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This report presents the results of cultural resources monitoring conducted for the Grand Canalscape Phase II Shared-use Pathway project (Figures 1 through 4). The cultural resources monitoring was conducted by Jacobs Engineering Group Inc. (Jacobs) at the request of the City of Phoenix Street Transportation Department (City). The work was conducted under Jacobs' Environmental/Natural-Cultural Resources/NEPA On-Call Services Contracts. The Grand Canalscape Phase II (TIGER) Shared-use Pathway project is a City pathway improvement project that completes a shared-use path along the Grand Canal from North 23rd Avenue south of West Indian School Road in Phoenix to the City of Tempe border at 56th Street. Pathway improvements were constructed along three discontiguous segments of the Grand Canal.

The Grand Canalscape Phase II (TIGER) Shared-use Pathway project is a City of Phoenix (City) pathway improvement project that completes a shared-use path along the Grand Canal from North 23rd Avenue south of West Indian School Road in Phoenix to the City of Tempe border at 56th Street. Pathway improvements were constructed along three discontinuous segments of the Grand Canal: • Segment 1: Grand Canal alignment between I-17 and 15th Avenue; • Segment 2: Grand Canal alignment between 16th Street and 36th Street; • Segment 3: Grand Canal alignment between 40th Street and 56th Street. The pathway improvements were constructed along the banks of the Grand Canal and within and adjacent to City streets. The project’s area of potential effects (APE) crossed the boundaries and/or 250-foot buffers of six archaeological sites as well as the plotted locations and 50-foot buffers of unverified Hohokam canal alignments. As defined by the City, the area within 250 feet of the boundary of an archaeological site or within 50 feet of an unverified Hohokam canal alignment is a “buffer” that must be considered in terms of potential ground-disturbing activities. Cultural resources monitoring at the six sites and the plotted locations of the unverified Hohokam canal alignments was required during project construction in Segments 2 and 3pursuant to the stipulations of a project-specific Memorandum of Agreement (MOA). The cultural resources construction monitoring was conducted by Jacobs Engineering Group Inc. (Jacobs) working under the provisions outlined in the City’s blanket Monitoring and Discovery Plan for the City of Phoenix (Montero and Stubing 2004) and a project-specific monitoring and discovery plan addendum (Luhnow and Shelton 2017). This report details the results of the cultural resources monitoring.

The Grand Canalscape Phase II (TIGER) Shared-use Path project is a City of Phoenix (City) pathway improvement project that would complete a shareduse path along the Grand Canal from Interstate 17 (1-17) in Phoenix to the City of Tempe border at 56th Street. The pathway improvements would occur along three discontiguous segments of the Grand Canal (designated as segments 1, 2, and 3). Phase I of the Grand Canalscape, which is under construction, would provide the connection between the three segments. Cultural resources monitoring would be conducted for Phase I of the Grand Canalscape project under the provisions of a separate addendum monitoring and discovery plan (Luhnow 2017) approved under consultation conducted under Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) of 1966, as amended (Cogswell [SHPO] to Heath [Reclamation], August 8, 2017).

The Grand Canalscape Phase II (TIGER) Shared-use Path project is a City of Phoenix (City) pathway improvement project that will complete a shared-use path along the Grand Canal from Interstate 17 (I-17) in Phoenix to the City of Tempe border at 56th Street (Figure 1, Figure 2). The pathway improvements will occur along three discontiguous segments of the Grand Canal (designated as Segments 1, 2, and 3). Phase I of the Grand Canalscape, which is in the final design stage, will provide the connection between the three segments. Numerous cultural resources have been identified throughout the Phase II area of potential effects (APE); these may be adversely affected during project construction. As a result, a Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) has been executed between the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), the State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO), and numerous other invited signatories and consulting parties (March 6, 2017). Preconstruction geotechnical investigations were required to assist in the development of design plans. The geotechnical activities were located within the boundaries and 250-foot buffers of two Hohokam habitation sites-AZ U:9:1(ASM)/Pueblo Grande and AZ U:9:67(ASM)/La Lomita-as a result, cultural resources monitoring of geotechnical boring locations was required. As defined by the City, the area within 250 feet of the boundary of an archaeological site is considered to be the site's "buffer" and must be considered in terms of potential ground-disturbing activities.

