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Objective: This research aims to develop a nursing assessment tool, based on Gordon's Health Functional Patterns, through a content validation by a committee of experts, applying a Delphi technique., Design: An assessment instrument with 53 items has been designed. SITE: It is carried out within the framework of a doctoral thesis, for its implementation by midwives of Primary Health Care., Participants: The committee was made up of 16 professionals with a hide clinical, teaching and research experience who all participated in the entire validation process., Intervention: It has been assessed as a whole and in each of the items through four rounds of consultations, establishing a positive assessment of more than 60% to accept each item, as well as incorporating the suggestions provided by the committee. The final version had to reach a unanimous consensus., Main Measurements: All items were accepted with a score higher than 60%., Results: There were no contradictions between the inputs provided by the experts, so all of them were integrated into the final version that has a 100% approval by the committee., Conclusion: After this process, a new assessment tool is presented to be applied by primary care midwives in the pregnancy monitoring. The questionnaire has been piloted with 50 pregnant women, determining the most prevalent nursing diagnoses, establishing the workload for the midwife of her implementation of individualized care plans to improve some health indicators of pregnant women., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Publicado por Elsevier España S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Background: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) are neuromuscular diseases. DMD is the most prevalent in children. It affects dystrophin production, reducing the patient's mobility and quality of life. New technologies have become a part of physical therapy in DMD and BMD. During the COVID-19 pandemic, conducting telerehabilitation through virtual reality-based games could help these children maintain their physical abilities., Objective: This study examined if the use of a virtual platform in a multimodal intervention program changes the results of the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) in children with DMD and BMD. The main objective was to test whether children with DMD and BMD obtain different results on the 6MWT after completing 10 telerehabilitation treatment sessions. The secondary objective was to measure whether other specific motor scales also produce different results after the 10 defined sessions., Methods: This was a descriptive, open, and quasi-experimental study with a prospective A-B (control-intervention) design. A sample of 12 participants who fulfilled the inclusion criteria followed the program for 5 weeks with 10 telerehabilitation sessions. During the sessions, the participants used virtual reality glasses to train for the treatment goals. All participants were assessed in person before and after the intervention. Analysis was performed using R software according to the different functional assessments performed for each test., Results: The participants showed a 19.55-meter increase in the 6MWT. Motor function also remained stable according to other scales used to assess it. The North Start Ambulatory Assessment scores were stable in both treatment conditions (P=.20). Furthermore, the timed up and go test results were 0.1 seconds faster in the telerehabilitation condition, and the Motor Function Measure in all of the 3 dimensions showed no significant differences (P=.08). Finally, the Effort Perception Infant scale showed that during the training, fatigue increased in the middle and decreased by the end of the sessions, but the perception throughout the sessions was lower even as the exercise intensity increased., Conclusions: There were no differences between conventional and telerehabilitation treatments, so the telerehabilitation tool could be used without harming children with DMD and BMD, facilitating their access to therapies and stimulating learning to maintain their functional capacity. Therefore, telerehabilitation in general may be helpful in maintaining motor function in children with DMD and BMD. The learning effect helped reduce the feeling of fatigue in the children during the program., (© María Rosa Baeza-Barragán, Maria Teresa Labajos Manzanares, Mercedes Cristina Amaya-Álvarez, Fabián Morales Vega, Judit Rodriguez Ruiz, Rocío Martín-Valero. Originally published in JMIR Serious Games (https://games.jmir.org).)

