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1. Satellite survey of seasonal trophic status and occasional anoxic 'malaigue' crises in the Thau lagoon using MERIS images

Author

Lionel Loubersac, Sandrine Mathieu, Thierry Laugier, Audrey Minghelli-Roman, Pierre Gouton, Laurent Polidori, Laboratoire Electronique, Informatique et Image [UMR6306] (Le2i), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers (ENSAM), Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Signal et Image (SIIM), Laboratoire d'Informatique et Systèmes (LIS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Environnement Ressources (LER-LR), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire Géomatique et foncier (GeF), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), Alcatel-Thalès III-V lab (III-V Lab), THALES-ALCATEL, Laboratoire Laboratoire Environnement Ressources Morbihan Pays de Loire (LER/MPL), Laboratoire Electronique, Informatique et Image ( Le2i ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Environnement Ressources ( LER-LR ), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer ( IFREMER ), École Supérieure des Géomètres et Topographes ( ESGT CNAM ), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] ( CNAM ), Alcatel-Thalès III-V lab ( III-V Lab ), Laboratoire Laboratoire Environnement Ressources Morbihan Pays de Loire ( LER/MPL ), Gouton, Pierre, Université de Bourgogne (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers (ENSAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Environnement Ressources Languedoc Roussillon (LERLR), LITTORAL (LITTORAL), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM), THALES [France]-ALCATEL, and Laboratoire Environnement Ressources Morbihan Pays de Loire (LERMPL)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, [ INFO.INFO-TS ] Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Ecology, [INFO.INFO-TS] Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, [ SPI.SIGNAL ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, 01 natural sciences, Anoxic waters, 6. Clean water, Medium resolution, Oceanography, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, 13. Climate action, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, Satellite, 14. Life underwater, Eutrophication, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Trophic level, [SPI.SIGNAL] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing
Abstract

International audience; The Thau lagoon, located in southern France, suffers episodically from anoxic crises locally known as 'malaigue'. Such crises mostly occur under warm conditions, low winds leading to a strong eutrophication of the lagoon. The development of a sulphur bacterium sometimes gives locally to the waters a 'milky turquoise' appearance and leads to shellfish mortality. One of the indicators of the eutrophication status of the lagoon can be surveyed by the chlorophyll product provided by remote sensing images such as Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS). In this paper we compare chl2 (or algal2) estimations provided by MERIS level 2 products and the ground measurements of chlorophyll a concentrations in water and we propose a linear correction of the chl2 MERIS product. The corrected chl2 estimations obtained over four years are analysed to understand the seasonal evolution of the trophic status of the Thau lagoon. We also study the influence of the anoxic crises of summers 2003 and 2006 on the chl2 estimations and we find a strong correlation between chl2 and the oxygen percentage at 1 m depth (0.70 for measurements in summers 2003 and 2006).

Published
2011

2. Satellite survey of seasonal trophic status and occasional anoxic crises ?Malaigues? in the Thau lagoon using MeRIS images

Author

Laugier , Thierry, Polidori , Laurent, Mathieu , Sandrine, Loubersac , Lionel, Minghelli-Roman , Audrey, Domingues Vinhas, William, Laboratoire Environnement Ressources (LER-LR), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire Géomatique et foncier (GeF), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), Thales Alenia Space, Laboratoire Laboratoire Environnement Ressources Morbihan Pays de Loire (LER/MPL), Laboratoire Electronique, Informatique et Image [UMR6306] (Le2i), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers (ENSAM), Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Laboratoire Environnement Ressources ( LER-LR ), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer ( IFREMER ), École Supérieure des Géomètres et Topographes ( ESGT CNAM ), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] ( CNAM ), Laboratoire Laboratoire Environnement Ressources Morbihan Pays de Loire ( LER/MPL ), Laboratoire Electronique, Informatique et Image ( Le2i ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Environnement Ressources Languedoc Roussillon (LERLR), LITTORAL (LITTORAL), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM), Thales Alenia Space [Toulouse] (TAS), THALES [France], Laboratoire Environnement Ressources Morbihan Pays de Loire (LERMPL), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers (ENSAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, and HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[ INFO.INFO-TS ] Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, [INFO.INFO-TS] Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience; The Thau lagoon, located in southern France, suffers episodically from anoxic crises locally known as'malaigue'. Such crises mostly occur under warm conditions, low winds leading to a strongeutrophication of the lagoon. The development of a sulphur bacterium sometimes gives locally to thewaters a 'milky turquoise' appearance and leads to shellfish mortality. One of the indicators of theeutrophication status of the lagoon can be surveyed by the chlorophyll product provided by remotesensing images such as Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS). In this paper wecompare chl2 (or algal2) estimations provided by MERIS level 2 products and the groundmeasurements of chlorophyll a concentrations in water and we propose a linear correction of the chl2MERIS product. The corrected chl2 estimations obtained over four years are analysed to understandthe seasonal evolution of the trophic status of the Thau lagoon. We also study the influence of theanoxic crises of summers 2003 and 2006 on the chl2 estimations and we find a strong correlationbetween chl2 and the oxygen percentage at 1 m depth (0.70 for measurements in summers 2003 and2006)

