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Pigmented villonodular synovitis is a rare proliferative disorder of the synovial joints, characterized by synovial thickening and hemosiderin deposition. It predominantly affects the knee joint, with bilateral involvement being exceedingly rare. We present a case of diffuse bilateral pigmented villonodular synovitis in a 20-year-old female, initially presenting with left knee pain and swelling, diagnosed via MRI. Following an open total synovectomy, the patient developed postoperative stiffness, requiring arthroscopic arthrolysis. Subsequently, similar symptoms emerged in the right knee, leading to a second synovectomy and subsequent arthrolysis. Despite the challenges associated with managing this condition, including a high recurrence rate and postoperative stiffness, the patient showed significant improvement 1 year postoperatively. This case underscores the importance of thorough synovectomy and highlights the potential need for further surgical intervention to address complications such as stiffness.

Background: Robin sequence (RS) is characterized by micrognathia, glossoptosis, and upper airway obstruction, and is often combined with a cleft palate. It is unclear whether RS negatively impacts the development of velopharyngeal incompetence (VPI) and attainable speech outcomes. This study systematically reviewed speech outcomes in patients with cleft and isolated RS (IRS) compared with only isolated cleft palate (ICP).Methods: A literature search following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines was performed using the PubMed and EMBASE databases. Articles reporting speech outcomes following primary palatoplasty in patients with IRS only or IRS versus ICP were identified. Study characteristics and methods, primary- and VPI palatoplasty, speech measurements, and post-operative complications were collected. Primary outcomes included VPI and need for speech correcting surgery (SCS). Methodological quality was appraised using the methodological index for non-randomized studies (MINORS) criteria (range: 0-16 and 0-24).Results: Nineteen studies reported VPI event rates that varied between 14% and 88% for IRS and 0% and 62% for ICP. Five out of 8 studies (67%) comparing VPI event rates between IRS and ICP found no significant difference. SCS rates varied between 0% and 48% for IRS and 0% and 24% for ICP. Six out of 9 studies (67%) comparing SCS rates between IRS and ICP, found no significant difference. Combined VPI event rates were 36.1% for the IRS group and 26% for the ICP group, for SCS rates this was 20% for IRS and 13% for ICP.Conclusion: Most articles found no significant difference between the VPI and SCS rates indicating that speech outcomes might be similar in patients with IRS and ICP. To better compare these groups a standardized international protocol is needed.

Introduction This case highlights a rare occurrence of combined penile fracture and urethral injury in a 35‐year‐old male, emphasizing the critical need for accurate diagnosis and precise surgical intervention in such cases. Case presentation After a mishap during sexual intercourse, the patient faced intense penile pain, swelling, and urethrorrhagia. Advanced diagnostic methods, particularly MRI, confirmed a disruption in the tunica albuginea within the left corpora cavernosa. The patient underwent emergent surgical repair, addressing both urethral and corpora cavernosa injuries, leading to a successful postoperative course. Conclusion This case report underscores the paramount importance of comprehending and effectively managing complex urological traumas. Timely and appropriate surgical intervention is crucial for ensuring optimal patient recovery and well‐being in instances of combined penile and urethral injuries.

Tambourissa comorensis (TC) is a member of the Monimiaceae family endemic to the Comoros Islands where it is regarded as a medicinal plant. In this study, the fatty acids (FA) composition and profile of air-dried powdered fruits of TC were examined by GC-MS. Based on the results, four major common fatty acids were tentatively identified as well as five other minor fatty acids. The analysis revealed the presence of both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. The dried fruits exhibited oleic acid (30.64%) and linoleic acid (29.13%) as the dominant fatty acids, while palmitic acid (17.95%) and stearic acid (4.25%) were the main saturated FA identified. These fatty acids were isolated as pure compounds, with the exception of stearic acid, which was obtained as a mixture from crude lipid n-hexane extract fractionation on a silica gel column chromatography and identified in their free form by 2D-1H-NMR (300 MHz), 13C-NMR (75 MHz) and infrared (IR) spectroscopies. The average oil content in dried powdered fruits of T. comorensis species was estimated to be approximately 8%, with saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated ones constituting about 22.67%, 32.07%, and 29.13%, respectively. T. comorensis fruits were found to be rich in health-promoting compounds, suggesting potential applications in the food, cosmetic, or pharmaceutical industries. This study is the first to profile the fatty acids in T. comorensis fruits, laying foundations for further exploration into their nutritional and therapeutic properties, as well as their potential roles in regional biodiversity and chemodiversity.