Purpose of Review: The aim of this narrative review is to analyze the evidence about a peripheral or central origin of a tension headache attack in order to provide a further clarification for an appropriate approach., Recent Findings: Tension headache is a complex and multifactorial pathology, in which both peripheral and central factors could play an important role in the initiation of an attack. Although the exact origin of a tension headache attack has not been conclusively established, correlations have been identified between certain structural parameters of the craniomandibular region and craniocervical muscle activity. Future research should focus on improving our understanding of the pathology with the ultimate goal of improving diagnosis. The pathogenesis of tension-type headache involves both central and peripheral mechanisms, being the perpetuation over time of the headache attacks what would favor the evolution of an episodic tension-type headache to a chronic tension-type headache. The unresolved question is what factors would be involved in the initial activation in a tension headache attack. The evidence that favors a peripheral origin of the tension headache attacks, that is, the initial events occur outside the brain barrier, which suggests the action of vascular and musculoskeletal factors at the beginning of a tension headache attack, factors that would favor the sensitization of the peripheral nervous system as a result of sustained sensory input., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Background: Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy (from now "DMD" and "BMD" respectively) are the neuromuscular diseases with the most significant involvement in children. It affects dystrophin production, reducing the patient's mobility and quality of life. New technologies have become part of physical therapy in DMD and BMD. During the COVID-19 pandemic, telerehabilitation through virtual reality-based games could help these children to keep their abilities., Objective: The purpose of this study is to know if the use of the virtual platform in a multimodal intervention program achieves changes in the results obtained in the six-minute walk test in children affected by DMD and BMD. To estimate the difference in mobility in patients with DMD and BMD, as measured with the six-minute walking test (6MWT), between 10 conventional and telerehabilitation treatment sessions. As secondary objectives, measuring other specific motor scales was proposed to see whether these had changed after receiving the 10 defined sessions., Methods: Descriptive, open, quasi-experimental study with prospective A-B (control-intervention) design. Sample size of twelve participants who fulfilled the control criteria followed the program for five weeks, up to 10 telerehabilitation sessions. During the sessions, the participants used virtual reality glasses to train for the treatment goals. All sessions were in person, and participants were assessed before and after the intervention. Analysis was performed using R (R Core Team (2022) according to the different functional assessments performed for each test., Results: The participants showed a 19.55 m increase in the 6MWT scale. The motor function was also kept stable according to other scales used to assess it. North Start result were kept stable in both treatments (P value = .199). Furthermore, Time up and go test was shorter in 0.1 seconds in telerehabilitation time and Motor Function Measure in all of the 3 dimensions shown no significant differences with a P value = .084. Finally, Infant effort (EPInfant) shown that during the training the fatigue increased in the middle and decreased by the end but the perception throughout the sessions, was lower even though the exercise intensity increased., Conclusions: There is no difference between a conventional and telerehabilitation treatment, so the telerehabilitation tool could be used without harming this type of children, facilitating their access to therapies and stimulating learning to maintain their functional capacity. Telerehabilitation may helpful maintain motor function in children with DMD and BMD. The learning effect helped to reduce the feeling of fatigue in children during the program., Clinicaltrial: This trial has the approval of the Andalucía Ethics Committee with PEIBA code 0107-N-20. The results of the research will be disseminated by the investigators to peer-reviewed journals. Trial registration no. NCT03879304.

The occupation of a worker is a determining factor of sickness absence (SA) and can influence both the beginning and continuation of the latter. This study describes SA in Spain, separately in the different Autonomous Communities (AC) in relation to the occupation of workers, with the aim of determining the possible differences in its frequency and duration, relating it also to the diagnosis. A total of 6,543,307 workers, aged 16 years and older, who had at least one episode of SA in the year 2019, constituted the study sample. The obtained results indicate that SA is more frequent and shorter in more elemental occupations. The average duration increases with age and is longer in women, except in technical and administrative occupations, where there is no gender divide. Sickness absences caused by musculoskeletal and mental disorders are more frequent in the lower occupational classes, although their average duration is shorter than in other, more qualified groups. The ACs with shorter duration in almost all the occupational groups are Madrid, Navarre and the Basque Country. In conclusion, SA is more frequent and shorter in lower occupational classes.