Published
2011

3. Changes in planktonic microbial components in interaction with juvenile oysters during a mortality episode in the Thau lagoon (France)

Author

Behzad Mostajir, Marion Richard, Charles Vanhuysse, Serge Mortreux, Béatrice Bec, Valerie Derolez, Jocelyne Oheix, Jean Luc Rolland, Patrick Le Gall, Vincent Ouisse, Sébastien Mas, Franck Lagarde, David Parin, Annie Fiandrino, Myriam D. Callier, Gregory Messiaen, Camila Chantalat, Martine Fortune, E. Hatey, Anaïs Degut, Dominique Munaron, Emmanuelle Roque D'Orbcastel, Laboratoire d'Informatique Médicale et Ingénierie des Connaissances en e-Santé (LIMICS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris 13 (UP13), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut des Sciences de la MER de Rimouski (ISMER), Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Centre d'Ecologie marine expérimentale (MEDIMEER), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Environnement Ressources (LER-LR), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (AD2M), Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer, Station expérimentale de Palavas les Flots, Laboratoire Laboratoire Environnement Ressources Morbihan Pays de Loire (LER/MPL), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Environnement Ressources Languedoc Roussillon (LERLR), LITTORAL (LITTORAL), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), and Laboratoire Environnement Ressources Morbihan Pays de Loire (LERMPL)

Subjects
Spat, Oyster, animal structures, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Zoology, Aquatic Science, 03 medical and health sciences, Heterotrophic flagellates, Aquaculture, biology.animal, Juvenile, 14. Life underwater, Mortality, Picoplankton, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Shellfish, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Ciliates, biology, business.industry, Balanion, fungi, food and beverages, Pelagic zone, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Pacific oyster, equipment and supplies, biology.organism_classification, Magallana gigas, Uronema, OsHV-1 mu Var, Crassostrea gigas, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040102 fisheries, bacteria, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Crassostrea, business
Abstract

Oysters modify the planktonic microbial community structure by their filtration and NH4 excretion activities. While many studies have been conducted on this subject with adult oysters, none had been carried out in situ with juveniles. Pacific oyster juveniles (Magallana gigas, previously Crassostrea gigas) died massively all over the world since 2008 in relation with OsHV-1 infection. During mortality episodes, sick and dead oysters are not separated from healthy live ones, and left to decay in the surrounding environment, with unknown consequences for the nutrient cycle and planktonic microbial components (PMC). The present study aimed to elucidate for the first time the interactions between oyster juveniles and PMC during a mortality episode. Innovative 425-L pelagic chambers were deployed weekly in situ around oyster lanterns along a stocking-density gradient in the Thau Mediterranean lagoon (France) before, during and after an oyster mortality episode, from April to May 2015. This study reveals (i) significant changes of planktonic microbial community structure during mortality episodes, with a proliferation of picoplankton (

Published
2019
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4. An Unstructured Numerical Model to Study Wind-Driven Circulation Patterns in a Managed Coastal Mediterranean Wetland: The Vaccarès Lagoon System

