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AimsPrior research has been mainly concerned with the ability of patients with Korsakoff syndrome (KS) to project themselves into the past. Little is known about the patients’ ability to project themselves into the future. We therefore compared past and future thinking in patients with KS.MethodsWe invited patients with KS and control participants to retrieve past events and reconstruct future events. Participants were also invited to rate subjective characteristics (i.e. time travel, emotional feeling, and visual imagery) of the past and future events.ResultsPatients with KS demonstrated low specificity, time travel, and emotional experience during past and future thinking. However, while lower emotional experience was observed in patients with KS than in the control participants during future thinking, no significant differences were observed between the two populations during past thinking. Regarding within-group comparisons, patients with KS demonstrated no significant differences between past and future thinking in terms of specificity, time travel, and visual imagery; however, they demonstrated higher emotional experience during past than during future thinking. Regarding control participants, they demonstrated no significant differences between past and future thinking in terms of specificity, time travel, emotional experience, and visual imagery.ConclusionOur findings demonstrate a diminished ability to construct specific future scenarios as well as a diminished subjective experience during future thinking in KS.

International audience; BackgroundWhile there has been a body of work that has investigated past thinking in individuals with alcohol use disorders (AUD), little is known about future thinking in these individuals.MethodsWe invited participants with AUD and control participants to construct past and future events. We have also investigated the relationship between constructing past and future events and depression.ResultsBy analyzing the specificity (i.e., the ability in constructing specific events situated in time and space) of these events, results demonstrated lower specificity of past and future thinking in AUD participants compared to control participants. No significant differences were observed between the specificity of past and future thinking in AUD or in control participants. Further, significant negative correlations were observed between depression and past/future thinking in AUD participants but not in controls.ConclusionsDifficulties in constructing specific future scenarios, as observed in AUD participants compared with controls, are presumably related to ruminative thinking and emotional avoidance aspects of depression, which should be investigated in future studies. More specifically, individuals with AUD may tend to construct general future scenarios to dwell on negative past events and/or to avoid coping with hopelessness and processing of upsetting or distressful future scenarios.

International audience; We investigated emotional regulation of autobiographical memories in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). AD patients and control participants were asked to retrieve memories in response to “happy” and “sad” cues. Participants were also asked to rate the emotional valence of memories at retrieval as well as at the moment the events were encoded. Results showed that both control participants and AD patients rated memories cued by “happy” as more positive when retrieved than when encoded. Both control participants and AD patients also rated memories cued by “sad” as less negative when retrieved than when encoded. Furthermore, emotional regulation (i.e., emotional variation across retrieval and encoding of memories) was significantly correlated with depression in AD patients and control participants. These findings suggest a cognitive reappraisal strategy by which AD patients 1) attribute positive meaning to positive memories, and 2) view negative emotional memories from a less negative perspective, demonstrating an ability to re-interpret the meaning of these memories, and thereby, to change their emotional impact. This reappraisal strategy seems to be related with depression as depressive symptoms was inversely correlated with cognitive reappraisal in AD.

International audience; We investigated whether autobiographical retrieval would improve the sense of self in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Participants with AD and controls were asked to produce statements describing their self, i.e., statements to the question “Who am I?”, after two conditions: after autobiographical retrieval and after a control verbal fluency task. The production of “Who am I?” statements was analyzed regarding three self-dimensions (i.e., physical self, social self, and psychological self). Results revealed better production of descriptions related to physical self, social self, and psychological self after autobiographical retrieval than after the control condition in AD patients and control participants. At a clinical level, encouraging patients to retrieve autobiographical memories may be used as a tool to activate the sense of self in AD. At a theoretical level, they are concordant with a model suggesting a bidirectional relationship between autobiographical memory and the self in AD.

International audience; Background: While previous research has highlighted the overgenerality of future thinking in alcohol-use disorders (AUD), the emotional characteristics of future thinking were not taken into account. We therefore evaluated the ability to retrieve episodic (i.e., events that happened at a particular place and time and lasted for a day or less) emotional future events in AUD.Methods: We invited 36 participants with AUD and 40 control participants to imagine positive, negative and neutral future scenarios and analyzed these scenarios regarding their episodic characteristics (i.e., the ability of participants to imagine future events situated in time and space enriched with phenomenological details).Results: Analysis demonstrated lower episodic positive, negative and neutral future thinking in participants with AUD than in control participants. Participants with AUD also demonstrated lower episodic positive and negative future thinking compared to episodic neutral future thinking. Interestingly, high depression scores were associated with overgenerality of neutral, positive, and negative future thinking in AUD participants.Conclusions: These findings demonstrate overgenerality of both positive and negative future thinking in AUD. This overgenerality may represent an avoidance strategy in which individuals with AUD may try to avoid the hopelessness and/or conflicts that may be activated when constructing future scenarios.

International audience; Episodic future thinking refers to the ability to travel forward in time to pre-experience an event. Although future thinking has been intimately linked with self and identity, to our knowledge, no prior research has compared episodic future thinking in populations with different substance use disorders. This study investigates whether there are differences in episodic future thinking between these alcohol and opiate users. The study recruited participants who were on the opiate substitution program (n = 31) and individuals who had been diagnosed with alcohol dependence (n = 21) from the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Drug and Health Services. Healthy controls (n = 23) were recruited via Royal Prince Alfred Hospital databases and the general community. Past and future thinking was measured using four cue words. After each cue word, participants rated their phenomenological experience (e.g. emotion, reliving experience). Results indicated that alcohol-dependent individuals performed significantly higher in episodic future thinking compared to opiate users. These findings indicate that not all substance use disorder groups share similar episodic thinking capabilities. Our results suggest that the self-projection component of rehabilitation programs may have to be tailored to the different episodic construction abilities found in substance use disorder groups.

Background and ObjectiveBlood biomarkers for Alzheimer disease (AD) have consistently proven to be associated with CSF or PET biomarkers and effectively discriminate AD from other neurodegenerative diseases. Our aim was to test their utility in clinical practice, from a multicentric unselected prospective cohort where patients presented with a large spectrum of cognitive deficits or complaints.MethodsThe MEMENTO cohort enrolled 2,323 outpatients with subjective cognitive complaint (SCC) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) consulting in 26 French memory clinics. Participants had neuropsychological assessments, MRI, and blood sampling at baseline. CSF sampling and amyloid PET were optional. Baseline blood Aβ42/40 ratio, total tau, p181-tau, and neurofilament light chain (NfL) were measured using a Simoa HD-X analyzer. An expert committee validated incident dementia cases during a 5-year follow-up period.ResultsOverall, 2,277 individuals had at least 1 baseline blood biomarker available (n = 357 for CSF subsample, n = 649 for PET subsample), among whom 257 were diagnosed with clinical AD/mixed dementia during follow-up. All blood biomarkers but total tau were mildly correlated with their equivalence in the CSF (r = 0.33 to 0.46,p< 0.0001) and were associated with amyloid-PET status (p< 0.0001). Blood p181-tau was the best blood biomarker to identify amyloid-PET positivity (area under the curve = 0.74 [95% CI = 0.69; 0.79]). Higher blood and CSF p181-tau and NfL concentrations were associated with accelerated time to AD dementia onset with similar incidence rates, whereas blood Aβ42/40 was less efficient than CSF Aβ42/40. Blood p181-tau alone was the best blood predictor of 5-year AD/mixed dementia risk (c-index = 0.73 [95% CI = 0.69; 0.77]); its accuracy was higher in patients with clinical dementia rating (CDR) = 0 (c-index = 0.83 [95% CI = 0.69; 0.97]) than in patients with CDR = 0.5 (c-index = 0.70 [95% CI = 0.66; 0.74]). A “clinical” reference model (combining demographics and neuropsychological assessment) predicted AD/mixed dementia risk with a c-index = 0.88 [95% CI = 0.86–0.91] and performance increased to 0.90 [95% CI = 0.88; 0.92] when adding blood p181-tau + Aβ42/40. A “research” reference model (clinical model + apolipoprotein E genotype and AD signature on MRI) had a c-index = 0.91 [95% CI = 0.89–0.93] increasing to 0.92 [95% CI = 0.90; 0.93] when adding blood p181-tau + Aβ42/40. Chronic kidney disease and vascular comorbidities did not affect predictive performances.DiscussionIn a clinic-based cohort of patients with SCC or MCI, blood biomarkers may be good hallmarks of underlying pathology but add little to 5-year dementia risk prediction models including traditional predictors.