Early Intervention (EI) is a set of interventions focused on responding to the needs of children with or at risk of developmental problems. This study aimed to investigate the relationships between the perceived quality of service, satisfaction and family quality of life., Methods: to conduct a multi-centre, transversal study with a non-probabilistic sample. The participants (N = 1551) were families from 24 Early Intervention Centres (EICs) located in Spain., Results: The results indicated an adequate fit of the measurement and structural models, with the latter showing a capacity of 73% to predict the family quality of life. The structural model established that the perceived service quality was a positive and significant predictor of satisfaction (β = 0.85; p < 0.001). Both the perceived quality of service (β = 0.28; p < 0.001) and satisfaction (β = 0.33; p < 0.001) obtained a similar positive and significant relationship with family quality of life, which was slightly stronger than satisfaction., Conclusions: This study provided a better understanding of the importance of the services offered in EICs and their influence on the satisfaction and family quality of life of their users. Thus, delving into these relationships was highly relevant for decision-making in the context of EI.

Background: The Mediterranean diet (MD) could be involved in the regulation of different miRNAs related to metabolic syndrome (MS)., Methods: We analyzed the serum level of mir-let7a-5p, mir-21, mir-590, mir-107 and mir-192 in patients with morbid obesity and its association with the MD and MS., Results: There is an association between the adherence to MD and higher serum levels of mir-590. Mir-590 was lower in those patients who consumed >2 commercial pastries/week. Mir-let7a was lower in those who consumed ≥1 sweetened drinks, in those who consumed ≥3 pieces of fruit/day and in those who consumed less red than white meat. A lower mir-590 and mir-let7a, and a higher mir-192 level, were found in patients who met the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) criterion of MS. A higher mir-192 was found in those patients who met the triglyceride criterion of MS and in those with type 2 diabetes (T2DM)., Conclusions: There is an association between specific serum levels of miRNAs and the amount and kind of food intake related to MD. Mir-590 was positively associated with a healthy metabolic profile and type of diet, while mir-192 was positively associated with a worse metabolic profile. These associations could be suggestive of a possible modulation of these miRNAs by food.

Background: Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a serious and progressive disease affecting one in 3500-6000 live male births. The use of new virtual reality technologies has revolutionized the world of youth rehabilitation., Objective: We performed a systematic review to study the effectiveness of the use of virtual reality systems applied in the rehabilitation of the upper limbs of individuals with Duchenne muscular dystrophy., Methods: Between June 2018 and September 2019, we carried out a series of searches in 5 scientific databases: (1) PubMed, (2) Web of Science, (3) Scopus, (4) The Cochrane Library, and (5) MEDLINE via EBSCO. Two evaluators independently conducted the searches following the PRISMA recommendations for systematic reviews for articles. Two independent evaluators collated the results. Article quality was determined using the PEDro scale., Results: A total of 7 clinical trials were included in the final review. These studies used new technologies as tools for physiotherapeutic rehabilitation of the upper limbs of patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Collectively, the studies showed improvement in functionality, quality of life, and motivation with the use of virtual reality technologies in the rehabilitation of upper limbs of individuals with Duchenne muscular dystrophy., Conclusions: The treatment of neuromuscular diseases has changed in recent years, from palliative symptom management to preventive methods for capacity building. The use of virtual reality is beginning to be necessary in the treatment of progressive diseases involving movement difficulties, as it provides freedom and facilitates the improvement of results in capacity training. Given that new technologies are increasingly accessible, rehabilitation and physiotherapy programs can use these technologies more frequently, and virtual reality environments can be used to improve task performance, which is essential for people with disabilities. Ultimately, virtual reality can be a great tool for physiotherapy and can be used for Duchenne muscular dystrophy rehabilitation programs to improve patient performance during training., Trial Registration: PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42018102548; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display&#95;record.php?RecordID=102548., (©Maria Rosa Baeza-Barragán, Maria Teresa Labajos Manzanares, Carmen Ruiz Vergara, María Jesús Casuso-Holgado, Rocío Martín-Valero. Originally published in JMIR mHealth and uHealth (http://mhealth.jmir.org), 08.12.2020.)