Author

Olivier Boutron, Alain Sandoz, Patrick Höhener, Yves Chérain, Olivier Bertrand, Annie Fiandrino, Eric Coulet, Philippe Chauvelon, Centre de recherche de la Tour du Valat, Artelia Eau & Environnement [Lyon], Laboratoire Environnement Ressources Languedoc Roussillon (LERLR), LITTORAL (LITTORAL), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire Chimie de l'environnement (LCE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix-Marseille Université - Faculté des Sciences (AMU SCI), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Matériaux de Bretagne (LIMATB), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Brest (UBO), Laboratoire Environnement Ressources (LER-LR), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), and Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Brest (UBO)

Subjects
Delta, Mediterranean climate, lcsh:Hydraulic engineering, coastal lagoon, Geography, Planning and Development, Wetland, Aquatic Science, Biochemistry, lcsh:Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes, lcsh:TC1-978, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, 14. Life underwater, Water Science and Technology, validation, Nature reserve, Hydrology, lcsh:TD201-500, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Biosphere, calibration, 6. Clean water, Circulation (fluid dynamics), Ramsar site, Oceanography, hydrodynamics, Environmental science, Spatial variability, wind-driven circulation, mathematical model
Abstract

International audience; The spatiotemporal structure of wind-driven circulation patterns and associated water exchanges can drive important bio-hydrodynamic interactions in shallow lagoons. The Vaccares lagoon system is a complex shallow hydrosystem located in the central part of the Rhone Delta (France). It is internationally recognized as part of a biosphere reserve within the framework of UNESCO's Man and Biosphere Programme, and as a RAMSAR site. Due to its frequent occurrence in this area, and considering the shallowness of the Vaccares lagoon system, wind is assumed to play a major role in the hydrodynamic and biological processes. In this study, a hydrodynamic model was developed to investigate the structure of wind-driven circulations in the Vaccares lagoon system, to provide insights into their role in transport and water exchange processes. The implementation and assessment (calibration and validation) of the model is presented first. Simulations were then performed for two typical steady wind conditions and for one measured unsteady wind event. The results illustrate the influence of the complex geometry of the Vaccares lagoon system on the wind-driven circulations, and the differences observed between the different sub-lagoons in this system. The differences in wind-induced water exchanges between these sub-lagoons are also discussed.

Published
2015
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5. From seascape to habitat functioning: An ecosystem based approach to assess the status of Mediterranean micro-estuaries

Author

Massey, Jean-Laurent, Pasqualini, Vanina, Baldi, Yoann, Bec, Béatrice, Derolez, Valérie, Fiandrino, Annie, Garrido, Marie, Orsoni, Valérie, Rébillout, Patrick, Ouisse, Vincent, De Wit, Rutger, Sciences pour l'environnement (SPE), Université Pascal Paoli (UPP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Environnement Ressources Morbihan Pays de Loire (LERMPL), LITTORAL (LITTORAL), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire Environnement Ressources Languedoc Roussillon (LERLR), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (AD2M), Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pascal Paoli (UPP), Laboratoire Laboratoire Environnement Ressources Morbihan Pays de Loire (LER/MPL), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire Environnement Ressources (LER-LR), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)

Subjects
[SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2016

6. Tissue-diet discrimination factors of isotopic ratios (∆δ13C and ∆δ15N) in two brittle star species: Effect of reproductive state, diet and tissue composition

Author

Stanislas F. Dubois, Fabrice Pernet, Jean-Dominique Gaffet, Aline Blanchet-Aurigny, Monique Guillou, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Benthique, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Environnement Ressources (LER-LR), and PNEC

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, δ13C, Physiological state, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Ophiocomina nigra, Fractionation, δ15N, Mussel, Aquatic Science, Biology, Enrichment factors, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Isotopic signature, Animal science, Brittle star, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Botany, Ophiothrix fragilis, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Echinoderms, Stable isotopes
Abstract