International audience; Background: Eating disorders (EDs) are liable to alter the disease course of bipolar disorder (BD). We explored the crossed clinical features between EDs and BD, particularly as a function of BD type (BD1 vs. BD2). Methods: 2929 outpatients attending FondaMental Advanced Centers of Expertise were assessed for BD and lifetime EDs with a semi-structured interview, and their sociodemographic, dimensional and clinical data were collected according to a standardized procedure. For each ED type, bivariate analyses were used to investigate associations between these variables and the type of BD type followed by multinomial regressions with the variables associated with EDs and BDs after Bonferroni correction. Results: Comorbid EDs were diagnosed in 478 (16.4 %) cases, and were more prevalent in patients with BD2 than in those with BD1 (20.6 % vs. 12.4 %, p < 0.001). Regression models showed no difference according to the subtype of bipolar disorder on the characteristics of patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN) or binge eating disorder (BED). After multiple adjustments, the factors differentiating BD patients with versus without ED were primarily age, gender, body mass index, more affective lability and comorbidity with anxiety disorders. BD patients with BED also scored higher regarding childhood trauma. BD patients with AN also showed higher risk of past suicide attempts than those with BED. Conclusions: In a large sample of patients with BD, we found a high prevalence of lifetime EDs, especially for the BD2 type. EDs were associated with several severity indicators, but not with BD type-specific characteristics. This should prompt clinicians to carefully screen patients with BD for EDs, regardless of BD and ED types.

International audience; In a world more and more affected by natural and/or industrial disasters, it is essential to understand, analyze and control human behavior during such events. The work presented in this article is one of the results of a transdisciplinary collaboration between geographers, psychologists, mathematicians, computer scientists, operational staff and stakeholders in risk management. This collaboration made it possible to identify the diverse behavioral reactions that can occur during a disaster and to propose a categorization of these behavioral states and their transitions. These behavioral dynamics are described by the APC (Alert-Panic-Control) mathematical model, which integrates two key elements (among others) during disasters: cognition and social contagion. Several scenarios are developed, and a qualitative analysis of the model is conducted to better understand the role of crowd density and risk culture on behavioral dynamics.; Dans un monde de plus en plus touché par les catastrophes naturelles et/ou industrielles, il est essentiel de comprendre, d'analyser et de maîtriser les comportements humains lors de tels événements. Le travail présenté dans cet article est l'un des résultats d'une collaboration transdisciplinaire entre géographes, psychologues, mathématiciens, informaticiens, opérationnels et acteurs de la gestion des risques. Cette collaboration a permis d'identifier les diverses réactions comportementales pouvant survenir lors d'une catastrophe et de proposer une catégorisation de ces états comportementaux et de leurs transitions. Ces dynamiques comportementales sont décrites par le modèle mathématique APC (Alerte-Panique-Contrôle), qui intègre deux éléments clés (parmi d'autres) lors de catastrophes : la cognition et la contagion sociale. Plusieurs scénarios sont développés et une analyse qualitative du modèle est menée pour mieux comprendre le rôle de la densité de la foule et de la culture du risque sur la dynamique comportementale.

The aim of this study was to explore in a hospital setting the relationships between work motivation and stress among psychologists working in hospitals. The second aim was to identify the respective roles of threat appraisal and challenge appraisal in this population. We expected work stress to have a motivational impact in the workplace, with primary cognitive appraisal (e.g., threat or challenge) playing a crucial role. The study included a large sample of 430 French psychologists recruited in French hospitals with a mean age of 33.68 ± 8.73 years. We assessed perceived work stress, work motivation, and primary cognitive appraisal. Analysis showed two main outcomes. First, perceived stress in the workplace impacts work motivation; specifically, the higher the perceived stress, the less motivation is self-determined. Second, threat cognitive appraisal has a direct and negative motivational impact, but also an indirect impact via perceived stress. However, appraisal of work as a cognitive challenge also directly and positively impacts motivation in the workplace, without indirect effects. Finally, work stress, work motivation and primary cognitive appraisals are significantly related with the workplace. These relationships support complementarity with the Transactional Model of Stress and SDT motivational approach in a theoretical and practical perspective in the workplace.

International audience; The current labor market context is characterized by a diversification of forms of employment, a transformation of work organizations and a singularization of career paths. This article aims to analyze and describe how young adults conceive their professional future and how they define adecent job. Data were obtained through semi-structured interviews with ten young adults.The corpus of interviews was subjected to content analysis. The results show that work is a necessity for young people, without being a priori an end in itself. Some criteria of decent work (ILO) are more widespread than others, however, the links with the desire to maintain an activity and the social and fulfillment dimensions tend to show that models of a job integrating the dimension of personal development remain prevalent.This study leads to a reflection on the value of the diploma, which had been meaningless in school and is now presented as a passport to renew professional life. It is true that the emerging adult finds work, but to aspire to more, he or she will have to undergo training, which is now essential for personal and professional development.; El contexto del mercado laboral actual se caracteriza por una diversificación de las formas de empleo, una transformación de las organizaciones del trabajo y una singularización de las trayectorias profesionales. Este artículo pretende analizar y describir la forma en que los jóvenes adultos conciben su futuro profesional y cómo definen un trabajo digno. Los datos se obtuvieron mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas a diez jóvenes adultos. El corpus de las entrevistas se sometió a un análisis de contenido temático. Los resultados muestran que el trabajo es una necesidad para los jóvenes, sin ser a priori un fin en sí mismo. Algunos criterios de trabajo digno (OIT) están más extendidos que otros, sin embargo, los vínculos con el deseo de mantener una actividad y las dimensiones sociales y de realización tienden a mostrar que los modelos de un trabajo que integran la dimensión del desarrollo personal siguen siendo prevalentes. Este estudio conduce a una reflexión sobre el valor del diploma, éste no había tenido sentido en la escuela y ahora se presenta como un pasaporte para renovar la vida profesional. Es cierto que el adulto emergente encuentra trabajo, pero para aspirar a más tendrá que pasar por la formación, que ahora es esencial para el desarrollo personal y profesional.

International audience; ObjectivesThe benefits of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) for stress, depression, and anxiety have been shown in various studies. However, only a few studies have investigated the effects of MBI on positive psychological functioning, and even fewer studies have simultaneously studied positively and negatively valenced variables. Nevertheless, the evaluation of both seems indispensable for understanding mindfulness and its effects on psychological health. Therefore, this randomized controlled trial compared the effects of a home-based, 6-week MBI on positive and negative aspects of three psychological variables.MethodsEighty-seven participants were randomly assigned to an MBI group (n = 40) or a wait-list control group (n = 47). All participants were evaluated in terms of their positive/negative automatic thoughts, self-compassion levels, and use of cognitive emotion regulation strategies before and after the 6-week period. General linear models were used to compare outcomes on positive and negative scales through likelihood ratio tests.ResultsThe MBI group benefited significantly from the intervention. Larger effects of the MBI on positive automatic thoughts (X2(1) = 9.75, p = .001), positive self-compassion (X2(1) = 5.63, p = .02), and “more adaptive” cognitive emotion regulation strategies (X2(1) = 8.99, p = .003) than on their negative counterparts were observed. The effects were moderated by participants’ initial scores for these variables.ConclusionsThe evaluation of MBI outcomes should consistently include positive and negative aspects of psychological health. In addition, the benefits of MBIs depend on participants’ initial scores for the evaluated variables. Therefore, individual differences before the intervention must be considered in evaluations.

