology and tissue regeneration. Results The Hep/GelMA-PRF hydrogel improved the degradation rate and swelling rate. It was also used to control the release rate of growth factors effectively. In vitro, the Hep/GelMA-PRF hydrogel was biocompatible and capable of reversing the inhibitory effect of zoledronic acid (ZOL) on the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1s. In vivo, the micro-CT analysis and histological evaluation demonstrated that the Hep/GelMA-PRF group exhibited the best tissue reconstruction. Moreover, compared to the ZOL group, the expression of osteogenesis proteins, including osteocalcin (OCN), type collagen I (Col I), and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) in the Hep/GelMA-PRF group were all significantly upregulated (P

Abstract Objective Although some studies have linked smoking to mortality after out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs), data regarding smoking and mortality after OHCAs have not yet been discussed in a meta-analysis. Thus, this study conducted this systematic review to clarify the association. Methods The study searched Medline-PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane libraries between January 1972 and July 2022 for studies that evaluated the association between smoking and mortality after OHCAs. Studies that reportedly showed relative risk estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were included. Results Incorporating a collective of five studies comprising 2477 participants, the analysis revealed a lower mortality risk among smokers in the aftermath of OHCAs compared with non-smokers (odds ratio: 0.77; 95% CI 0.61–0.96; P

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) pose potential hazards to human health and contribute significantly to odor pollution. This study examined VOC emissions from a representative recycled rubber industry, evaluating the occupational health risks for frontline workers in various workshops. Variables such as gender and workshop-specific concentration variations were considered using Monte Carlo simulation methods. Employees in the five production workshops and office areas face noncarcinogenic health risks with hazard indices (HIs) greater than 1, with the rubber compounding phase presenting the highest risk. Acetaldehyde is identified as the primary noncarcinogenic health risk substance, with hazard quotient (HQ) values exceeding 1 in all workshops. Carcinogenic health risks vary by area, with the highest risks found in compounding and refining workshops. Formaldehyde poses the greatest risk in rubber grinding workshops and offices, with cumulative weights exceeding unacceptable levels of M80.58 % and W77.56 % in grinding and M94.98 % and W92.24 % in the office. Male workers face 4–7 % greater noncarcinogenic VOC health risks than females and 5–14 % greater carcinogenic risks from individual VOCs, increasing their susceptibility to health risks caused by VOCs. Additionally, our analysis of odor identification and intensity classification revealed that 53 VOCs are capable of causing odor pollution, with several substances reaching odor levels of 2 or higher. The predominant perceived odors, as reflected in the odor wheel, include categories such as ''solvent/aromatic'' and ''sweet/fruit,'' with aldehydes being the primary odor-causing substances. In summary, emissions of VOCs from rubber industrial processes not only pose substantial health risks to workers but also contribute significantly to odor pollution. Consequently, enterprises must prioritize optimizing workplace conditions to ensure the occupational health and well-being of their employees.

ABSTRACT Background Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly aggressive tumor with limited effectiveness in its standard chemotherapy treatment. Targeted antiangiogenic therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have demonstrated potential as alternative treatments for extensive‐stage SCLC (ES‐SCLC). However, there is insufficient comparative evidence available to determine the optimal first‐line treatment option between ICIs plus chemotherapy and targeted antiangiogenic therapy plus chemotherapy. Objective This study is aimed at analyzing clinical data from ES‐SCLC patients treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College between June 2021 and June 2023. The study compared the efficacy and safety of three first‐line treatment regimens: standard chemotherapy, antiangiogenic therapy combined with chemotherapy, and immune combination therapy. Methods Patients who met the inclusion criteria were divided into three groups: chemotherapy, immune combination therapy, and antiangiogenic therapy combined with chemotherapy. The study collected data on clinical characteristics, treatment regimens, and adverse reactions. The analysis included objective response rate (ORR), duration of response (DoR), disease control rate (DCR), progression‐free survival (PFS), and treatment safety. Results A total of 101 patients were included in the study, with 49 receiving chemotherapy alone, 19 receiving antiangiogenic therapy, and 33 receiving immune combination therapy. The ORRs were 78.9% for antiangiogenic therapy, 72.7% for immune combination therapy, and 42.9% for chemotherapy alone. The median PFS was 8.0 months for antiangiogenic therapy, 7.8 months for immune combination therapy, and 5.2 months for chemotherapy alone. Both combination therapy groups demonstrated superior efficacy compared to chemotherapy alone. Conclusion Targeted combined chemotherapy and immune combination chemotherapy showed superior efficacy as first‐line treatments for ES‐SCLC compared to chemotherapy alone, with manageable adverse reactions.

Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) exerts an anti-tumor effect in multiple cancers, however, the molecular mechanism of DHA and whether DHA facilitates the anti-tumor efficacy of cisplatin in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are unclear. Here, we found that DHA potentiated the anti-tumor effects of cisplatin in NSCLC cells by stimulating reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, C-Jun-amino-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 MAPK signaling pathways both in vitro and in vivo. Of note, we demonstrated for the first time that DHA inhibits prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 (PTGS1) expression, resulting in enhanced ROS production. Importantly, silencing PTGS1 sensitized DHA-induced cell death by increasing ROS production and activating ER-stress, JNK and p38 MAPK signaling pathways. In summary, our findings provided new experimental basis and therapeutic prospect for the combined therapy with DHA and cisplatin in some NSCLC patients.

Abstract Ligand effect, induced by charge transfer between catalytic surface and substrate in core/shell structure, was widely proved to benefit Pt-catalyzed oxygen reduction reaction by tuning the position of d-band center of Pt theoretically. However, ligand effect is always convoluted by strain effect in real core/shell nanostructure; therefore, it remains experimentally unknown whether and how much the ligand effect solely contributes electrocatalytic activity improvements. Herein, we report precise synthesis of a kind of Pd3Ru1/Pt core/shell nanoplates with exclusive ligand effect for oxygen reduction reaction. Layer-by-layer growth of Pt overlayers onto Pd3Ru1 nanoplates can guarantee no lattice mismatch between core and shell because the well-designed Pd3Ru1 has the same lattice parameters as Pt. Electron transfer, due to the exclusive ligand effect, from Pd3Ru1 to Pt leads to a downshift of d-band center of Pt. The optimal Pd3Ru1/Pt1-2L nanoplates achieve excellent activity and stability for oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline/acid electrolyte.

Objective To analyze the adverse drug reactions (ADR) of atezolizumab and durvalumab based on the US Food and Drug Administration Public Data Open Project (OpenFDA) to provide reference for rational clinical use of drugs. Methods The ADR data of atezolizumab and durvalumab from January 1, 2004 to January 28, 2022 were retrieved through the application programming interface (API) access to the interactive icon panel of the OpenFDA ADR endpoint. Results A total of 13 630 and 5 374 ADR reports respectively related to atezolizumab and durvalumab were obtained. More cases were reported in males than in females. The most common ADR of atezolizumab were fever, diarrhea and pneumonia, and the common ADR of durvalizumab was radiation pneumonitis. The incidences of ADR and serious ADR were similar in atezolizumab and durvalumab, except the incidences of anemia, febrile neutropenia and radiation pneumonitis. Conclusion ADR of atezolizumab and durvalizumab can be quickly and conveniently excavated and studied based on the OpenFDA database. With the increase of the use of these two drugs, the rare ADR in clinic is increasingly prominent, so clinical medication monitoring should be strengthened to promote their safe use.