International audience; Tissue-diet discrimination factors (TDDFs) for carbon (∆δ13C) and nitrogen (∆δ15N) were estimated for two brittle star species (Ophiocomina nigra and Ophiothrix fragilis) in tissues of two body compartments (disk and arms) according to different diets (fish muscle, mussel and macroalgae). Variations in TDDFs are studied in the light of physiological changes, as two phases were revealed over the course of the experiment, i.e. a gonadal rest and a gonadal maturation. Overall, the average ∆δ13C and ∆δ15N values ranged from − 4.1 ± 0.2 to 1.5 ± 0.2‰ and from − 1.8 ± 0.2 to 4.0 ± 0.3‰, respectively. Variability in TDDFs revealed little differences between species but appeared to be mainly driven by the diet and the physiological state of the organisms to a lesser extent. ∆δ13C in gonadal resting organisms were systematically ca. 0.8‰ lower than in gonadal maturing species. TDDF values for organisms fell within the range of expected values, except for ∆δ13C with macroalgae diet and ∆δ15N with fish muscle diet. As revealed by %N and CN ratios, high dietary-protein seemed to play a key role in explaining ∆δ15N values, while ∆δ13C seemed to be affected by differential assimilation efficiency in dietary components. We also suggested a possible effect of isotopic signature of the diet on TDDFs showing that the more enriched the diet in δ15N and δ13C, the lower the TDDF.

Published
2012
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7. Expression of candidate genes related to metabolism, immunity and cellular stress during massive mortality in the American oyster Crassostrea virginica larvae in relation to biochemical and physiological parameters

Author

Pierre Boudry, Réjean Tremblay, Elise David, Fabrice Pernet, Dario Moraga, Bertrand Genard, Institut des Sciences de la MER de Rimouski (ISMER), Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Environnement Ressources (LER-LR), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Unité de Recherche Vigne et Vins de Champagne Stress et Environnement - EA 4707 (URVVC), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physiologie des Invertébrés (LPI), and Institut des Sciences de la Mer

Subjects
Candidate gene, Oyster, Cellular stress, Biology, Immune System Phenomena, 03 medical and health sciences, Larvae, 0302 clinical medicine, Immune system, Stress, Physiological, Immunity, biology.animal, Gene expression, Genetics, Animals, Crassostrea, Mortality, Gene, Genetic Association Studies, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Base Sequence, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Bacterial Infections, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, Cytoprotection, Relative gene expression, Metabolism, Massive mortality, Larva, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Energy Metabolism, Biomarkers
Abstract

International audience; Quantification of mRNA of genes related to metabolism, immunity and cellular stress was examined in relation to a massive mortality event during the culture of American oyster larvae. Crassostrea virginica which was probably, in regard to previous microbiological analysis, induced by Vibrio infection. To document molecular changes associated with the mortality event, mRNA levels were compared to biochemical and physiological data, previously described in a companion paper. Among the 18 genes studied, comparatively to the antibiotic control, 10 showed a lower relative gene expression when the massive mortality occurred. Six of them are presumed to be related to metabolism, corroborating the metabolic depression associated with the mortality event suggested by biochemical and physiological analyses. Relationships between the regulation of antioxidant enzyme activities, lipid peroxidation, and the mRNA abundance of genes linked to oxidative stress, cytoprotection, and immune response are also discussed. Finally, we observed an increase in the transcript abundance of two genes involved in apoptosis and cell regulation simultaneously with mortality, suggesting that these processes might be linked. Crown Copyright (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
2012
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8. Dietary BMAA Exposure in an Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Cluster from Southern France

Author

Estelle Masseret, Sandra Banack, Farid Boumédiène, Eric Abadie, Luc Brient, Fabrice Pernet, Raoul Juntas-Morales, Nicolas Pageot, James Metcalf, Paul Cox, William Camu, French Network on ALS Clusters Detection and Investigation, Ecosystèmes lagunaires : organisation biologique et fonctionnement (ECOLAG), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Ethnomedicine, University of Wyoming (UW), Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale (NET), CHU Limoges-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Laboratoire Environnement Ressources Languedoc Roussillon (LERLR), LITTORAL (LITTORAL), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier (INM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre référent Sclérose Latérale Amyotrophique [CHRU Montpellier] (SLA CHRU Montpellier), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Grelier, Elisabeth, Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-CHU Limoges-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire Environnement Resources-Languedoc Roussillon, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Laboratoire Environnement Ressources (LER-LR), Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier - Déficits sensoriels et moteurs (INM), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Male, Science, BMAA, Bacterial Toxins, Zoology, Food Contamination, Biology, Cyanobacteria, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Animals, Humans, 14. Life underwater, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Shellfish, 030304 developmental biology, Retrospective Studies, 0303 health sciences, Microbial toxins, Multidisciplinary, Ecology, Dietary exposure, Cyanotoxin, Bivalvia, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Medicine, Female, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, France, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Research Article
Abstract