International audience; Road accidents are still a major public health issue today, particularly among young drivers for whom these accidents are the leading cause of death. Indeed, they are involved in 31% of accidents and account for 15% of those killed (ONISR: Observatoire National Interministériel de la Sécurité Routière, Paris, 2018). The aim of this study is to explore the factor structure of the multidimensional scale of Traffic Locus of Control (T-LOC) among French students in order to shed new light on the potential causes of accidents. The sample includes 226 French students (145 women and 81 men), all drivers. The questionnaire comprises items translated into French from the T-LOC (Özkan and Lajunen in Pers Individ Dif 38:533–545, 2005) as well as items related to their socio-demographic and mobility characteristics. Exploratory (N = 226) and confirmatory factor (N = 195) analyses indicate that all items contribute to the creation of the four factors: Other drivers, Self, Vehicle and environment and Fate. The results of the hierarchical regressions indicate that Self, Other drivers, number of years holding a driving license, annual mileage, and age are factors that contribute significantly to road risk-taking. The four-factor structure of the French version appears to be an appropriate tool to better understand road behavior.

Background: Stressful events during a pandemic are a major cause of serious health problems, such as burnout, depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among health care workers (HCWs). During three years, HCWs, on the frontline to fight the COVID-19 pandemic, have been at an increased risk of high levels of stress, anxiety, depression, burnout and PTSD. Regarding potential psychological interventions, Eye Movement Desensitization & Reprocessing (EMDR) is a structured, strongly recommended therapy based on its well-known efficacy in reducing PTSD symptoms and anxiety. Objectives: This study, designed as a trial within a cohort (TwiC), aims to 1) estimate the prevalence of depression, burnout and PTSD in a sample of HCWs after experiencing the COVID-19 emergency (cohort part) and 2) assess the efficacy and acceptability of 'EMDR + usual care' for HCWs from the cohort who report significant psychological symptoms (trial part). Methods: The study, designed as a TwiC, consists of a prospective cohort study (n = 3000) with an embedded, pragmatic, randomized open-label superiority trial with two groups (n = 900). Participants included in the trial part are HCWs recruited for the cohort with significant symptoms on at least one psychological dimension (depression, burnout, PTSD) at baseline, 3 months or 6 months, determined by using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Professional Quality of Life (ProQOL) scale, and PTSD Checklist for the DSM-5 (PCL-5). The intervention consists of 12 separate EMDR sessions with a certified therapist. The control group receives usual care. The trial has three primary outcomes: changes in depression, burnout and PTSD scores from randomization to 6 months. All participants are followed up for 12 months. Conclusions: This study provides empirical evidence about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the mental health burden it places on HCWs and assesses the effectiveness of EMDR as a psychological intervention. Trial registration NCT04570202

International audience; Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) is a rare imprinting disorder characterized by prenatal and postnatal growth retardation. The two principal causes of SRS are loss of methylation on chromosome 11p15 (11p15 LOM) and maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 7 (UPD(7)mat). Knowledge of the neuropsychological profile of SRS remains sparse and incomplete even if several difficulties related to attention and learning have been reported both in the literature and by patients with SRS. These difficulties could be the result of troubles in different cognitive domains, but also of executive dysfunction. Nevertheless, executive functioning has never been investigated, even though executive functions play an essential role in psychological development, and are extensively involved in daily life. The present study explored the executive functioning of individuals with SRS due to UPD(7)mat or 11p15 LOM. A battery of executive tasks assessing cognitive flexibility, inhibitory control, and working memory, together with a task assessing sustained attention, was administered to 19 individuals with SRS (13–39 years) and 19 healthy controls. The Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function was also completed by the participants’ families. The results showed that participants with SRS had similar performance (z-scores) to our controls, in a context of normal intellectual efficiency. Group comparisons with Bayesian statistics showed a single difference between the 11p15 LOM and control groups: the completion time for part A of the Trail Making Test appeared to be longer in the 11p15 LOM group than in the control group. However, at the clinical level, several participants with SRS had clinically significant scores on various measures of EFs. Thus, the cognitive phenotype of SRS did not appear to be characterized by executive dysfunction, but individuals with SRS could be at high risk of developing executive dysfunction or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. These results provide new insights into the neuropsychological profile of individuals with SRS.

Le projet Relev s’appuie sur une approche interdisciplinaire en intégrant des compétences en risques naturels (géographie, génie civil, géologie), aménagement du territoire (urbanisme, architecture, génie urbain) et sciences humaines (psychologie, sociologie, histoire), pour permettre d’améliorer la gestion de la reconstruction des territoires et des populations à la suite de catastrophes naturelles.Le projet se concentre sur le relèvement en cours des îles de Saint-Martin et Saint-Barthélemy, à la suite des ouragans Irma et Maria en septembre 2017. L’approche s’est articulée autour de deux temporalités d’étude pour mieux comprendre l’évolution des stratégies de développement de ces territoires exposés aux catastrophes naturelles : d’une part, une analyse historique des stratégies d’aménagement ante-Irma (de 1947 à 2017), d’autre part un retour d’expérience interdisciplinaire post-Irma (2017-2022) pour suivre la reconstruction de ces territoires. Ce retour d’expérience s’est focalisé plus particulièrement sur :• La reconstruction physique des infrastructures endommagées (bâtiments, infrastructures et réseaux techniques),• Le redémarrage des activités du tourisme et des PME en incluant les conséquences de la crise sanitaire de la Covid-19,• Le relèvement humain du point de vue individuel et collectif (état de stress, solidarité, vie sociale, autonomie économique, habitat, etc.),• La réorganisation de la gouvernance locale.L’objectif est de s’appuyer sur une approche intégrée pour contribuer à l’émergence de nouveaux savoirs sur l’efficacité des stratégies de reconstruction post-catastrophe et de renforcer de manière cohérente la résilience des territoires face aux catastrophes naturelles,et par là même, l’adaptation au changement climatique. Les enseignements du projet Relev documentent la gestion de la phase de reconstruction post-catastrophe à Saint-Martin et Saint-Barthélemy, et soulignent la pertinence de planifier cette phase selon des modalités proches de celles déjà adoptées pour anticiper et préparer la gestion de crise. L’analyse interdisciplinaire a permis de mieux comprendre les liens de causalité entre la gouvernance de ces 2 îles, le relèvement psychosociologique des sinistrés, la reconstruction des infrastructures endommagées, la reprise des activités touristiques et l’histoire de l’urbanisation d’îles exposées aux risques naturels.En amont de futures catastrophes, les enseignements du projet alimenteront également l’élaboration d’outils et de méthodes pour anticiper la gestion de la phase de reconstruction post-catastrophe. L’approche interdisciplinaire initiée dans le projet Relev nous incite à poursuivre cet effort de rapprochement et d’échange entre les disciplines à l’avenir, notamment sur des sujets mêlant enjeux environnementaux et sociétaux.