Lane-level localization is critical for autonomous vehicles (AVs). However, complex urban scenarios, particularly tunnels, pose significant challenges to AVs’ localization systems. In this paper, we propose a fusion localization method that integrates multiple mass-production sensors, including Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSSs), Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs), cameras, and high-definition (HD) maps. Firstly, we use a novel electronic horizon module to assess GNSS integrity and concurrently load the HD map data surrounding the AVs. This map data are then transformed into a visual space to match the corresponding lane lines captured by the on-board camera using an improved BiSeNet. Consequently, the matched HD map data are used to correct our localization algorithm, which is driven by an extended Kalman filter that integrates multiple sources of information, encompassing a GNSS, IMU, speedometer, camera, and HD maps. Our system is designed with redundancy to handle challenging city tunnel scenarios. To evaluate the proposed system, real-world experiments were conducted on a 36-kilometer city route that includes nine consecutive tunnels, totaling near 13 km and accounting for 35% of the entire route. The experimental results reveal that 99% of lateral localization errors are less than 0.29 m, and 90% of longitudinal localization errors are less than 3.25 m, ensuring reliable lane-level localization for AVs in challenging urban tunnel scenarios.

To effectively monitor the operation state of landing gear, a back propagation neural network-based on multi-strategy cooperative optimization(MSCO-BPNN) is proposed. The multi-strategy optimization algorithm is composed of chaotic mapping strategy, adaptive spiral capture strategy, crossover mutation strategy and whale optimization algorithm(WOA). WOA is applied to find the optimal hyperparameters of back propagation neural network(BPNN). The search efficiency, multi-local search ability and global search performance of model can be improved by using chaotic mapping strategy, adaptive spiral capture strategy and crossover mutation strategy. The BPNN with optimal hyperparameters is introduced to establish the implicit model of input parameters and output responses. Based on quick access recorder(QAR) data, landing gear left side brake temperature is act as the monitoring objective of this paper. The validity and applicability of MSCO-BPNN are verified by compared with WOA-BPNN, particle swarm optimization BPNN and traditional BPNN. The results show that MSCO-BPNN can monitor the operation status of landing gear with high efficiency and accuracy. The efforts of this paper provide a promising insight for the precise condition monitoring of complex structures.

The concept of sepsis has recently evolved from one of a ‘systemic inflammatory response syndrome caused by infection’ to a ‘severe, potentially fatal organic dysfunction caused by an inadequate or imbalanced host response to infection’. Organ dysfunction is closely related to sepsis. Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) is the most serious outcome of sepsis, often leading to a poor prognosis. However, specific drugs for sepsis and MODS caused by sepsis remain undetermined, and the fatality rate is relatively high. Under the guidance of modern medicine, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has gained a wealth of experience in the prevention and treatment of sepsis and plays a key role via the effects of its numerous components, pathways and targets. This study used ‘Sepsis’, ‘Organ dysfunction’ and ‘Traditional Chinese medicine’ as strategies for searching the databases of Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, PubMed and The Web of Science. This paper presents an overview of the current status of TCM component formulations for preventing and treating sepsis with MODS to provide a theoretical basis for clinical treatment and drug development.

We reported a case of an elderly female patient with multi-organ involvement of the ear, eye, nose and heart, with elevated serum inflammatory markers and IgG4, and negative anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies. The patient was suspected to have granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) combined with IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD), because both GPA and IgG4-RD can lead to multi-organ involvement, with similar clinical manifestations and consistency in treatment. After treatment with high-dose glucocorticoid combined with cyclophosphamide, the clinical symptoms were relieved. The patient also had a high degree of atrioventricular block (AVB), which is rare in both GPA and IgG4-RD. In this paper we discuss the characteristics of the overlap syndrome, the diagnosis and treatment of this patient and the possible pathological mechanism of AVB, in order to provide reference for clinical treatment.