Objectives: To provide a wide and thorough description of sickness absence (SA) in Spain, focussing on the different regions of the country and the main characteristics of SA., Methods: A study of the SA spells in Spain, managed by the medical units of the National Institute of Social Security in 2018. The geographical scope of this observational study is the regions (Autonomous Community). Incidence, prevalence, and average duration SA in employees and self-employed are described. The study also describes the differences between non-work-related SA and work-related SA. In age and sex variables, the incidence and the average duration are described. The average duration by Diagnostic Chapters (International Classification of Diseases, 10 th Revision (ICD-10)) and the highest number of SA spells by occupational activity and diagnosis are analysed., Results: A total of 540 045 SA spells are analysed by non-work-related SA and 63 441 by work-related SA. The national average prevalence in non-work-related SA spells is 32.98/1000 among employed and 30.48/1000 among self-employed; in work-related SA spells, the prevalence is 3.99/1000. The national incidence in non-work-related SA spells is 24.8/1000 for employees and 9.51/1000 for self-employed workers; in work-related SA spells the incidence is 3.55/1000. The average duration is 58.67 days, with the longest duration being neoplasms and the shortest corresponding to infectious disease. The Community of Madrid shows the lowest prevalence, incidence and average duration in work-related SA. Influenza is the diagnosis that generates the largest number of SA spells. Activities of call centres and temporary employment agency activities are the occupations that have the highest number of SA spells., Conclusions: The biggest differences are found in the incidence and average duration, between the non-work-related SA spells and work-related SA. If those characteristics of the SA in which a region is more in deficit are known, it will be possible to do better management of the SA., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

Falls in the elderly are associated with morbidity and mortality. Research about fall risk factors in Spanish care facilities is scarce. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of falls among residents living in long-term care Spanish institutions and to identify fall risk factors in this population. A nationwide retrospective cohort study was conducted in 113 centers. Persons over 70 years old who were living in a residential setting for at least 1 year were included. Simple and multiple regression analyses were conducted to estimate the associations between the main clinical variables registered in the databases and the presence of falls. A total of 2849 subjects were analyzed (mean age 85.21 years). The period prevalence of fallers in the last 12 months was 45.3%, with a proportion of recurrent fallers of 51.7%. The presence of falls was associated with lower Tinetti Scale scores (OR = 1.597, 95% CI: 1.280, 1.991; OR = 1.362, 95% CI: 1.134, 1.635), severe or moderate cognitive impairment (OR= 1.992, 95% CI: 1.472, 2.695; OR = 1.507, 95% CI: 1.231, 1.845, respectively), and polypharmacy (OR = 1.291, 95% CI: 1.039, 1.604). Fall prevention interventions should focus on the prevention of balance and cognitive deterioration and the improvement of these functions when possible. It should also focus on a periodical medication history revision aiming to avoid inappropriate prescriptions.

Evaluating the service quality in early intervention (EI) from the perspective of professionals with knowledge in this area is essential for the improvement of EI centres. In this study, we aimed to test the reliability and validity of the adapted Inventory of Quality in Early Intervention Centres-P (IQEIC-P) in a sample of professionals who worked in EI centres. Three hundred and twenty-four professionals of 85 EI Spanish centres were recruited for this research. Various psychometric analyses were used to evaluate the factorial structure, the internal consistency, factorial validity and construct validity. A 5-dimension structure was obtained in the exploratory factor analysis (EFA). The results showed an adequate internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha values between 0.71 and 0.83, and composite reliability (CR) values higher than 0.70), as well as satisfactory convergent and discriminant validity (average variance extracted (AVE) values above 0.50). In the confirmatory factor analysis, good model fit indicators were observed. The IQEIC-P showed adequate psychometric properties, demonstrating to be a valid instrument for the evaluation of service quality in EI centres from the perspective of professionals. The benefits will influence the professionals themselves, and they will have a positive and direct impact on the families that are attended to in these centres.