International audience; The aim of the present study was to show that examining the interactions between personality traits and subjective work experience (SWE) can be an interesting approach to understanding turnover. During the months following their enlistment, 186 resigning and 77 nonresigning military personnel were questioned about six SWE dimensions. During the recruitment process, they had undergone a Big Five personality test. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to study the effects of personality and SWE on turnover. Binomial generalized linear models enabled us to identify interaction effects between personality traits and SWE. These showed that open individuals who feel a high level of specialty satisfaction are less likely to quit. Similarly, individuals with high levels of neuroticism or conscientiousness are more inclined to resign if the environment is perceived to be stressful. The same applies to agreeable individuals who have negative perceptions of their interpersonal relationships. This study highlights the complexity of voluntary turnover and the need to investigate the transactions between personality and contextual characteristics with nonlinear models.

Few studies have considered health-related quality of life (HRQOL) as a primary outcome measure in adult survivors of primary brain tumor (PBT), and fewer still have studied the cognitive factors that may influence it. Research suggests that executive functions (EFs) are associated with HRQOL, but there is scant evidence to support this. The present study was conducted to (1) extend prior findings about HRQOL limitations in a sample of stable, long-term adult survivors of PBT, (2) investigate the associations between objective/reported EFs and HRQOL, and (3) identify the EFs that contribute most to HRQOL.We recruited 40 survivors of PBT (2 years post-treatment) and 40 matched healthy controls. Participants completed an objective EF assessment (inhibition, working memory, shifting, and rule detection) and two self-report questionnaires probing EFs (Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult) and HRQOL (Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form 36). Participants' relatives completed observer-rated versions of these questionnaires.Patients' objective EF performances were relatively intact. However, patients and caregivers reported significantly more problems than healthy controls and their relatives, for both EFs and HRQOL. There were only negligible links between objective EFs and HRQOL, whereas numerous associations were found between reported EFs and HRQOL components. ANCOVA models revealed that specific reported EF processes contributed to both the physical and mental components of HRQOL, regardless of group.From a clinical point of view, this study demonstrates that even several years after end of treatment, adult PBT survivors experience substantial problems across different HRQOL domains. HRQOL assessment should therefore be part of the long-term follow-up of PBT survivors, and clinicians should consider EF limitations when designing appropriate survivorship care plans. These findings indicate that cognitive interventions targeting EFs could improve HRQOL.

International audience; BACKGROUND: Addressing chronic low back pain (cLBP) from the point of view of representation allows better understanding the behaviors associated with it and thus improve its medical and socio-occupational management. The Quebec Questionnaire of Representations related to Work Disability (QRWoD) proposes an evaluation of 9 dimensions of the cLBP-related representation. OBJECTIVE: To translate and adapt the QRoWD to French language and assess its validity and reliability in French cLBP workers on prolonged sick leave. METHODS: A prospective study was conducted from March 2017 to April 2018 in the Department of occupational health of the University Hospital of Angers, France. The QRWoD is a self-administered questionnaire (87 items) which assesses Identity, Acute/Chronic duration, Consequences, Personal Control, Treatment Control, Cyclical Timeline, Coherence, Emotional Representation and Causes dimensions. The Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) and the convergent validity (Pearson correlations) in comparison to validated instruments for each dimension were assed. RESULTS: Fifty French workers (29 men, 43 +/- 9.1 years, 293.6 +/- 173.0 days of work absence) were included. The internal consistency (all alpha > 0.7) and the convergent validity (all r(2) > 0.25, p < 0.01) of each dimension were very satisfactory except for the Cyclical Timeline dimension. CONCLUSIONS: The French version of the QRoWD seems to be valid and relevant among the target population.

International audience; Introduction: This article presents the initial recommendations of the French Rheumatology Society (Société Française de Rhumatologie - SFR) and the Osteoporosis Research and Information Group (Groupe de Recherche et d'Informations sur les Ostéoporoses - GRIO) on the role of diet in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.Methods: The recommendations were produced by a working group composed of rheumatologists, physician nutrition specialists and a geriatrician. Fifteen (15) questions pertaining to "daily practices" were preselected by the working group. For the literature review, the working group focussed mainly on the effects of diet on bone mineral density (BMD) and fractures, and primarily on meta-analyses of longitudinal studies and dietary intervention studies.Results: A Mediterranean-type diet and the daily consumption of 2 to 3 dairy products are recommended. Together, these provide the calcium and "high quality" protein required to maintain a normal calcium-phosphorus balance and bone metabolism, and are associated with lower fracture risk. Conversely, unbalanced Western diets, vegan diets, weight-loss diets in non-overweight individuals, alcohol consumption and daily consumption of sodas are advised against. In terms of the beneficial effects on bone mineral density and fracture risk, current scientific data are either insufficient or too divergent to recommend increasing or restricting the consumption of tea or coffee, vitamins other than vitamin D, vitamin D-enriched or phytoestrogen-rich foods, calcium-enriched plant-based beverages, oral nutritional supplements, or dietary sources of prebiotics and probiotics.Conclusions: These are the first set of recommendations addressing the role of diet in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. More research is necessary to direct and support guidelines.

International audience; Introduction. – Inspired by Carol Dweck’s work on naive theories of intelligence, the implicit theory ofemotions refers to beliefs regarding the general functioning of emotions, specifically, their controllability.Some individuals view emotions as uncontrollable (entity theory), while others think that emotions can bemodulated (incremental theory). These beliefs guide the emotional regulation strategies that individualsuse and influence subjective well-being.Objective. – The present study explores the psychometric properties of the French version of the ImplicitTheories of Emotion Scale developed by Tamir et al. (2007).Method. – One hundred seventy-seven participants aged 18 to 72 years old (M = 34 years old) completedthe Implicit Theories of Emotion Scale in conjunction with two other questionnaires: subjective well-being and emotional regulation strategies.Results. – Factor analyses identified a one-dimensional structure; the internal reliability (alpha = .81) andtest-retest reliability indices (r = .69) were satisfactory. The study replicated the main results of contempo-rary international studies concerning the mediating role of cognitive reappraisal and further documentsthe pivotal role of positive reappraisal in the association between implicit theories and well-being.Conclusion. – The discussion highlights clinical and theoretical interests and the usefulness of the ImplicitTheories of Emotion Scale.; Introduction. – Inspiré des travaux de Carol Dweck sur les théories naïves de l’intelligence, le conceptde théorie implicite des émotions fait référence aux croyances sur le fonctionnement général des émo-tions et, plus particulièrement, leur contrôlabilité. Certains individus considèrent les émotions commeincontrôlables, tandis que d’autres pensent qu’il est possible de les moduler. Ces croyances guident lesstratégies de régulation des émotions utilisées par les individus et influencent le bien-être subjectif.Objectifs. – La présente étude explore les propriétés psychométriques de la version franc¸ aise de l’échelled’évaluation implicite de la théorie des émotions développée par Tamir et al. (2007).Méthode. – Au total, 177 participants adultes âgés de 18 à 72 ans (M = 34 ans) ont complété l’échelled’évaluation de la théorie implicite des émotions ainsi que deux autres instruments: un questionnairede bien-être subjectif et un questionnaire de stratégies de régulation émotionnelle.Résultats. – Les analyses factorielles ont identifié une structure unidimensionnelle. Les indices de fidélitéinterne (alpha = 0,81) et test-retest (r = 0,69) sont satisfaisants. L’étude a reproduit les principaux résultatsd’études internationales contemporaines concernant le rôle médiateur de la réévaluation cognitive dansle lien entre les théories implicites et le bien-être.Conclusion. – La discussion met en évidence les intérêts cliniques et théoriques et l’utilité de l’échelle desthéories implicites validée dans ce travail.

While there is a large body of research on falls and their consequences in older adults, little is known about how older adults remember them. We addressed this gap by inviting older adults to remember falls and control memories.We analyzed specificity of memories and invited participants to rate emotional valence, mental time travel, visual imagery, importance, and rehearsal, as experienced during retrieval.Although analysis demonstrated no significant differences between memories of falls and control memories regarding specificity, participants rated memories of falls as more negative than control memories. Furthermore, they rated memories of falls as triggering higher mental time travel, higher visual imagery, higher importance, and higher rehearsal than control memories.The negative emotional valence of memories of falls, as well as their ability to trigger significant levels of mental time travel, visual imagery, importance, and rehearsal, demonstrate how these memories are different from other memories in older adults.The findings demonstrate how falls can modulate memory of personal events in older adults.