Background: This study aims to explore whether serum miR-185-5p levels are related to the injury severity and prognosis of traumatic brain injury patients. Methods: Serum miR-185-5p level was quantified in 120 TBI patients. The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) was used to grade the damage, and the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) was used to evaluate the prognosis 3 months after TBI. Pearson correlation analysis was performed to determine the relationship between serum miR-185-5p level and injury severity and prognosis, and the value of serum miR-185-5p level to assess injury severity and prognosis was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: Serum miR-185-5p level in moderate and severe TBI patients was higher than in mild TBI patients, and serum miR-185-5p was closely related to GCS score and GOS score. Serum miR-185-5p level higher than 0.36 could distinguish patients with mild to moderate TBI injury, with 72.97% sensitivity and 97.62% specificity, while that higher than 0.43 had 46.34% sensitivity and 91.89% specificity to distinguish moderate to severe TBI patients. Moreover, serum miR-185-5p levels higher than 0.36, with a sensitivity of 96.30% and a specificity of 60.24%, distinguished the poor prognosis of TBI patients. Serum miR185-5p level was an independent predictor of poor prognosis in TBI patients after 3 months and was effective in discriminating adverse outcomes at 3 months. Conclusions: Serum miR-185-5p level was significantly correlated with 3-month injury and adverse prognosis in TBI patients, suggesting that serum miR-185-5p level may be a biomarker that provides supplementary prognostic information and can be used to identify the risk of adverse prognosis in TBI patients.

Defect detection holds significant importance in improving the overall quality of fabric manufacturing. To improve the effectiveness and accuracy of fabric defect detection, we propose the PRC-Light YOLO model for fabric defect detection and establish a detection system. Firstly, we have improved YOLOv7 by integrating new convolution operators into the Extended-Efficient Layer Aggregation Network for optimized feature extraction, reducing computations while capturing spatial features effectively. Secondly, to enhance the performance of the feature fusion network, we use Receptive Field Block as the feature pyramid of YOLOv7 and introduce Content-Aware ReAssembly of FEatures as upsampling operators for PRC-Light YOLO. By generating real-time adaptive convolution kernels, this module extends the receptive field, thereby gathering vital information from contexts with richer content. To further optimize the efficiency of model training, we apply the HardSwish activation function. Additionally, the bounding box loss function adopts the Wise-IOU v3, which incorporates a dynamic non-monotonic focusing mechanism that mitigates adverse gradients from low-quality instances. Finally, in order to enhance the PRC-Light YOLO model’s generalization ability, we apply data augmentation techniques to the fabric dataset. In comparison to the YOLOv7 model, multiple experiments indicate that our proposed fabric defect detection model exhibits a decrease of 18.03% in model parameters and 20.53% in computational load. At the same time, it has a notable 7.6% improvement in mAP.

Metasurfaces have emerged as crucial materials for optical information encryption and storage, lauded for their ease of operation and high programmability. However, the inherent inflexibility following metasurface fabrication leaves room for improvement in terms of information storage capacity. Incorporating multiplexed channels in metasurface boasts independent coding degrees of freedom, which bolsters the utility of metasurfaces for optical information storage and encryption. Most multiplexed metasurfaces conventionally rely on optical variables that can be controlled, such as wavelength, orbital angular momentum (OAM), forward/backward incidence of light, and polarization state, etc. However, there has been limited attention given to the inherent spatial properties of metasurfaces, let alone to combine these spatial properties with optical variables for multiplexing. To address this gap, we proposes a combined approach to develop a nanoprinting and meta-holography metasurface, which harnesses both metasurface-space and angular multiplexing to store seven independent holographic and nanoprinted images. This work not only unlocks new avenues for advanced optical information storage and encryption, but also pushes the boundaries of metasurface technology.

AimsHuntingtin-associated protein 1 (HAP1) is a neuronal protein closely associated with microtubules and might facilitate neurological function rehabilitation. This study aimed to investigate the effects of HAP1 on SCI and the underlying mechanisms.Methodsthe spinal cord injury (SCI) mouse model was induced by Allen’s method. Then recombinant-HAP1 (r-HAP1) was administrated by intrathecal injection, and the BMS, Thermal nociceptive thresholds, tactile nociceptive thresholds, and neurofibrillary regeneration were identified to inspect the therapy outcome. Then NSCs were isolated from mice on embryonic day 14.5 and induced to differentiate into neurons. The efficiency of axon growth was calculated. Signaling pathway array was conducted to examine the signaling pathways in NSCs treated with r-HAP1. Antagonists and activators of TrkA were used to confirm the role of TrkA of HAP1 intervention both in vitro and in vivo.Resultsr-HAP1 ameliorates the neurological function rehabilitation after SCI, and benefits the regain of Tuj in injury spinal cord. Also significantly enhances neurite growth during neuronal differentiation of NSCs; Signaling pathway array and Western blot revealed that r-HAP1 significantly activates the phosphorylation of TrkA-MAPK/ERK in NSCs. TrkA selective inhibitor GW441756 blocks r-HAP1 on TrkA-MAPK/ERK signaling pathway and detracts from axonal growth after neuronal differentiation. TrkA selective activator gambogic amide can mimic the function of r-HAP1 by activating the foregoing pathway. ERK activator U-46619 reverses the blocking effect of GW441756 on r-HAP1.ConclusionHAP1 activates the TrkA-MAPK signaling pathway and is conducive to neurite elongation during NSC neuronal differentiation; by which to improve the prognosis of spinal cord injury in mice.