Through its contractor, and utilizing funding from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), the COP Neighborhood Services Department (NSD) conducted manual excavations to expose a water meter connection in eastern Phoenix, Maricopa County, Arizona. During a review of the project, the COP Archaeology Office at PGM determined that excavations associated with the proposed improvement project could encounter subsurface deposits associated with AZ U:9:67 (ASM)/La Lomita. For this reason, the NSD requested that EcoPlan Associates, Inc. (EcoPlan) implement a program of archaeological monitoring, which was conducted following provisions of the COP generic archaeological monitoring and discovery plan (Montero and Stubing 2004) to fulfill the requirements of Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (NHPA), Section 802 of the COP Historic Preservation Ordinance, and A.R.S. 41-865. Archaeological monitoring was conducted in accordance with the 2007 Programmatic Agreement among the City o f Phoenix, Arizona State Historic Preservation Office, and the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation regarding HUD-Funded Program Activities. The area of potential effects (APE) is a residential lot; manual excavations within the APE measured up to 0.5 m deep and approximately 0.2 square meters in area. No archaeological materials were identified. No further archaeological work is necessary at this time.

Northland Research, Inc. (Northland) has completed archaeological testing within a 4.6-acre parcel in Phoenix. The project was conducted because the Hohokam site of La Lomita (AZ U:9:67[ASM]/AZ U:9:24[ASU]/P:3:4[GP]) and a prehistoric irrigation canal are plotted within the area of investigation. Roughly the northern 2.7 acres of the parcel fall within the recorded boundary of La Lomita. The remaining 1.9 acres fall within the 250-foot buffer around the recorded site boundaries that requires archaeological testing as per the City of Phoenix Archaeologist guidelines. In addition, a prehistoric irrigation canal is plotted within the southern portion of the project area. The purpose of the testing was to determine if subsurface features are present within the Area of Potential Effect (APE) and to assess their significance.

Under contract to Higgins Development Partners, Soil Systems, Inc. (SSI) conducted archaeological data recovery excavations between February and October 2007 at AZ U:9:264 (ASM) and a portion of La Lomita [AZ U:9:67 (ASM)] on approximately 60 acres of State Trust land in Phoenix, Maricopa County, Arizona. This parcel of State Trust land has been leased by Higgins Development Partners (ASLD Lease No. 03-105720) to be developed as the Centergate Distribution Park. The excavations at two prehistoric archaeological sites was guided by a data recovery and monitoring plan approved by the Arizona State Land Department (ASLD) and the State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO; Breternitz et al. 2006) and included testing and data recovery of prehistoric features to clear the parcel for proposed building construction. The excavations recovered human remains, architecture, and other features, all of which were fully documented. All human remains and associated mortuary artifacts have been recovered and will be repatriated to the Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community (SRPMIC) per the terms of Burial Agreement No. 07-02 issued to SSI by the Arizona State Museum (ASM). A 5-m buffer zone surrounding all known features and human remains at both sites has been achieved. Analyses of the human remains, artifacts, and features is on-going and will result in a final comprehensive report to be submitted to the ASLD and SHPO. This interim report provides the documentation to support SSI’s recommendation that no further archaeological fieldwork is needed in the Phase 1 project area and that construction be allowed to proceed.

The Escala Central City LP (Escala) is proposing the construction of a multi-structure apartment complex (apartments, clubhouse, swimming pool, associated recreational facilities, and parking) in the heart of urban Phoenix. A review of the project by the City of Phoenix Archaeologist, as part of the City’s permitting process, determined that a portion of the project area included prehistoric Hohokam site AZ U:9:67 (ASM)—La Lomita, which is eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). At the time of the investigation, the parcel was a vacant lot generally devoid of vegetation except for a variety of weeds. The site was formerly the location of the Phoenix Drive-In Theater—AZ T:12:212 (ASM) (Northland Research, Inc. [Northland] 2004). The only remnants of this facility are some concrete slabs, an underground concrete sound system, and low earthen berms on which cars parked. AZ T:12:212 (ASM) is not considered eligible for the NRHP. Prior to the drive-in theater, the area was used for agricultural purposes. Both the agricultural and commercial use of the parcel had significantly impacted subsurface archaeological deposits in the project area. In 2004, Northland prepared a Phase I archaeological data recovery plan for the project area, and this work was carried out in March 2005 by Carter Burgess (Stubing and Grupp 2005). The excavation of 970 linear meters of backhoe trenches (BHTs) resulted in the identification of seven prehistoric features. Based on the exposed cultural materials, Carter Burgess interpreted Feature 1 as an ash lens, Feature 2 as a possible pit house or midden, Feature 3 as a thermal deposit, Feature 4 as a canal, and Features 5-7 as possible pit houses. In July 2005, Escala contracted with SWCA Environmental Consultants (SWCA) to conduct Phase II data recovery in the project area. This work allowed a more precise assessment and reinterpretation of the exposed features: Feature 1 was determined to be an ash-filled pit; Feature 2 was a poorly preserved hearth and segments of a floor surface in the upper fill of a trash midden or backfilled borrow pit; Feature 3 was a small ash lens in the fill of a canal channel; Feature 4 was a large canal channel; Feature 5 was a trash midden or trash-filled borrow pit; Feature 6 was a partially preserved pit structure or field house; and Feature 7, previously identified as a possible pit house, was determined to be a smaller canal channel. Artifacts were not abundant, and few were recovered.