Inverted papilloma is a rare, benign epithelial tumor of the nasal and sinus cavities with an unclear etiology. It usually presents as unilateral nasal obstruction. Diagnosis is histological, and treatment is primarily surgical. We describe a 72-year-old patient with persistent bilateral nasal obstruction. Examination revealed a greyish-pink, multi-lobed mass in both nasal cavities pressing on the hard palate. Imaging (CT and MRI) showed a cerebriform mass extending through the nasal cavities and into the nasopharynx, causing bone destruction without intracranial or intra-orbital spread. Histopathology confirmed a bilateral inverted papilloma without malignancy. Inverted papilloma comprises less than 4% of primary nasal tumors. It is noted for high local aggressiveness, frequent recurrences, and potential association with squamous cell carcinoma. Imaging (CT and MRI) aids in staging and selecting the surgical approach—endoscopic, external, or combined. Close surveillance via endoscopy and imaging is crucial. Although benign, inverted papilloma is highly invasive. Accurate diagnosis and complete surgical removal are essential to minimize recurrence risk.

Chondroblastomas are very rare benign primary bone tumors that typically develop in bones in young adults. Extraosseous chondroblastomas are extremely rare, with a few case reports documented in the literature. The treatment is surgical with a high healing rate. MRI is a key examination for bony forms, and our study has strengthened the MRI description reported in some cases of the extraosseous form. We describe the case of a 40-year-old woman with a chondroblastoma of the soft tissues of the hip more precising in the quadratus femoris muscle and its clinical, radiological, and MRI appearance. The patient underwent complete surgical excision of the mass, and no clinical or MRI signs of recurrence were detected after 18 months of follow-up.

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFS) is a mesenchymal-origin skin tumor with intermediate malignancy. Though rare, it's not exceptional, comprising about 0.1% of malignant skin tumors.The authors discuss clinical, radiological, histopathological studies, and various therapeutic modalities for this tumor.Our 82-year-old patient presented with a 3 cm swelling on the right arm, initially undergoing biopsy followed by surgical excision of the mass.Adjuvant treatment with radiotherapy or chemotherapy is unnecessary unless recurrence or malignant transformation occurs. Histological analysis is crucial for diagnosis. The preferred treatment method is wide surgical excision.Prognosis primarily depends on malignancy, especially at the local level, with a high risk of recurrence. It's rare for a distinctly malignant sarcomatous transformation with metastasis to occur.

Abstract The Arabian Gulf (AG) exports hypersaline, dense waters into the Sea of Oman (SOO), replaced by fresher inflowing surface waters from the Indian Ocean. We investigate the impact of recent AG warming on its exchange with the SOO and the implications this has on the AG biogeochemistry. Using an eddy‐resolving hindcast model simulation, we analyze the hydrography and biogeochemistry of the AG and the SOO from 1980 to 2018. Our study reveals that changes in summer surface winds have accelerated AG warming and weakened it in the SOO, reducing the density gradient and water exchange between the two seas during late summer. This has led to nutrient buildup, increased productivity, and heightened deoxygenation and acidification in the AG. These findings underscore how subtle wind changes can exacerbate the vulnerability of marginal seas to climate change and stress the need to properly represent regional winds in global climate models.

Background: in its initial conception over three decades ago, the induced membrane (IM) technique was specifically developed to address bone loss in cases of septic pseudarthrosis of the lower limb. This technique has proven effective in instances of acute post-traumatic bone loss resulting from high-energy trauma, particularly in scenarios where shattered fractures require more than conservative osteosynthesis. Methods: in this report, we share our department's experience in managing such fractures using the induced membrane technique. Results: All patients underwent initial external fixation or centromedullary nailing, followed by corticocancellous grafting or vascularized fibula grafting in the second stage. The bone healing process was assessed through standard X-rays with two views, anteroposterior and lateral, of the affected limb segment, and clinical evaluation was performed using specific functional scores. The average follow-up for our patients was 8.54 months. Conclusion: while effective for substance loss from sepsis or septic pseudarthrosis, the induced membrane technique's broader use, notably in severe open fractures with substantial bone comminution, remains underexplored. Our practice's adoption of this method enhances its applicability and value.