Introduction Hip fracture is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality, especially among the elderly. Current evidence on the association between cigarette smoking and mortality in hip-fracture patients is controversial. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies on this association. Methods The databases Medline/PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched for studies that estimated the effect of smoking on the risk of mortality in hip-fracture patients. Pooled analyses were conducted of the associations, expressed in relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Heterogeneity was assessed using the I 2 statistic. Study quality was assessed by the modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) and publication bias was evaluated by a funnel plot, Begg’s and Egger’s tests. Subgroup analyses were performed by study design, race/ethnicity, age ≥60 years, smoking status, and follow-up period. Results A total of six articles involving 3739 hip-fracture patients were included in the meta-analysis. Our results indicate that ever-active smoking was significantly associated with an increased risk of death in hip-fracture patients (pooled RR=1.26; 95% CI: 1.08–1.46). In further subgroup analysis, the risk of death was significantly higher in ever-active smokers than in never smokers in White participants (pooled RR=1.23; 95% CI: 1.05–1.44) and elderly aged ≥60 years (pooled RR=1.19; 95% CI: 1.01–1.40), with no significant association in Asian participants (pooled RR=1.42; 95% CI: 0.95–2.11). Current smokers had more risk of death than never smokers (pooled RR=1.26; 95% CI: 1.08–1.46). The association was significant in follow-up periods of ≤1 year (pooled hazard ratio, HR=1.34; 95% CI: 1.05–1.71), 3 years (pooled HR=1.22; 95% CI: 1.05–1.43), and 5 years (pooled HR=1.26; 95% CI: 1.08–1.46). Conclusions Cigarette smoking is associated with an increased risk of mortality in hip-fracture patients, especially in elderly patients aged ≥60 years, current smokers, and White participants. With the extension of follow-up period, the effect on mortality of smoking is profound and lasting.

Introduction Although some research papers have suggested that smoking may increase mortality in patients with sepsis, no evidence has been produced in this regard. This systematic research evaluated the risk of death in patients with sepsis who were smokers to facilitate better clinical decision making. Material and Methods This is a systematic review registered in PROPERO (CRD42022296654). Searches were conducted to identify suitable studies from the databases of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials from January 1980 to June 2021. Two independent reviewers screened the articles using keywords and extracted the data. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to evaluate the quality of evidence. The primary endpoints included the mortality of patients with sepsis. Results Five studies involving 2694 participants were included in our study. Among the five included articles, three studies had an NOS score of 6, while the other two had an NOS score of 7. The results showed that a significantly higher risk of death was observed in smokers with sepsis compared with non-smokers with sepsis (hazard ratio, HR=1.62; 95% CI: 1.11–2.37, p=0.01). Among the patients followed for more than 2 months, the mortality rate of smokers was significantly higher (2.33 times) than that of non-smokers (HR=2.33; 95% CI: 1.83–2.96, p

Lung cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers worldwide. Although cisplatin-based chemotherapy regimens serve a pivotal role in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment, drug resistance and serious side effects limited its further clinical application. Regorafenib, a small-molecule multi-kinase inhibitor, was demonstrated to have promising anti-tumor activity in various solid tumors. In the present study, we found that regorafenib markedly enhanced cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity in lung cancer cells by activating reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER Stress), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Regorafenib increased ROS generation by promoting NADPH oxidase 5 (NOX5) expression, and knocking down NOX5 attenuated ROS-mediated cytotoxicity of regorafenib in lung cancer cells. Additionally, mice xenograft model validated that synergistic anti-tumor effects of combined treatment with regorafenib and cisplatin. Our results suggested that combination therapy with regorafenib and cisplatin may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for some NSCLC patients.