International audience

Background Up to now, in the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm, the lower production of false memories in Alzheimer's disease has been explained in terms of non-activation of the critical lure. Objectives The aim of this study was to examine the critical lure activation process from items of DRM lists in Alzheimer's patients, using a free association task. Method Twenty-six young adults, 25 older adults, and 17 Alzheimer's patients performed a free association task with DRM words. Results Analyses indicated that Alzheimer's patients produced as many critical lures in the free association task as healthy older participants, but significantly fewer than younger participants. Conclusion Our results suggest that the low production of critical lures in DRM tasks usually reported in Alzheimer's patients might not be due to a semantic deficit that prevents the activation of the critical lure.

International audience; Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) variations are strongly influence by emotion regulation processes. Indeed, emotional stimuli are at the origin of an activation of the ANS and the way an individual pass from a state of alert in the case of emotional situation to a state of calm is closely coupled with the ANS flexibility. We have previously described and developed an Analgesia Nociception Index (ANI) for real time pain measurement during surgical procedure under general anesthesia. This index, based on heart rate variability analysis, constitutes a measure of parasympathetic tone and can be used in several other environments. In this paper, we hypothesized that such an index could be used as a tool to investigate the processes of emotional regulation of a human subject. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed ANI's response to a negative emotional stimulus. This analysis showed that the index decreases during the emotion induction phase and returns to its baseline after 2 minutes. This result confirms that ANI could be a good indicator of parasympathetic changes in emotional situation.

International audience; Introduction: Approximately 40% of dementia cases could be delayed or prevented acting on modifiable risk factors including hypertension. However, the mechanisms underlying the hypertension-dementia association are still poorly understood.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis in 2048 patients from the MEMENTO cohort, a French multicenter clinic-based study of outpatients with either isolated cognitive complaints or mild cognitive impairment. Exposure to hypertension was defined as a combination of high blood pressure (BP) status and antihypertensive treatment intake. Pathway associations were examined through structural equation modeling integrating extensive collection of neuroimaging biomarkers and clinical data.Results: Participants treated with high BP had significantly lower cognition compared to the others. This association was mediated by higher neurodegeneration and higher white matter hyperintensities load but not by Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers.Discussion: These results highlight the importance of controlling hypertension for prevention of cognitive decline and offer new insights on mechanisms underlying the hypertension-dementia association.Highlights: Paths of hypertension-cognition association were assessed by structural equation models. The hypertension-cognition association is not mediated by Alzheimer's disease biomarkers. The hypertension-cognition association is mediated by neurodegeneration and leukoaraiosis. Lower cognition was limited to participants treated with uncontrolled blood pressure. Blood pressure control could contribute to promote healthier brain aging.

International audience; Despite many cultural, methodological, and technical improvements, one of the major obstacle to results reproducibility remains the pervasive low statistical power. In response to this problem, a lot of attention has recently been drawn to sequential analyses. This type of procedure has been shown to be more efficient (to require less observations and therefore less resources) than classical fixed-N procedures. However, these procedures are submitted to both intrapersonal and interpersonal biases during data collection and data analysis. In this tutorial, we explain how automation can be used to prevent these biases. We show how to synchronise open and free experiment software programs with the Open Science Framework and how to automate sequential data analyses in R. This tutorial is intended to researchers with beginner experience with R but no previous experience with sequential analyses is required.

Individuals with dyslexia often present phonological difficulties, ultimately impacting their reading and writing. Nevertheless, an individual with dyslexia may circumvent these difficulties through a reliance on linguistic units with more consistent spellings, such as morphemes. The increased use of morphological information by individuals with dyslexia has been argued to be a form of compensation. However, the contribution of morphological skills to reading fluency is still unclear. In this study, French adolescents with and without dyslexia were assessed on their morphological awareness and processing skills, along with reading fluency. Morphological awareness was assessed with a suffixation decision task, while a primed lexical decision task was used to assess morphological processing. Primes shared four possible relationships with the targets: morphological, semantic, orthographic, or unrelated. Group differences were not found for morphological awareness. In contrast, the group of adolescents with dyslexia showed a greater benefit of morphological priming. A continuous approach where reading fluency is seen as a broad spectrum was then used for future analyses. Benefits from morphological and orthographic priming were found to be inversely related to reading fluency. Morphological processing was found to be relatively high for individuals with low reading fluency proficiency, which suggests its use as a compensatory strategy in this population. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

ObjectiveCold environments are a potential risk factor for stroke. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between performing work tasks in cold environments and the occurrence of a first stroke event.MethodsFrom the French population-based cohort CONSTANCES (‘Cohorte des consultants des Centres d'examens de santé’ in French), we collected data from baseline questionnaires along with medical interviews on cardiovascular risk factors and reported exposure to cold temperatures (ResultsThere were 160 782 participants and 224 strokes (168 ischaemic and 76 haemorrhagic) included in our study. No significant increase in stroke was found for working in cold environments; the adjusted OR for often or almost always exposed was 1.14 (95% CI 0.46 to 2.84).ConclusionsThis study did not reveal a significant excess risk of stroke for occupational exposures to low temperatures. Further studies are needed to better assess the effect of preventive measures and very low temperature on occurrence of cardiovascular diseases.

Visual perspective during memory retrieval has mainly been evaluated with methodologies based on introspection and subjective reports. The current study investigates whether visual perspective can be evaluated with a physiological measurement: pupil dilation. While their pupil diameter was measured with an eye-tracker, forty-five participants retrieved one memory from a field perspective (i.e., as viewed through our own eyes) and one memory from an observer perspective (i.e., as viewed from a spectator’s standpoint). After retrieval, participants rated the emotional intensity of the memories. Analysis demonstrated larger pupils during the retrieval of memories from a field perspective and higher emotional intensity for memories retrieved from a field perspective. The larger pupils for memories recalled from a field perspective could, however, not be attributed to their higher emotional intensity. These findings suggest that pupil dilation could be used as a physiological assessment of visual perspective during memory retrieval.

This study examined the possibility that moderators of false memories in the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm affect the occurrence of false memories in the misinformation paradigm. More precisely, the purpose was to determine to what extent an imaging instruction modulates false memories in the DRM and misinformation paradigms. A sample of young adults was assigned to the DRM or the misinformation tasks, either in control conditions or in conditions including an imaging instruction. Findings revealed that an imaging instruction decreases false memories in DRM whereas there is no evidence about imaging effects in the misinformation task. These observations tally with previous studies, reporting a weak or no correlation between false memories in these paradigms, and are discussed in the light of current theories.

