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Several modifications of the induced membrane technique (IMT) have been reported, but there is no consensus regarding their results and prognosis. Moreover, most studies have focused on tibial defects; no meta‐analysis of the treatment of femoral defects using the IMT has been reported. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to identify the potential risk factors of post‐procedural complications following the treatment of segmental femoral defects using the IMT. A comprehensive search was performed on the Cochrane Library, EBSCO, EMBASE, Ovid, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, using the keywords "femur," "Masquelet technique," and "induced membrane technique." Original articles composed in English, having accessible individual patient data, and reporting more than two cases of bony defect or nonunion of femur or more than five cases of any body part were included. Post‐procedural bone graft infections, final union status, and union time after second‐stage operation were analyzed. Fourteen reports, including 90 patients, were used in this study. External fixation in second‐stage surgery had an odds ratio of 9.267 for post‐procedural bone graft infection (p = 0.047). The odds ratio of post‐procedural bone graft infection and age >65 years for final non‐union status was 51.05 (p = 0.003) and 9.18 (p = 0.042). Shorter union time was related to impregnated antibiotics in the spacer (p = 0.005), transplanting all‐autologous grafts (p = 0.042), and the application of intramedullary nails as the second‐stage fixation method (p = 0.050). The IMT appears to be reasonable and reproducible for femoral segmental bone defects. Several preoperative and surgical factors may affect post‐procedural complications and union time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To report obstetric outcomes in pregnant women with previous pelvic ring injury (PRI) and investigate the correlation between residual pelvic deformity and the mode of delivery., Design: Retrospective cohort study., Setting: Single medical centre in Taiwan., Population: Forty-one women with PRI histories from 2000 to 2021 who subsequently underwent pregnancy and delivery., Methods: All patients had complete PRI treatment and radiological follow up for at least 1 year. The demographic data, radiological outcomes after PRI and obstetric outcomes were collected to investigate the potential factors of delivery modes using non-parametric approaches and logistic regression. Caesarean section (CS) rates among different subgroups were reported., Main Outcome Measures: Comparisons of demographic data and radiological outcomes (Matta/Tornetta criteria and Lefaivre criteria) after PRI among patients who had subsequent pregnancy and underwent vaginal deliveries (VD) or CS., Results: There were 14 VD and 27 CS in 41 patients. Nine patients underwent CS because of their PRI history, 12 patients underwent CS for other obstetric indications and 20 underwent trial of labour. Based on the logistic regression model, retained trans-iliosacral implants did not significantly increase the risk of CS (odds ratio [OR] 1.20; 95% CI 0.17-8.38). Higher pelvic asymmetry value by Lefaivre criteria was a potential risk factor for CS after previous PRI (OR 1.52; 95% CI 1.043-2.213)., Conclusions: VD is possible after PRI. Retained trans-iliosacral implants do not affect the delivery outcome. Residual pelvic asymmetry after PRI by Lefaivre criteria is a potential risk factor for CS., (© 2023 The Authors. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)