AimEvidence linking trace minerals and periodontitis is limited. To investigate the relationship between trace minerals (selenium, manganese, lead, cadmium, and mercury) and periodontitis, data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were analyzed after accounting for potential confounding factors. No known studies have explored the relationship between these five trace minerals and periodontitis.Materials and methodsA total of 4,964 participants who had undergone a full-mouth periodontal examination and laboratory tests for five trace minerals were studied in a cross-sectional study. Clinical attachment loss (CAL) and periodontitis grading were used to measure periodontitis severity. Linear and logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between trace minerals and periodontitis. Further subgroup analyses were performed.ResultsBlood lead and cadmium levels were positively associated with mean CAL, and blood selenium was negatively associated with mean CAL; however, blood mercury, blood manganese, and mean CAL were not significantly associated. The association between trace minerals and mean CAL was more significant in males, the elderly, and patients with diabetes. There was a threshold effect between blood cadmium levels and mean CAL. Among the Black population, the relationship between blood cadmium levels and mean CAL followed an inverted U-shaped curve. There was a saturation effect in the study of blood lead in people aged 45–59 years old.ConclusionOur study highlighted that blood selenium, lead, and cadmium levels were significantly associated with periodontitis in a nationally representative sample of United States adults.

Background: Cuproptosis is a new type of cell death that induces protein toxic stress and eventually leads to cell death. Hence, regulating cuproptosis in tumor cells is a new therapeutic approach. However, studies on cuproptosis-related long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC) have not been found. This study aimed to explore the cuproptosis-related lncRNAs prognostic marker and their relationship to immune microenvironment in HNSC by using bioinformatics methods.Methods: RNA sequencing, genomic mutations, and clinical data of TCGA_HNSC were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas. HNSC patients were randomly assigned to either a training group or a validation cohort. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox regression and multivariate Cox regression models were used to determine the prognostic model in the training cohort, and its independent prognostic effect was further confirmed in the validation and entire cohorts.Results: Based on previous literature, we collected 19 genes associated with cuproptosis. Afterward, 783 cuproptosis-related lncRNAs were obtained through coexpression. Cox model revealed and constructed eight cuproptosis-related lncRNAs prognostic marker (AL132800.1, AC090587.1, AC079160.1, AC011462.4, AL157888.1, GRHL3-AS1, SNHG16, and AC021148.2). Patients were divided into high- and low-risk groups based on the median risk score. The Kaplan–Meier survival curve revealed that the overall survival between the high- and low-risk groups was statistically significant. The receiver operating characteristic curve and principal component analysis demonstrated the accurate prognostic ability of the model. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that risk score was an independent prognostic factor. In addition, we used multivariate Cox regression to establish a nomogram of the predictive power of prognostic markers. The tumor mutation burden showed significant differences between the high- and low-risk groups. HNSC patients in the high-risk group responded better to immunotherapy than those in the low-risk group. We also found that risk scores were significantly associated with drug sensitivity in HNSC.Conclusion: In summary, our study identified eight cuprotosis-related lncRNAs signature of HNSC as the prognostic predictor, which may be promising biomarkers for predicting the benefit of HNSC immunotherapy as well as drug sensitivity.