International audience; Emotion regulation refers to all the processes involved in adapting to relatively strong emotional episodes, and specifically to identifying, differentiating and monitoring intense emotional states in order to cope with stressful situations. Difficulties in regulating emotions are associated with problems such as depression, anxiety and maladaptive behaviors. The DERS (Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale) is the most complete tool for measuring difficulties with emotion regulation. Several brief versions of this scale in English are described in the literature, but no a brief Spanish version has been found. The purpose of this study is to validate a brief version of the DERS in Spanish. The DERS tool was used with a Spanish speaking population (n=351, inhabitants of Cartagena, Colombia, 56% were woman, Mage 39 years, SD = 14.98) who responded the 5-point Likert scale. The brief version (18 items) was validated using confirmatory factor analysis (X2 / df = 1.19, CFI= .99, TLI = .99, RMSEA=.02). However, neither the reliability nor the stability of the awareness dimension was confirmed. This point and other results are examined on the light of extant literature.; La regulación de las emociones se refiere a todos los procesos involucrados en la adaptación a episodios emocionales relativamente fuertes y, específicamente, en la identificación, diferenciación y seguimiento de estados emocionales intensos para hacer frente a situacionesestresantes. Las dificultades para regular las emociones están asociadas con problemas como la depresión, la ansiedad y los comportamientos desadaptativos. La Escala de Dificultades en la Regulación de las Emociones (DERS) es la herramienta más completa para medir las dificultades con la regulación de las emociones. En la literatura se describen varias versiones breves de estaescala en inglés, pero no se ha encontrado una versión breve en español. El propósito de este estudio es validar una versión breve del DERS en español. Se utilizó la herramienta DERS con una población hispanohablante (n = 351, habitantes de Cartagena, Colombia, 56% eranmujeres, Medad 39 años, DE = 14,98) que respondió la escala Likert de 5 puntos. La versión breve (18 ítems) se validó mediante análisis factorial confirmatorio (X2 / df = 1.19, CFI= .99, TLI = .99, RMSEA=.02). Sin embargo, no se confirmó ni la fiabilidad ni la estabilidad de la dimensión de conciencia. Este punto y otros resultados se examinan a la luz de la literatura existente.

Executive dysfunctions are central symptoms in different neurological, developmental, and context-related conditions. The assessment of these functions is then essential in neuropsychological pediatric clinical practice. Given the need for reliable and valid evaluation batteries for clinical practice in Brazil, this study aimed to present the pieces of evidences of reliability of the Child Executive Functions Battery (CEF-B). A total of 230 Brazilian children with typical development aged between 7 and 12 years participated in the study. Internal consistency was determined by the split-half method, Cronbach’s α, and Ω. In addition, measurements of test-retest reliability and intraclass coefficient were also performed. Retest indicators were mostly weak and moderate (between .43 and .75). Overvall, coefficients show a satisfactory internal consistency reliability for planning and inhibition measures (between .72 and .92). Considering the measures of WM, results were also satisfactory for both α and Ω indexes. This study revealed that the CEF-B has satisfactory internal consistency reliability coefficients. However, several tests have shown low reliability assessed through the test-retest method. In general, findings reveal interesting pieces of initial evidence of reliability of the Brazilian version. The methodological approach could be improved in future studies by including children with executive disorders.

National audience

Several studies have shown that emotional competence (EC) impacts cancer adjustment via anxiety and depression symptoms. The objective was to test this model for the quality of life (QoL) of partners: first, the direct effect of partners' EC on their QoL, anxiety and depression symptoms after cancer diagnosis (T1), after chemotherapy (T2) and after radiotherapy (T3); Second, the indirect effects of partners' EC at T1 on their QoL at T2 and T3 through anxiety and depression symptoms.192 partners of women with breast cancer completed a questionnaire at T1, T2 and T3 to assess their EC (PEC), anxiety and depression symptoms (HADS) and QoL (Partner-YW-BCI). Partial correlations and regression analyses were performed to test direct and indirect effects of EC on issues.EC at T1 predicted fewer anxiety and depression symptoms at each time and all dimensions of QoL, except for career management and financial difficulties. EC showed different significant indirect effects (i.e. via anxiety or depression symptoms) on all sub-dimensions of QoL, except for financial difficulties, according to the step of care pathway (T2 and T3). Anxiety and depression played a different role in the psychological processes that influence QoL.Findings confirm the importance of taking emotional processes into account in the adjustment of partners, especially regarding their QoL and the support they may provide to patients. It, thus, seems important to integrate EC in future health models and psychosocial interventions focused on partners or caregivers.

Background This work aimed to investigate the potential pathways involved in the association between social and lifestyle factors, biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementia (ADRD), and cognition. Methods The authors studied 2323 participants from the Memento study, a French nationwide clinical cohort. Social and lifestyle factors were education level, current household incomes, physical activity, leisure activities, and social network from which two continuous latent variables were computed: an early to midlife (EML) and a latelife (LL) indicator. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), lumbar puncture, and amyloid-positron emission tomography (PET) were used to define three latent variables: neurodegeneration, small vessel disease (SVD), and AD pathology. Cognitive function was defined as the underlying factor of a latent variable with four cognitive tests. Structural equation models were used to evaluate cross-sectional pathways between social and lifestyle factors and cognition. Results Participants’ mean age was 70.9 years old, 62% were women, 28% were apolipoprotein-ε4 carriers, and 59% had a Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) score of 0.5. Higher early to midlife social indicator was only directly associated with better cognitive function (direct β = 0.364 (0.322; 0.405), with no indirect pathway through ADRD biomarkers (total β = 0.392 (0.351; 0.429)). In addition to a direct effect on cognition (direct β = 0.076 (0.033; 0.118)), the association between latelife lifestyle indicator and cognition was also mostly mediated by an indirect effect through lower neurodegeneration (indirect β = 0.066 (0.042; 0.090) and direct β = − 0.116 (− 0.153; − 0.079)), but not through AD pathology nor SVD. Conclusions Early to midlife social factors are directly associated with higher cognitive functions. Latelife lifestyle factors may help preserve cognitive functions through lower neurodegeneration.

International audience; The presence of natural elements in the urban environment improves wellbeing. Comparisons of the different psychophysiological reactions to both auditory and visual perceptions of urban environments are proposed as a method for shedding light on the mechanisms involved in the perceptual audiovisual interaction phenomenon, by which visual context influences auditory perception, and vice versa. The results from combined psychophysical and physiological methodology should improve knowledge of the perceptual consequences of variations in the presence of nature in the city. In this study, 61 participants, mainly students, were exposed to urban soundscapes accompanied by street scenes. Audio excerpts of bird song or road traffic were paired with images with or without vegetation. Half of the participants (n=30) were asked to judge the auditory pleasantness after each audiovisual presentation, whereas the other half (n=31) judged the visual pleasantness of the scene. Heart rate, pupil area, gaze fixations and electromyography of the eyebrow muscle (corrugator supercilii) were concurrently recorded. We demonstrated a strong perceptual audiovisual interaction: auditory pleasantness was higher when accompanied by a natural visual context, and visual pleasantness was higher when accompanied by natural sounds. Electromyography and heart rate were particularly sensitive to the presence of nature in the soundscapes, whereas gaze behavior discriminated only visual nature elements. The natural sounds were associated with lower heart rate and corrugator supercilii electromyographic activity, whereas natural images were associated with slower gaze behavior. Pupil area was sensitive to both auditory and visual stimulations. The pupil was relatively constricted by all natural stimuli and discriminated different unpleasant traffic noise samples and the modulation of visual pleasantness by these sounds. This suggests a distinctive role of arousal level in the modulation of pupil reactions, which appear well suited to the study of audiovisual interactions and the perceptual effects of natural elements in urban environments.

COVID-19 has expanded across the world since its discovery in Wuhan (China) and has had a significant impact on people’s lives and health. Long COVID is a term coined by the World Health Organization (WHO) to describe a variety of persistent symptoms after acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. Long COVID has been demonstrated to affect various SARS-CoV-2-infected persons, independently of the acute disease severity. The symptoms of long COVID, like acute COVID-19, consist in the set of damage to various organs and systems such as the respiratory, cardiovascular, neurological, endocrine, urinary, and immune systems. Fatigue, dyspnea, cardiac abnormalities, cognitive and attention impairments, sleep disturbances, post-traumatic stress disorder, muscle pain, concentration problems, and headache were all reported as symptoms of long COVID. At the molecular level, the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is heavily involved in the pathogenesis of this illness, much as it is in the acute phase of the viral infection. In this review, we summarize the impact of long COVID on several organs and tissues, with a special focus on the significance of the RAS in the disease pathogenesis. Long COVID risk factors and potential therapy approaches are also explored.