In May of 2005, Carter & Burgess conducted phase I data recovery at AZ 11:9:67 (ASM), also known as La Lomita, in Phoenix, Arizona, The data recovery was conducted to determine the nature and extent of the site within the proposed Escaia at Central City apartment complex, which is partially located within the recorded boundaries of La Lomita. The data recovery consisted of the excavation of 440 meters (m) of backhoe trenches within La Lomita, and an additional 30 m south of the site boundary in the plotted location of a prehistoric canal. Four cultural features were identified, consisting of an ash lens, a possible pithouse/midden, a thermal deposit, and a canal. At the request of Dr. Todd W. Bostwick, City of Phoenix (COP) Archaeologist, the phase I data recovery effort has been expanded to include an additional 500 m of backhoe trenches. The additional trenching plan was approved by the COP Archaeologist on June 14, 2005, and is currently in progress. The additional trenching will provide a higher sample percentage for phase I data recovery, and results will be incorporated into a future report. Based on the results of the initial phase I data recovery, phase II data recovery is recommended for portions of the project area. The phase II data recovery will consist of stripping overburden from above the identified features and the surrounding area, and then excavating those features. Provisions will also be made to excavate features that are found as a result of the additional phase I trenching and the stripping. A plan detailing the proposed phase II data recovery and a post-data recovery monitoring and discovery strategy are included as part of this document.

This is the second of two volumes presenting the results of data recovery investigations at the Dutch Canal Ruin (AZ T:12:62 [ ASM]), conducted by Desert Archaeology, Inc., at the western end of the North Runway, Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport. The Dutch Canal Ruin is a prehistoric agricultural site, dating between 1,700 and 500 years ago, consisting of fieldhouses and farmsteads scattered along a network of canals on the geological floodplain of the Salt River. The first volume (Henderson, ed. 2003) presented site-specific results of the Sky Harbor Airport (SHA) North Runway Expansion project. Descriptions of features and data recovery methods, analyses of artifacts and biological remains, and a synthesis that elucidates the activities of prehistoric farmers at the Dutch Canal Ruin are included there. The current volume, in contrast, includes an assortment of specialized studies whose ultimate purpose was to enhance our ability to interpret and understand the prehistoric past. This chapter provides background for the direction of SHA research and context for the specific studies.

The project proposes to construct a buried sewer line under east Van Buren Street between 30th Street and 37th Street. From the intersection of east Van Buren and 37th Street, the sewer line will be constructed north and will pass under the Grand Canal and State Route 202L (Papago Freeway). North of the Papago Freeway, the sewer will be constructed parallel to the Freeway right-of-way to the east and will extend midway between the 37th Street and 38th Street alignments. From this midpoint, the sewer line will be constructed north and will terminate at the Portland Street alignment.

At the request of the Bureau of Reclamation, Phoenix Area Office, Archaeological Consulting Services, Ltd. (ACS) conducted a Class III (Intensive), non-collection cultural resources survey of approximately 170 miles of the Arizona, Arizona Crosscut, Grand, Tempe, Tempe Crosscut, Consolidated, Eastern, South, Western, Highline, and Kyrene Branch Canals in Maricopa County, Arizona. The canals, which are owned by the Reclamation, are maintained and operated by the Salt River Project (SRP). The survey was performed to provide an inventory and assessment of cultural resources located within or immediately adjacent to the canals' right-of-way that may be impacted by future development. The survey located 21 prehistoric sites, 2 historic properties , I possible prehistoric canal segment, 2 historic canal segments, and 59 isolated occurrences. Of the sites, 19 had been previously recorded.