Introduction: Early Intervention (EI), as a paediatric service, has the duty of quantifying the results and the quality of its services provided. The accessibility of valid and reliable tools allows professionals to evaluate the quality of these services., Main Objective: The aim of this study is to review the scientific literature on tools used to measure the methodological and service quality in EI., Methods: A search was made in different databases: Medline (from PubMed), Web of Science, PsycINFO, Cochrane, Scopus, ERIC and Scielo. The methodological quality of the studies was tested using the COSMIN scale., Results: A total of 13 manuscripts met the criteria to be included in this review. Ten of them received a "good" or "reasonable" score based on the COSMIN scale., Conclusions: Despite its importance, there is no consensus among authors on the measurement of service quality in EI. It is often the family of the children attended in EI that are considered the target to study, although the opinion of professionals carries more weight and completes the information., (Copyright © 2018 Asociación Española de Pediatría. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Background/hypothesis: The relation between acromiohumeral distance (AHD) and severity of pain, disability and range of movement (ROM) in patients with chronic rotator cuff related shoulder pain (RCRSP) has not been reported., Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the level of association between AHD measured by ultrasonography and pain-disability and shoulder range of movement (ROM), in patients suffering from chronic RCRSP. As a secondary objective, the determination of the intrarater reliability of AHD at both 0 and 60 degrees of shoulder elevation was carried out., Design: This was a cross-sectional study., Method: A sample comprised of 97 patients with chronic RCSRP symptoms was recruited from three different primary care centres. Acromio-humeral distance (AHD) measured by ultrasonography at 0 and 60 degrees of shoulder elevation, shoulder pain-function (SPADI) and range of movement (ROM) were taken., Results: There was no correlation between AHD at 0° (-0,215), and at 60° (-0,148), with SPADI. No correlations were found with AHD and shoulder ROM at both 0 and 60°. Intrarater reliability was excellent for AHD at 0 and 60°., Conclusions: There was a small association between AHD and shoulder pain and function, as well as with shoulder ROM, in patients with chronic RCRSP. Hence, clinicians should consider other possibilities rather than focusing their therapies only in increasing AHD when patients with chronic RCRSP are treated., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: The aim of this study was twofold: (i) to assess the intrarater reliability of coracohumeral distance; (ii) to investigate the level of association between coracohumeral distance measured by ultrasonography, and pain-disability and shoulder range of movement, in patients suffering from chronic anterior shoulder pain., Methods: An observational, cross sectional study was carried out. A convenience sample comprised of 87 patients with chronic anterior shoulder pain was assessed from 3 primary care centres. Main outcomes as pain and function were measured through the shoulder pain and disability index. Furthermore, shoulder range of movement-free of pain in shoulder elevation, as well as coracohumeral distance at both 0 and 60 degrees, were collected., Results: Absence of any correlation was found between coracohumeral distance and shoulder pain and disability index at both 0 and 60 degrees of shoulder elevation. Furthermore, absence of any correlation was found between coracohumeral distance measurements and active shoulder range of movement -free of pain., Conclusions: There was poor association between coracohumeral distance and shoulder pain and function, as well as with shoulder range of movement, in patients with chronic anterior shoulder pain. Hence, clinicians should consider, not only increasing this space, but also other possibilities in their therapies, when patients with anterior shoulder pain are treated., Trial Registration: ACTRN12614000144617 . Registered: 1 st March 2014.

Background: Of all of the lower-extremity injuries with multifactorial causes, heel pain represents the most frequent reason for visits to health-care professionals. Managing patients with heel pain can be very difficult. The purpose of this research was to identify key variables that can influence foot health in patients with heel pain., Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was performed with 62 participants recruited from the Educational Welfare Unit of the University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain. Therapists, blinded for the study, acquired the anthropometric information and the Foot Posture Index, and participants completed the Foot Health Status Questionnaire., Results: The most significant results reveal that there is a moderate relationship between clinical variables such as footwear and Foot Health Status Questionnaire commands such as Shoe (r = 0.515; P < .001). The most significant model domain was General Health (P < .001), with the highest determination coefficient (beta not standard = 34.05). The most significant predictable variable was body mass index (-0.110)., Conclusions: The variables that can help us manage clinical patients with heel pain are age, body mass index, footwear, and Foot Posture Index (left foot).