Emotional competence (EC) is considered a substantial resource in the adjustment of cancer patients, especially via its effect on anxiety and depression symptoms. This research aimed at assessing the impact of intrapersonal EC in young women (≤45 years) with breast cancer (YWBC) on their specific quality of life (i.e. subjective experience related to daily difficulties and perceived repercussions of the disease and treatments) related to chemotherapy, via anxiety and depression symptoms.Two hundred fifty YWBC from 24 French centers completed a self-reported questionnaire after diagnosis (T1) and after the chemotherapy phase (T2), comprising the Young Women Breast Cancer Inventory, the Profile of EC and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. The indirect effect of EC (T1) on subjective experience (T2) via anxiety and depression symptoms (T2) was tested using regressions and the Macro PROCESS.Emotional competence predicted fewer anxiety and depression symptoms at T1 and T2, and a better subjective experience at T2 via fewer anxiety and depression symptoms. Depression symptoms appeared to be a stronger mediator than anxiety symptoms on four dimensions (Support from close relatives, feeling of couple cohesion, body image and sexuality, management of children and everyday life), whereas anxiety symptoms appeared to be a stronger mediator on two dimensions (negative affectivity and apprehension about the future, deterioration of relationships).These results support the importance of developing psycho-affective interventions to reinforce the EC of YWBC during chemotherapy in order to facilitate the cognitive and emotional processes necessary for a better adjustment and subjective experience.

International audience; The binding of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike glycoprotein to its cellular receptor, the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), causes its downregulation, which subsequently leads to the dysregulation of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) in favor of the ACE–angiotensin II (Ang II)–angiotensin II type I receptor (AT1R) axis. AT1R has a major role in RAS by being involved in several physiological events including blood pressure control and electrolyte balance. Following SARS-CoV-2 infection, pathogenic episodes generated by the vasoconstriction, proinflammatory, profibrotic, and prooxidative consequences of the Ang II–AT1R axis activation are accompanied by a hyperinflammatory state (cytokine storm) and an acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). AT1R, a member of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family, modulates Ang II deleterious effects through the activation of multiple downstream signaling pathways, among which are MAP kinases (ERK 1/2, JNK, p38MAPK), receptor tyrosine kinases (PDGF, EGFR, insulin receptor), and nonreceptor tyrosine kinases (Src, JAK/STAT, focal adhesion kinase (FAK)), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase. COVID-19 is well known for generating respiratory symptoms, but because ACE2 is expressed in various body tissues, several extrapulmonary pathologies are also manifested, including neurologic disorders, vasculature and myocardial complications, kidney injury, gastrointestinal symptoms, hepatic injury, hyperglycemia, and dermatologic complications. Therefore, the development of drugs based on RAS blockers, such as angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), that inhibit the damaging axis of the RAS cascade may become one of the most promising approaches for the treatment of COVID-19 in the near future. We herein review the general features of AT1R, with a special focus on the receptor-mediated activation of the different downstream signaling pathways leading to specific cellular responses. In addition, we provide the latest insights into the roles of AT1R in COVID-19 outcomes in different systems of the human body, as well as the role of ARBs as tentative pharmacological agents to treat COVID-19.

Climate change is a global environmental issue and its outcome will affect societies around the world. In recent years, we have seen a growing literature on media coverage of climate change, but, to date, no study has assessed the situation in Cameroon, although it is considered to be one of the world’s most affected and vulnerable regions. This study attempted to address this deficit by analysing how climate change is represented in the Cameroonian media. A similarity analysis was performed on three newspapers published in 2013–2016. Results showed that climate coverage focused on politics and international involvement. It seems disconnected from local realities, potentially opening up a spatial and social psychological distance. The relationship between the representation of climate change and that of poverty is an area for further exploration.

Summary Purpose Handicap evaluation in adults with acquired or progressive congenital visual loss allows for identification of the individual's specific needs and targeted therapy (medical, technical, rehabilitative and psychological). Currently, the subjective dimension of the handicap remains poorly explored in the field of visual loss. Our questionnaire aims to understand the whole of these subjective impacts. It differs from existing quality of life scales in ophthalmology in its approach centered on the process of adaptation, individual resources (technical, cognitive, psychic and environmental), and investigation of the perception of the handicap. The goal of the present study is to validate this questionnaire, which could be used in any adult with a visual handicap, regardless of the extent of the visual loss, its etiology, or the type of treatment or compensatory mechanisms. Materials and methods The Assessment Questionnaire on the Perception of and Adaptation to Visual Handicap in Adults (QUEPAHVA) is composed of 28 items relating to perception of the visual impairment, its impact, and adaptive resources. They are divided into 3 sub-categories: Perception of daily life and relationships (10 items), Perception of visual status and compensatory mechanisms (8 items), and Psychological impact of the visual handicap (10 items). The responses are graded on a Likert scale. Factor analysis and verification of psychometric qualities were performed based on the responses of 446 subjects. The discriminatory validity of the NEI-VFQ 25 was proven with 99 subjects. Reliability over time (mean interval between T1 and T2 = 49.43 days) was measured in 31 subjects. Sensitivity to change between pre- and post-management (mean interval between T1 and T2 = 410 days) was tested in 123 subjects. Results Internal consistency was very good for the global scale (α = .90) as well as for the 3 sub-dimensions (α = .86; α = .79; α = .80). The discriminatory validity was satisfactory (r = .70). This result had to be interpreted as a function of the qualitative specificity of the questionnaire. The questionnaire enjoyed good reproducibility over time with regard to its total score and relatively satisfactory reproducibility with regard to its sub-dimensions. Sensitivity to change was very high and accounted for adaptations to the disability over time. Conclusion The QUEPAHVA displays good psychometric qualities. It constitutes a new means of evaluation. Its potential applications are many. It permits evaluation of the needs of the individual and adaptation of the protocol of care. Its use in institutions may support a step forward in the science of evaluation and continued improvement in quality of care.

International audience; BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: The COVID-19 crisis has been increasing the burden of healthcare workers in acute care geriatric facilities. These workers have been dealing with drastic changes in the care they provide to their residents including cancelation of group activities and communal dining and even restrictions of activities outside rooms. Healthcare workers have also been devoting more time and energy to perform COVID-related medical duties. Geriatric facilities have been facing shortages in equipment and supplies, as well as staffing shortages. Finally, healthcare workers have been facing challenges regarding their personal safety and that of their families. Consequently, we hypothesized the presence of high levels of burnout among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 crisis. METHODS: To evaluate burnout in healthcare workers in French acute care geriatric facilities, we used an online survey based on the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory. Eighty-four healthcare workers answered the survey, during April of 2020. RESULTS: Analysis demonstrated that they were experiencing medium levels of burnout, exhaustion, and disengagement. CONCLUSION: This level of burnout reflected their fatigue, loss of energy, and/or feelings of being overextended and exhausted. Considering the expected cumulative impact of various stressors, the medium level of burnout observed has come as a surprise to us and might actually be considered as relatively good news. Nevertheless, no level of burnout is negligible and has wide ranging negative consequences.