AimsTo assess whether MTHFR rs1801131 and rs1801133 SNPs are associated with concomitant psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and investigate the efficacy and hepatotoxicity of MTX in patients with psoriasis in the Han Chinese population.MethodsThis prospective, single-arm, interventional study recruited a total of 309 patients with psoriasis, 163 with psoriatic arthritis and 146 without psoriatic arthritis, who completed a 12-week MTX treatment and 1,031 healthy controls. Patients' characteristics including age, gender, disease duration, height, weight, smoking status, alcohol consumption, medical history, disease severity and liver function test results were accessed and recorded. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping of rs1801131 and rs1801133 in the MTHFR gene was performed.ResultsThe rs1801133 CC genotype was more frequent in patients with PsA than those with PsO and healthy controls (42.3% vs. 28.8% vs. 33.1%, p < 0.05). The 90% reduction from baseline PASI score (PASI 90) response rates to MTX were significantly higher in patients with the rs1801133 TT genotype than those with the CT and CC genotype (33.96% vs. 19.31% vs. 14.41%, OR = 2.76, p = 0.006). The rs1801133 CT+TT genotype was more frequent in PsA patients with abnormal liver function than in those with normal liver function (p < 0.05). In addition, patients with the rs1801131 CT genotype had lower PASI 75 response rates to MTX (OR = 0.49, p = 0.01), and lower risk of ALT elevation (OR = 0.46, p = 0.04).ConclusionsThis study provided some evidence for MTHFR polymorphism association with the risk of PsA and the efficacy and hepatotoxicity of the low-dose MTX in the Chinese population. Given the relatively small sample size and potentially missed diagnosis of PsA, the results from this study warrant further investigation.

Objective To detect the pathogens causing acute interstitial pneumonia (AIP) in children in order to identify the pathogenesis of the disease. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the autopsy data from 95 children with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia examined in our department between January, 2002 and October, 2018. We collected tissue samples from 20 children with a definite diagnosis of AIP based on the criteria of the European Respiratory Society (ERS) and American Thoracic Society (ATS), and from 13 children without lung diseases who died in accident as the control group. The antibodies of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), Coxsackie and adenovirus (CAV), influenza A virus, influenza B virus, Toll-like receptors 2 (TLR-2) and chlamydia pneumoniae (CMP) in the tissue samples were detected using immunohistochemistry. Results In the 20 children with AIP, 10 were positive for RSV, 7 for CAV, 1 for influenza A virus, 2 for influenza B virus, 1 for CMP and 2 for TLR-2 antibody; in the control group, 1 child was positive for RSV, 2 for CAV, 1 for influenza A virus, 1 for influenza B virus, and 2 for TLR-2 antibody. The positive rate of RSV antibody differed significantly (P < 0.05) while the antibodies of other pathogens did not show significant difference (P > 0.05) between the 2 groups. Conclusion RSV infection is a probable pathogen causing AIP in children.

Palladium (Pd)‐based materials have attracted increasing attentions as a kind of novel candidate catalysts for many electrocatalytic reactions to replace classic platinum (Pt) catalysts, especially in the fuel cell‐related electrocatalysis. However, the requirement of high activity and stability toward further practical applications makes the development of Pd‐based catalysts cease to advance. Combining alloying and structure‐controlled strategies has well addressed this challenge by optimizing the adsorption/desorption behaviors toward reaction intermediates. Herein, the recent advances of rational structural designs in terms of tuning the dimensionalities of Pd‐based nanoalloys are overviewed. To further enhance the intrinsic electrocatalytic activity, several advanced strategies, including intermetallics, doping, defects, surface, and interface engineering, are presented to engineer the electronic and/or physical properties of Pd‐based electrocatalysts. Using typical electrocatalytic reactions as probes, the significance of structural regulation of Pd‐based nanocrystals on the enhanced electrocatalysis is demonstrated. Finally, several possible trends and challenges for future advanced research directions are presented. It is anticipated that the rational structural regulation can make promising Pd‐based catalysts touch the ceiling of electrocatalytic activity and stability.