Objective: Describe the inappropriate prescription to polymedicated patients over 65 years old in rural areas., Material and Method: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted in health care units in the Guadalhorce Valley, a rural area of Malaga, Spain. The district has a catchment population of about 144,993 inhabitants. This study is focused on the population that is older than 65 years, and who use 10 or more medications (4.344 patients). The study has as a primary variable: the rates of inappropriate prescription. These are classified using the Screening Tool of Older Persons' potentially inappropriate Prescriptions (STOPP) criteria, as well as the criteria of the strategy of the approach to polymedicated of the Andalusian Health System. An application was used to create individualised forms that identified inappropriate prescribing criteria. For each patient, we used variables, such as the unit, drug group, medications, dose, and use of the STOPP and Andalusian Health System criteria were recorded for each patient., Results: More than one-third (35.5%) of all patients have inappropriate prescription, according to STOPP criteria, related to some health problem (direct problems). The large majority (94%) have potentially inappropriate prescription according to the criteria of the Andalusian Health System. If the criteria directly related to prescribing medication for people over 65 (general) is taken into account, 100% of patients have some form of inappropriate or potentially inappropriate prescribing., Conclusions: The prevalence of polypharmacy and inappropriate prescription is a real problem in the population over 65 years old. An informatics tool provides us with the facilities to identify and approach inappropriate prescribing., (Copyright © 2015 SECA. Published by Elsevier Espana. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: The purpose of this article is to assess the current status of the relationship between foot self-care and self-examination and the development of complications of diabetes mellitus., Methodology: A systematic review of articles. We extracted assessments of health habits with regard to educational and training interventions intended for diabetic foot health care. We included clinical trials, meta-analysis, and Cochrane Reviews from 2008 to December 2014., Results: We included 34 articles in this review. The initial number of articles selected was 35, including 12 from PubMed, 12 from Webs of Knowledge, and 4 Cochrane reviews that were considered valid as they complied with the requirements set: they related to interventions reducing foot complications caused by diabetes., Conclusion: Strategies aimed at behavioral changes are effective for the metabolic control of the disease and for the reduction of amputations. However, given the current methodology deficit existing in most studies with regard to sample selection and length of the study, it is necessary to validate a reliable tool or measurement to indicate the status of healthy behavior development and to sustain such measures over time., Levels of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level III: Systematic review of level I-III studies., (© 2015 The Author(s).)

This paper assessed the reliability and construct validity of a tool to evaluate the foot self-care of diabetic patients. The education of diabetic patients about their foot care is a major issue to avoid complications like amputations and ulcers. Specific tools aimed to assess patient's knowledge in this area are needed. The study had two phases: in Phase 1, item-generation was carried out through a literature review, expert review by a Delphi technique and cognitive interviews with diabetic patients for testing readability and comprehension. In Phase 2, diabetic patients participated in a cross-sectional study for a psychometric evaluation (reliability and construct validity) was carried out on a sample of type I and II diabetic patients. The study was conducted at the University of Malaga (Spain), podiatric clinics and a Diabetic Foot Unit between October 2012 and March 2013. After psychometric-test analyses on a sample of 209 diabetic patients, the questionnaire resulted in 16 questions. Cronbach's alpha was 0.89 after removing 4 items because of their low reliability. Inter-item correlations gave a mean value of 0.34 (range: 0.06-0.74). The rotated solution showed a 3-factor structure (self-care, foot care, and footwear and socks) that jointly accounted for 60.88% of the variance observed. The correlation between the questionnaire scores and HbA1c was significant and inverse, (r = -0.15; p < 0.01). The findings show that the questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool for evaluating foot self-care behavior in diabetic patients., (Copyright © 2014 Tissue Viability Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: The capacity to diagnosys, quantify and evaluate movement beyond the general confines of a clinical environment under effectiveness conditions may alleviate rampant strain on limited, expensive and highly specialized medical resources. An iPhone 4® mounted a three dimensional accelerometer subsystem with highly robust software applications. The present study aimed to evaluate the reliability and concurrent criterion-related validity of the accelerations with an iPhone 4® in an Extended Timed Get Up and Go test. Extended Timed Get Up and Go is a clinical test with that the patient get up from the chair and walking ten meters, turn and coming back to the chair., Methods: A repeated measure, cross-sectional, analytical study. Test-retest reliability of the kinematic measurements of the iPhone 4® compared with a standard validated laboratory device. We calculated the Coefficient of Multiple Correlation between the two sensors acceleration signal of each subject, in each sub-stage, in each of the three Extended Timed Get Up and Go test trials. To investigate statistical agreement between the two sensors we used the Bland-Altman method., Results: With respect to the analysis of the correlation data in the present work, the Coefficient of Multiple Correlation of the five subjects in their triplicated trials were as follows: in sub-phase Sit to Stand the ranged between r = 0.991 to 0.842; in Gait Go, r = 0.967 to 0.852; in Turn, 0.979 to 0.798; in Gait Come, 0.964 to 0.887; and in Turn to Stand to Sit, 0.992 to 0.877. All the correlations between the sensors were significant (p < 0.001). The Bland-Altman plots obtained showed a solid tendency to stay at close to zero, especially on the y and x-axes, during the five phases of the Extended Timed Get Up and Go test., Conclusions: The inertial sensor mounted in the iPhone 4® is sufficiently reliable and accurate to evaluate and identify the kinematic patterns in an Extended Timed Get and Go test. While analysis and interpretation of 3D kinematics data continue to be dauntingly complex, the iPhone 4® makes the task of acquiring the data relatively inexpensive and easy to use.