BackgroundDietary exposure to the cyanotoxin BMAA is suspected to be the cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in the Western Pacific Islands. In Europe and North America, this toxin has been identified in the marine environment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis clusters but, to date, only few dietary exposures have been described.ObjectivesWe aimed at identifying cluster(s) of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in the Hérault district, a coastal district from Southern France, and to search, in the identified area(s), for the existence of a potential dietary source of BMAA.MethodsA spatio-temporal cluster analysis was performed in the district, considering all incident amyotrophic lateral sclerosis cases identified from 1994 to 2009 by our expert center. We investigated the cluster area with serial collections of oysters and mussels that were subsequently analyzed blind for BMAA concentrations.ResultsWe found one significant amyotrophic lateral sclerosis cluster (p = 0.0024), surrounding the Thau lagoon, the most important area of shellfish production and consumption along the French Mediterranean coast. BMAA was identified in mussels (1.8 µg/g to 6.0 µg/g) and oysters (0.6 µg/g to 1.6 µg/g). The highest concentrations of BMAA were measured during summer when the highest picocyanobacteria abundances were recorded.ConclusionsWhile it is not possible to ascertain a direct link between shellfish consumption and the existence of this ALS cluster, these results add new data to the potential association of BMAA with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, one of the most severe neurodegenerative disorder.

Published
2013
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9. Integrative Study of Physiological Changes Associated with Bacterial Infection in Pacific Oyster Larvae

Author

Philippe Miner, Réjean Tremblay, Pierre Boudry, Bertrand Genard, Jean-Louis Nicolas, Fabrice Pernet, Dario Moraga, Institut des Sciences de la MER de Rimouski (ISMER), Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Environnement Ressources (LER-LR), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Institut des Sciences de la Mer, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Environnement Ressources Languedoc Roussillon (LERLR), LITTORAL (LITTORAL), and Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)

Subjects
Enzyme Metabolism, Aquaculture, Phospholipase, medicine.disease_cause, Biochemistry, Lipoxygenase, Molecular Cell Biology, Gram Negative, Immune Response, Cellular Stress Responses, chemistry.chemical_classification, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, biology, Agriculture, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Genomics, Bacterial Infections, Pacific oyster, Lipids, Enzymes, Functional Genomics, Bacterial Pathogens, Larva, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Medicine, Polyunsaturated fatty acid, Research Article, Science, Immunology, Microbiology, Models, Biological, Superoxide dismutase, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Animals, 14. Life underwater, Crassostrea, Biology, Microbial Pathogens, 030304 developmental biology, Vibrio, Enzyme Kinetics, Pacific Ocean, Vibrio coralliilyticus, Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis, Fatty acid, Pathogenic bacteria, biology.organism_classification, Survival Analysis, Oxidative Stress, chemistry, 040102 fisheries, biology.protein, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Energy Metabolism
Abstract

International audience; BACKGROUND: Bacterial infections are common in bivalve larvae and can lead to significant mortality, notably in hatcheries. Numerous studies have identified the pathogenic bacteria involved in such mortalities, but physiological changes associated with pathogen exposure at larval stage are still poorly understood. In the present study, we used an integrative approach including physiological, enzymatic, biochemical, and molecular analyses to investigate changes in energy metabolism, lipid remodelling, cellular stress, and immune status of Crassostrea gigas larvae subjected to experimental infection with the pathogenic bacteria Vibrio coralliilyticus. FINDINGS: Our results showed that V. coralliilyticus exposure induced (1) limited but significant increase of larvae mortality compared with controls, (2) declined feeding activity, which resulted in energy status changes (i.e. reserve consumption, β-oxidation, decline of metabolic rate), (3) fatty acid remodeling of polar lipids (changes in phosphatidylinositol and lysophosphatidylcholine composition', non-methylene-interrupted fatty acids accumulation, lower content of major C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids as well as activation of desaturases, phospholipase and lipoxygenase), (4) activation of antioxidant defenses (catalase, superoxide dismutase, peroxiredoxin) and cytoprotective processes (heat shock protein 70, pernin), and (5) activation of the immune response (non-self recognition, NF-κκ signaling pathway, haematopoiesis, eiconosoids and lysophosphatidyl acid synthesis, inhibitor of metalloproteinase and antimicrobial peptides). CONCLUSION: Overall, our results allowed us to propose an integrative view of changes induced by a bacterial infection in Pacific oyster larvae, opening new perspectives on the response of marine bivalve larvae to infections.