Wilms' tumor (nephroblastoma) is rare in adults, comprising less than 5 % of renal cancers. This report details a 48-year-old male with persistent abdominal pain, weight loss, and fatigue, whose imaging showed a large, heterogeneous left renal mass with regional lymph node involvement. Post-nephrectomy histology confirmed nephroblastoma with a triphasic pattern. The patient underwent left radical nephrectomy and received adjuvant chemotherapy with doxorubicin, vincristine, and actinomycin D. Three months later, follow-up CT scans revealed no residual disease. This case underscores the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges of adult nephroblastoma and the need for more effective treatment protocols.

Genitourinary tuberculosis (GUTB) constitutes 20 % of extrapulmonary TB cases, with isolated testicular involvement being rare (2–4%). This case details a 41-year-old male with chronic left scrotal swelling, fistulization, and purulent discharge, ultimately diagnosed with testicular tuberculosis. Diagnostic imaging and histopathology confirmed caseating granulomas and acid-fast bacilli. The patient underwent high inguinal orchidectomy and was treated with a standard four-drug anti-tuberculosis regimen. Postoperative semen analysis revealed persistent azoospermia, indicating permanent fertility impairment. This case underscores the importance of considering GUTB in differential diagnoses of testicular masses, particularly in TB-endemic regions.

Abstract Measurement of auricle parameters for planning and post-operative evaluation presents substantial challenges due to the complex 3D structure of the human auricle. Traditional measurement methods rely on manual techniques, resulting in limited precision. This study introduces a novel automated surface-based three-dimensional measurement method for quantifying human auricle parameters. The method was applied to virtual auricles reconstructed from Computed Tomography (CT) scans of a cadaver head and subsequent measurement of important clinically relevant aesthetical auricular parameters (length, width, protrusion, position, auriculocephalic angle, and inclination angle). Reference measurements were done manually (using a caliper and using a 3D landmarking method) and measurement precision was compared to the automated method. The CT scans were performed using both a contemporary high-end and a low-end CT scanner. Scans were conducted at a standard scanning dose, and at half the dose. The automatic method demonstrated significantly higher precision in measuring auricle parameters compared to manual methods. Compared to traditional manual measurements, precision improved for auricle length (9×), width (5×), protrusion (5×), Auriculocephalic Angle (5–54×) and posteroanterior position (23×). Concerning parameters without comparison with a manual method, the precision level of supero-inferior position was 0.489 mm; and the precisions of the inclination angle measurements were 1.365 mm and 0.237 mm for the two automated methods investigated. Improved precision of measuring auricle parameters was associated with using the high-end scanner. A higher dose was only associated with a higher precision for the left auricle length. The findings of this study emphasize the advantage of automated surface-based auricle measurements, showcasing improved precision compared to traditional methods. This novel algorithm has the potential to enhance auricle reconstruction and other applications in plastic surgery, offering a promising avenue for future research and clinical application.

Background and objective Expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in tumour cells (TCs) is predictive of immunotherapy efficacy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Small biopsy samples collected by bronchoscopy are often used to diagnose peripheral lung cancer. It is questionable whether these small samples from radial endobronchial ultrasonography (r-EBUS) procedures are representative of PD-L1 expression in TCs.Methods We retrieved data of consecutive patients who had surgery for NSCLC and previous r-EBUS biopsy sampling, from 2017 to 2019 in our centre. PD-L1 expression in tumour cells was categorised as