Objective: To investigate whether kinesiotaping improves excessive foot pronation compared with sham kinesiotaping., Design: Quasi-randomised, double-blind study., Setting: One primary care centre., Participants: One hundred and thirty participants were screened for inclusion. Sixty-eight participants with pronated feet [Foot Posture Index (FPI)≥ 6] were enrolled, and the follow-up rate was 100%., Interventions: Participants were allocated into one of two groups: an experimental kinesiotaping group (KT1) and a sham taping group (KT2). Measures were collected by a blinded assessor at baseline, and 1 minute, 10 minutes, 60 minutes and 24 hours after taping., Main Outcome Measures: The primary outcome was total FPI score, and the secondary outcome was rear-foot FPI score., Results: There were no significant differences in total FPI score between kinesiotaping and sham taping at any time point. Similarly, there were no significant differences in rear-foot FPI score, apart from at 60-minute follow-up when the difference between groups was significant (P=0.04) but the effect size was very small (0.85 points on the rear-foot FPI score between -6 and +6)., Conclusions: Kinesiotaping does not correct foot pronation compared with sham kinesiotaping in people with pronated feet., (Copyright © 2013 Chartered Society of Physiotherapy. All rights reserved.)

The academic engagement is a three-feature psychological welfare (determination, knowledge absorptive capability and dedication) as an intrinsic commitment towards the studies. The main aim of this study is to know the motivational status in students and to compare this with their academic performance. For the purpose of this paper, it was carried out an observational, correlational, cross-sectional study. The target population is the students carrying out the clinical training in the University of Malaga as part of the Nursing Degree. According to the data achieved, the mean score are the followings: determination 3.46 out of 6 (ST 1.05), dedication 5.16 out of 6 (ST 0.97) and knowledge absorptive capability 3.59 out of 6 (ST 1.18). The engagement global mean score of the nursing students enrolled in this University School of Nursing is 4.1 out of 6. It is worthy to mention the levels for dedication, ranging from almost always and always, which involves a remarkable vocation towards their profession. The marks on Practicum II-III have evidenced an association with the engagement determination (p < 0.008), and knowledge absorption capability (p < 0.036). Marks on Practicum I have not evidenced any association.