Published
2013
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10. Temperature influence on pathogen transmission and subsequent mortalities in juvenile Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas

Author

René Robert, Fabrice Pernet, Bruno Petton, Pierre Boudry, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO), Laboratoire Environnement Ressources (LER-LR), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Environnement Ressources Languedoc Roussillon (LERLR), LITTORAL (LITTORAL), and Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)

Subjects
Oyster, Veterinary medicine, Ostreid herpesvirus 1, Survival, Population, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Aquatic Science, law.invention, Vibrios, 03 medical and health sciences, law, biology.animal, Pathology, Juvenile, 14. Life underwater, education, Pathogen, 030304 developmental biology, Water Science and Technology, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, biology, Temperature, food and beverages, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, biology.organism_classification, Vibrio, Fishery, Transmission (mechanics), [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040102 fisheries, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Crassostrea, Seawater, Juvenile oyster
Abstract

International audience; Since 2008, mass mortalities of 1-yr-old Crassostrea gigas associated with the ostreid herpesvirus OsHV-1 μVar have occurred along all the coasts of France when seawater temperature reaches 16 to 17°C. The present study aimed to characterize the effect of temperature on oyster survival in combination with OsHV-1 DNA quantification by standard real-time PCR and total vibrio population levels in oyster tissues. To examine the effect of seawater temperature on disease transmission and related mortality of oysters, cohabitation experiments were conducted between healthy naïve oysters and oysters previously exposed to field conditions in areas where mortalities were occurring. Oysters initially maintained in controlled conditions (free of mortality and negative for OsHV-1), and then transferred to an area where high mortalities were occurring among farmed stocks, became infected with OsHV-1 and exhibited high loads of vibrios followed by significant mortalities. When previously exposed oysters were maintained indoors at 13.0°C for 40 d and then at 20.6°C, they exhibited no mortality, were negative for OsHV-1 detection, and did not transmit the disease to healthy oysters. Survival of previously exposed oysters maintained indoors at 8 temperatures ranging from 13.4 to 29.0°C varied from 25 to 48% and was negatively correlated with holding temperature. Concomitantly, survival of naïve cohabiting animals (62 to 98%) decreased with increasing seawater temperature until a plateau was reached between 16.2 and 21.9°C, and increased at higher temperatures. Therefore, the optimal temperature range for disease transmission from field-exposed to naïve animals was between 16.2 and 21.9°C. Our results suggest that a long-term period (40 d) at low temperature (13°C) may offer a method of mitigating mortalities in oysters that have been exposed to an infective environment.

Published
2013
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11. Why, how, and how far should microbiological contamination in a coastal zone be mitigated? An application of the systems approach to the Thau lagoon (France)

Author

Rémi Mongruel, Thierry Laugier, François Valette, Valerie Derolez, Michel Lample, Johanna Ballé-Béganton, José A. Pérez Agúndez, Sébastien Roussel, Nicola Gallai, Annie Fiandrino, Alice Vanhoutte-Brunier, Aménagement des Usages des Ressources et des Espaces marins et littoraux - Centre de droit et d'économie de la mer (AMURE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Laboratoire Environnement Ressources (LER-LR), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire Montpelliérain d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée (LAMETA), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Pollution, Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, media_common.quotation_subject, Context (language use), 010501 environmental sciences, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, 01 natural sciences, Systems modeling, Waste Disposal, Fluid, 12. Responsible consumption, Water Quality, Microbiological contamination, Integrated assessment, Water pollution, Waste Management and Disposal, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, Strategic planning, business.industry, Environmental resource management, Water Pollution, General Medicine, Contamination, Models, Theoretical, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, 6. Clean water, Environmental Policy, Work (electrical), 13. Climate action, Technical options, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, Economic model, Water quality, France, business, Water Microbiology, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