Archaeological Consulting Services, Ltd. (ACS) conducted a Class III (Intensive), non-collection cultural resources survey on approximately 170 miles of the Arizona, Arizona Crosscut, Grand, Tempe, Tempe Crosscut, Consolidated, Eastern, South, Western, Highline, and Kyrene Branch Canals in Maricopa County, Arizona. The survey was undertaken at the request of Jon S. Czaplicki, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation) archaeologist and Contracting Officer's Technical Representative for Contract No.1425-2-CS-01820. The canals, which are owned by the federal government, are under the jurisdiction of Reclamation and are maintained and operated by the Salt River Project (SRP). The survey was performed to provide an inventory and assessment of cultural resources located within or immediately adjacent to the canals' right-of-way which may be impacted by future development. The work was conducted under authorization from the SRP and Reclamation. A portion of the Arizona Canal right-of-way from Granite Reef Dam to Pima Road is situated within the Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community (SRPMIC) and was surveyed under SRPMIC Archaeological Permit dated October 29, 1996. A portion on the northern side of the South Canal right-of-way from Granite Reef Dam to the branch with the Eastern Canal was surveyed under SRPMIC Archaeological Permit dated November 12, 1996. Letter authorization from Barry W. Welch, acting Area Director of the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) dated November 15,1996, granted permission to conduct non-collection survey on tribal lands under the Federal Archaeological Resources Protection Act (ARPA). The southernmost 4 miles of the Eastern Canal are under the jurisdiction of the Roosevelt Water Control District (RWCD) and were surveyed under a verbal authorization from Mr. Joe Nykas, RWCD field superintendent. The survey located 21 prehistoric sites, 2 historic properties, 1 possible prehistoric canal segment, 2 historic canal segments,and 59 isolated occurrences. Of the sites, 19 were previously recorded.

A small archaeological data recovery program was conducted October 16-21, 1996 at the prehistoric Hohokam site of La Lomita, AZ U:9:67 (ASM), Phoenix, Arizona. The current archaeological work augments previous testing, data recovery, and monitoring efforts conducted prior to, and during, construction and renovation of buildings within the school grounds. The archaeological investigations and monitoring within the grounds were conducted by SWCA, Inc. for Balsz School District No. 31. Four prehistoric pithouses and a pit, were investigated during this data recovery project. Monitoring of the construction and renovation activities was conducted between October 1996 and April 1997, which resulted in the identification of an additional pithouse and a prehistoric trash midden. These additional features all appear to date to the Santa Cruz phase of the Colonial period and the Sacaton phase of the Sedentary period, between about A.D. 850 and 1000.

Under contract to Balsz School District No. 31, SWCA, Inc., Environmental Consultants carried out a program of archaeological data recovery at a portion of the prehistoric Hohokam village of La Lomita, in Phoenix, Arizona, during August of 1995. Three areas were excavated in portions of the school property where future improvements are planned. Overburden was removed, and hand excavations were conducted at a total of 21 archaeological features, including ten pithouses or house fragments, three cremation burials, two pits, two canals, two potbreaks, a midden, and a surface or trash area. All the pithouses were investigated, and the remaining features were test excavated or mapped. The excavations resulted in the collection of over 8,000 artifacts, most of which were ceramics. Ceramic analysis revealed a shift in external socioeconomic relationships between the Colonial and Sedentary periods. Botanical analyses (pollen and flotation) identified the remains of corn, cotton, squash, and a variety of non-domesticated plants. Faunal remains were dominated by rabbit and other small mammals. The features excavated are similar to those investigated at the northern part of La Lomita in 1988. This part of the village was found (through archaeomagnetic dating and ceramic seriation) to date to the late Santa Cruz and early Sacaton phases, between about A.D. 900 and 1000.

Underwritten by the Bureau of Reclamation, Northland Research archaeologists surveyed more than 7,450 hectares (18,410 acres) of southern Arizona. Two hundred four archaeological sites were recorded. Some sites, but not many, were historic in age; a few were Archaic, from the era before ceramics and sedentary agriculture in the Southwestern lowlands. The majority were from the intervening Hohokam cultural sequence. We learned from these sites that the prehistory of southern Arizona is, at one and the same time, both more complicated but less complex than we had formerly imagined. Our work under the CAP Non-Indian Distribution Division contract focused primarily on an area of southern Arizona broadly known as the Santa Cruz Flats. We say broadly, because we use the "Flats" as a covering term for all of the plain that is south of the Gila River and north of the Tucson Basin and that is drained by the Santa Cruz River, and Greene, Santa Rosa, and Vekol washes. Within it, drainage patterns are indistinct, and were so even before a substantial part of the flats had been converted to agricultural land, due to the low gradient of the plain. The flats are intermediate between what have been traditionally considered the main foci of development for late prehistoric culture, the Salt/Gila River Valley and the Tucson Basin, and as such have not been studied nearly as much as the lands to the north and south. In this respect, the research history of the Flats mirrors its modem developmental history. The concentration of the Distribution Division effort on the Flats has given us a unique perspective from which to view on the prehistory of southern Arizona and our report here is primarily concerned with this viewpoint.