International audience; Purpose:The main objective of this study was to provide further information concerning the validity of patient-reported executive function (EF) in survivors of primary brain tumor (PBT) compared with a report provided by each patient’s caregiver.Methods: Forty survivors of PBT, 40 non-cancer controls and their proxies completed an assessment of functional executive disorders (e.g., planning, inhibition, shifting, action initiation). Comparisons of self and informant EF reports were examined, for both patients and non-cancer controls. The extent of the concordance between patients’ reports and their caregivers’ reports was also determined.Results: PBT survivors and their caregivers reported more problems related to EF in contrast with the non-cancer comparison group (significant differences). There was a high level of agreement between patients’ and caregivers’ ratings within the patient group.Conclusions: This study provides evidence suggesting that at an average of 3.67 (SD = 2.31) years following treatment for a PBT, EF difficulties are reported by patients and their caregivers. This study establishes a consistency between what is reported by survivors and what is reported by those who frequently interact with them. Further research investigating the link between these ratings and quality of life as well as other functions is encouraged.Implications for Cancer Survivors: This study’s results demonstrate the importance of listening to PBT survivors’ perception of EF difficulties. While not confirmed by neuropsychological evaluations, the functional executive challenges reported by these survivors’ close relatives reflect what PBT survivors themselves report. Specialists should pay close attention to these difficulties to guarantee optimal post-cancer care.

International audience; The threat of sociopolitical instability is a perennial subject of political debate in Cameroon, even though the country's stability has never really been challenged since independence. Given this omnipresent discussion on the need to preserve social cohesion, the aim of the present study was to analyze social representations of risk. Two studies were carried out among two samples (N1 = 31 and N2 = 156) of Cameroonians with higher education diplomas. Data collected by means of free association and characterization questionnaires were subjected to hierarchical, similarity and Q-sort analyses. These revealed that governance failures are regarded as factors that might undermine social cohesion. Comparative analysis of the risk representations of the country's different ethnic groups revealed several differences. Previous research had emphasized the importance of proximity to the object in the construction of a social representation, and this was also evident in the present study, as social representations of risk for both the whole sample and the different ethnic groups were structured around specific threats or ills that undermine Cameroonian society.; La menace d'instabilité sociopolitique est un sujet de débat politique récurrent au Cameroun alors que la stabilité du pays n'a vraiment pas été remise en cause depuis l'accession du pays à l'indépendance en 1960. Face à l'omniprésence du débat sur la nécessité de préserver la cohésion sociale, cette étude avait pour objectif de mettre en évidence les représentations sociales du risque. Deux études qualitative et quantitative ont été réalisées auprès de deux échantillons (N1 = 31 et N2 = 156) de Camerounais diplômés de l'enseignement supérieur. La tâche d'associations libres et le questionnaire de caractérisation administrés aux participants ont été respectivement soumis à une analyse hiérarchisée, une analyse de similitude (associations libres) et à une analyse Q-sort (questionnaire de caractérisation). Les données analysées indiquent que les défaillances de la gouvernance publique sont considérées comme les facteurs susceptibles d'hypothéquer la cohésion sociale. L'analyse comparative des représentations du risque entre les différents groupes ethniques du pays fait ressortir quelques différences. Comme d'autres travaux sur les représentations sociales, cette étude met en exergue l'importance de la distance à l'objet dans la construction des représentations sociales car les représentations sociales du risque ici, aussi bien pour l'ensemble de l'échantillon que pour les différents groupes ethniques, sont structurées autour de menaces ou des maux qui minent la société camerounaise.

Highlights • A 100% COVID-19 probability was found in residents younger than 90 with dyspnea and falls. • A 100% COVID-19 probability was found in residents older than 90 with anorexia. • A 100% COVID-19 probability was found in residents older than 90 without anorexia but with altered consciousness. • Mass screening should prioritize residents with combinations of symptoms including dyspnea, falls, anorexia and/or altered consciousness., Background/objective The COVID-19 epidemic is particularly serious in older adults. The symptomatology and epidemic profile remain little known in this population, especially in disabled oldest-old people with chronic diseases living in nursing homes. The objective of the present study was to comprehensively describe symptoms and chronological aspects of the diffusion of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in a nursing home, among both residents and caregivers. Design Five-week retrospective cohort study. Setting A middle-sized nursing home in Maine-et-Loire, west of France. Participants Eighty-seven frail older residents (87.9 ± 7.2years; 71 % female) and 92 staff members (38.3 ± 11.7years; 89 % female) were included. Measurements Mass screening for SARS-CoV-2 was performed in both residents and staff. Attack rate, mortality rate, and symptoms among residents and staff infected with SARS-CoV-2 were recorded. Results The attack rate of COVID-19 was 47 % in residents (case fatality rate, 27 %), and 24 % in staff. Epidemic curves revealed that the epidemic started in residents before spreading to caregivers. Residents exhibited both general and respiratory signs (59 % hyperthermia, 49 % cough, 42 % polypnea) together with geriatric syndromes (15 % falls, 10 % altered consciousness). The classification tree revealed 100 % COVID-19 probability in the following groups: i) residents younger than 90 with dyspnea and falls; ii) residents older than 90 with anorexia; iii) residents older than 90 without anorexia but with altered consciousness. Finally, 41 % of staff members diagnosed with COVID-19 were asymptomatic. Conclusions The pauci-symptomatic expression of COVID-19 in older residents, together with the high prevalence of asymptomatic forms in caregivers, justifies mass screening in nursing homes, possibly prioritizing residents with suggestive combinations of clinical signs including dyspnea, falls, anorexia and/or altered consciousness.

International audience; Most research has mainly focused on the decline of the subjective experience in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, few attempts have been made to evaluate whether subjective experience may be maintained in AD. In this narrative review, we attempt to provide a positive view, according to which patients with AD can enjoy, to some extent, subjective experience during memory retrieval. Memory and expression difficulties (e.g., aphasia) limit the ability of patients with AD to describe their memories, resulting in a little specificity of reported memories. However, according to the "authentic subjective experience" view, we propose in this study that the ability to mentally relive these memories could be preserved in the patients. By proposing the authentic subjective experience view, we attempt to provide an alternative view to the general consideration that the patients suffer a diminished subjective experience. This view can contribute to a larger clinical framework that gives a positive meaning to the subjective experience of patients with AD. Furthermore, several clinical and empirical implications can be drawn from the authentic subjective experience view, including the possibility to evaluate behavioral correlates of the subjective experience in AD.

Coastal flooding risks are becoming increasingly important because of the increasing vulnerability of coastal territories and the rise of ocean levels in relation to climate change. Studying the adaptation to these phenomena requires taking into account the coping strategies (problem-focused or emotional-focused coping) implemented by the inhabitants of the exposed territories. A theoretical model of situational and dispositional factors determining these strategies has been proposed and tested empirically with 583 inhabitants of the island of Guadeloupe, which is exposed to said coastal flooding risk. The fit index confirms the adequacy of the model. The results indicate that coastal flooding risk perception, difficulties to regulate emotions, and place attachment predict avoidance coping. Vigilant coping is only predicted by perceived action efficiency. The roles of duration of residence and distance from the sea have been highlighted.

International audience; Objective: Childhood brain tumors (BTs) and their treatment often negatively affect development of executive functions. Previous studies have reported executive functions deficits, particularly through questionnaires of daily life. This study aimed to assess executive functioning in everyday life following pediatric BT, in a larger and more histologically diverse sample than previously, and to study clinical and demographic factors influencing outcome. Methods: Assessment of executive functioning using parent ratings of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF), in a large sample of children treated for various BT (n = 153). Clinical and demographic factors were: age at diagnostic, age at assessment, parental education level, radiation therapy. Results: Significant difficulties were found in the 3 composite indices and in the majority of the BRIEF subscales. The highest level of difficulties was observed in the Working Memory subscale. Older age at assessment and younger age at diagnosis were significantly associated with higher levels of parent-reported difficulties, particularly for metacognition. Conclusions: Parents of children treated for BT report widespread and persistent deficits in executive functions that negatively affect their everyday functioning. Including analysis of all clinical scales and composite indices allows a more comprehensive approach and enables to specify the patients’ executive profile.