Full text : http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00136/24775/22959.pdf (Version "auteur", 0.77 Mo); International audience; This paper describes the building of an integrated simulation tool based on a systems approach, and its contribution to local political discussion of the mitigation of microbiological contamination of the water in a coastal area. Local management schemes view water quality as a high-priority environmental objective. In practice, how far this objective is achieved depends on trade-offs between the costs of improved water treatment facilities and the acceptable impacts of water contamination. An in-the-field experiment in collaboration with local managers was carried out in the Thau lagoon on the French Mediterranean coast during the SPICOSA (Science and Policy Integration for Coastal System Assessment) project, from 2007 through 2011. It consisted of building a modeling platform and an integrated assessment framework for simulating exploratory scenarios. The modeling platform combines a dynamic contamination model, which represents the sources of microbiological contamination, wastewater treatment facilities, and physical mechanisms of lagoon contamination, with a prospective economic model, which estimates the patterns of development of economic activities in the area through a holistic approach. Exploratory scenarios are used to assess the risk of water contamination and the efficiency of management measures, under various assumptions about the evolution of the system. The contamination simulations suggest that the work currently planned by local authorities will be inadequate for preventing increased water pollution, and that additional but fairly inexpensive management measures for maintaining the current level of water quality should be considered. The integrated assessment framework estimates the ecological and socio-economic impacts of the various pollution mitigation policies in the broader context of possible local development patterns. The results illustrate how the systems approach may aid in the design of an applicable water policy based on operational objectives and feasible technical options. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Published
2011
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12. Physiological and biochemical changes associated with massive mortality events occurring in larvae of American oyster (Crassostrea virginica)

Author

Karine Lemarchand, Dario Moraga, Pierre Boudry, Bertrand Genard, Fabrice Pernet, Réjean Tremblay, Institut des Sciences de la MER de Rimouski (ISMER), Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Institut de Recherche sur les Zones Cotières (IRZC), Université de Moncton, Laboratoire Environnement Ressources (LER-LR), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Physiologie et Ecophysiologie des Mollusques Marins, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Oyster, Antioxidant, Crassostrea virginica, medicine.medical_treatment, Aquatic Science, medicine.disease_cause, Superoxide dismutase, Lipid peroxidation, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Larvae, biology.animal, medicine, Citrate synthase, Fatty acids, 030304 developmental biology, chemistry.chemical_classification, 0303 health sciences, biology, Glutathione peroxidase, Microbial environment, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Energy metabolism, Lipid, biology.organism_classification, chemistry, Biochemistry, Massive mortality, Oxidative stress, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040102 fisheries, biology.protein, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Crassostrea, Antioxidant enzymes
Abstract

International audience; In this paper, biochemical and physiological analyses were used to characterize changes associated with mortality event occurred during veliger development of American oyster, Crassostrea virginica. Biochemical analyses included the evaluation of lipid classes, fatty acid composition and total protein content. Larval physiology was evaluated by studying feeding activity, enzymes related to energy metabolism, oxidative stress levels and enzymatic antioxidant defenses. These analyses were complemented by bacterial community analyses as well as by measuring larval oyster performance. We observed that mortality events coincided with (1) strong changes in the surrounding bacterial community; (2) a progressive decrease in feeding activity; (3) higher levels of some lipid classes (free fatty acids, diglycerides, and acetone mobile phospholipids); (4) lower levels of phospholipids and protein; (5) higher contents of non-methylene interrupted dienoic fatty acids (22:2 NMI); (6) a decrease in energy metabolism activity (citrate synthase and cytochrome oxidase activities); (7) a higher oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation level); and (8) an activation of antioxidant defences before mortality (glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase). We hypothesized that mortality emergence was related to higher energy consumption coupled with the progressive decline in feeding activity, lowered energy reserves and a decrease in energy metabolism activity. Thus, the low energy availability limited the efficiency of antioxidant defenses, resulting in a higher oxidative stress.

