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Objective: To evaluate the results of an Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocol in elective colorectal surgery compared to the historical cohort of this hospital with standard care, in terms of hospital Length Of Stay (LOS), 30 days readmissions rate and 3–5 Clavien–Dindo Complications (CDC). Methodology: Data were collected from consecutive patients during 2 time periods, before (135 patients from hospital database) and after implementation of an ERAS protocol (121 with prospective follow up). Multivariate lineal or logistic regressions were used to assess the impact of ERAS program, adjusting by gender, age, laparoscopy and 3–5 CDC. Results: The two groups were homogeneous in terms of demographic and surgery details, with the exception of the operative approach, with increased use of laparoscopy in the ERAS group. The ERAS protocol decreased LOS (9.8 ± 3.7 vs. 11 ± 3.8, p = 0.018) without increasing 30 days readmission rate or the number of severe CDC. In a multivariate analysis, age and 3–5 CDC were independently associated with a longer LOS while male gender, ERAS protocol and laparoscopic surgery with a decreased LOS. 3–5 CDC increased readmissions (OR = 3.5, 95% CI 1.2–10.2) while laparoscopic surgery decreased them (OR = 0.2, 95% CI 0.1–0.8). ERAS improved compliance with secondary variables in a statistically significant way: more laparoscopic surgery; more regional analgesia in the intraoperative period; earlier adherence to ambulation; faster onset of oral liquid diet and analgesia by mouth; and lower requirements of opioids. Conclusions: ERAS protocol and laparoscopic surgery decreased LOS without increasing 30 days readmission rate. Severe CDC increased LOS and readmissions. Resumo: Objetivo: Avaliar os resultados de um protocolo de recuperação aprimorada após a cirurgia (enhanced recovery after surgery [ERAS]) em cirurgia colorretal eletiva em comparação com a coorte histórica deste hospital, que recebeu o tratamento padrão, em termos de hospitalização, taxa de readmissão de 30 dias e graus 3 a 5 na escala de complicações cirúrgicas de Clavien-Dindo (CCD). Metodologia: Os dados foram coletados de pacientes consecutivos em dois períodos de tempo: antes (135 pacientes do banco de dados do hospital) e depois da implementação de um protocolo ERAS (121 pacientes com acompanhamento prospectivo). Regressões lineares ou logísticas multivariadas foram usadas para avaliar o impacto do protocolo ERAS, ajustando por sexo, idade, uso de laparoscopia e graus 3 a 5 na escala CCD. Resultados: Os dois grupos foram homogêneos em termos de características demográficas e cirúrgicas, com exceção da abordagem operatória, com o aumento do uso de laparoscopia no grupo ERAS. O protocolo ERAS diminuiu o tempo de internação (9,8 ± 3,7 vs. 11 ± 3,8; p = 0,018) sem aumentar a taxa de readmissão de 30 dias ou a severidade na escala CCD. Na análise multivariada, a idade e os graus 3 a 5 na escala CCD foram independentemente associados a uma hospitalização mais longa, enquanto o sexo masculino, o protocolo ERAS e a cirurgia laparoscópica foram independentemente associados a uma hospitalização mais curta. Graus 3 a 5 na escala CCD foram associados a um aumento nas readmissões (OR = 3,5; IC 95%: 1,2–10,2), enquanto a cirurgia laparoscópica foi associada a uma diminuição nesse número (OR = 0,2; IC 95%: 0,1–0,8). O ERAS melhorou a adesão às variáveis secundárias de uma forma estatisticamente significativa: aumento no número de cirurgias laparoscópicas; maior uso de analgesia regional no período intraoperatório; adesão precoce à deambulação; início mais rápido da dieta líquida oral e analgesia por via oral; finalmente, menor uso de opioides. Conclusões: O protocolo ERAS e a cirurgia laparoscópica diminuíram o tempo de internação sem aumentar a taxa de readmissão de 30 dias. Um grau severo na escala CCD aumentou a hospitalização e readmissões. Keywords: Colorectal surgery, Enhanced recovery after surgery, Laparoscopy, Palavras-chave: Cirurgia colorretal, Recuperação aprimorada após a cirurgia, Laparoscopia

Aim: Management of diverticulitis with abscess formation in immunosuppressed patients (IMS) remains unclear. The main objective of the study was to assess short- and long-term outcomes between IMS and immunocompetent patients (IC). The secondary aim was to identify risk factors for emergency surgery., Methods: A nationwide retrospective cohort study was performed at 29 Spanish referral centres between 2015-2019 including consecutive patients with first episode of diverticulitis classified as modified Hinchey Ib or II. IMS included immunosuppressive therapy, biologic therapy, malignant neoplasm with active chemotherapy and chronic steroid therapy. A multivariate analysis was performed to identify independent risk factors to emergency surgery in IMS., Results: A total of 1395 patients were included; 118 IMS and 1277 IC. There were no significant differences in emergency surgery between IMS and IC (19.5% and 13.5%, p = 0.075) but IMS was associated with higher mortality (15.1% vs. 0.6%, p < 0.001). Similar recurrent episodes were found between IMS and IC (28% vs. 28.2%, p = 0.963). Following multivariate analysis, immunosuppressive treatment, p = 0.002; OR: 3.35 (1.57-7.15), free gas bubbles, p < 0.001; OR: 2.91 (2.01-4.21), Hinchey II, p = 0.002; OR: 1.88 (1.26-2.83), use of morphine, p < 0.001; OR: 3.08 (1.98-4.80), abscess size ≥5 cm, p = 0.001; OR: 1.97 (1.33-2.93) and leucocytosis at third day, p < 0.001; OR: 1.001 (1.001-1.002) were independently associated with emergency surgery in IMS., Conclusion: Nonoperative management in IMS has been shown to be safe with similar treatment failure than IC. IMS presented higher mortality in emergency surgery and similar rate of recurrent diverticulitis than IC. Identifying risk factors to emergency surgery may anticipate emergency surgery., (© 2023 Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland.)

