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11. Hesperidin alleviates zinc-induced nephrotoxicity via the gut-kidney axis in swine

Author

Qingwen Yang, Lv Qian, Shanshan He, and Chuanshi Zhang

Subjects
zinc, nephrotoxicity, hesperidin, gut-kidney axis, gut microbiota, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

IntroductionZinc (Zn) is an essential trace element in animals, but excessive intake can lead to renal toxicity damage. Thus, the exploration of effective natural antagonists to reduce the toxicity caused by Zn has become a major scientific problem.MethodsHere, we found that hesperidin could effectively alleviate the renal toxicity induced by Zn in pigs by using hematoxylin-eosin staining, transmission electron microscope, immunohistochemistry, fluorescence quantitative PCR, and microfloral DNA sequencing.ResultsThe results showed that hesperidin could effectively attenuate the pathological injury in kidney, and reduce autophagy and apoptosis induced by Zn, which evidenced by the downregulation of LC3, ATG5, Bak1, Bax, Caspase-3 and upregulation of p62 and Bcl2. Additionally, hesperidin could reverse colon injury and the decrease of ZO-1 protein expression. Interestingly, hesperidin restored the intestinal flora structure disturbed by Zn, and significantly reduced the abundance of Tenericutes (phylum level) and Christensenella (genus level).DiscussionThus, altered intestinal flora and intestinal barrier function constitute the gut-kidney axis, which is involved in hesperidin alleviating Zn-induced nephrotoxicity. Our study provides theoretical basis and practical significance of hesperidin for the prevention and treatment of Zn-induced nephrotoxicity through gut-kidney axis.

Published
2024
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20. Substrate effect on thermal conductivity of monolayer WS2: Experimental measurement and theoretical analysis

Author

Zhang, Yufeng, Lv, Qian, Fan, Aoran, Yu, Lingxiao, Wang, Haidong, Ma, Weigang, Zhang, Xing, and Lv, Ruitao

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

Monolayer WS2 has been a competitive candidate in electrical and optoelectronic devices due to its superior optoelectronic properties. To tackle the challenge of thermal management caused by the decreased size and concentrated heat in modern ICs, it is of great significance to accurately characterize the thermal conductivity of the monolayer WS2, especially with substrate supported. In this work, the dual-wavelength flash Raman method is used to experimentally measure the thermal conductivity of the suspended and the Si/SiO2 substrate supported monolayer WS2 at a temperature range of 200 K - 400 K. The room-temperature thermal conductivity of suspended and supported WS2 are 28.45 W/mK and 15.39 W/mK, respectively, with a ~50% reduction due to substrate effect. To systematically study the underlying mechanism behind the striking reduction, we employed the Raman spatial mapping analysis combined with the molecular dynamics simulation. The analysis of Raman spectra showed the increase of doping level, reduction of phonon lifetime and suppression of out-of-plane vibration mode due to substrate effect. In addition, the phonon transmission coefficient was mutually verified with Raman spectra analysis and further revealed that the substrate effect significantly enhances the phonon scattering at the interface and mainly suppresses the acoustic phonon, thus leading to the reduction of thermal conductivity. The thermal conductivity of other suspended and supported monolayer TMDCs (e.g. MoS2, MoSe2 and WSe2) were also listed for comparison. Our researches can be extended to understand the substrate effect of other 2D TMDCs and provide guidance for future TMDCs-based electrical and optoelectronic devices.

Published
2021

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