Published
2011
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13. Guide pour le suivi de la qualité du milieu marin en Nouvelle-Calédonie

Author

Beliaeff, Benoit, Bouvet, Guénolé, Fernandez, Jean-Michel, David, Carine, Laugier, Thierry, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie]), Centre des Nouvelles Etudes sur le Pacifique (CNEP), Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC), Laboratoire Environnement Ressources (LER-LR), CNRT Nickel et son environnement, Programme Zonéco, CNRT Nickel et son environnement., Laboratoire Environnement Ressources Languedoc Roussillon (LERLR), LITTORAL (LITTORAL), and Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)

Subjects
Milieu marin, Lagon, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Cahier des charges, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Indicateur écologique, Qualité de l'eau, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Nouvelle-Calédonie, Suivi environnemental, Récif, Gestion de l'environnement
Abstract

This guide is intended to facilitate the implementation of specifications for marine environmental monitoring in New Caledonia. It is intended for public or private environmental actors. He provides a set of information on marine monitoring: summary of environmental regulations and the practical implications, definitions of terms, proposed general approach for the establishment of a monitoring, sampling strategy elements, method to develop reference frames, recommendations for the management and exploitation of data collected. The guide also provides lists of suggested environmental parameters to monitor for different pressures and general state of the environment, as well as, a set of methodology sheets for parameters and (when available) the reference values​​. This guide produced in 2011 based on technical and scientific knowledge that can evolve and is intended to be updated in the future., Ce guide est destiné à faciliter la réalisation de cahiers des charges pour les suivis environnementaux marins en Nouvelle-Calédonie. Il s’adresse aux acteurs environnementaux publics ou privés. Il leur fournit un ensemble d’informations relatives aux suivis marins : résumé de la réglementation environnementale et de ces implications concrètes, définitions de termes, proposition de démarche générale pour la mise en place d’un suivi, éléments de stratégie d’échantillonnage, méthode pour concevoir des grilles de lecture, préconisations en matière de gestion et de valorisation des données récoltées. Le guide fournit également des listes de paramètres conseillés pour suivre différentes pressions et l’état général du milieu ainsi qu’une série de fiches méthodologiques pour les paramètres et (quand elles existent) des valeurs de référence. Ce guide produit en 2011 s’appuie sur des techniques et des connaissances scientifiques qui peuvent évoluer et est destiné à subir des modifications dans les années à venir.

Published
2011
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14. Field investigations and multi-indicators for shallow water lagoon management: perspective for societal benefit

Author

Brehmer, Patrice, Do Chi, Thang, Laugier, Thierry, Galgani, François, Laloë, Francis, Darnaude, Audrey, Fiandrino, Annie, Mouillot, David, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie des systèmes marins côtiers (Ecosym), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Environnement Ressources (LER-LR), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire Environnement Ressources Provence - Azur - Corse, Gouvernance, Risque, Environnement, Développement (GRED), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Environnement Ressources Languedoc Roussillon (LERLR), LITTORAL (LITTORAL), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire Environnement Ressources Provence Azur Corse (LERPAC), and Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)

Subjects
observatory, eutrophication, Mediterranean Sea observatory, coastal lagoon, indicator, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Mediterranean Sea, ecological assessment, management, ecotoxicology
Abstract

1. Abiotic and biotic variables of coastal lagoons are highly heterogeneous in both space and time, and this heterogeneity complicates the assessment of their ecological status. These variables are essential to the monitoring and preservation of these fragile ecotones and the resources and services they sustain. 2. An integrative approach for evaluating the ecological status of coastal lagoons, based on field investigations of the key parameters driving their functioning and a set of selected ecological indicators matching lagoon management information needs for societal benefits, is investigated. Consistency in lagoon status evaluation from multiple and different variables was estimated, through a case study comparing three adjacent yet contrasting French Mediterranean shallow water lagoons. 3. French Mediterranean shallow water lagoons are used to demonstrate the potential of such an approach and to underline the need for a multi-faceted framework, for correctly evaluating lagoon status, and underlining the need for high-frequency lagoon monitoring to avoid errors in status assessment and resulting management plans. 4. Based on the results, a continuous monitoring system is proposed that would record high frequency biotic and abiotic data in the lagoons. The use of such an ad hoc observatory system, based on appropriate diagnostic indicators and risk estimators would simplify interactions between scientists and managers and would improve the efficiency of their analyses. 5. A lagoon management plan based on a holistic approach is proposed to help scientists and local managers to reach a consensus about the set of ecological indicators to monitor in the lagoons needed to assess their global health status in accordance with both conservation and/or societal needs. Copyright (c) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Published
2011
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