Background: To assess short- and long-term outcomes from non-surgical management of diverticulitis with abscess formation and to develop a nomogram to predict emergency surgery., Methods: This nationwide retrospective cohort study was performed in 29 Spanish referral centers, including patients with a first episode of a diverticular abscess (modified Hinchey Ib-II) from 2015 to 2019. Emergency surgery, complications, and recurrent episodes were analyzed. Regression analysis was used to assess risk factors, and a nomogram for emergency surgery was designed., Results: Overall, 1,395 patients were included (1,078 Hinchey Ib and 317 Hinchey II). Most (1,184, 84.9%) patients were treated with antibiotics without percutaneous drainage, and 194 (13.90%) patients required emergency surgery during admission. Percutaneous drainage (208 patients) was associated with a lower risk of emergency surgery in patients with abscesses of ≥5 cm (19.9% vs 29.3%, P = .035; odds ratio 0.59 [0.37-0.96]). The multivariate analysis showed that immunosuppression treatment, C-reactive protein (odds ratio: 1.003; 1.001-1.005), free pneumoperitoneum (odds ratio: 3.01; 2.04-4.44), Hinchey II (odds ratio: 2.15; 1.42-3.26), abscess size 3 to 4.9 cm (odds ratio: 1.87; 1.06-3.29), abscess size ≥5 cm (odds ratio: 3.62; 2.08-6.32), and use of morphine (odds ratio: 3.68; 2.29-5.92) were associated with emergency surgery. A nomogram was developed with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.81 (95% confidence interval: 0.77-0.85)., Conclusion: Percutaneous drainage must be considered in abscesses ≥5 cm to reduce emergency surgery rates; however, there are insufficient data to recommend it in smaller abscesses. The use of the nomogram could help the surgeon develop a targeted approach., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Long-term outcomes of transanal mesorectal excision are still controversial. The aim of this study was to analyze long-term oncological and functional results of TaTME., Methods: Fifty patients with mid-low rectal cancer were included: 20 underwent TaTME and 30 laparoscopic total mesorectal excision. Clinical characteristics of patients and tumors and quality indicators for rectal surgery were described. Long-term functional outcomes were compared in two groups (TaTME vs. laTME). Local recurrence rate was calculated. Kaplan-Meier curves were performed for disease-free and overall survival and log-rank test was used to compare two groups., Results: There were not significant differences between two groups in sex, age ASA Score, neoadjuvant therapy, tumor stage and quality indicators of rectal surgery. After a median follow-up of 46 (41-51) months functional outcomes were significantly worse in TaTME group in terms of rates of maior low anterior resection syndrome score (10% vs. 0%, P=0.009), faucal incontinence (15% vs. 3%, P=0.017), urinary disfunction (10% vs. 0%, P=0.009) and sexual disfunction (15% vs. 13%, P=0.047). Only one patient presented local recurrence (TaTME group, ypT3N0). Overall survival at 1 and 3 years were 92.6% and 90% respectively and disease-free survival at 1 and 3 years were 96% and 90% respectively. There were not significant differences in overall survival and disease-free survival between two groups., Conclusions: Overall survival and disease-free survival after TaTME for rectal cancer were similar to laparoscopic total mesorectal excision. However functional outcomes were worse after TaTME.

Background: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of an Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Protocol (ERAS) in relation to reduce the Systemic Inflammatory Response (SIR) to surgery using C-reactive protein (CRP) in the first (POD1), second (POD2) and third (POD3) postoperative day., Methods: We enrolled 121 patients (ERAS group) that underwent elective colorectal surgery with ERAS, and compared them with 135 patients (preERAS group) that had undergone surgery prior to the implementation. We made a univariate analysis to compare the CRP values in POD1, POD2, and POD3 between preERAS/ERAS group, laparoscopic/open surgery and the presence or not of Clavien Dindo complications. Multivariable lineal regression was used to assess if the ERAS had a decreasing effect on the CRP in POD1, POD2, and POD3, and was adjusted by age, male sex, use of laparoscopy, and complications., Results: The presence of complications was independently associated with an increase in CRP values ​​in POD1, POD2, and POD3. Laparoscopy in POD1 and POD2, and ERAS in POD2 was independently associated with a decrease in CRP values., Conclusion: The analysis shows an increase in SIR measured as a CRP value in those patients that had complications. The SIR decreased with laparoscopy in POD1 and POD2 and with ERAS in POD2., (© 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

Endothelin-1 is an endothelium-derived vasoconstrictor peptide whose plasma levels are increased in patients with colorectal cancer, and which may be involved in tumor blood flow regulation. To study whether response to this peptide is altered in tumor arteries, mesenteric arteries supplying blood flow to colorectal tumors, and mesenteric arteries far from said tumors were obtained from 13 patients undergoing colectomy; mesenteric arteries were also obtained from patients with diverticulitis (n = 4) or inflammatory bowel disease (n = 3). Arteries were prepared for isometric tension recording in an organ bath, and in this preparation it was found that endothelin-1 induced contraction in all three types of arteries, but that sensitivity to this peptide was greater in arteries supplying blood flow to the tumor than in arteries far from the tumor or arteries from patients without cancer. These results suggest that endothelin-1 may regulate blood flow to colorectal tumors by inducing a greater contraction in tumor-supplying arteries than in non-tumor arteries.