Abstract The efficient dirubidium cobalt bis(dihydrogendiphosphate) dihydrate compound is successfully synthesized in a solution and used as a reactive sorbent for the CO2 and CH4 gases adsorption and storage. A crystal of this Rb2Co(H2P2O7)2·2H2O compound has been isolated and characterized by single X-ray diffraction analysis and was found to crystallize in the triclinic system ( $$P\overline{1}$$ P 1 ¯ ) with the cell parameters (Å): 6.980(1), 7.370(1), 7.816(1), 81.74(1), 70.35(1), 86.34(1); V = 374.68(9) Å3, Z = 2. The crystal-packing consists of a three-dimensional framework made upon corners and edges sharing of [RbO7], [H2P2O7] and [CoO6] entities, furthermore linked by a network of H-bonds. The UV–Vis spectroscopy revealed usual transitions between the ground state 4T1g and the upper levels 4T2g, 4A2g and 4T1g (P). Moreover, the CO2 and CH4 gases sorption measurements were successfully performed at two different temperatures (25 and 45 °C) and various pressures ranging from vacuum to 50 bar. Our results show that rate of CO2 and CH4 capturing was 3.10 mmol/g and 2.35 mmol/g at temperature 25 °C and pressure 50 bar, respectively. This compound showed a clear potential for CO2/CH4 adsorption and storage thereby paving the way towards its exploration and adaptation for capturing and collecting carbon dioxide and greenhouse gases from the air, and their conversion into hydrocarbon fuels using existing mature technologies. We have also conducted density functional theory calculations to study the CO2 and CH4 adsorption properties of Rb2Co(H2P2O7)2·2H2O. The simulation results show enhanced adsorption of both types of molecules on the surface of the material.

Introduction: Encysted intrapelvic hematoma is rare [2]. The etiological diagnosis is often difficult but guided by computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and confirmed by histopathological examination. Case report: A 40-year-old man was admitted for a painless iliac fossa with mass evolving for 6 months. In his medical history, he had an exploratory laparotomy following a road accident 20 years ago. Radiological investigation shows a process centered on the lysed left iliac bone, multi-loculated in favor of encysted hematoma. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis. The treatment was a simple resection and drainage of the mass. No local recurrence was noted, after 24 months of follow-up. Conclusion: Before an unexplained polycystic mass, the diagnosis of encysted hematoma should be considered, especially in any patient presenting pain next to a mass with risk factors as an old trauma. Currently there is no consensus in the treatment, but surgery still has a place in the management, also making it possible to eliminate other pathologies, namely tumors.

Emphysematous pyelonephritis and cystitis, rare and potentially life-threatening infections marked by gas accumulation in the urinary tract, are described in a 32-year-old male with a history of myelomeningocele and a neurogenic bladder managed by a Benchekroune valve. Clinical and radiological findings confirmed emphysematous pyelonephritis and cystitis. A conservative approach, including urinary drainage and four-week antibiotic treatment (ceftriaxone and metronidazole), led to rapid clinical improvement. This case underscores the successful management of emphysematous infections in a neurogenic bladder patient, emphasizing the effectiveness of conservative treatment.

Summary: Background: Commonly used methods to evaluate auricles are subjective and are therefore not specific, comprehensive, and precise nor effective in the assessment of microtia reconstruction outcomes. This scoping review aimed to summarize the objective methods for the accurate evaluation of microtia reconstruction. Methods: We performed a scoping review of publications that used objective measurement methods to evaluate outcomes of microtia reconstruction according to the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. A systematic literature search was conducted in the Embase, PubMed, Cochrane, CNKI, and VIP databases, and literature references were screened for additional records. Studies that evaluated auricles after microtia reconstruction using quantitative anthropometric methods were included, and data on these methods were collected. Results: Twenty-five publications reported on quantitative objective outcome measurements. Thirteen studies evaluated auricular protrusion, three articles assessed the position or symmetry, and twelve studies reported on auricle size. The quantitative measurements of fine structures, such as the tragus and concha, were described in three studies. All described measurements used manual landmarking, where fifteen studies described well-defined landmarks, fifteen studies described poorly defined landmarks, and four studies used a combination of well and poorly defined landmarks. Conclusion: The objective evaluation of microtia reconstruction outcomes is hindered by significant heterogeneity of measurement methods. The measurement methods used for general auricular measurements (auricular protrusion, auriculocephalic angle, and size) used in microtia reconstruction were abundant, while measurements of auricular position and the fine structures of the auricle were limited. Three-dimensional imaging combined with computer analyses poses promising future alternatives.