Abstract Cenozoic volcanic rocks in the East Asian continental margin usually form because of asthenosphere upwelling and resultant decompression melting, and their origins are important in deciphering mantle geodynamics attributed to intraplate volcanism. In this study, Oligocene basanite‐tephrite rocks were found in continental interior outcrops, and Miocene to Pliocene basanite, alkaline basalt, and olivine tholeiite were abundant in coastal areas in Zhejiang, Southeast China. Episodic magmatic activities appeared to migrate oceanward with an ∼100‐km spatial gap, which was temporally and spatially synchronized with repeated retreat and rollback of the Tertiary westward subducting Pacific slab. All rocks had OIB‐like trace‐element patterns, but the basanite‐tephrite rocks contained higher LILE, HFSE, and LREE than the alkaline basalt and olivine tholeiite. Geochemical modeling indicated the basanite‐tephrite and the alkaline and olivine tholeiite basalts had low‐degree (7%–15%) and slightly higher degree (20%–30%) partial melting of heterogeneous pyroxenite sources, respectively. In addition, their magma sources showed a progressive weakening of carbonatite metasomatism and decreasing melting depths. Those features were tightly associated with punctuated upwelling of asthenospheric materials, most likely metasomatized by the stagnant Pacific slab‐derived silica/carbonatite melts. A plate‐mantle convection system is proposed in which asthenosphere materials pulled by the subducting Pacific slab explain the intraplate volcanism in East Asia as asthenospheric upwelling, which formed by escaping from either slab tears or slab front edges in the mantle transition zone.

Long-term vehicular motion prediction is a crucial function for both autonomous driving and advanced driver-assistant systems. However, due to the uncertainties of vehicle dynamics and complexities of surroundings, long-term motion prediction is never trivial work. As they combine effects of humans, vehicles and environments, kinematic trajectory data reflect several aspects of vehicles’ spatial behaviors. In this paper, we propose a novel method that leverages spatial database and kinematic trajectory data to achieve long-term vehicular motion prediction in a lightweight way. In our system, a spatial database system is initially embedded in an extended Kalman filter (EKF) framework. The spatial kinematic trajectory data are managed through the database and directly used in motion prediction; namely, weighted means are derived from the spatially retrieved kinematic data and used to update EKF predictions. The proposed method is validated in the real world. The experiments indicate that different weighting methods make a slight accuracy difference. Our method is not data-and-computation-consumed; its performance is acceptable in the limited data conditions and its prediction accuracy is improved as the size of used data sets increases; our method can predict in real time. The efficiency of an unscented Kalman filter (UKF) is compared with that of the EKF. The results show that the UKF can hardly meet real-time requirements.

In order to obtain an environment-friendly biochar adsorption material with excellent adsorption performance, the biochar made from corn straw was modified with FeCl3, Na2S and KMnO4 as modifiers, and the adsorption effect of biochar on several heavy metal ions in water before and after modification was studied. The properties of biochar before and after modification were characterized by SEM, XRD, FTIR and BET, and the adsorption mechanism was discussed. The results showed that the three modified reagents could effectively improve the adsorption capacity of biochar for three heavy metal ions in water, and the adsorption effect was still good at room temperature. The adsorption difference is related to the specific surface area, pore structure, aromatic structure and SiO2 content of biochar. The adsorption mechanism mainly includes the complexation reaction between physical adsorption and surface functional groups. This study is beneficial to promote the resource utilization of agricultural and forestry waste biomass, and provides a certain reference basis for related research.

In order to determine Cd isotopic composition accurately, the key is to guarantee Cd recovery and reduce Sn interference.The recoveries of Cd with various separation and purification methods reported by previous studies show a large range variation from 42.6% to 99.8%, and the removal efficiency of Sn interference are various(87.8%-97.4%).Both the Cd recovery and Sn removal are not ideal.Reported in this study, 0.1 mol/L HBr-0.5 mol/L HNO3 mixture was determined to be a more effective solution to separate Cd from Sn.By increasing the amount of this mixture during leaching, more Sn can be removed from the samples without Cd loss.When 30 mL of mixture is used during leaching, more than 99.8% Sn can be leached out from the sample and the Cd recovery is 99.0%±0.5%.This method can be utilized for Cd isotope analyses of soil samples, offering new insight for high-precision Cd isotope measurement and serving as a technical method for Cd pollution tracing in the study of environmental soil.