Purpose: Clinical studies suggest that foot pain may be problematic in one-third of patients in early disease. The Foot Health Status Questionnaire (FHSQ) was developed and validated to evaluate the effectiveness of conservative (orthoses, taping, stretching) and surgery interventions. Despite this fact, there are few validated instruments that measure foot health status in Spanish. Thus, the primary aim of the current study was to translate and evaluate psychometrically a Spanish version of FHSQ., Methods: A cross-sectional study was designed in a university community-based podiatric clinic located in south of Spain. All participants (n = 107) recruited consecutively completed a Spanish version of FHSQ and EuroQoL Health Questionnaire 5 dimensions, and 29 participants repeated these same measures 48 h later. Data analysis included test-retest reliability, construct and criterion-related validity and factor analyses., Results: Construct validity was appropriate with moderate-to-high corrected item-subscale correlations (α = ≥0.739) for all subscales. Test-retest reliability was satisfactory (ICC > 0.932). Factor analysis revealed four dimensions with 86.6% of the common variance explained. The confirmatory factor analysis findings demonstrated that the proposed structure was well supported (comparative fit index = 0.92, standardized root mean square = 0.09). The Spanish EuroQoL 5D score negatively correlated with the FHSQ pain (r = -0.445) and positively with general foot health and function (r = 0.261-0.579), confirming criterion-related validity., Conclusion: The clinimetric properties of the Spanish version of FHSQ were satisfactory.

Background: Educational institutions play an important role in encouraging student engagement, being necessary to know how engaged are students at university and if this factor is involved in student success point and followed.To explore the association between academic engagement and achievement., Methods: Cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of 304 students of Health Sciences. They were asked to fill out an on-line questionnaire. Academic achievements were calculated using three types of measurement., Results: Positive correlations were found in all cases. Grade point average was the academic rate most strongly associated with engagement dimensions and this association is different for male and female students. The independent variables could explain between 18.9 and 23.9% of the variance (p < 0.05) in the population of university students being analyzed., Conclusions: Engagement has been shown to be one of the many factors, which are positively involved, in the academic achievements of college students.

Background: The purpose is to assess cardiopulmonary function outcomes and quality of life values in inactive people that participated in the Physical Activity Promotion Programme (PAPP) against the control group that did not perform this program., Method: A total of 100 subjects of both genders participated in the randomized controlled trial with systematic random sampling; all were aged 55 and older, from Torremolinos, Spain. Participants either received (n = 50) the PAPP for 60 minutes, twice a week during three months or (n = 50) they received health education. The effectiveness of the intervention was measured by general state of health the Short Form 12 health survey questionnaire, and the quality of life was determined with the EuroQoL-5D questionnaire. Cardiopulmonary function was measured with a spirometry and a walking test according to the Bruce protocol., Results: This pilot study had a significant impact on the quality of life (p = 0.05) in men, which increased. However, the quality of life in women did not improve. The average changes in the lung and cardiovascular function was not significant between groups., Conclusions: Changes in the quality of life measured with EQ-5D in the group of men who carried out the PAPP were statistically significant when comparing between groups. However changes in cardiopulmonary function were not as relevant when comparing between groups. There was a significant effect within each group in the pulmonary outcomes of values in men, within the experimental group., Trial Registration: Developed by the University of Málaga. ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT01172483.

Objective: To analyse the feasibility of Basic Body Awareness Therapy in people with eating disorders., Design: A randomized controlled trial; the assessors were not blinded to the group allocation., Setting: The eating disorders department within a hospital setting., Subjects: Twenty-eight outpatients with eating disorders for less than five years., Intervention: All patients received standard outpatient treatment. The intervention group (n = 14) also received Basic Body Awareness Therapy for seven weeks., Main Measures: Eating Disorder Inventory, Eating Attitude Test, Body Attitude Test and Quality of Life Scale SF-36., Results: Analysing the differences between both groups, significant differences were found in Eating Disorder Inventory (mean difference: 26.3; P = 0.015) and in its subscales 'drive to thinness' (P = 0.003), 'body dissatisfaction' (P = 0.025) and 'ineffectiveness' (P = 0.014). Also in Body Attitude Test (mean difference: 33.0; P = 0.012), Eating Attitude Test-40 (mean difference: 17.7; P = 0.039) and SF-36 in the section 'mental health' (mean difference: 13.0; P = 0.002)., Conclusions: This study has shown some effectiveness of Basic Body Awareness Therapy in improving some symptoms in outpatients with eating disorders. Further studies should include larger samples, double-blinded and placebo methodologies, and should focus on questions such as which eating disorder diagnoses benefit most from physical therapy.